emu48-mirror/Emu48.htm
Gwenhael Le Moine 04a295b23d
2022-07-31: Updated to version 1.65
Signed-off-by: Gwenhael Le Moine <gwenhael.le.moine@gmail.com>
2024-03-20 08:15:25 +01:00

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<p>Emu48 - A freeware HP38G/39G/40G/48SX/48GX/49G Emulator<br>
for Windows 9x, ME, NT, 2000, XP, Vista, 7, 8 and 10</p>
</div>
<div id="navi">
<p><a class="nav1" href="#s1">1. General</a></p>
<p><a class="nav1" href="#s2">2. Acknowledgements</a></p>
<p><a class="nav1" href="#s3">3. ROM Images</a><br>
<a class="nav2" href="#ss3.1">3.1 Creation examples</a></p>
<p><a class="nav1" href="#s4">4. Installation</a></p>
<p><a class="nav1" href="#s5">5. How to Start</a></p>
<p><a class="nav1" href="#s6">6. Command Line</a></p>
<p><a class="nav1" href="#s7">7. Virtual Keyboard</a></p>
<p><a class="nav1" href="#s8">8. File Menu</a><br>
<span class="nav2">
<a href="#ss8.1">8.1 New...</a><br>
<a href="#ss8.2">8.2 Open...</a><br>
<a href="#ss8.3">8.3 Save</a><br>
<a href="#ss8.4">8.4 Save As...</a><br>
<a href="#ss8.5">8.5 Close</a><br>
<a href="#ss8.6">8.6 Settings</a><br>
<a href="#ss8.6.1">8.6.1 Settings General</a><br>
<a href="#ss8.6.2">8.6.2 Settings Memory</a><br>
<a href="#ss8.6.3">8.6.3 Settings Peripheral</a><br>
<a href="#ss8.7">8.7 Exit</a>
</span></p>
<p><a class="nav1" href="#s9">9. Edit Menu</a><br>
<span class="nav2">
<a href="#ss9.1">9.1 Load Object...</a><br>
<a href="#ss9.2">9.2 Save Object...</a><br>
<a href="#ss9.3">9.3 Copy Screen</a><br>
<a href="#ss9.4">9.4 Copy Stack</a><br>
<a href="#ss9.5">9.5 Paste Stack</a><br>
<a href="#ss9.6">9.6 Reset Calculator</a><br>
<a href="#ss9.7">9.7 Backup</a><br>
<a href="#ss9.7.1">9.7.1 Backup Save</a><br>
<a href="#ss9.7.2">9.7.2 Backup Restore</a><br>
<a href="#ss9.7.3">9.7.3 Backup Delete</a>
</span></p>
<p><a class="nav1" href="#s10">10. View Menu</a><br>
<a class="nav2" href="#ss10.1">10.1 Change KML Script...</a></p>
<p><a class="nav1" href="#s11">11. Tools Menu</a><br>
<span class="nav2">
<a href="#ss11.1">11.1 Disassembler...</a><br>
<a href="#ss11.2">11.2 Debugger...</a><br>
<a href="#ss11.3">11.3 Macro</a><br>
<a href="#ss11.3.1">11.3.1 Macro Record...</a><br>
<a href="#ss11.3.2">11.3.2 Macro Play...</a><br>
<a href="#ss11.3.3">11.3.3 Macro Stop</a><br>
<a href="#ss11.3.4">11.3.4 Macro Settings...</a>
</span></p>
<p><a class="nav1" href="#s12">12. Help Menu</a><br>
<span class="nav2">
<a href="#ss12.1">12.1 Help Topics</a><br>
<a href="#ss12.2">12.2 About Emu48...</a>
</span></p>
<p><a class="nav1" href="#s13">13. DDE Server</a></p>
<p><a class="nav1" href="#s14">14. License</a></p>
</div>
<div id="main">
<h1><a name=s1>1. General</a></h1>
<p><a href="https://hp.giesselink.com/emu48.htm">Emu48</a> is an
emulator for the Hewlett Packard HP38G, HP39G, HP40G, HP48SX, HP48GX
and HP49G calculator hardware. These calculators are based on the
1LT8 Clarke (HP48SX) and on the Yorke chip.</p>
<h1><a name=s2>2. Acknowledgements</a></h1>
<p>First of all a big thank to S&eacute;bastien Carlier for publishing
Emu48 v1.0 under the GPL. Without this decision newer versions of the
emulator wouldn't have been possible or ports to other similar
calculators wouldn't have been made. Also a big thank to Jean-Yves
Avenard for his technical assistance in the beginning. Lode Vandevenne
spent the PNG image decoder and finally I want to thank all the
unnamed authors for publishing material about these calculators.</p>
<h1><a name=s3>3. ROM Images</a></h1>
<p>Emu48 needs a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROM_image">ROM
image</a> for each calculator model you want to emulate. ROM images
are valid in a packed (even address lower nibble, odd address higher
nibble) or unpacked (one nibble per byte with even address first)
form.</p>
<p>Since fall 2000 the emulator ROM's for the HP38, 39, 40, 48 and 49
are freely available on different Internet sites. Because there's no
license for the distribution of the ROM images, they aren't included
in the Emu48 package. Since accepting packed ROM images, in most cases
converting the given ROM format (which is regulary a packed ROM image)
into the native Emu48 ROM format is not necessary any more. You can
still use the classic way extracting them from your own calculator.
</p>
<p>The command line <i>Convert</i> utility delivered with the Emu48
program package was originally designed to convert HP48 ROM images
files from one of the various used ROM image formats of the 90s to
the unpacked format originally used by Emu48. The 2nd important
task of this tool is updating the I/O register area with zeros.
Most images had been created with a ROM upload program where the
I/O register area was mapped over the ROM content and so the ROM
image file contain a wrong content at this position. Executing the
selftest on a HP38 or a HP48 will report an IROM fail then. To fix
this the <i>Convert</i> utility overwrites the I/O register area
in the destination file with zeros. Final notice, the convert
utility shows the CRC result after the file convert and a passed
ROM CRC test does <u><b>not</b></u> imply, that the source file
is in an Emu48 suitable format! To create a ROM image in a suitable
format, call the convert utility with the 2nd file argument.
</p>
<p>The general syntax of the convert utility is:</p>
<blockquote>Convert [-p] &lt;old-rom-dump&gt; [&lt;new-rom-dump&gt;]</blockquote>
<p>where:</p>
<blockquote>Convert &lt;old-rom-dump&gt;</blockquote>
<p>check if &lt;old-rom-dump&gt; is in a known source format and
report the ROM Model, the ROM Version and the result of the CRC
check.
</p>
<p>where:</p>
<blockquote>Convert &lt;old-rom-dump&gt; &lt;new-rom-dump&gt;</blockquote>
<p>convert the file &lt;old-rom-dump&gt; into the <u>unpacked</u>
ROM image file &lt;new-rom-dump&gt; valid for use in Emu48.
</p>
<p>where:</p>
<blockquote>Convert -p &lt;old-rom-dump&gt; &lt;new-rom-dump&gt;</blockquote>
<p>convert the file &lt;old-rom-dump&gt; into the <u>packed</u>
ROM image file &lt;new-rom-dump&gt; valid for use in Emu48.
</p>
<h2><a name=ss3.1>3.1 Creation examples</a></h2>
<ul>
<li>HP38
<p>To upload the ROM of your HP38G, you will need a special aplet
called <a href="http://www.hpcalc.org/details.php?id=633">&quot;ROM UPLOAD&quot;</a>.
Once you've uploaded the ROM, you have to convert it using the
Convert utility.</p>
<p>To do that, start a Command Prompt while running Windows, and
type:</p>
<blockquote>Convert -p &lt;rom-file&gt; ROM.38G</blockquote>
<p>Where &lt;rom-file&gt; is the path to your ROM image. This will
create a packed file named ROM.38G. This tool will also check its validity.
</p></li>
<li>HP39/40
<p>To upload the ROM of your HP39G/HP40G, you will need a special aplet
called <a href="https://hp.giesselink.com/emu48.htm">&quot;ROM UPLOAD&quot;</a>.
Once you've uploaded the ROM, you may convert it to the unpacked format
using the Rom2emu utility or rename it when you want to keep the packed
format.
</p>
<p>To do that, start a Command Prompt while running Windows, and
type:</p>
<blockquote>Rom2emu &lt;rom-file&gt; ROM.39G</blockquote>
<p>or</p>
<blockquote>rename &lt;rom-file&gt; ROM.39G</blockquote>
<p>There's also a HP39G/HP40G beta ROM for emulators inside an old
<a href="http://www.hpcalc.org/details.php?id=4272">Emu48 package</a>.
</p></li>
<li>HP48
<p>If you have already used another HP48 emulator, you can convert
the ROM using the Convert utility.
</p>
<p>To do that, start a Command Prompt while running Windows, and
type:</p>
<blockquote>Convert &lt;rom-file&gt; ROM.48G</blockquote>
<p>or</p>
<blockquote>Convert &lt;rom-file&gt; ROM.48S</blockquote>
<p>Where &lt;rom-file&gt; is the path to your old ROM image. This
will create a file named ROM.48G or ROM.48S, depending on the
version you own. This tool should be able to read any style of
ROM image, and will also check its validity. Note that if you run
it with only one parameter, no file will be written, but it will
still check the validity of the ROM.</p>
<p>If you have never used an HP48 emulator, and don't have a ROM
dump, you can either use Jean-Yves Avenard's ROMUPL.BIN or the
ROMDump Wizard V1.x, which will almost automatically get the ROM
from your HP48. After the download you may have to convert your
dump with the CONVERT utility into the Emu48 format.</p>
<p>You can find the latest version of the ROM dump programs on:</p>
<blockquote>
ROMUPL.BIN <a href="http://www.hpcalc.org/details.php?id=3686">
http://www.hpcalc.org/details.php?id=3686</a><br>
ROMDump Wizard
<a href="https://hp.giesselink.com/emu48.htm">
https://hp.giesselink.com/emu48.htm</a>
</blockquote></li>
<li>HP49G
<p>There's no ROM download program available so far. But you can
create a ROM image with the
<a href="https://hp.giesselink.com/emu48.htm">UPD49ROM tool</a>
and a <a href="http://www.hpcalc.org/hp49/pc/rom/">
ROM update file</a> for the HP49G calculator. I suggested to use
<a href="http://www.hpcalc.org/details.php?id=3240">version 1.19-6</a>
</p>
<p>To create a HP49G ROM image file, start a Command Prompt while
running Windows, and type:</p>
<blockquote>UPD49ROM -f hp49119-6.flash ROM.49G</blockquote>
<p>This will create a HP49G ROM image file with an empty User
Port 2.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1><a name=s4>4. Installation</a></h1>
<p>To install Emu48 you may use the installer package which contain,
among the binaries, some HP48 KML scripts or just unzip the emulator
and the required emulator skins from archives into an empty directory.
Finally copy your ROM images into this directory and adjust the ROM
image name to the name used in the corresponding KML script. When you
first run Emu48, it will detect the directory in which you installed
it, and will write the configuration to the registry at
<i>HKCU\Software\Emu48</i>.</p>
<h1><a name=s5>5. How to Start</a></h1>
<p>When Emu48 is installed and you have put valid KML scripts and the
corresponding ROM image(s) into your Emu48 installation directory, you
can start Emu48. You'll see a &quot;Choose Your KML Script&quot;
box.</p>
<p>KML (Keyboard Mapping Language) scripts define the visual aspect
of Emu48, the behaviour of the buttons, of the keyboard, ... It's a
<b>great</b> way to customize your copy of Emu48.</p>
<p>Check in this dialog that the path in the &quot;Emu48 Directory&quot;
text area points to the directory in which you installed the Emu48 KML
files. Click the refresh button (&quot;V&quot;) after modifying the
directory path manually to update the list box or use the
(&quot;...&quot;) button to start a directory browser.</p>
<p>Choose a KML script in the list box for your calculator ROM you put
into Emu48's directory.</p>
<p>Several HP48 scripts are included in the Emu48 archive:</p>
<ul>
<li>Emu48's Default Faceplate for HP48G/GX</li>
<li>Emu48's Default Faceplate for HP48S/SX
<p>These two are simple scripts, good for 800x600 display
resolution.</p></li>
<li>Casey's Gx with Toolbar and Touch Screen</li>
<li>Casey's Sx with Toolbar and Touch Screen
<p>These script uses many advanced features, and is a good
demonstration of the power of Emu48's scripting language KML.
Try it, it is really great!</p></li>
<li>Floating buttons
<p>This one looks really great.</p></li>
<li>Small but realistic HP48 Gx
<p>This one has been designed for small resolutions such as
640x480.
</p></li>
</ul>
<p>If you want other great scripts, visit Rechlin's great HP archive
<a href="http://www.hpcalc.org/"></a></p>
<p>If you are interested in writing new scripts, get the KML 2.0
documentation from <a href="https://hp.giesselink.com/emu48.htm">the
authors Emu48 page</a>.</p>
<p>Having selected a script, press OK to start the emulator. In most
cases, when Emu48 crash after pressing the OK button, you are using
an invalid ROM image. While it's running, you can use the
&quot;<a href="#ss10.1">View/Change KML Script...</a>&quot; command to
change the visual aspect of Emu48.</p>
<h1><a name=s6>6. Command Line</a></h1>
<p>The command line syntax is &quot;<i>Emu48 [E48file [Port2file]]</i>&quot;.
The first parameter sets the filename of the emulation data
independent from the &quot;LastDocument&quot; setting, normally
reponsible for opening the last used state file. The second parameter
the Port2 file. You're not able to set a Port 2 file without setting
the emulation data file. The arguments are optional.</p>
<h1><a name=s7>7. Virtual Keyboard</a></h1>
<p>There are two ways to use the virtual keyboard on the emulated
calculator:</p>
<ol>
<li><a href="#mouse">by Mouse</a></li>
<li><a href="#keyboard">by PC keyboard</a></li>
</ol>
<p><a name=mouse></a>
The easiest way to use the emulated calculator is by using the mouse. The
KML script defines buttons with an area where mouse clicks take effect.
The active area is indicated by changing the cursor from an arrow to a
hand cursor. Pressing the left mouse button over an active area will
press the virtual button. When the mouse cursor leaves the virtual key
area with still the left mouse button pressed, the virtual button is
automatically released. The visual aspect of a pressed or released
virtual button is defined in the KML script. In some cases you need to
press more than one key on the emulator. For these cases press the
virtual key with the right mouse button. When you release the mouse
button or leave the area of the virtual key, the key is still held.
To release all held virtual buttons, just use the left mouse button
again. A single release of a hold virtual key isn't possible.</p>
<p><a name=keyboard></a>
Another convenient way is using the PC keyboard. The KML script language
supports a large variety of commands to implement this feature. So
keyboard usage mostly depends on your used KML script and not on the
emulator. Because of this it's impossible to say what's happen when you
press a key on the PC keyboard. Some Windows specific accelerator keys
like F10 cannot be overloaded by the KML script. For further details
read the KML 2.0 documentation mentioned before please.</p>
<h1><a name=s8>8. File Menu</a></h1>
<h2><a name=ss8.1>8.1 New...</a></h2>
<p>Creates a new emulation session. You're asked for a KML script where
you can select the calculator type and skin to emulate.</p>
<h2><a name=ss8.2>8.2 Open...</a></h2>
<p>Opens a previously saved emulation session. The emulation continues
at the same position where the session was aborted. Loading emulation
sessions made with a different ROM revision may <u>destroy</u> the memory
content or may cause other unpredictable results.</p>
<h2><a name=ss8.3>8.3 Save</a></h2>
<p>Saves the current session with the actual name.</p>
<h2><a name=ss8.4>8.4 Save As...</a></h2>
<p>Saves the current session with a new name. You're also get this
dialog when you Exit a new session without a state file name.</p>
<h2><a name=ss8.5>8.5 Close</a></h2>
<p>Closes the current session without closing the emulator.</p>
<h2><a name=ss8.6>8.6 Settings</a></h2>
<p>This calls the Settings dialog. This dialog has three tabs:
General, Memory and Peripheral.</p>
<h3><a name=ss8.6.1>8.6.1 Settings General</a></h3>
<h4>8.6.1.1 Section General</h4>
<ul>
<li><i>Authentic Calculator Speed</i>
<p>When this option is checked, the emulation speed will be similar
to the real calculator depending on the RATE control register
content.</p></li>
<li><i>Enable Virtual LCD Delay</i>
<p>Try this option for a better 4 color gray scale display simulation
output.</p></li>
<li><i>Always On Top</i>
<p>When this option is checked, the emulator window will always be the
topmost one.</p></li>
<li><i>Activation Follows Mouse</i>
<p>This option enables a X-Mouse style windows activation. When the
mouse is moved over the emulator window, the emulator is getting the
focus and popping up into foreground.</p></li>
<li><i>Single Instance</i>
<p>When this option is checked, only one instance of the emulator can
be started. If another running instance is detected, the detected
instance is set into foreground as active window and get a request to
change his state file to the given one by the current instance. Then
the current instance is terminated.</p></li>
<li><i>Automatically Save Files</i>
<p>When this option is checked, the current state file will automatically
saved when you change to another state file, but not when you close the
emulator program.</p></li>
<li><i>Automatically Save Files On Exit</i>
<p>When this option is checked, the current state file will be saved
automatically when the emulator program is closed.</p></li>
<li><i>Show Load Object Warning</i>
<p>When this option is checked, you'll get a warning message box when you
try to load an object with the <i>Load Object...</i> menu command. If
this option is unchecked, the warning will be skipped.</p></li>
<li><i>Always Show KML Compilation Result</i>
<p>When this option is checked, you see the results of the KML
(Keyboard Mapping Language) interpreter at every KML script load.
</p></li>
</ul>
<h4>8.6.1.2 Section Style</h4>
<ul>
<li><i>Show Title</i>
<p>When this option is checked, the window title bar is visible.</p></li>
<li><i>Show Menu</i>
<p>When this option is checked, the menu bar is enabled. If unchecked,
the menu is accessible as context menu in the client area outside the
calculator button definitions.</p></li>
</ul>
<h4>8.6.1.3 Section Disassembler</h4>
<p>Choosing the assembler syntax:</p>
<ul>
<li><i>HP Mnemonics</i>
<p>This is the standard syntax used by HP.</p></li>
<li><i>Class Mnemonics</i>
<p>Class (Clarke assembler) was written by Lutz Vieweg in 1991, at a time
when HP had not published their own development tools. The syntax is very
similar to the AG and STAR mnemonics used at this time. Especially
published assembler programs written for the HP28S use the similar AG
syntax.</p></li>
</ul>
<h3><a name=ss8.6.2>8.6.2 Settings Memory</a></h3>
<h4>8.6.2.1 Section Memory Cards</h4>
<ul>
<li><i>Port 1 is Plugged</i>
<p>When this option is checked, a 128 KB RAM card is emulated in card
Port 1. The RAM card content is saved in the current emulator state
file.</p></li>
<li><i>Port 1 is Writeable</i>
<p>When this option is checked, the RAM card in card Port 1 is
writable else the card is Read-Only by simulating the card write
protect switch.</p></li>
<li><i>Port 2 is Shared</i>
<p>When this option is unchecked, only the first instance of Emu48
will allow you to use the RAM card in Port 2. When this option is
checked, the first instance of Emu48 will give you both read and
write access to this RAM card. If you start Emu48 in another
instance, the RAM card in Port 2 will be write-protected. Thus you
can transfer files very easily between two calculators. This RAM card
is used by both S/SX and G/GX types.</p></li>
<li><i>Port 2 is Writeable</i>
<p>This option represents the actual read/write state of the Port 2
file. Changing the option will also change the state for the
calculator by modifying the Read-Only attribute of the file.</p></li>
<li><i>Port 2 File</i>
<p>You can add a RAM card of up to 4MB to a HP48. By default, no such
card will be created when you start Emu48. The MkShared.exe utility
will allow you to create one. To create a Port 2 RAM Card, call the
program, select the RAM Card size, enter the card file name and press
the 'Create' button. That's it. Please remember, this program replace
the destination file without any request!</p>
<p>If you already have a Port 2 card file in unpacked format, you
have to copy the file into the emulator directory. If you choose a
different directory you have to use a full path file name.</p>
<p>If you use RAM cards greater than 128 KB in a HP48SX, you can only
see the first 128 KB of the card. Please remember, the firmware of
all HP48GX versions has a bug when using a 4 MB RAM card. You always
get the message &quot;Warning: Invalid Card Data&quot; at startup
and Port 33 is inaccessible. This is not a bug of the emulator!</p>
<p>When you have created or copied the file, enter the card file
name into the Port 2 File edit box.</p>
<p>Please remember, all port configuration changes mostly behave
like on the original calculator. This means when you do this changes
with the emulated calculator on, it's the same like when you do this
with a real calculator on. In many times, this depends on the current
state of the calculator, this will work without any problems by doing
an automatically calculator warmstart. But for the most secure way,
switch off the emulated calculator first, please!</p></li>
</ul>
<h3><a name=ss8.6.3>8.6.3 Settings Peripheral</a></h3>
<h4>8.6.3.1 Section Sound</h4>
<p>A new implementation of the sound engine made ROM patches for sound
output obsolete. The new sound engine emulates the behaviour of the
beeper output ports and only work in connection with a sound card.
Using the legacy PC speaker mode isn't possible any more. The old
beeper method with a ROM patch has been removed, so you have to remove
the ROM beep patches from your KML scripts. Actually the program
informs you when detecting ROM beep patches by opening the &quot;KML
Script Compilation Result&quot; dialog reporting an error.
</p>
<p>For the sound generation the calculator must know his own CPU strobe
frequency. On the real calculator the speed depends on various settings
like component tolerances, actual temperature, humidity and other
variables. The actual speed is measured by the calculator firmware
at a cold- or at a warmstart and stored in the =CSPEED variable. The
content of this calculator variable has direct influence on the
resulting frequency and duration. On the emulator the HP48SX CPU
strobe frequency is set by the registry key
<i>HKCU\Software\Emu48\Emulator\SXCycles</i>, for all other
calculators at <i>HKCU\Software\Emu48\Emulator\GXCycles</i>.
For some reasons the CPU cycles are only estimated and so the
strobe frequency value in the registry is not the exact CPU strobe
frequency of the calculator in Hz divided by 16384 like in the
other emulators. Because older versions of the emulator were not
able to measure the CPU strobe frequency properly or the strobe
frequency registry content has been changed since the last
measurement, the =CSPEED variable of this session file may contain
a wrong frequency value. You easily may discover this by measuring
the real duration of a 10s beep. A deviance less than 1s is ok,
otherwise you should perform a <u style="color:red">warmstart</u>
of the calculator in this session file. Alternatively you may
execute a <a href=#ss9.6>Reset Calculator</a>. This recalls the
measuring routine and save the result in the speed variable. Both
restart variants purge the stack content!
</p>
<ul>
<li><i>Volume</i>
<p>The output volume can be set with the Volume slider relative to
the Windows Master Volume control.
</p></li>
<li><i>Device</i>
<p>By default the sound device is set to &quot;Standard Audio&quot;,
but you can also manually choose the output device. When you change
the Standard Audio device in the Operating System settings dialog,
the internal device numbering may change, and so the manually selected
audio device.</p></li>
</ul>
<h4>8.6.3.2 Section Infrared Printer</h4>
<p>The emulator has the ability to print data to a HP82240A/B printer
simulation. The data transfer to the printer simulator is done over UDP.
In this section you can the define the IPv4 address and the port the
printer simulator is listening. A suitable HP82240B printer simulation can
be found <a href="https://hp.giesselink.com/hp82240b.htm">here</a>.</p>
<h4>8.6.3.3 Section Serial Ports</h4>
<ul>
<li><i>Wire</i>
<p>In the Wire combo box you can select the COM port device connected
to the wire port of the calculator.</p></li>
<li><i>Ir</i>
<p>In the Ir combo box you can select the COM port device connected
to the IR port of the calculator. Please remember that the IR port
only work with 2400 baud.</p></li>
</ul>
<h2><a name=ss8.7>8.7 Exit</a></h2>
<p>Quit emulation. The default actions at finishing are defined in the
<a href=#ss8.6>Settings</a> dialog. If the current session is
&quot;Untitled&quot; you are asked for a session file name using the
<a href="#ss8.4">Save As...</a> dialog. If you quit the emulator
without a given filename, you're asked for choosing a KML script at
next startup.</p>
<h1><a name=s9>9. Edit Menu</a></h1>
<h2><a name=ss9.1>9.1 Load Object...</a></h2>
<p>This is only valid for the HP48SX, HP48GX and the HP49G emulation.
You can load HP48 and HP49G binary objects to stack level 1. Therefore
the object must begin with &quot;HPHP48-x&quot; for a HP48 or with
&quot;HPHP49-x&quot; for a HP49G binary object where x can be any
alphanumeric character. If the binary header isn't present, the object
is loaded as string. Dropping HP objects over the emulator window will
also load objects. Be sure that the emulator isn't busy before doing
this.</p>
<h2><a name=ss9.2>9.2 Save Object...</a></h2>
<p>This is only valid for the HP48SX, HP48GX and the HP49G emulation.
Save the current object in stack level 1 as binary object to disk.</p>
<h2><a name=ss9.3>9.3 Copy Screen</a></h2>
<p>Copy the screen content as bitmap to the clipboard.</p>
<h2><a name=ss9.4>9.4 Copy Stack</a></h2>
<p>This menu item is enabled for the HP48SX, HP48GX and the HP49G
emulation.</p>
<p>Copy a &quot;Real Number&quot;, &quot;Complex Number&quot; or
&quot;String&quot; object in stack level 1 to the clipboard. On all
other objects, the command will be ignored. This prevents sending
binary objects to the clipboard.</p>
<p>The decimal point (radix mark) of &quot;Real Numbers&quot; in the
clipboard is equal to the calculator setting. This is important when
you try to paste the numbers into a program using the locale settings
of the host operating system.</p>
<h2><a name=ss9.5>9.5 Paste Stack</a></h2>
<p>This menu item is enabled for the HP48SX, HP48GX and the HP49G
emulation.</p>
<p>Paste the text field content of the clipboard to stack level 1 of
the emulated calculator. If the clipboard content is representing a
real number, the number will be saved as &quot;Real Number&quot;
object. Is the content a complex number object, the number will be
saved as &quot;Complex Number&quot; object, otherwise cases as
&quot;String&quot; object.</p>
<p>To import &quot;Real or Complex Numbers&quot; from the clipboard, the
decimal point (radix mark) of the clipboard and calculator <u>must</u>
match. A real or complex number is only detected in the case of valid
real number characters in the clipboard. Especially heading and tailing
white spaces aren't valid number characters also.</p>
<p>Complex numbers must be in the form <i>(a,b)</i> when using the point
radix mark or in the form <i>(a;b)</i> when using the comma radix mark.
The Cartesian or algebraic form <i>a+bi</i> is not supported.</p>
<h2><a name=ss9.6>9.6 Reset Calculator</a></h2>
<p>This emulates the Reset pin of the internal CPU.</p>
<h2><a name=ss9.7>9.7 Backup</a></h2>
<h3><a name=ss9.7.1>9.7.1 Backup Save</a></h3>
<p>This saves the current emulator status into a backup slot. If the
backup slot already contain data, it will be overwritten.</p>
<h3><a name=ss9.7.2>9.7.2 Backup Restore</a></h3>
<p>This restores a previous saved emulator status without request. If you
changed the calculator model meanwhile, the emulator will switch back to
the model used in the backup.</p>
<h3><a name=ss9.7.3>9.7.3 Backup Delete</a></h3>
<p>This deletes the data in the backup slot.</p>
<h1><a name=s10>10. View Menu</a></h1>
<h2><a name=ss10.1>10.1 Change KML Script...</a></h2>
<p>This allows you to change the skin of the current emulated calculator.
In opposite to the New... command you see only scripts emulating the same
calculator model.</p>
<h1><a name=s11>11. Tools Menu</a></h1>
<h2><a name=ss11.1>11.1 Disassembler...</a></h2>
<p>This is a simple disassembler.</p>
<p>Enter the address to disassemble in hexadecimal into the &quot;Address
(HEX)&quot; field and press &lt;Return&gt;. With the &quot;Next Address&quot;
button the next opcode is disassembled. With the &quot;Copy Data&quot; button
you can copy all selected lines from the list box to the clipboard.</p>
<h2><a name=ss11.2>11.2 Debugger...</a></h2>
<p>The assembler code debugger of the emulator. For more details refer to the
extra documentation of the debugger please.</p>
<h2><a name=ss11.3>11.3 Macro</a></h2>
<p>The keyboard macro recorder unit.</p>
<h3><a name=ss11.3.1>11.3.1 Macro Record...</a></h3>
<p>Prompts a dialog to enter the macro file for the data to record. After
accepting the confirm message, every key event is recorded into the macro
file with it's time information.</p>
<h3><a name=ss11.3.2>11.3.2 Macro Play...</a></h3>
<p>Prompts a dialog box to ask for the keyboard macro file to play. The
replay starts immediately after opening the selected file.</p>
<h3><a name=ss11.3.3>11.3.3 Macro Stop</a></h3>
<p>Stops recording or replaying a keyboard macro file.</p>
<h3><a name=ss11.3.4>11.3.4 Macro Settings...</a></h3>
<p>Settings for the Macro Replay mode</p>
<ul>
<li><i>Real</i>
<p>Replay macro with the original recording speed.</p></li>
<li><i>Manual</i>
<p>Replay macro with the speed set by the speed slider.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1><a name=s12>12. Help Menu</a></h1>
<h2><a name=ss12.1>12.1 Help Topics</a></h2>
<p>Show this document.</p>
<h2><a name=ss12.2>12.2 About Emu48...</a></h2>
<p>Show the version, copyright and license message...</p>
<h1><a name=s13>13. DDE Server</a></h1>
<p>Emu48 has an integrated DDE server to transmit data from and to the HP
stack. Because only the HP48 and HP49 have a stack, all DDE transfers
are ignored on the other calculators. You have the same restrictions like
with the commands &quot;Load object...&quot; and &quot;Save
Object...&quot;, that a running program may corrupt memory. In difference
you can choose the stack level for the transfer in the DDE item field.
Take care to transmit data only after the acknowledge of the last DDE
transaction.</p>
<p>Technical data:</p>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="651" summary="DDE settings">
<tr>
<td width="111">Servicename:</td>
<td width="536">Emu48</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="111">Topicname:</td>
<td width="536">Stack</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="111">Item:</td>
<td width="536">1 (stack level)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="111">Clipboardformat:</td>
<td width="536">&quot;CF_HPOBJ&quot; (user defined)</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>The DDE commands CONNECT, POKE and REQUEST are supported.</p>
<p>The structure of the clipboard format &quot;CF_HPOBJ&quot;:</p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" summary="CF_HPOBJ format">
<tr>
<td width="34%">4 Byte (length of object, LSB first)</td>
<td width="66%" align="center">HP object (normal HP object)</td>
</tr>
</table>
<h1><a name=s14>14. License</a></h1>
<p>Emu48 - A HP38G/39G/40G/48SX/48GX/49G Emulator<br>
Copyright (C) 2022 Christoph Gie&szlig;elink</p>
<p>This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option)
any later version.</p>
<p>This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
for more details.</p>
<p>You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.</p>
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