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<title>Emu48 Manual</title>
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<meta name="author" content="Christoph Giesselink">
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</head>
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<body>
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<div id="headline">
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<p>Emu48 - A freeware HP38G/39G/40G/48SX/48GX/49G Emulator<br>
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for Windows 9x, ME, NT, 2000, XP, Vista, 7, 8 and 10</p>
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</div>
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<div id="navi">
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<p><a class="nav1" href="#s1">1. General</a></p>
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<p><a class="nav1" href="#s2">2. Acknowledgements</a></p>
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<p><a class="nav1" href="#s3">3. ROM Images</a><br>
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<a class="nav2" href="#ss3.1">3.1 Creation examples</a></p>
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<p><a class="nav1" href="#s4">4. Installation</a></p>
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<p><a class="nav1" href="#s5">5. How to Start</a></p>
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<p><a class="nav1" href="#s6">6. Command Line</a></p>
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<p><a class="nav1" href="#s7">7. Virtual Keyboard</a></p>
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<p><a class="nav1" href="#s8">8. File Menu</a><br>
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<span class="nav2">
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<a href="#ss8.1">8.1 New...</a><br>
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<a href="#ss8.2">8.2 Open...</a><br>
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<a href="#ss8.3">8.3 Save</a><br>
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<a href="#ss8.4">8.4 Save As...</a><br>
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<a href="#ss8.5">8.5 Close</a><br>
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<a href="#ss8.6">8.6 Settings</a><br>
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<a href="#ss8.6.1">8.6.1 Settings General</a><br>
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<a href="#ss8.6.2">8.6.2 Settings Memory</a><br>
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<a href="#ss8.6.3">8.6.3 Settings Peripheral</a><br>
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<a href="#ss8.7">8.7 Exit</a>
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</span></p>
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<p><a class="nav1" href="#s9">9. Edit Menu</a><br>
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<span class="nav2">
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<a href="#ss9.1">9.1 Load Object...</a><br>
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<a href="#ss9.2">9.2 Save Object...</a><br>
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<a href="#ss9.3">9.3 Copy Screen</a><br>
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<a href="#ss9.4">9.4 Copy Stack</a><br>
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<a href="#ss9.5">9.5 Paste Stack</a><br>
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<a href="#ss9.6">9.6 Reset Calculator</a><br>
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<a href="#ss9.7">9.7 Backup</a><br>
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<a href="#ss9.7.1">9.7.1 Backup Save</a><br>
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<a href="#ss9.7.2">9.7.2 Backup Restore</a><br>
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<a href="#ss9.7.3">9.7.3 Backup Delete</a>
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</span></p>
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<p><a class="nav1" href="#s10">10. View Menu</a><br>
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<a class="nav2" href="#ss10.1">10.1 Change KML Script...</a></p>
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<p><a class="nav1" href="#s11">11. Tools Menu</a><br>
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<span class="nav2">
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<a href="#ss11.1">11.1 Disassembler...</a><br>
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<a href="#ss11.2">11.2 Debugger...</a><br>
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<a href="#ss11.3">11.3 Macro</a><br>
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<a href="#ss11.3.1">11.3.1 Macro Record...</a><br>
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<a href="#ss11.3.2">11.3.2 Macro Play...</a><br>
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<a href="#ss11.3.3">11.3.3 Macro Stop</a><br>
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<a href="#ss11.3.4">11.3.4 Macro Settings...</a>
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</span></p>
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<p><a class="nav1" href="#s12">12. Help Menu</a><br>
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<span class="nav2">
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<a href="#ss12.1">12.1 Help Topics</a><br>
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<a href="#ss12.2">12.2 About Emu48...</a>
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</span></p>
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<p><a class="nav1" href="#s13">13. DDE Server</a></p>
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<p><a class="nav1" href="#s14">14. License</a></p>
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</div>
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<div id="main">
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<h1><a name=s1>1. General</a></h1>
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<p><a href="https://hp.giesselink.com/emu48.htm">Emu48</a> is an
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emulator for the Hewlett Packard HP38G, HP39G, HP40G, HP48SX, HP48GX
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and HP49G calculator hardware. These calculators are based on the
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1LT8 Clarke (HP48SX) and on the Yorke chip.</p>
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<h1><a name=s2>2. Acknowledgements</a></h1>
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<p>First of all a big thank to Sébastien Carlier for publishing
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Emu48 v1.0 under the GPL. Without this decision newer versions of the
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emulator wouldn't have been possible or ports to other similar
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calculators wouldn't have been made. Also a big thank to Jean-Yves
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Avenard for his technical assistance in the beginning. Lode Vandevenne
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spent the PNG image decoder and finally I want to thank all the
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unnamed authors for publishing material about these calculators.</p>
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<h1><a name=s3>3. ROM Images</a></h1>
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<p>Emu48 needs a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROM_image">ROM
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image</a> for each calculator model you want to emulate. ROM images
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are valid in a packed (even address lower nibble, odd address higher
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nibble) or unpacked (one nibble per byte with even address first)
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form.</p>
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<p>Since fall 2000 the emulator ROM's for the HP38, 39, 40, 48 and 49
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are freely available on different Internet sites. Because there's no
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license for the distribution of the ROM images, they aren't included
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in the Emu48 package. Since accepting packed ROM images, in most cases
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converting the given ROM format (which is regulary a packed ROM image)
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into the native Emu48 ROM format is not necessary any more. You can
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still use the classic way extracting them from your own calculator.
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</p>
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<p>The command line <i>Convert</i> utility delivered with the Emu48
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program package was originally designed to convert HP48 ROM images
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files from one of the various used ROM image formats of the 90s to
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the unpacked format originally used by Emu48. The 2nd important
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task of this tool is updating the I/O register area with zeros.
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Most images had been created with a ROM upload program where the
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I/O register area was mapped over the ROM content and so the ROM
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image file contain a wrong content at this position. Executing the
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selftest on a HP38 or a HP48 will report an IROM fail then. To fix
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this the <i>Convert</i> utility overwrites the I/O register area
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in the destination file with zeros. Final notice, the convert
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utility shows the CRC result after the file convert and a passed
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ROM CRC test does <u><b>not</b></u> imply, that the source file
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is in an Emu48 suitable format! To create a ROM image in a suitable
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format, call the convert utility with the 2nd file argument.
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</p>
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<p>The general syntax of the convert utility is:</p>
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<blockquote>Convert [-p] <old-rom-dump> [<new-rom-dump>]</blockquote>
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<p>where:</p>
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<blockquote>Convert <old-rom-dump></blockquote>
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<p>check if <old-rom-dump> is in a known source format and
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report the ROM Model, the ROM Version and the result of the CRC
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check.
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</p>
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<p>where:</p>
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<blockquote>Convert <old-rom-dump> <new-rom-dump></blockquote>
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<p>convert the file <old-rom-dump> into the <u>unpacked</u>
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ROM image file <new-rom-dump> valid for use in Emu48.
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</p>
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<p>where:</p>
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<blockquote>Convert -p <old-rom-dump> <new-rom-dump></blockquote>
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<p>convert the file <old-rom-dump> into the <u>packed</u>
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ROM image file <new-rom-dump> valid for use in Emu48.
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</p>
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<h2><a name=ss3.1>3.1 Creation examples</a></h2>
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<ul>
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<li>HP38
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<p>To upload the ROM of your HP38G, you will need a special aplet
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called <a href="http://www.hpcalc.org/details.php?id=633">"ROM UPLOAD"</a>.
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Once you've uploaded the ROM, you have to convert it using the
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Convert utility.</p>
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<p>To do that, start a Command Prompt while running Windows, and
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type:</p>
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<blockquote>Convert -p <rom-file> ROM.38G</blockquote>
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<p>Where <rom-file> is the path to your ROM image. This will
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create a packed file named ROM.38G. This tool will also check its validity.
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</p></li>
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<li>HP39/40
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<p>To upload the ROM of your HP39G/HP40G, you will need a special aplet
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called <a href="https://hp.giesselink.com/emu48.htm">"ROM UPLOAD"</a>.
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Once you've uploaded the ROM, you may convert it to the unpacked format
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using the Rom2emu utility or rename it when you want to keep the packed
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format.
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</p>
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<p>To do that, start a Command Prompt while running Windows, and
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type:</p>
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<blockquote>Rom2emu <rom-file> ROM.39G</blockquote>
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<p>or</p>
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<blockquote>rename <rom-file> ROM.39G</blockquote>
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<p>There's also a HP39G/HP40G beta ROM for emulators inside an old
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<a href="http://www.hpcalc.org/details.php?id=4272">Emu48 package</a>.
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</p></li>
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<li>HP48
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<p>If you have already used another HP48 emulator, you can convert
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the ROM using the Convert utility.
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</p>
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<p>To do that, start a Command Prompt while running Windows, and
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type:</p>
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<blockquote>Convert <rom-file> ROM.48G</blockquote>
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<p>or</p>
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<blockquote>Convert <rom-file> ROM.48S</blockquote>
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<p>Where <rom-file> is the path to your old ROM image. This
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will create a file named ROM.48G or ROM.48S, depending on the
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version you own. This tool should be able to read any style of
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ROM image, and will also check its validity. Note that if you run
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it with only one parameter, no file will be written, but it will
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still check the validity of the ROM.</p>
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<p>If you have never used an HP48 emulator, and don't have a ROM
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dump, you can either use Jean-Yves Avenard's ROMUPL.BIN or the
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ROMDump Wizard V1.x, which will almost automatically get the ROM
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from your HP48. After the download you may have to convert your
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dump with the CONVERT utility into the Emu48 format.</p>
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<p>You can find the latest version of the ROM dump programs on:</p>
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<blockquote>
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ROMUPL.BIN <a href="http://www.hpcalc.org/details.php?id=3686">
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http://www.hpcalc.org/details.php?id=3686</a><br>
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ROMDump Wizard
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<a href="https://hp.giesselink.com/emu48.htm">
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https://hp.giesselink.com/emu48.htm</a>
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</blockquote></li>
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<li>HP49G
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<p>There's no ROM download program available so far. But you can
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create a ROM image with the
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<a href="https://hp.giesselink.com/emu48.htm">UPD49ROM tool</a>
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and a <a href="http://www.hpcalc.org/hp49/pc/rom/">
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ROM update file</a> for the HP49G calculator. I suggested to use
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<a href="http://www.hpcalc.org/details.php?id=3240">version 1.19-6</a>
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</p>
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<p>To create a HP49G ROM image file, start a Command Prompt while
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running Windows, and type:</p>
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<blockquote>UPD49ROM -f hp49119-6.flash ROM.49G</blockquote>
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<p>This will create a HP49G ROM image file with an empty User
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Port 2.</p></li>
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</ul>
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<h1><a name=s4>4. Installation</a></h1>
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<p>To install Emu48 you may use the installer package which contain,
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among the binaries, some HP48 KML scripts or just unzip the emulator
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and the required emulator skins from archives into an empty directory.
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Finally copy your ROM images into this directory and adjust the ROM
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image name to the name used in the corresponding KML script. When you
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first run Emu48, it will detect the directory in which you installed
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it, and will write the configuration to the registry at
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<i>HKCU\Software\Emu48</i>.</p>
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<h1><a name=s5>5. How to Start</a></h1>
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<p>When Emu48 is installed and you have put valid KML scripts and the
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corresponding ROM image(s) into your Emu48 installation directory, you
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can start Emu48. You'll see a "Choose Your KML Script"
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box.</p>
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<p>KML (Keyboard Mapping Language) scripts define the visual aspect
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of Emu48, the behaviour of the buttons, of the keyboard, ... It's a
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<b>great</b> way to customize your copy of Emu48.</p>
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<p>Check in this dialog that the path in the "Emu48 Directory"
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text area points to the directory in which you installed the Emu48 KML
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files. Click the refresh button ("V") after modifying the
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directory path manually to update the list box or use the
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("...") button to start a directory browser.</p>
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<p>Choose a KML script in the list box for your calculator ROM you put
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into Emu48's directory.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>Several HP48 scripts are included in the Emu48 archive:</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
|
|
<li>Emu48's Default Faceplate for HP48G/GX</li>
|
|
|
|
|
<li>Emu48's Default Faceplate for HP48S/SX
|
|
|
|
|
<p>These two are simple scripts, good for 800x600 display
|
|
|
|
|
resolution.</p></li>
|
|
|
|
|
<li>Casey's Gx with Toolbar and Touch Screen</li>
|
|
|
|
|
<li>Casey's Sx with Toolbar and Touch Screen
|
|
|
|
|
<p>These script uses many advanced features, and is a good
|
|
|
|
|
demonstration of the power of Emu48's scripting language KML.
|
|
|
|
|
Try it, it is really great!</p></li>
|
|
|
|
|
<li>Floating buttons
|
|
|
|
|
<p>This one looks really great.</p></li>
|
|
|
|
|
<li>Small but realistic HP48 Gx
|
|
|
|
|
<p>This one has been designed for small resolutions such as
|
|
|
|
|
640x480.
|
|
|
|
|
</p></li>
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>If you want other great scripts, visit Rechlin's great HP archive
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="http://www.hpcalc.org/"></a></p>
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
|
|
<p>If you are interested in writing new scripts, get the KML 2.0
|
2024-03-19 23:35:31 +01:00
|
|
|
documentation from <a href="https://hp.giesselink.com/emu48.htm">the
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
|
|
authors Emu48 page</a>.</p>
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
|
|
<p>Having selected a script, press OK to start the emulator. In most
|
|
|
|
|
cases, when Emu48 crash after pressing the OK button, you are using
|
|
|
|
|
an invalid ROM image. While it's running, you can use the
|
|
|
|
|
"<a href="#ss10.1">View/Change KML Script...</a>" command to
|
|
|
|
|
change the visual aspect of Emu48.</p>
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
|
|
<h1><a name=s6>6. Command Line</a></h1>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>The command line syntax is "<i>Emu48 [E48file [Port2file]]</i>".
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
|
|
The first parameter sets the filename of the emulation data
|
|
|
|
|
independent from the "LastDocument" setting, normally
|
|
|
|
|
reponsible for opening the last used state file. The second parameter
|
|
|
|
|
the Port2 file. You're not able to set a Port 2 file without setting
|
|
|
|
|
the emulation data file. The arguments are optional.</p>
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
|
|
<h1><a name=s7>7. Virtual Keyboard</a></h1>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>There are two ways to use the virtual keyboard on the emulated
|
|
|
|
|
calculator:</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<ol>
|
|
|
|
|
<li><a href="#mouse">by Mouse</a></li>
|
|
|
|
|
<li><a href="#keyboard">by PC keyboard</a></li>
|
|
|
|
|
</ol>
|
|
|
|
|
<p><a name=mouse></a>
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
|
|
The easiest way to use the emulated calculator is by using the mouse. The
|
|
|
|
|
KML script defines buttons with an area where mouse clicks take effect.
|
|
|
|
|
The active area is indicated by changing the cursor from an arrow to a
|
|
|
|
|
hand cursor. Pressing the left mouse button over an active area will
|
|
|
|
|
press the virtual button. When the mouse cursor leaves the virtual key
|
|
|
|
|
area with still the left mouse button pressed, the virtual button is
|
|
|
|
|
automatically released. The visual aspect of a pressed or released
|
|
|
|
|
virtual button is defined in the KML script. In some cases you need to
|
|
|
|
|
press more than one key on the emulator. For these cases press the
|
|
|
|
|
virtual key with the right mouse button. When you release the mouse
|
|
|
|
|
button or leave the area of the virtual key, the key is still held.
|
|
|
|
|
To release all held virtual buttons, just use the left mouse button
|
|
|
|
|
again. A single release of a hold virtual key isn't possible.</p>
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
|
|
<p><a name=keyboard></a>
|
|
|
|
|
Another convenient way is using the PC keyboard. The KML script language
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
|
|
supports a large variety of commands to implement this feature. So
|
|
|
|
|
keyboard usage mostly depends on your used KML script and not on the
|
|
|
|
|
emulator. Because of this it's impossible to say what's happen when you
|
|
|
|
|
press a key on the PC keyboard. Some Windows specific accelerator keys
|
|
|
|
|
like F10 cannot be overloaded by the KML script. For further details
|
|
|
|
|
read the KML 2.0 documentation mentioned before please.</p>
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
|
|
<h1><a name=s8>8. File Menu</a></h1>
|
|
|
|
|
<h2><a name=ss8.1>8.1 New...</a></h2>
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
|
|
<p>Creates a new emulation session. You're asked for a KML script where
|
|
|
|
|
you can select the calculator type and skin to emulate.</p>
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
|
|
<h2><a name=ss8.2>8.2 Open...</a></h2>
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
|
|
<p>Opens a previously saved emulation session. The emulation continues
|
|
|
|
|
at the same position where the session was aborted. Loading emulation
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
|
|
sessions made with a different ROM revision may <u>destroy</u> the memory
|
|
|
|
|
content or may cause other unpredictable results.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<h2><a name=ss8.3>8.3 Save</a></h2>
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
|
|
<p>Saves the current session with the actual name.</p>
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
|
|
<h2><a name=ss8.4>8.4 Save As...</a></h2>
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
|
|
<p>Saves the current session with a new name. You're also get this
|
|
|
|
|
dialog when you Exit a new session without a state file name.</p>
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
|
|
<h2><a name=ss8.5>8.5 Close</a></h2>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>Closes the current session without closing the emulator.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<h2><a name=ss8.6>8.6 Settings</a></h2>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>This calls the Settings dialog. This dialog has three tabs:
|
|
|
|
|
General, Memory and Peripheral.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<h3><a name=ss8.6.1>8.6.1 Settings General</a></h3>
|
|
|
|
|
<h4>8.6.1.1 Section General</h4>
|
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
|
|
<li><i>Authentic Calculator Speed</i>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>When this option is checked, the emulation speed will be similar
|
|
|
|
|
to the real calculator depending on the RATE control register
|
|
|
|
|
content.</p></li>
|
|
|
|
|
<li><i>Enable Virtual LCD Delay</i>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>Try this option for a better 4 color gray scale display simulation
|
|
|
|
|
output.</p></li>
|
|
|
|
|
<li><i>Always On Top</i>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>When this option is checked, the emulator window will always be the
|
|
|
|
|
topmost one.</p></li>
|
|
|
|
|
<li><i>Activation Follows Mouse</i>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>This option enables a X-Mouse style windows activation. When the
|
|
|
|
|
mouse is moved over the emulator window, the emulator is getting the
|
|
|
|
|
focus and popping up into foreground.</p></li>
|
|
|
|
|
<li><i>Single Instance</i>
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
|
|
<p>When this option is checked, only one instance of the emulator can
|
|
|
|
|
be started. If another running instance is detected, the detected
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
|
|
instance is set into foreground as active window and get a request to
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
|
|
change his state file to the given one by the current instance. Then
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
|
|
the current instance is terminated.</p></li>
|
|
|
|
|
<li><i>Automatically Save Files</i>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>When this option is checked, the current state file will automatically
|
|
|
|
|
saved when you change to another state file, but not when you close the
|
|
|
|
|
emulator program.</p></li>
|
|
|
|
|
<li><i>Automatically Save Files On Exit</i>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>When this option is checked, the current state file will be saved
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
|
|
automatically when the emulator program is closed.</p></li>
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
|
|
<li><i>Show Load Object Warning</i>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>When this option is checked, you'll get a warning message box when you
|
|
|
|
|
try to load an object with the <i>Load Object...</i> menu command. If
|
|
|
|
|
this option is unchecked, the warning will be skipped.</p></li>
|
|
|
|
|
<li><i>Always Show KML Compilation Result</i>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>When this option is checked, you see the results of the KML
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
|
|
(Keyboard Mapping Language) interpreter at every KML script load.
|
|
|
|
|
</p></li>
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
|
<h4>8.6.1.2 Section Style</h4>
|
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
|
|
<li><i>Show Title</i>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>When this option is checked, the window title bar is visible.</p></li>
|
|
|
|
|
<li><i>Show Menu</i>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>When this option is checked, the menu bar is enabled. If unchecked,
|
|
|
|
|
the menu is accessible as context menu in the client area outside the
|
|
|
|
|
calculator button definitions.</p></li>
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
|
<h4>8.6.1.3 Section Disassembler</h4>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>Choosing the assembler syntax:</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
|
|
<li><i>HP Mnemonics</i>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>This is the standard syntax used by HP.</p></li>
|
|
|
|
|
<li><i>Class Mnemonics</i>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>Class (Clarke assembler) was written by Lutz Vieweg in 1991, at a time
|
|
|
|
|
when HP had not published their own development tools. The syntax is very
|
|
|
|
|
similar to the AG and STAR mnemonics used at this time. Especially
|
|
|
|
|
published assembler programs written for the HP28S use the similar AG
|
|
|
|
|
syntax.</p></li>
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
|
<h3><a name=ss8.6.2>8.6.2 Settings Memory</a></h3>
|
|
|
|
|
<h4>8.6.2.1 Section Memory Cards</h4>
|
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
|
|
<li><i>Port 1 is Plugged</i>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>When this option is checked, a 128 KB RAM card is emulated in card
|
|
|
|
|
Port 1. The RAM card content is saved in the current emulator state
|
|
|
|
|
file.</p></li>
|
|
|
|
|
<li><i>Port 1 is Writeable</i>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>When this option is checked, the RAM card in card Port 1 is
|
|
|
|
|
writable else the card is Read-Only by simulating the card write
|
|
|
|
|
protect switch.</p></li>
|
|
|
|
|
<li><i>Port 2 is Shared</i>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>When this option is unchecked, only the first instance of Emu48
|
|
|
|
|
will allow you to use the RAM card in Port 2. When this option is
|
|
|
|
|
checked, the first instance of Emu48 will give you both read and
|
|
|
|
|
write access to this RAM card. If you start Emu48 in another
|
|
|
|
|
instance, the RAM card in Port 2 will be write-protected. Thus you
|
|
|
|
|
can transfer files very easily between two calculators. This RAM card
|
|
|
|
|
is used by both S/SX and G/GX types.</p></li>
|
|
|
|
|
<li><i>Port 2 is Writeable</i>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>This option represents the actual read/write state of the Port 2
|
|
|
|
|
file. Changing the option will also change the state for the
|
|
|
|
|
calculator by modifying the Read-Only attribute of the file.</p></li>
|
|
|
|
|
<li><i>Port 2 File</i>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>You can add a RAM card of up to 4MB to a HP48. By default, no such
|
|
|
|
|
card will be created when you start Emu48. The MkShared.exe utility
|
|
|
|
|
will allow you to create one. To create a Port 2 RAM Card, call the
|
|
|
|
|
program, select the RAM Card size, enter the card file name and press
|
|
|
|
|
the 'Create' button. That's it. Please remember, this program replace
|
|
|
|
|
the destination file without any request!</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>If you already have a Port 2 card file in unpacked format, you
|
|
|
|
|
have to copy the file into the emulator directory. If you choose a
|
|
|
|
|
different directory you have to use a full path file name.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>If you use RAM cards greater than 128 KB in a HP48SX, you can only
|
|
|
|
|
see the first 128 KB of the card. Please remember, the firmware of
|
|
|
|
|
all HP48GX versions has a bug when using a 4 MB RAM card. You always
|
|
|
|
|
get the message "Warning: Invalid Card Data" at startup
|
|
|
|
|
and Port 33 is inaccessible. This is not a bug of the emulator!</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>When you have created or copied the file, enter the card file
|
|
|
|
|
name into the Port 2 File edit box.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>Please remember, all port configuration changes mostly behave
|
|
|
|
|
like on the original calculator. This means when you do this changes
|
|
|
|
|
with the emulated calculator on, it's the same like when you do this
|
|
|
|
|
with a real calculator on. In many times, this depends on the current
|
|
|
|
|
state of the calculator, this will work without any problems by doing
|
|
|
|
|
an automatically calculator warmstart. But for the most secure way,
|
|
|
|
|
switch off the emulated calculator first, please!</p></li>
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
|
<h3><a name=ss8.6.3>8.6.3 Settings Peripheral</a></h3>
|
|
|
|
|
<h4>8.6.3.1 Section Sound</h4>
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
|
|
<p>A new implementation of the sound engine made ROM patches for sound
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
|
|
output obsolete. The new sound engine emulates the behaviour of the
|
|
|
|
|
beeper output ports and only work in connection with a sound card.
|
|
|
|
|
Using the legacy PC speaker mode isn't possible any more. The old
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
|
|
beeper method with a ROM patch has been removed, so you have to remove
|
|
|
|
|
the ROM beep patches from your KML scripts. Actually the program
|
|
|
|
|
informs you when detecting ROM beep patches by opening the "KML
|
|
|
|
|
Script Compilation Result" dialog reporting an error.
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
|
|
</p>
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
|
|
<p>For the sound generation the calculator must know his own CPU strobe
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
|
|
frequency. On the real calculator the speed depends on various settings
|
|
|
|
|
like component tolerances, actual temperature, humidity and other
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
|
|
variables. The actual speed is measured by the calculator firmware
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
|
|
at a cold- or at a warmstart and stored in the =CSPEED variable. The
|
|
|
|
|
content of this calculator variable has direct influence on the
|
|
|
|
|
resulting frequency and duration. On the emulator the HP48SX CPU
|
|
|
|
|
strobe frequency is set by the registry key
|
|
|
|
|
<i>HKCU\Software\Emu48\Emulator\SXCycles</i>, for all other
|
|
|
|
|
calculators at <i>HKCU\Software\Emu48\Emulator\GXCycles</i>.
|
|
|
|
|
For some reasons the CPU cycles are only estimated and so the
|
|
|
|
|
strobe frequency value in the registry is not the exact CPU strobe
|
|
|
|
|
frequency of the calculator in Hz divided by 16384 like in the
|
|
|
|
|
other emulators. Because older versions of the emulator were not
|
|
|
|
|
able to measure the CPU strobe frequency properly or the strobe
|
|
|
|
|
frequency registry content has been changed since the last
|
|
|
|
|
measurement, the =CSPEED variable of this session file may contain
|
|
|
|
|
a wrong frequency value. You easily may discover this by measuring
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
|
|
the real duration of a 10s beep. A deviance less than 1s is ok,
|
|
|
|
|
otherwise you should perform a <u style="color:red">warmstart</u>
|
|
|
|
|
of the calculator in this session file. Alternatively you may
|
|
|
|
|
execute a <a href=#ss9.6>Reset Calculator</a>. This recalls the
|
|
|
|
|
measuring routine and save the result in the speed variable. Both
|
|
|
|
|
restart variants purge the stack content!
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
|
|
<li><i>Volume</i>
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
|
|
<p>The output volume can be set with the Volume slider relative to
|
|
|
|
|
the Windows Master Volume control.
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
|
|
</p></li>
|
|
|
|
|
<li><i>Device</i>
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
|
|
<p>By default the sound device is set to "Standard Audio",
|
|
|
|
|
but you can also manually choose the output device. When you change
|
|
|
|
|
the Standard Audio device in the Operating System settings dialog,
|
|
|
|
|
the internal device numbering may change, and so the manually selected
|
|
|
|
|
audio device.</p></li>
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
|
<h4>8.6.3.2 Section Infrared Printer</h4>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>The emulator has the ability to print data to a HP82240A/B printer
|
|
|
|
|
simulation. The data transfer to the printer simulator is done over UDP.
|
|
|
|
|
In this section you can the define the IPv4 address and the port the
|
|
|
|
|
printer simulator is listening. A suitable HP82240B printer simulation can
|
2024-03-19 23:35:31 +01:00
|
|
|
be found <a href="https://hp.giesselink.com/hp82240b.htm">here</a>.</p>
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
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<h4>8.6.3.3 Section Serial Ports</h4>
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<ul>
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<li><i>Wire</i>
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<p>In the Wire combo box you can select the COM port device connected
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to the wire port of the calculator.</p></li>
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<li><i>Ir</i>
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<p>In the Ir combo box you can select the COM port device connected
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to the IR port of the calculator. Please remember that the IR port
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only work with 2400 baud.</p></li>
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</ul>
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<h2><a name=ss8.7>8.7 Exit</a></h2>
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<p>Quit emulation. The default actions at finishing are defined in the
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<a href=#ss8.6>Settings</a> dialog. If the current session is
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"Untitled" you are asked for a session file name using the
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<a href="#ss8.4">Save As...</a> dialog. If you quit the emulator
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without a given filename, you're asked for choosing a KML script at
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next startup.</p>
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<h1><a name=s9>9. Edit Menu</a></h1>
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<h2><a name=ss9.1>9.1 Load Object...</a></h2>
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<p>This is only valid for the HP48SX, HP48GX and the HP49G emulation.
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You can load HP48 and HP49G binary objects to stack level 1. Therefore
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the object must begin with "HPHP48-x" for a HP48 or with
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"HPHP49-x" for a HP49G binary object where x can be any
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alphanumeric character. If the binary header isn't present, the object
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is loaded as string. Dropping HP objects over the emulator window will
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also load objects. Be sure that the emulator isn't busy before doing
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this.</p>
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<h2><a name=ss9.2>9.2 Save Object...</a></h2>
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<p>This is only valid for the HP48SX, HP48GX and the HP49G emulation.
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Save the current object in stack level 1 as binary object to disk.</p>
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<h2><a name=ss9.3>9.3 Copy Screen</a></h2>
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<p>Copy the screen content as bitmap to the clipboard.</p>
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<h2><a name=ss9.4>9.4 Copy Stack</a></h2>
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2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
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<p>This menu item is enabled for the HP48SX, HP48GX and the HP49G
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emulation.</p>
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
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<p>Copy a "Real Number", "Complex Number" or
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"String" object in stack level 1 to the clipboard. On all
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other objects, the command will be ignored. This prevents sending
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binary objects to the clipboard.</p>
|
2024-10-25 09:32:01 +02:00
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|
<p>The decimal point of "Real Numbers" in the clipboard is
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equal to the calculator setting. This is important when you try to
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paste the numbers into a program using the locale settings of the host
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|
operating system.</p>
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
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<h2><a name=ss9.5>9.5 Paste Stack</a></h2>
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
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|
<p>This menu item is enabled for the HP48SX, HP48GX and the HP49G
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|
emulation.</p>
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
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<p>Paste the text field content of the clipboard to stack level 1 of
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the emulated calculator. If the clipboard content is representing a
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real number, the number will be saved as "Real Number"
|
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|
object. Is the content a complex number object, the number will be
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
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saved as "Complex Number" object, otherwise cases as
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
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|
"String" object.</p>
|
2024-10-25 09:32:01 +02:00
|
|
|
<p>To import "Real Numbers" from the clipboard, the decimal
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point character of the clipboard and calculator <u>must not match</u> any
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more. There's an auto detection for decoding the thousands separator and
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decimal point character. The thousands separator is removed at decoding.
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A real number is detected in the case of valid real number characters in
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the clipboard.</p>
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<p>"Complex Numbers" must be in the form <i>(a,b)</i> when
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|
using the decimal point or in the form <i>(a;b)</i> when using the decimal
|
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|
comma. Using a thousands separator is not allowed in complex number
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|
strings because in decimal point mode, the comma is used as separator
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|
between real and imaginary part of the number. The Cartesian or algebraic
|
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|
form <i>a+bi</i> is not supported.</p>
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
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|
<h2><a name=ss9.6>9.6 Reset Calculator</a></h2>
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
|
|
<p>This emulates the Reset pin of the internal CPU.</p>
|
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|
<h2><a name=ss9.7>9.7 Backup</a></h2>
|
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|
<h3><a name=ss9.7.1>9.7.1 Backup Save</a></h3>
|
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|
<p>This saves the current emulator status into a backup slot. If the
|
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|
|
backup slot already contain data, it will be overwritten.</p>
|
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|
|
<h3><a name=ss9.7.2>9.7.2 Backup Restore</a></h3>
|
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|
|
<p>This restores a previous saved emulator status without request. If you
|
|
|
|
|
changed the calculator model meanwhile, the emulator will switch back to
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
|
|
the model used in the backup.</p>
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
|
|
<h3><a name=ss9.7.3>9.7.3 Backup Delete</a></h3>
|
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|
<p>This deletes the data in the backup slot.</p>
|
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|
<h1><a name=s10>10. View Menu</a></h1>
|
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|
|
<h2><a name=ss10.1>10.1 Change KML Script...</a></h2>
|
|
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|
|
<p>This allows you to change the skin of the current emulated calculator.
|
|
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|
|
In opposite to the New... command you see only scripts emulating the same
|
|
|
|
|
calculator model.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<h1><a name=s11>11. Tools Menu</a></h1>
|
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|
|
<h2><a name=ss11.1>11.1 Disassembler...</a></h2>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>This is a simple disassembler.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>Enter the address to disassemble in hexadecimal into the "Address
|
|
|
|
|
(HEX)" field and press <Return>. With the "Next Address"
|
|
|
|
|
button the next opcode is disassembled. With the "Copy Data" button
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
|
|
you can copy all selected lines from the list box to the clipboard.</p>
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
|
|
<h2><a name=ss11.2>11.2 Debugger...</a></h2>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>The assembler code debugger of the emulator. For more details refer to the
|
|
|
|
|
extra documentation of the debugger please.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<h2><a name=ss11.3>11.3 Macro</a></h2>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>The keyboard macro recorder unit.</p>
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
|
|
<h3><a name=ss11.3.1>11.3.1 Macro Record...</a></h3>
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
|
|
<p>Prompts a dialog to enter the macro file for the data to record. After
|
|
|
|
|
accepting the confirm message, every key event is recorded into the macro
|
|
|
|
|
file with it's time information.</p>
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
|
|
<h3><a name=ss11.3.2>11.3.2 Macro Play...</a></h3>
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
|
|
<p>Prompts a dialog box to ask for the keyboard macro file to play. The
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
|
|
replay starts immediately after opening the selected file.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<h3><a name=ss11.3.3>11.3.3 Macro Stop</a></h3>
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
|
|
<p>Stops recording or replaying a keyboard macro file.</p>
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
|
|
<h3><a name=ss11.3.4>11.3.4 Macro Settings...</a></h3>
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
|
|
<p>Settings for the Macro Replay mode</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
|
|
<li><i>Real</i>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>Replay macro with the original recording speed.</p></li>
|
|
|
|
|
<li><i>Manual</i>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>Replay macro with the speed set by the speed slider.</p></li>
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
|
<h1><a name=s12>12. Help Menu</a></h1>
|
|
|
|
|
<h2><a name=ss12.1>12.1 Help Topics</a></h2>
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
|
|
<p>Show this document.</p>
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
|
|
<h2><a name=ss12.2>12.2 About Emu48...</a></h2>
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
|
|
<p>Show the version, copyright and license message...</p>
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
|
|
<h1><a name=s13>13. DDE Server</a></h1>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>Emu48 has an integrated DDE server to transmit data from and to the HP
|
|
|
|
|
stack. Because only the HP48 and HP49 have a stack, all DDE transfers
|
|
|
|
|
are ignored on the other calculators. You have the same restrictions like
|
|
|
|
|
with the commands "Load object..." and "Save
|
|
|
|
|
Object...", that a running program may corrupt memory. In difference
|
|
|
|
|
you can choose the stack level for the transfer in the DDE item field.
|
|
|
|
|
Take care to transmit data only after the acknowledge of the last DDE
|
|
|
|
|
transaction.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>Technical data:</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="651" summary="DDE settings">
|
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="111">Servicename:</td>
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="536">Emu48</td>
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="111">Topicname:</td>
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="536">Stack</td>
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="111">Item:</td>
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="536">1 (stack level)</td>
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="111">Clipboardformat:</td>
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="536">"CF_HPOBJ" (user defined)</td>
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>The DDE commands CONNECT, POKE and REQUEST are supported.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>The structure of the clipboard format "CF_HPOBJ":</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" summary="CF_HPOBJ format">
|
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="34%">4 Byte (length of object, LSB first)</td>
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="66%" align="center">HP object (normal HP object)</td>
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
<h1><a name=s14>14. License</a></h1>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>Emu48 - A HP38G/39G/40G/48SX/48GX/49G Emulator<br>
|
2024-10-25 09:32:01 +02:00
|
|
|
Copyright (C) 2024 Christoph Gießelink</p>
|
2024-03-19 23:35:30 +01:00
|
|
|
<p>This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
|
|
|
|
|
under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
|
|
|
|
|
Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option)
|
|
|
|
|
any later version.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
|
|
|
|
|
WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
|
|
|
|
|
or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
|
|
|
|
|
for more details.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
|
|
|
|
|
with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
|
|
|
|
|
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
</body>
|
|
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|
|
</html>
|
