rpn/README.md
2017-05-28 23:20:59 +02:00

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# **rpn** - **R**everse **P**olish **N**otation language
**rpn**
- is a **math-oriented language** inspired by Hewlett-Packard **R**everse **P**olish **L**isp (**HP28S** user manual is provided as a reference), it includes at least **stack**, **store**, **branch**, **test**, **trig** and **logs** commands
- is implemented as a a **command-line calculator** for GNU/Linux
- brings powerfull calculation facilities on floating point numbers with __arbitrary precision__, provided by **GNU MPFR** library
- uses that so cool **reverse polish notation**
Quick examples:
- easy calculation with **stacked results**
```
rpn> 1 exp 3 *
8.1548454853771357061
rpn> 2 sqrt
2> 8.1548454853771357061
1> 1.4142135623730950488
rpn>
```
- **programs** and **variables**, eg same example as in HP28S Quick Reference:
```
rpn> << rot * swap 2 / chs dup sq rot - sqrt >> 'quadratic_solution' sto
rpn> 1 2 -3 quadratic_solution
2> -1
1> 2
rpn> vars
var 1: name 'quadratic_solution', type program, value << rot * swap 2 / chs dup sq rot - sqrt >>
```
- **local variables**, always from the same reference:
```
rpn> << -> x y << x y + ln >> >> 'P' sto
rpn> 1 2 P
rpn> 1.0986122886681096914
```
- **arbitrary precision** (up to 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF bits with GNU MPFR !)
```
rpn> 256 prec 200 std
rpn> pi 3 * 4 / cos
-0.70710678118654752440084436210484903928483593768847403658833986899536623923105962592591087473479525356117497671223960240783675485777817360566073272153486395308799122357513534343724299243077135552002446
rpn>
```
- Following objects are managed: **floating numbers**, **symbols**, **strings**, **programs**, plus language **keywords** (commands and flow controls)
```
4> 'symbol'
3> "string"
2> 12.3456
1> << -> n << 0 1 n for i i 2 * inv + next >> >>
rpn>
```
- A __GNU-readline__-based interactive editor with autocompletion is provided.
## keywords
#### general
|keyword|description|
|-|-|
|nop | no operation |
|help | (or h or ?) this help message
|quit | (or q or exit) quit software
|version | show rpn version
|uname | show rpn complete identification string
|type | show type of stack first entry
|default | set float representation and precision to default
|prec | get float precision in bits when first stack is not a number, set float precision in bits when first stack entry is a number. ex: ```256 prec```
|round| set float rounding mode. Authoerized values are: ```["nearest", "toward zero", "toward +inf", "toward -inf", "away from zero"] round```. ex: ```"nearest" round```
#### real
|keyword|description|
|-|-|
|+| addition
|-| substraction
|neg| negation
|*| multiplication
|/| division
|inv| inverse
|%| purcent
|%|CH inverse purcent
|^| (or pow) power
|sqrt| square root
|sq| (or sqr) square
|mod| modulo
|abs| absolute value
#### real representation
|keyword|description|
|-|-|
|dec| decimal representation
|hex| hexadecimal representation
|bin| binary representation
|std| standard floating numbers representation. ex: [25] std
|fix| fixed point representation. ex: 6 fix
|sci| scientific floating point representation. ex: 20 sci
#### test
|keyword|description|
|-|-|
|>| binary operator >
|>=| binary operator >=
|<| binary operator <
|<=| binary operator <=
|!=| binary operator != (different)
|==| binary operator == (equal)
|and| boolean operator and
|or| boolean operator or
|xor| boolean operator xor
|not| boolean operator not
|same| boolean operator same (equal)
#### stack
|keyword|description|
|-|-|
|swap| swap 2 first stack entries
|drop| drop first stack entry
|drop2| drop 2 first stack entries
|dropn| drop n first stack entries
|erase| drop all stack entries
|rot| rotate 3 first stack entries
|dup| duplicate first stack entry
|dup2| duplicate 2 first stack entries
|dupn| duplicate n first stack entries
|pick| push a copy of the given stack level onto the stack
|depth| give stack depth
|roll| move a stack entry to the top of the stack
|rolld| move the element on top of the stack to a higher stack position
|over| push a copy of the element in stack level 2 onto the stack
#### string
|keyword|description|
|-|-|
|->str| convert an object into a string
|str->| convert a string into an object
#### branch
|keyword|description|
|-|-|
|if| test-instructions
|then| true-instructions
|else| false-instructions
|end| (end of if structure)
|start| repeat instructions several times
|for| repeat instructions several times with variable
|next| ex: ```1 10 start <instructions> next```
|step| ex: ```1 100 start <instructions> 4 step```
#### store
|keyword|description|
|-|-|
|sto| store a variable. ex: ```1 'name' sto```
|rcl| recall a variable. ex: ```'name' rcl```
|purge| delete a variable. ex: ```'name' purge```
|vars| list all variables
|edit| edit a variable content
#### program
|keyword|description|
|-|-|
|eval| evaluate (run) a program, or recall a variable. ex: ```'my_prog' eval```
|->| load program local variables. ex: ```<< -> n m << 0 n m for i i + next >> >>```
#### trig
|keyword|description|
|-|-|
|pi| pi constant
|sin| sinus
|asin| arg sinus
|cos| cosinus
|acos| arg cosinus
|tan| tangent
|atan| arg tangent
|d|->r convert degrees to radians
|r|->d convert radians to degrees
#### logs
|keyword|description|
|-|-|
|e| exp(1) constant
|log| logarithm base 10
|alog| (or exp10) exponential base 10
|log2| logarithm base 2
|alog2| (or exp2) exponential base 2
|ln| logarithm base e
|exp| exponential
|sinh| hyperbolic sine
|asinh| inverse hyperbolic sine
|cosh| hyperbolic cosine
|acosh| inverse hyperbolic cosine
|tanh| hyperbolic tangent
|atanh| inverse hyperbolic tangent
#### default
Default float mode is 'std' with 20 digits
Default floating point precision is 128 bits
Default rounding mode is 'nearest'
## Tests
Unit tests are given as txt files in the test subdirectory.
Use the command 'test' to run a test file, eg
```
# cd src_directory/
# rpn
rpn> "test/01-all.txt"
rpn> test
## ENTRY TEST
(...)
# real decimal PASSED
# real hex PASSED
# real binary PASSED
(...)
```
Test output is done on stdout and is not stacked in rpn.
## generation and installation
At this time the software is proposed for **GNU/Linux** only and provided as a source code.
No binary package is provided, user must compile its version by following these 3 steps:
#### GNU GMP 6.1.2
- download and install **GNU GMP v6.1.2** at [https://gmplib.org/](https://gmplib.org/)
#### GNU MPFR 3.1.5
- download and install **GNU MPFR v3.1.5** from [http://www.mpfr.org](http://www.mpfr.org)
#### rpn
- clone this project or download a zipped version from [the release directory](https://github.com/louisrubet/rpn/releases)
```
# git clone https://github.com/louisrubet/rpn.git
```
- configure and make
```
# cd rpn/
# ./configure && make
```
- install
```
# sudo make install
```