diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/1_broken_site.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/1_broken_site.yml
index 5df13ad9b..20e5e944f 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/1_broken_site.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/1_broken_site.yml
@@ -63,17 +63,26 @@ body:
       placeholder: |
         [debug] Command-line config: ['-vU', 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc']
         [debug] Encodings: locale cp65001, fs utf-8, pref cp65001, out utf-8, error utf-8, screen utf-8
-        [debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp [b634ba742] (win_exe)
-        [debug] Python 3.8.10 (CPython 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.22000-SP0
-        [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg N-106550-g072101bd52-20220410 (fdk,setts), ffprobe N-106624-g391ce570c8-20220415, phantomjs 2.1.1
-        [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.15.0, brotli-1.0.9, certifi-2022.06.15, mutagen-1.45.1, sqlite3-2.6.0, websockets-10.3
+        [debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds [1a176d874] (win_exe)
+        [debug] Python 3.10.11 (CPython AMD64 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.20348-SP0 (OpenSSL 1.1.1t  7 Feb 2023)
+        [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg 7.0.2 (setts), ffprobe 7.0.2
+        [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.21.0, brotli-1.1.0, certifi-2024.08.30, curl_cffi-0.5.10, mutagen-1.47.0, requests-2.32.3, sqlite3-3.40.1, urllib3-2.2.3, websockets-13.1
         [debug] Proxy map: {}
-        [debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests
-        [debug] Loaded 1893 extractors
-        [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds/releases/latest
+        [debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests, websockets, curl_cffi
+        [debug] Loaded 1838 extractors
+        [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest
+        Latest version: nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds
         yt-dlp is up to date (nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds)
         [youtube] Extracting URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc
         <more lines>
       render: shell
     validations:
       required: true
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        > [!CAUTION]
+        > ### GitHub is experiencing a high volume of malicious spam comments.
+        > ### If you receive any replies asking you download a file, do NOT follow the download links!
+        >
+        > Note that this issue may be temporarily locked as an anti-spam measure after it is opened.
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/2_site_support_request.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/2_site_support_request.yml
index 644c87a7e..4aeff7dc6 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/2_site_support_request.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/2_site_support_request.yml
@@ -75,17 +75,26 @@ body:
       placeholder: |
         [debug] Command-line config: ['-vU', 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc']
         [debug] Encodings: locale cp65001, fs utf-8, pref cp65001, out utf-8, error utf-8, screen utf-8
-        [debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp [b634ba742] (win_exe)
-        [debug] Python 3.8.10 (CPython 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.22000-SP0
-        [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg N-106550-g072101bd52-20220410 (fdk,setts), ffprobe N-106624-g391ce570c8-20220415, phantomjs 2.1.1
-        [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.15.0, brotli-1.0.9, certifi-2022.06.15, mutagen-1.45.1, sqlite3-2.6.0, websockets-10.3
+        [debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds [1a176d874] (win_exe)
+        [debug] Python 3.10.11 (CPython AMD64 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.20348-SP0 (OpenSSL 1.1.1t  7 Feb 2023)
+        [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg 7.0.2 (setts), ffprobe 7.0.2
+        [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.21.0, brotli-1.1.0, certifi-2024.08.30, curl_cffi-0.5.10, mutagen-1.47.0, requests-2.32.3, sqlite3-3.40.1, urllib3-2.2.3, websockets-13.1
         [debug] Proxy map: {}
-        [debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests
-        [debug] Loaded 1893 extractors
-        [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds/releases/latest
+        [debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests, websockets, curl_cffi
+        [debug] Loaded 1838 extractors
+        [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest
+        Latest version: nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds
         yt-dlp is up to date (nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds)
         [youtube] Extracting URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc
         <more lines>
       render: shell
     validations:
       required: true
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        > [!CAUTION]
+        > ### GitHub is experiencing a high volume of malicious spam comments.
+        > ### If you receive any replies asking you download a file, do NOT follow the download links!
+        >
+        > Note that this issue may be temporarily locked as an anti-spam measure after it is opened.
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/3_site_feature_request.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/3_site_feature_request.yml
index 59d0474c2..2f516ebb7 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/3_site_feature_request.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/3_site_feature_request.yml
@@ -71,17 +71,26 @@ body:
       placeholder: |
         [debug] Command-line config: ['-vU', 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc']
         [debug] Encodings: locale cp65001, fs utf-8, pref cp65001, out utf-8, error utf-8, screen utf-8
-        [debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp [b634ba742] (win_exe)
-        [debug] Python 3.8.10 (CPython 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.22000-SP0
-        [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg N-106550-g072101bd52-20220410 (fdk,setts), ffprobe N-106624-g391ce570c8-20220415, phantomjs 2.1.1
-        [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.15.0, brotli-1.0.9, certifi-2022.06.15, mutagen-1.45.1, sqlite3-2.6.0, websockets-10.3
+        [debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds [1a176d874] (win_exe)
+        [debug] Python 3.10.11 (CPython AMD64 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.20348-SP0 (OpenSSL 1.1.1t  7 Feb 2023)
+        [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg 7.0.2 (setts), ffprobe 7.0.2
+        [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.21.0, brotli-1.1.0, certifi-2024.08.30, curl_cffi-0.5.10, mutagen-1.47.0, requests-2.32.3, sqlite3-3.40.1, urllib3-2.2.3, websockets-13.1
         [debug] Proxy map: {}
-        [debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests
-        [debug] Loaded 1893 extractors
-        [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds/releases/latest
+        [debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests, websockets, curl_cffi
+        [debug] Loaded 1838 extractors
+        [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest
+        Latest version: nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds
         yt-dlp is up to date (nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds)
         [youtube] Extracting URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc
         <more lines>
       render: shell
     validations:
       required: true
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        > [!CAUTION]
+        > ### GitHub is experiencing a high volume of malicious spam comments.
+        > ### If you receive any replies asking you download a file, do NOT follow the download links!
+        >
+        > Note that this issue may be temporarily locked as an anti-spam measure after it is opened.
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/4_bug_report.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/4_bug_report.yml
index e20739673..201586e9d 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/4_bug_report.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/4_bug_report.yml
@@ -56,17 +56,26 @@ body:
       placeholder: |
         [debug] Command-line config: ['-vU', 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc']
         [debug] Encodings: locale cp65001, fs utf-8, pref cp65001, out utf-8, error utf-8, screen utf-8
-        [debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp [b634ba742] (win_exe)
-        [debug] Python 3.8.10 (CPython 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.22000-SP0
-        [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg N-106550-g072101bd52-20220410 (fdk,setts), ffprobe N-106624-g391ce570c8-20220415, phantomjs 2.1.1
-        [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.15.0, brotli-1.0.9, certifi-2022.06.15, mutagen-1.45.1, sqlite3-2.6.0, websockets-10.3
+        [debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds [1a176d874] (win_exe)
+        [debug] Python 3.10.11 (CPython AMD64 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.20348-SP0 (OpenSSL 1.1.1t  7 Feb 2023)
+        [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg 7.0.2 (setts), ffprobe 7.0.2
+        [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.21.0, brotli-1.1.0, certifi-2024.08.30, curl_cffi-0.5.10, mutagen-1.47.0, requests-2.32.3, sqlite3-3.40.1, urllib3-2.2.3, websockets-13.1
         [debug] Proxy map: {}
-        [debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests
-        [debug] Loaded 1893 extractors
-        [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds/releases/latest
+        [debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests, websockets, curl_cffi
+        [debug] Loaded 1838 extractors
+        [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest
+        Latest version: nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds
         yt-dlp is up to date (nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds)
         [youtube] Extracting URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc
         <more lines>
       render: shell
     validations:
       required: true
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        > [!CAUTION]
+        > ### GitHub is experiencing a high volume of malicious spam comments.
+        > ### If you receive any replies asking you download a file, do NOT follow the download links!
+        >
+        > Note that this issue may be temporarily locked as an anti-spam measure after it is opened.
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/5_feature_request.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/5_feature_request.yml
index e06db9ccf..765de86a2 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/5_feature_request.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/5_feature_request.yml
@@ -52,15 +52,24 @@ body:
       placeholder: |
         [debug] Command-line config: ['-vU', 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc']
         [debug] Encodings: locale cp65001, fs utf-8, pref cp65001, out utf-8, error utf-8, screen utf-8
-        [debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp [b634ba742] (win_exe)
-        [debug] Python 3.8.10 (CPython 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.22000-SP0
-        [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg N-106550-g072101bd52-20220410 (fdk,setts), ffprobe N-106624-g391ce570c8-20220415, phantomjs 2.1.1
-        [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.15.0, brotli-1.0.9, certifi-2022.06.15, mutagen-1.45.1, sqlite3-2.6.0, websockets-10.3
+        [debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds [1a176d874] (win_exe)
+        [debug] Python 3.10.11 (CPython AMD64 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.20348-SP0 (OpenSSL 1.1.1t  7 Feb 2023)
+        [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg 7.0.2 (setts), ffprobe 7.0.2
+        [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.21.0, brotli-1.1.0, certifi-2024.08.30, curl_cffi-0.5.10, mutagen-1.47.0, requests-2.32.3, sqlite3-3.40.1, urllib3-2.2.3, websockets-13.1
         [debug] Proxy map: {}
-        [debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests
-        [debug] Loaded 1893 extractors
-        [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds/releases/latest
+        [debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests, websockets, curl_cffi
+        [debug] Loaded 1838 extractors
+        [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest
+        Latest version: nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds
         yt-dlp is up to date (nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds)
         [youtube] Extracting URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc
         <more lines>
       render: shell
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        > [!CAUTION]
+        > ### GitHub is experiencing a high volume of malicious spam comments.
+        > ### If you receive any replies asking you download a file, do NOT follow the download links!
+        >
+        > Note that this issue may be temporarily locked as an anti-spam measure after it is opened.
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/6_question.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/6_question.yml
index 571223a9c..198e21bec 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/6_question.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/6_question.yml
@@ -58,15 +58,24 @@ body:
       placeholder: |
         [debug] Command-line config: ['-vU', 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc']
         [debug] Encodings: locale cp65001, fs utf-8, pref cp65001, out utf-8, error utf-8, screen utf-8
-        [debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp [b634ba742] (win_exe)
-        [debug] Python 3.8.10 (CPython 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.22000-SP0
-        [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg N-106550-g072101bd52-20220410 (fdk,setts), ffprobe N-106624-g391ce570c8-20220415, phantomjs 2.1.1
-        [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.15.0, brotli-1.0.9, certifi-2022.06.15, mutagen-1.45.1, sqlite3-2.6.0, websockets-10.3
+        [debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds [1a176d874] (win_exe)
+        [debug] Python 3.10.11 (CPython AMD64 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.20348-SP0 (OpenSSL 1.1.1t  7 Feb 2023)
+        [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg 7.0.2 (setts), ffprobe 7.0.2
+        [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.21.0, brotli-1.1.0, certifi-2024.08.30, curl_cffi-0.5.10, mutagen-1.47.0, requests-2.32.3, sqlite3-3.40.1, urllib3-2.2.3, websockets-13.1
         [debug] Proxy map: {}
-        [debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests
-        [debug] Loaded 1893 extractors
-        [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds/releases/latest
+        [debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests, websockets, curl_cffi
+        [debug] Loaded 1838 extractors
+        [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest
+        Latest version: nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds
         yt-dlp is up to date (nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds)
         [youtube] Extracting URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc
         <more lines>
       render: shell
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        > [!CAUTION]
+        > ### GitHub is experiencing a high volume of malicious spam comments.
+        > ### If you receive any replies asking you download a file, do NOT follow the download links!
+        >
+        > Note that this issue may be temporarily locked as an anti-spam measure after it is opened.
diff --git a/.github/workflows/build.yml b/.github/workflows/build.yml
index 12ec5b0d8..a211ae165 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build.yml
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ on:
         default: true
         type: boolean
       windows:
-        description: yt-dlp.exe, yt-dlp_min.exe, yt-dlp_win.zip
+        description: yt-dlp.exe, yt-dlp_win.zip
         default: true
         type: boolean
       windows32:
@@ -199,22 +199,24 @@ jobs:
             GITHUB_WORKFLOW: build
           githubToken: ${{ github.token }} # To cache image
           arch: ${{ matrix.architecture }}
-          distro: ubuntu18.04 # Standalone executable should be built on minimum supported OS
+          distro: ubuntu20.04 # Standalone executable should be built on minimum supported OS
           dockerRunArgs: --volume "${PWD}/repo:/repo"
           install: | # Installing Python 3.10 from the Deadsnakes repo raises errors
             apt update
-            apt -y install zlib1g-dev libffi-dev python3.8 python3.8-dev python3.8-distutils python3-pip
-            python3.8 -m pip install -U pip setuptools wheel
-            # Cannot access any files from the repo directory at this stage
-            python3.8 -m pip install -U Pyinstaller mutagen pycryptodomex websockets brotli certifi secretstorage cffi
+            apt -y install zlib1g-dev libffi-dev python3.9 python3.9-dev python3.9-distutils python3-pip \
+              python3-secretstorage  # Cannot build cryptography wheel in virtual armv7 environment
+            python3.9 -m pip install -U pip wheel 'setuptools>=71.0.2'
+            # XXX: Keep this in sync with pyproject.toml (it can't be accessed at this stage) and exclude secretstorage
+            python3.9 -m pip install -U Pyinstaller mutagen pycryptodomex brotli certifi cffi \
+              'requests>=2.32.2,<3' 'urllib3>=1.26.17,<3' 'websockets>=13.0'
 
           run: |
             cd repo
-            python3.8 devscripts/install_deps.py -o --include build
-            python3.8 devscripts/install_deps.py --include pyinstaller --include secretstorage  # Cached version may be out of date
-            python3.8 devscripts/update-version.py -c "${{ inputs.channel }}" -r "${{ needs.process.outputs.origin }}" "${{ inputs.version }}"
-            python3.8 devscripts/make_lazy_extractors.py
-            python3.8 -m bundle.pyinstaller
+            python3.9 devscripts/install_deps.py -o --include build
+            python3.9 devscripts/install_deps.py --include pyinstaller  # Cached versions may be out of date
+            python3.9 devscripts/update-version.py -c "${{ inputs.channel }}" -r "${{ needs.process.outputs.origin }}" "${{ inputs.version }}"
+            python3.9 devscripts/make_lazy_extractors.py
+            python3.9 -m bundle.pyinstaller
 
             if ${{ vars.UPDATE_TO_VERIFICATION && 'true' || 'false' }}; then
               arch="${{ (matrix.architecture == 'armv7' && 'armv7l') || matrix.architecture }}"
@@ -240,7 +242,7 @@ jobs:
     permissions:
       contents: read
       actions: write  # For cleaning up cache
-    runs-on: macos-12
+    runs-on: macos-13
 
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
@@ -266,7 +268,7 @@ jobs:
           # We need to ignore wheels otherwise we break universal2 builds
           python3 -m pip install -U --no-binary :all: -r requirements.txt
           # We need to fuse our own universal2 wheels for curl_cffi
-          python3 -m pip install -U delocate
+          python3 -m pip install -U 'delocate==0.11.0'
           mkdir curl_cffi_whls curl_cffi_universal2
           python3 devscripts/install_deps.py --print -o --include curl-cffi > requirements.txt
           for platform in "macosx_11_0_arm64" "macosx_11_0_x86_64"; do
@@ -346,7 +348,7 @@ jobs:
   macos_legacy:
     needs: process
     if: inputs.macos_legacy
-    runs-on: macos-12
+    runs-on: macos-13
 
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
@@ -403,13 +405,13 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
-        with: # 3.8 is used for Win7 support
-          python-version: "3.8"
+        with:
+          python-version: "3.10"
       - name: Install Requirements
         run: | # Custom pyinstaller built with https://github.com/yt-dlp/pyinstaller-builds
           python devscripts/install_deps.py -o --include build
           python devscripts/install_deps.py --include curl-cffi
-          python -m pip install -U "https://yt-dlp.github.io/Pyinstaller-Builds/x86_64/pyinstaller-6.7.0-py3-none-any.whl"
+          python -m pip install -U "https://yt-dlp.github.io/Pyinstaller-Builds/x86_64/pyinstaller-6.11.1-py3-none-any.whl"
 
       - name: Prepare
         run: |
@@ -419,22 +421,12 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           python -m bundle.pyinstaller
           python -m bundle.pyinstaller --onedir
-          Move-Item ./dist/yt-dlp.exe ./dist/yt-dlp_real.exe
           Compress-Archive -Path ./dist/yt-dlp/* -DestinationPath ./dist/yt-dlp_win.zip
 
-      - name: Install Requirements (py2exe)
-        run: |
-          python devscripts/install_deps.py --include py2exe
-      - name: Build (py2exe)
-        run: |
-          python -m bundle.py2exe
-          Move-Item ./dist/yt-dlp.exe ./dist/yt-dlp_min.exe
-          Move-Item ./dist/yt-dlp_real.exe ./dist/yt-dlp.exe
-
       - name: Verify --update-to
         if: vars.UPDATE_TO_VERIFICATION
         run: |
-          foreach ($name in @("yt-dlp","yt-dlp_min")) {
+          foreach ($name in @("yt-dlp")) {
             Copy-Item "./dist/${name}.exe" "./dist/${name}_downgraded.exe"
             $version = & "./dist/${name}.exe" --version
             & "./dist/${name}_downgraded.exe" -v --update-to yt-dlp/yt-dlp@2023.03.04
@@ -450,7 +442,6 @@ jobs:
           name: build-bin-${{ github.job }}
           path: |
             dist/yt-dlp.exe
-            dist/yt-dlp_min.exe
             dist/yt-dlp_win.zip
           compression-level: 0
 
@@ -463,13 +454,13 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
         with:
-          python-version: "3.8"
+          python-version: "3.10"
           architecture: "x86"
       - name: Install Requirements
         run: |
           python devscripts/install_deps.py -o --include build
           python devscripts/install_deps.py
-          python -m pip install -U "https://yt-dlp.github.io/Pyinstaller-Builds/i686/pyinstaller-6.7.0-py3-none-any.whl"
+          python -m pip install -U "https://yt-dlp.github.io/Pyinstaller-Builds/i686/pyinstaller-6.11.1-py3-none-any.whl"
 
       - name: Prepare
         run: |
@@ -513,7 +504,8 @@ jobs:
       - windows32
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+      - name: Download artifacts
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
         with:
           path: artifact
           pattern: build-bin-*
@@ -537,13 +529,29 @@ jobs:
           lock 2022.08.18.36 .+ Python 3\.6
           lock 2023.11.16 (?!win_x86_exe).+ Python 3\.7
           lock 2023.11.16 win_x86_exe .+ Windows-(?:Vista|2008Server)
+          lock 2024.10.22 py2exe .+
+          lock 2024.10.22 linux_(?:armv7l|aarch64)_exe .+-glibc2\.(?:[12]?\d|30)\b
+          lock 2024.10.22 (?!\w+_exe).+ Python 3\.8
+          lock 2024.10.22 win(?:_x86)?_exe Python 3\.[78].+ Windows-(?:7-|2008ServerR2)
           lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2022.08.18.36 .+ Python 3\.6
           lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2023.11.16 (?!win_x86_exe).+ Python 3\.7
           lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2023.11.16 win_x86_exe .+ Windows-(?:Vista|2008Server)
+          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2024.10.22 py2exe .+
+          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2024.10.22 linux_(?:armv7l|aarch64)_exe .+-glibc2\.(?:[12]?\d|30)\b
+          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2024.10.22 (?!\w+_exe).+ Python 3\.8
+          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2024.10.22 win(?:_x86)?_exe Python 3\.[78].+ Windows-(?:7-|2008ServerR2)
           lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds 2023.11.15.232826 (?!win_x86_exe).+ Python 3\.7
           lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds 2023.11.15.232826 win_x86_exe .+ Windows-(?:Vista|2008Server)
+          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds 2024.10.22.051025 py2exe .+
+          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds 2024.10.22.051025 linux_(?:armv7l|aarch64)_exe .+-glibc2\.(?:[12]?\d|30)\b
+          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds 2024.10.22.051025 (?!\w+_exe).+ Python 3\.8
+          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds 2024.10.22.051025 win(?:_x86)?_exe Python 3\.[78].+ Windows-(?:7-|2008ServerR2)
           lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds 2023.11.15.232812 (?!win_x86_exe).+ Python 3\.7
           lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds 2023.11.15.232812 win_x86_exe .+ Windows-(?:Vista|2008Server)
+          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds 2024.10.22.045052 py2exe .+
+          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds 2024.10.22.060347 linux_(?:armv7l|aarch64)_exe .+-glibc2\.(?:[12]?\d|30)\b
+          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds 2024.10.22.060347 (?!\w+_exe).+ Python 3\.8
+          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds 2024.10.22.060347 win(?:_x86)?_exe Python 3\.[78].+ Windows-(?:7-|2008ServerR2)
           EOF
 
       - name: Sign checksum files
diff --git a/.github/workflows/core.yml b/.github/workflows/core.yml
index fdfdebc65..9a4342a58 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/core.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/core.yml
@@ -36,16 +36,20 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         os: [ubuntu-latest]
-        # CPython 3.8 is in quick-test
-        python-version: ['3.9', '3.10', '3.11', '3.12', pypy-3.8, pypy-3.10]
+        # CPython 3.9 is in quick-test
+        python-version: ['3.10', '3.11', '3.12', '3.13', pypy-3.10]
         include:
         # atleast one of each CPython/PyPy tests must be in windows
         - os: windows-latest
-          python-version: '3.8'
+          python-version: '3.9'
+        - os: windows-latest
+          python-version: '3.10'
         - os: windows-latest
           python-version: '3.12'
         - os: windows-latest
-          python-version: pypy-3.9
+          python-version: '3.13'
+        - os: windows-latest
+          python-version: pypy-3.10
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v4
     - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
@@ -55,7 +59,8 @@ jobs:
     - name: Install test requirements
       run: python3 ./devscripts/install_deps.py --include test --include curl-cffi
     - name: Run tests
+      timeout-minutes: 15
       continue-on-error: False
       run: |
         python3 -m yt_dlp -v || true  # Print debug head
-        python3 ./devscripts/run_tests.py core
+        python3 ./devscripts/run_tests.py --pytest-args '--reruns 2 --reruns-delay 3.0' core
diff --git a/.github/workflows/download.yml b/.github/workflows/download.yml
index 7256804d9..6849fba9b 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/download.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/download.yml
@@ -28,13 +28,13 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: true
       matrix:
         os: [ubuntu-latest]
-        python-version: ['3.10', '3.11', '3.12', pypy-3.8, pypy-3.10]
+        python-version: ['3.10', '3.11', '3.12', '3.13', pypy-3.10]
         include:
         # atleast one of each CPython/PyPy tests must be in windows
         - os: windows-latest
-          python-version: '3.8'
+          python-version: '3.9'
         - os: windows-latest
-          python-version: pypy-3.9
+          python-version: pypy-3.10
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v4
     - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/issue-lockdown.yml b/.github/workflows/issue-lockdown.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4b973e2e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/issue-lockdown.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+name: Issue Lockdown
+on:
+  issues:
+    types: [opened]
+
+permissions:
+  issues: write
+
+jobs:
+  lockdown:
+    name: Issue Lockdown
+    if: vars.ISSUE_LOCKDOWN
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: "Lock new issue"
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+          ISSUE_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.issue.number }}
+          REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+        run: |
+          gh issue lock "${ISSUE_NUMBER}" -R "${REPOSITORY}"
diff --git a/.github/workflows/quick-test.yml b/.github/workflows/quick-test.yml
index 3afb51a30..1a32bbfe3 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/quick-test.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/quick-test.yml
@@ -10,16 +10,17 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-    - name: Set up Python 3.8
+    - name: Set up Python 3.9
       uses: actions/setup-python@v5
       with:
-        python-version: '3.8'
+        python-version: '3.9'
     - name: Install test requirements
-      run: python3 ./devscripts/install_deps.py --include test
+      run: python3 ./devscripts/install_deps.py -o --include test
     - name: Run tests
+      timeout-minutes: 15
       run: |
         python3 -m yt_dlp -v || true
-        python3 ./devscripts/run_tests.py core
+        python3 ./devscripts/run_tests.py --pytest-args '--reruns 2 --reruns-delay 3.0' core
   check:
     name: Code check
     if: "!contains(github.event.head_commit.message, 'ci skip all')"
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ jobs:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v4
     - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
       with:
-        python-version: '3.8'
+        python-version: '3.9'
     - name: Install dev dependencies
       run: python3 ./devscripts/install_deps.py -o --include static-analysis
     - name: Make lazy extractors
diff --git a/.github/workflows/release-master.yml b/.github/workflows/release-master.yml
index c49319b17..78445e417 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/release-master.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release-master.yml
@@ -28,3 +28,20 @@ jobs:
       actions: write  # For cleaning up cache
       id-token: write  # mandatory for trusted publishing
     secrets: inherit
+
+  publish_pypi:
+    needs: [release]
+    if: vars.MASTER_PYPI_PROJECT != ''
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      id-token: write  # mandatory for trusted publishing
+    steps:
+      - name: Download artifacts
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          path: dist
+          name: build-pypi
+      - name: Publish to PyPI
+        uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
+        with:
+          verbose: true
diff --git a/.github/workflows/release-nightly.yml b/.github/workflows/release-nightly.yml
index b536c5066..8f7284405 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/release-nightly.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release-nightly.yml
@@ -41,3 +41,20 @@ jobs:
       actions: write  # For cleaning up cache
       id-token: write  # mandatory for trusted publishing
     secrets: inherit
+
+  publish_pypi:
+    needs: [release]
+    if: vars.NIGHTLY_PYPI_PROJECT != ''
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      id-token: write  # mandatory for trusted publishing
+    steps:
+      - name: Download artifacts
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          path: dist
+          name: build-pypi
+      - name: Publish to PyPI
+        uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
+        with:
+          verbose: true
diff --git a/.github/workflows/release.yml b/.github/workflows/release.yml
index fa5ad7e51..26b93e429 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/release.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release.yml
@@ -2,10 +2,6 @@ name: Release
 on:
   workflow_call:
     inputs:
-      prerelease:
-        required: false
-        default: true
-        type: boolean
       source:
         required: false
         default: ''
@@ -18,6 +14,10 @@ on:
         required: false
         default: ''
         type: string
+      prerelease:
+        required: false
+        default: true
+        type: boolean
   workflow_dispatch:
     inputs:
       source:
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ jobs:
           git config --global user.email "41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
           git add -u
           git commit -m "Release ${{ env.version }}" \
-            -m "Created by: ${{ github.event.sender.login }}" -m ":ci skip all :ci run dl"
+            -m "Created by: ${{ github.event.sender.login }}" -m ":ci skip all"
           git push origin --force ${{ github.event.ref }}:release
 
       - name: Get target commitish
@@ -278,7 +278,17 @@ jobs:
           make clean-cache
           python -m build --no-isolation .
 
+      - name: Upload artifacts
+        if: github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch'
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: build-pypi
+          path: |
+            dist/*
+          compression-level: 0
+
       - name: Publish to PyPI
+        if: github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch'
         uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
         with:
           verbose: true
@@ -325,7 +335,7 @@ jobs:
               "(https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds/releases/latest \"Master builds\")"' || '' }} > ./RELEASE_NOTES
           printf '\n\n' >> ./RELEASE_NOTES
           cat >> ./RELEASE_NOTES << EOF
-          #### A description of the various files are in the [README](https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}#release-files)
+          #### A description of the various files is in the [README](https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}#release-files)
           ---
           $(python ./devscripts/make_changelog.py -vv --collapsible)
           EOF
diff --git a/.github/workflows/sanitize-comment.yml b/.github/workflows/sanitize-comment.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..45c87cdd4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/sanitize-comment.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+name: Sanitize comment
+
+on:
+  issue_comment:
+    types: [created, edited]
+
+permissions:
+  issues: write
+
+jobs:
+  sanitize-comment:
+    name: Sanitize comment
+    if: vars.SANITIZE_COMMENT && !github.event.issue.pull_request
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Sanitize comment
+        uses: yt-dlp/sanitize-comment@v1
diff --git a/CONTRIBUTING.md b/CONTRIBUTING.md
index dbae6476f..fd7b0f121 100644
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -37,14 +37,18 @@ Bugs and suggestions should be reported at: [yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues](https://githu
 **Please include the full output of yt-dlp when run with `-vU`**, i.e. **add** `-vU` flag to **your command line**, copy the **whole** output and post it in the issue body wrapped in \`\`\` for better formatting. It should look similar to this:
 ```
 $ yt-dlp -vU <your command line>
-[debug] Command-line config: ['-v', 'demo.com']
-[debug] Encodings: locale UTF-8, fs utf-8, out utf-8, pref UTF-8
-[debug] yt-dlp version 2021.09.25 (zip)
-[debug] Python version 3.8.10 (CPython 64bit) - Linux-5.4.0-74-generic-x86_64-with-glibc2.29
-[debug] exe versions: ffmpeg 4.2.4, ffprobe 4.2.4
+[debug] Command-line config: ['-vU', 'https://www.example.com/']
+[debug] Encodings: locale cp65001, fs utf-8, pref cp65001, out utf-8, error utf-8, screen utf-8
+[debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds [1a176d874] (win_exe)
+[debug] Python 3.10.11 (CPython AMD64 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.20348-SP0 (OpenSSL 1.1.1t  7 Feb 2023)
+[debug] exe versions: ffmpeg 7.0.2 (setts), ffprobe 7.0.2
+[debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.21.0, brotli-1.1.0, certifi-2024.08.30, curl_cffi-0.5.10, mutagen-1.47.0, requests-2.32.3, sqlite3-3.40.1, urllib3-2.2.3, websockets-13.1
 [debug] Proxy map: {}
-Current Build Hash 25cc412d1d3c0725a1f2f5b7e4682f6fb40e6d15f7024e96f7afd572e9919535
-yt-dlp is up to date (2021.09.25)
+[debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests, websockets, curl_cffi
+[debug] Loaded 1838 extractors
+[debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest
+Latest version: nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds
+yt-dlp is up to date (nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds)
 ...
 ```
 **Do not post screenshots of verbose logs; only plain text is acceptable.**
@@ -233,7 +237,7 @@ After you have ensured this site is distributing its content legally, you can fo
                 # * MD5 checksum; start the string with 'md5:', e.g.
                 #     'description': 'md5:098f6bcd4621d373cade4e832627b4f6',
                 # * A regular expression; start the string with 're:', e.g.
-                #     'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
+                #     'thumbnail': r're:https?://.*\.jpg$',
                 # * A count of elements in a list; start the string with 'count:', e.g.
                 #     'tags': 'count:10',
                 # * Any Python type, e.g.
@@ -268,7 +272,7 @@ After you have ensured this site is distributing its content legally, you can fo
 
     You can use `hatch fmt` to automatically fix problems. Rules that the linter/formatter enforces should not be disabled with `# noqa` unless a maintainer requests it. The only exception allowed is for old/printf-style string formatting in GraphQL query templates (use `# noqa: UP031`).
 
-1. Make sure your code works under all [Python](https://www.python.org/) versions supported by yt-dlp, namely CPython and PyPy for Python 3.8 and above. Backward compatibility is not required for even older versions of Python.
+1. Make sure your code works under all [Python](https://www.python.org/) versions supported by yt-dlp, namely CPython >=3.9 and PyPy >=3.10. Backward compatibility is not required for even older versions of Python.
 1. When the tests pass, [add](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-add) the new files, [commit](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-commit) them and [push](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-push) the result, like this:
 
     ```shell
@@ -302,10 +306,9 @@ Extractors are very fragile by nature since they depend on the layout of the sou
 For extraction to work yt-dlp relies on metadata your extractor extracts and provides to yt-dlp expressed by an [information dictionary](yt_dlp/extractor/common.py#L119-L440) or simply *info dict*. Only the following meta fields in the *info dict* are considered mandatory for a successful extraction process by yt-dlp:
 
  - `id` (media identifier)
- - `title` (media title)
  - `url` (media download URL) or `formats`
 
-The aforementioned metafields are the critical data that the extraction does not make any sense without and if any of them fail to be extracted then the extractor is considered completely broken. While all extractors must return a `title`, they must also allow it's extraction to be non-fatal.
+The aforementioned metadata fields are the critical data without which extraction does not make any sense. If any of them fail to be extracted, then the extractor is considered broken. All other metadata extraction should be completely non-fatal.
 
 For pornographic sites, appropriate `age_limit` must also be returned.
 
diff --git a/CONTRIBUTORS b/CONTRIBUTORS
index 2180ecfe2..240197e8a 100644
--- a/CONTRIBUTORS
+++ b/CONTRIBUTORS
@@ -655,3 +655,59 @@ iancmy
 mokrueger
 luvyana
 szantnerb
+hugepower
+scribblemaniac
+Codenade
+Demon000
+Deukhoofd
+grqz
+hibes
+Khaoklong51
+kieraneglin
+lengzuo
+naglis
+ndyanx
+otovalek
+quad
+rakslice
+sahilsinghss73
+tony-hn
+xingchensong
+BallzCrasher
+coreywright
+eric321
+poyhen
+tetra-fox
+444995
+63427083
+allendema
+DarkZeros
+DTrombett
+imranh2
+KarboniteKream
+mikkovedru
+pktiuk
+rubyevadestaxes
+avagordon01
+CounterPillow
+JoseAngelB
+KBelmin
+kesor
+MellowKyler
+Wesley107772
+a13ssandr0
+ChocoLZS
+doe1080
+hugovdev
+jshumphrey
+julionc
+manavchaudhary1
+powergold1
+Sakura286
+SamDecrock
+stratus-ss
+subrat-lima
+gitninja1234
+jkruse
+xiaomac
+wesson09
diff --git a/Changelog.md b/Changelog.md
index 73bf828a6..9dc905309 100644
--- a/Changelog.md
+++ b/Changelog.md
@@ -4,6 +4,346 @@
 # To create a release, dispatch the https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/actions/workflows/release.yml workflow on master
 -->
 
+### 2024.12.06
+
+#### Core changes
+- **cookies**: [Add `--cookies-from-browser` support for MS Store Firefox](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/354cb4026cf2191e1a130ec2a627b95cabfbc60a) ([#11731](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11731)) by [wesson09](https://github.com/wesson09)
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- **bilibili**: [Fix HD formats extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/fca3eb5f8be08d5fab2e18b45b7281a12e566725) ([#11734](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11734)) by [grqz](https://github.com/grqz)
+- **soundcloud**: [Fix formats extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/2feb28028ee48f2185d2d95076e62accb09b9e2e) ([#11742](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11742)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **youtube**
+    - [Fix `n` sig extraction for player `3bb1f723`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a95ee6d8803fca9157adecf63732ab58bf87fd88) ([#11750](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11750)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly) (With fixes in [4bd2655](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4bd2655398aed450456197a6767639114a24eac2))
+    - [Fix signature function extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4c85ccd1366c88cf93982f8350f58eed17355981) ([#11751](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11751)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Player client maintenance](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/2e49c789d3eebc39af8910705d65a98bca0e4c4f) ([#11724](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11724)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+
+### 2024.12.03
+
+#### Core changes
+- [Add `playlist_webpage_url` field](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7d6c259a03bc4707a319e5e8c6eff0278707874b) ([#11613](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11613)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- [Handle fragmented formats in `_remove_duplicate_formats`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e0500cbf796323551bbabe5b8ed8c75a511ba47a) ([#11637](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11637)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- **bilibili**
+    - [Always try to extract HD formats](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/dc1687648077c5bf64863b307ecc5ab7e029bd8d) ([#10559](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10559)) by [grqz](https://github.com/grqz)
+    - [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/239f5f36fe04603bec59c8b975f6a792f10246db) ([#11667](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11667)) by [grqz](https://github.com/grqz) (With fixes in [f05a1cd](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f05a1cd1492fc98dc8d80d2081d632a1879913d2) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [grqz](https://github.com/grqz))
+    - [Fix subtitles and chapters extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a13a336aa6f906812701abec8101b73b73db8ff7) ([#11708](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11708)) by [xiaomac](https://github.com/xiaomac)
+- **chaturbate**: [Fix support for non-public streams](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4b5eec0aaa7c02627f27a386591b735b90e681a8) ([#11624](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11624)) by [jkruse](https://github.com/jkruse)
+- **dacast**: [Fix HLS AES formats extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0a0d80800b9350d1a4c4b18d82cfb77ffbc3c507) ([#11644](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11644)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **dropbox**: [Fix password-protected video extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/00dcde728635633eee969ad4d498b9f233c4a94e) ([#11636](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11636)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **duoplay**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/62cba8a1bedbfc0ddde7267ae57b72bf5f7ea7b1) ([#11588](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11588)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [glensc](https://github.com/glensc)
+- **facebook**: [Support more groups URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e0f1ae813b36e783e2348ba2a1566e12f5cd8f6e) ([#11576](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11576)) by [grqz](https://github.com/grqz)
+- **instagram**: [Support `share` URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/360aed810ad85db950df586282d256516c98cd2d) ([#11677](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11677)) by [grqz](https://github.com/grqz)
+- **microsoftembed**: [Make format extraction non fatal](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/2bea7936323ca4b6f3b9b1fdd892566223e30efa) ([#11654](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11654)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **mitele**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/cd0f934604587ed793e9177f6a127e5dcf99a7dd) ([#11683](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11683)) by [DarkZeros](https://github.com/DarkZeros)
+- **stripchat**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/16336c51d0848a6868a4fa04e749fa03548b4913) ([#11596](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11596)) by [gitninja1234](https://github.com/gitninja1234)
+- **tiktok**: [Deprioritize animated thumbnails](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/910ecc422930bca14e2abe4986f5f92359e3cea8) ([#11645](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11645)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **vk**: [Fix extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c038a7b187ba24360f14134842a7a2cf897c33b1) ([#11715](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11715)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **youtube**
+    - [Adjust player clients for site changes](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0d146c1e36f467af30e87b7af651bdee67b73500) ([#11663](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11663)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - tab: [Fix playlists tab extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/fe70f20aedf528fdee332131bc9b6710e54e6f10) ([#11615](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11615)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+
+#### Networking changes
+- **Request Handler**: websockets: [Support websockets 14.0+](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c7316373c0a886f65a07a51e50ee147bb3294c85) ([#11616](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11616)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+
+#### Misc. changes
+- **cleanup**
+    - [Bump ruff to 0.8.x](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d8fb3490863653182864d2a53522f350d67a9ff8) ([#11608](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11608)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+    - Miscellaneous
+        - [ccf0a6b](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ccf0a6b86b7f68a75463804fe485ec240b8635f0) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [pzhlkj6612](https://github.com/pzhlkj6612)
+        - [2b67ac3](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/2b67ac300ac8b44368fb121637d1743cea8c5b6b) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+
+### 2024.11.18
+
+#### Important changes
+- **Login with OAuth is no longer supported for YouTube**
+Due to a change made by the site, yt-dlp is no longer able to support OAuth login for YouTube. [Read more](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11462#issuecomment-2471703090)
+
+#### Core changes
+- [Catch broken Cryptodome installations](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b83ca24eb72e1e558b0185bd73975586c0bc0546) ([#11486](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11486)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **utils**
+    - [Fix `join_nonempty`, add `**kwargs` to `unpack`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/39d79c9b9cf23411d935910685c40aa1a2fdb409) ([#11559](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11559)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+    - `subs_list_to_dict`: [Add `lang` default parameter](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c014fbcddcb4c8f79d914ac5bb526758b540ea33) ([#11508](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11508)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- [Allow `ext` override for thumbnails](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/eb64ae7d5def6df2aba74fb703e7f168fb299865) ([#11545](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11545)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **adobepass**: [Fix provider requests](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/85fdc66b6e01d19a94b4f39b58e3c0cf23600902) ([#11472](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11472)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **archive.org**: [Fix comments extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f2a4983df7a64c4e93b56f79dbd16a781bd90206) ([#11527](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11527)) by [jshumphrey](https://github.com/jshumphrey)
+- **bandlab**: [Add extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6365e92589e4bc17b8fffb0125a716d144ad2137) ([#11535](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11535)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **chaturbate**
+    - [Extract from API and support impersonation](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/720b3dc453c342bc2e8df7dbc0acaab4479de46c) ([#11555](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11555)) by [powergold1](https://github.com/powergold1) (With fixes in [7cecd29](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7cecd299e4a5ef1f0f044b2fedc26f17e41f15e3) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev))
+    - [Support alternate domains](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a9f85670d03ab993dc589f21a9ffffcad61392d5) ([#10595](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10595)) by [manavchaudhary1](https://github.com/manavchaudhary1)
+- **cloudflarestream**: [Avoid extraction via videodelivery.net](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/2db8c2e7d57a1784b06057c48e3e91023720d195) ([#11478](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11478)) by [hugovdev](https://github.com/hugovdev)
+- **ctvnews**
+    - [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f351440f1dc5b3dfbfc5737b037a869d946056fe) ([#11534](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11534)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [jshumphrey](https://github.com/jshumphrey)
+    - [Fix playlist ID extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f9d98509a898737c12977b2e2117277bada2c196) ([#8892](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8892)) by [qbnu](https://github.com/qbnu)
+- **digitalconcerthall**: [Support login with access/refresh tokens](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f7257588bdff5f0b0452635a66b253a783c97357) ([#11571](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11571)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **facebook**: [Fix formats extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/bacc31b05a04181b63100c481565256b14813a5e) ([#11513](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11513)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **gamedevtv**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/be3579aaf0c3b71a0a3195e1955415d5e4d6b3d8) ([#11368](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11368)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [stratus-ss](https://github.com/stratus-ss)
+- **goplay**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6b43a8d84b881d769b480ba6e20ec691e9d1b92d) ([#11466](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11466)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [SamDecrock](https://github.com/SamDecrock)
+- **kenh14**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/eb15fd5a32d8b35ef515f7a3d1158c03025648ff) ([#3996](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/3996)) by [krichbanana](https://github.com/krichbanana), [pzhlkj6612](https://github.com/pzhlkj6612)
+- **litv**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e079ffbda66de150c0a9ebef05e89f61bb4d5f76) ([#11071](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11071)) by [jiru](https://github.com/jiru)
+- **mixchmovie**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0ec9bfed4d4a52bfb4f8733da1acf0aeeae21e6b) ([#10897](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10897)) by [Sakura286](https://github.com/Sakura286)
+- **patreon**: [Fix comments extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/1d253b0a27110d174c40faf8fb1c999d099e0cde) ([#11530](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11530)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [jshumphrey](https://github.com/jshumphrey)
+- **pialive**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d867f99622ef7fba690b08da56c39d739b822bb7) ([#10811](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10811)) by [ChocoLZS](https://github.com/ChocoLZS)
+- **radioradicale**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/70c55cb08f780eab687e881ef42bb5c6007d290b) ([#5607](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/5607)) by [a13ssandr0](https://github.com/a13ssandr0), [pzhlkj6612](https://github.com/pzhlkj6612)
+- **reddit**: [Improve error handling](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7ea2787920cccc6b8ea30791993d114fbd564434) ([#11573](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11573)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **redgifsuser**: [Fix extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d215fba7edb69d4fa665f43663756fd260b1489f) ([#11531](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11531)) by [jshumphrey](https://github.com/jshumphrey)
+- **rutube**: [Rework extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e398217aae19bb25f91797bfbe8a3243698d7f45) ([#11480](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11480)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **sonylivseries**: [Add `sort_order` extractor-arg](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/2009cb27e17014787bf63eaa2ada51293d54f22a) ([#11569](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11569)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **soop**: [Fix thumbnail extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c699bafc5038b59c9afe8c2e69175fb66424c832) ([#11545](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11545)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **spankbang**: [Support browser impersonation](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/8388ec256f7753b02488788e3cfa771f6e1db247) ([#11542](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11542)) by [jshumphrey](https://github.com/jshumphrey)
+- **spreaker**
+    - [Support episode pages and access keys](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c39016f66df76d14284c705736ca73db8055d8de) ([#11489](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11489)) by [julionc](https://github.com/julionc)
+    - [Support podcast and feed pages](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c6737310619022248f5d0fd13872073cac168453) ([#10968](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10968)) by [subrat-lima](https://github.com/subrat-lima)
+- **youtube**
+    - [Player client maintenance](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/637d62a3a9fc723d68632c1af25c30acdadeeb85) ([#11528](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11528)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+    - [Remove broken OAuth support](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/52c0ffe40ad6e8404d93296f575007b05b04c686) ([#11558](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11558)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - tab: [Fix podcasts tab extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/37cd7660eaff397c551ee18d80507702342b0c2b) ([#11567](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11567)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+
+#### Misc. changes
+- **build**
+    - [Bump PyInstaller version pin to `>=6.11.1`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f9c8deb4e5887ff5150e911ac0452e645f988044) ([#11507](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11507)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Enable attestations for trusted publishing](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f13df591d4d7ca8e2f31b35c9c91e69ba9e9b013) ([#11420](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11420)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Pin `websockets` version to >=13.0,<14](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/240a7d43c8a67ffb86d44dc276805aa43c358dcc) ([#11488](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11488)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **cleanup**
+    - [Deprecate more compat functions](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f95a92b3d0169a784ee15a138fbe09d82b2754a1) ([#11439](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11439)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+    - [Remove dead extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/10fc719bc7f1eef469389c5219102266ef411f29) ([#11566](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11566)) by [doe1080](https://github.com/doe1080)
+    - Miscellaneous: [da252d9](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/da252d9d322af3e2178ac5eae324809502a0a862) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+
+### 2024.11.04
+
+#### Important changes
+- **Beginning with this release, yt-dlp's Python dependencies *must* be installed using the `default` group**
+If you're installing yt-dlp with pip/pipx or requiring yt-dlp in your own Python project, you'll need to specify `yt-dlp[default]` if you want to also install yt-dlp's optional dependencies (which were previously included by default). [Read more](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/11255)
+- **The minimum *required* Python version has been raised to 3.9**
+Python 3.8 reached its end-of-life on 2024.10.07, and yt-dlp has now removed support for it. As an unfortunate side effect, the official `yt-dlp.exe` and `yt-dlp_x86.exe` binaries are no longer supported on Windows 7. [Read more](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10086)
+
+#### Core changes
+- [Allow thumbnails with `.jpe` extension](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5bc5fb2835ea59bdf326bd12176d74d2c7348a95) ([#11408](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11408)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- [Expand paths in `--plugin-dirs`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/914af9a0cf51c9a3f74aa88d952bee8334c67511) ([#11334](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11334)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- [Fix `--netrc` empty string parsing for Python <=3.10](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/88402b714ec124633933737bc156b172a3dec3d6) ([#11414](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11414)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- [Populate format sorting fields before dependent fields](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5c880ef42e9c2b2fc412f6d69dad37d34fb75a62) ([#11353](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11353)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- [Prioritize AV1](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3945677a75e94a1fecc085432d791e1c21220cd3) ([#11153](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11153)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- [Remove Python 3.8 support](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d784464399b600ba9516bbcec6286f11d68974dd) ([#11321](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11321)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **aes**: [Fix GCM pad length calculation](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/beae2db127d3b5017cbcf685da9de7a9ef496541) ([#11438](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11438)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **cookies**: [Support chrome table version 24](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4613096f2e6eab9dcbac0e98b6cec760bbc99375) ([#11425](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11425)) by [kesor](https://github.com/kesor), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **utils**
+    - [Allow partial application for more functions](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b6dc2c49e8793c6dfa21275e61caf49ec1148b81) ([#11391](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11391)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K) (With fixes in [422195e](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/422195ec70a00b0d2002b238cacbae7790c57fdf) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K))
+    - [Fix `find_element` by class](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f93c16395cea1fe9ffc3c594d3e019c3b214544c) ([#11402](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11402)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Fix and improve `find_element` and `find_elements`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b103aca24d35b72b405c340357dc01a0ed534281) ([#11443](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11443)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- [Resolve `language` to ISO639-2 for ISM formats](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/21cdcf03a237a0c4979c941d5a5385cae44c7906) ([#11359](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11359)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **ardmediathek**: [Extract chapters](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/59f8dd8239c31f00b708da53b39b1e2e9409b6e6) ([#11442](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11442)) by [iw0nderhow](https://github.com/iw0nderhow)
+- **bfmtv**: [Fix extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/754940e9a558565d6bd3c0c529802569b1d0ae4e) ([#11444](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11444)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **bluesky**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5c7a5aaab27e9c3cb367b663a6136ca58866e547) ([#11055](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11055)) by [MellowKyler](https://github.com/MellowKyler), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **ccma**: [Support new 3cat.cat domain](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/330335386d4f7603d92d6796798375336005275e) ([#11222](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11222)) by [JoseAngelB](https://github.com/JoseAngelB)
+- **chzzk**: video: [Fix extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9c6534da81e485b2325b3489ee4128943e6d3e4b) ([#11228](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11228)) by [hui1601](https://github.com/hui1601)
+- **cnn**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9acf79c91a8c6c55ca972747c6858e784e2da351) ([#10185](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10185)) by [kylegustavo](https://github.com/kylegustavo), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **dailymotion**
+    - [Improve embed extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a403dcf9be20b49cbb3017328f4aaa352fb6d685) ([#10843](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10843)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [pzhlkj6612](https://github.com/pzhlkj6612)
+    - [Support shortened URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d1358231371f20fa23020fa9176be3b56119873e) ([#11374](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11374)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **facebook**: [Fix formats extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ec9b25043f399de6a591d8370d32bf0e66c117f2) ([#11343](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11343)) by [kclauhk](https://github.com/kclauhk)
+- **generic**: [Do not impersonate by default](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c29f5a7fae93a08f3cfbb6127b2faa75145b06a0) ([#11336](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11336)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **nfl**: [Fix extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/838f4385de8300a4dd4e7ffbbf0e5b7b85fb52c2) ([#11409](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11409)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **niconicouser**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6abef74232c0fc695cd803c18ae446cacb129389) ([#11324](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11324)) by [Wesley107772](https://github.com/Wesley107772)
+- **soundcloud**: [Extract artists](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f101e5d34c97c608156ad5396714c2a2edca966a) ([#11377](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11377)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **tumblr**: [Support more URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b03267bf0675eeb8df5baf1daac7cf67840c91a5) ([#6057](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6057)) by [selfisekai](https://github.com/selfisekai), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **twitter**: [Remove cookies migration workaround](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/76802f461332d444e596437c42374fa237fa5174) ([#11392](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11392)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **vimeo**: [Fix API retries](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/57212a5f97ce367590aaa5c3e9a135eead8f81f7) ([#11351](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11351)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **yle_areena**: [Support live events](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a6783a3b9905e547f6c1d4df9d7c7999feda8afa) ([#11358](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11358)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [CounterPillow](https://github.com/CounterPillow)
+- **youtube**: [Adjust OAuth refresh token handling](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d569a8845254d90ce13ad74ae76695e8d6441068) ([#11414](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11414)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+
+#### Misc. changes
+- **build**
+    - [Disable attestations for trusted publishing](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/428ffb75aa3534b275cf54de42693a4d261519da) ([#11418](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11418)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Move optional dependencies to the `default` group](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/87884f15580910e4e0fe0e1db73508debc657471) ([#11255](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11255)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Use Ubuntu 20.04 and Python 3.9 for Linux ARM builds](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/dd2e24446954246a2ec4d4a7e95531f52a14b351) ([#8638](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8638)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **cleanup**
+    - Miscellaneous
+        - [ea9e35d](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ea9e35d85fba5eab341cdcaf1eaed69b57f7e465) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+        - [c998238](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c998238c2e76c62d1d29962c6e8ebe916cc7913b) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [KBelmin](https://github.com/KBelmin)
+        - [197d0b0](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/197d0b03b6a3c8fe4fa5ace630eeffec629bf72c) by [avagordon01](https://github.com/avagordon01), [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [grqz](https://github.com/grqz), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **devscripts**: `make_changelog`: [Parse full commit message for fixes](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0a3991edae0e10f2ea41ece9fdea5e48f789f1de) ([#11366](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11366)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+
+### 2024.10.22
+
+#### Important changes
+- **Following this release, yt-dlp's Python dependencies *must* be installed using the `default` group**
+If you're installing yt-dlp with pip/pipx or requiring yt-dlp in your own Python project, you'll need to specify `yt-dlp[default]` if you want to also install yt-dlp's optional dependencies (which were previously included by default). [Read more](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/11255)
+- **py2exe is no longer supported**
+This release's `yt-dlp_min.exe` will be the last, and it's actually a PyInstaller-bundled executable so that yt-dlp users updating their py2exe build with `-U` will be automatically migrated. [Read more](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10087)
+
+#### Core changes
+- [Add extractor helpers](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d710a6ca7c622705c0c8c8a3615916f531137d5d) ([#10653](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10653)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- [Add option `--plugin-dirs`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0f593dca9fa995d88eb763170a932da61c8f24dc) ([#11277](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11277)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz), [imranh2](https://github.com/imranh2)
+- **cookies**: [Fix compatibility for Python <=3.9 in traceback](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c5f0f58efd8c3930de8202c15a5c53b1b635bd51) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- **utils**
+    - `Popen`: [Reset PyInstaller environment](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/fbc66e3ab35743cc847a21223c67d88bb463cd9c) ([#11258](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11258)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+    - `sanitize_path`: [Reimplement function](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/85b87c991af25dcb35630fa94580fd418e78ee33) ([#11198](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11198)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- **adobepass**: [Use newer user-agent for provider redirect request](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/dcfeea4dd5e5686821350baa6c7767a011944867) ([#11250](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11250)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **afreecatv**: [Adapt extractors to new sooplive.co.kr domain](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/46fe60ff19395698a87113b2944453779e04ab9d) ([#11266](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11266)) by [63427083](https://github.com/63427083), [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **cda**: [Support folders](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c4d95f67ddc522297bb1fea875255cf94b34d595) ([#10786](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10786)) by [pktiuk](https://github.com/pktiuk)
+- **cwtv**: [Fix extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9d43dcb2c5c38f443f84dfc126cd32720e1a1ad6) ([#11230](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11230)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **drtv**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f4338714241b11d9d43768ae71a25f5e952f677d) ([#11141](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11141)) by [444995](https://github.com/444995)
+- **funk**: [Extend `_VALID_URL`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/8de431ec97a4b62b73df8f686b6e21e462775336) ([#11269](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11269)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **gem.cbc.ca**: [Fix formats extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/40054cb4a7ebbea30d335d444e6f58b298a3baa0) ([#11196](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11196)) by [DavidSkrundz](https://github.com/DavidSkrundz)
+- **generic**: [Impersonate browser by default](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/edfd095b1917701c5046bd51f9542897c17d41a7) ([#11206](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11206)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- **imgur**
+    - [Fix thumbnail extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/87408ccfd772ddf31a8323d8151c24f9577cbc9f) ([#11298](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11298)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+    - [Support new URL format](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5af774d7a36c00bea618c7047c9326532cd3f616) ([#11075](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11075)) by [Deer-Spangle](https://github.com/Deer-Spangle)
+- **patreon**: campaign: [Stricter URL matching](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/babb70960595e2146f06f81affc29c7e713e34e2) ([#11235](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11235)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **reddit**: [Detect and raise when login is required](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/cba7868502f04175fecf9ab3e363296aee7ebec2) ([#11202](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11202)) by [pzhlkj6612](https://github.com/pzhlkj6612)
+- **substack**: [Resolve podcast file extensions](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3148c1822f66533998278f0a1cf842b9bea1526a) ([#11275](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11275)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **telecinco**: [Fix extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0b7ec08816fb196cd41d392f8331b4eb8366c4f8) ([#11142](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11142)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [DarkZeros](https://github.com/DarkZeros)
+- **tubitv**: [Strip extra whitespace from titles](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e68b4c19af122876561a41f2dd8093fae7b417c7) ([#10795](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10795)) by [allendema](https://github.com/allendema)
+- **tver**: [Support series URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ceaea731b6e314dbbdfb2e358d7677785ed0b4fc) ([#9507](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9507)) by [pzhlkj6612](https://github.com/pzhlkj6612), [vvto33](https://github.com/vvto33)
+- **twitter**: spaces: [Allow extraction when not logged in](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/679c68240a26481ea7c07cc0c014745631ea8481) ([#11289](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11289)) by [rubyevadestaxes](https://github.com/rubyevadestaxes)
+- **weverse**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5310fa87f6cb7f66bf42e2520878952fbf6b1652) ([#11215](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11215)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **youtube**
+    - [Fix `comment_count` extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7af1ddaaf2a6a0a750373a9ab53c7770af4f9fe4) ([#11274](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11274)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Remove broken `android_producer` client](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/fed53d70bdb7d3e37ef63dd7fcf0ef74356167fd) ([#11297](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11297)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Remove broken age-restriction workaround](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ec2f4bf0823a13043f98f5bd0bf6677837bf09dc) ([#11297](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11297)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Support logging in with OAuth](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b8635c1d4779da195e71aa281f73aaad702c935e) ([#11001](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11001)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+
+#### Misc. changes
+- **build**
+    - [Migrate `py2exe` builds to `win_exe`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a886cf3e900f4a2ec00af705f883539269545609) ([#11256](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11256)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Use `macos-13` image for macOS builds](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/64d84d75ca8c19ec06558cc7c511f5f4f7a822bc) ([#11236](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11236)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - `make_lazy_extractors`: [Force running without plugins](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/1a830394a21a81a3e9918f9e175abc9fbb21f089) ([#11205](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11205)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- **cleanup**: Miscellaneous: [67adeb7](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/67adeb7bab00662ba55d473e405b301abb42fe61) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [DTrombett](https://github.com/DTrombett), [grqz](https://github.com/grqz), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K), [KarboniteKream](https://github.com/KarboniteKream), [mikkovedru](https://github.com/mikkovedru), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **test**: [Allow running tests explicitly](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/16eb28026a2ddf5608d0a628ef15949b8d3805a9) ([#11203](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11203)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+
+### 2024.10.07
+
+#### Core changes
+- **cookies**: [Fix cookie load error handling](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e59c82a74cda5139eb3928c75b0bd45484dbe7f0) ([#11140](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11140)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- **applepodcasts**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6328e2e67a4e126e08af382e6a387073082d5c5f) ([#10903](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10903)) by [coreywright](https://github.com/coreywright)
+- **cwtv**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4b7bec66d8100978b82bb24110ed44e2a7749931) ([#11135](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11135)) by [kclauhk](https://github.com/kclauhk)
+- **instagram**
+    - [Do not hardcode user-agent](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/079a7bc334281d3c13d347770ae5f9f2b7da471a) ([#11155](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11155)) by [poyhen](https://github.com/poyhen)
+    - [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/cf85cba5d9496bd2689e1070005b4d1b4cd3dc6d) ([#11156](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11156)) by [tetra-fox](https://github.com/tetra-fox)
+- **noodlemagazine**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ccb23e1bac9768d1c70535beb744e668ed4a2720) ([#11144](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11144)) by [BallzCrasher](https://github.com/BallzCrasher)
+- **patreon**: [Extract all m3u8 formats for locked posts](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f91645aceaf13926cf35be2c1dfef61b3aab97fb) ([#11138](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11138)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **youtube**: [Change default player clients to `ios,mweb`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/de2062753a188060d76f587e45becce61fe399f9) ([#11190](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11190)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+
+#### Postprocessor changes
+- **xattrmetadata**: [Try to write each attribute](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3a193346eeb27ac2959ff30c370adb899ec94732) ([#11115](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11115)) by [eric321](https://github.com/eric321)
+
+#### Misc. changes
+- **ci**: [Rerun failed tests](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b31b81d85f00601710d4fac590c3e4efb4133283) ([#11143](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11143)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- **cleanup**: Miscellaneous: [1a176d8](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/1a176d874e6772cd898ce507379ea388e96ee3f7) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+
+### 2024.09.27
+
+#### Important changes
+- **The minimum *recommended* Python version has been raised to 3.9**
+Since Python 3.8 will reach end-of-life in October 2024, support for it will be dropped soon. [Read more](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10086)
+
+#### Core changes
+- [Allow `none` arg to negate `--convert-subs` and `--convert-thumbnails`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c08e0b20b5edd8957b8318716bc14e896d1b96f4) ([#11066](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11066)) by [kieraneglin](https://github.com/kieraneglin)
+- [Fix format sorting bug with vp9.2 vcodec](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/8f4ea14680c7865d8ffac10a9174205d1d84ada7) ([#10884](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10884)) by [rakslice](https://github.com/rakslice)
+- [Raise minimum recommended Python version to 3.9](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/cca534cd9e6850c70244f225a4a1895ef4bcdbec) ([#11098](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11098)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **cookies**: [Improve error message for Windows `--cookies-from-browser chrome` issue](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b397a64691421ace5df09457c2a764821a2dc6f2) ([#11090](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11090)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **utils**: `mimetype2ext`: [Recognize `aacp` as `aac`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/cc85596d5b59f0c14e9381b3675f619c1e12e597) ([#10860](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10860)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- [Fix JW Player format parsing](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/409f8e9e3b4bde81ef76fc563256f876d2ff8099) ([#10956](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10956)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- [Handle decode errors when reading responses](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/325001317d97f4545d66fac44c4ba772c6f45f22) ([#10868](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10868)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **abc.net.au**: iview, showseries: [Fix extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7f909046f4dc0fba472b4963145aef6e0d42491b) ([#11101](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11101)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **adn**: [Fix extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/cc88a54bb1ef285154775f8a6a413335ce4c71ce) ([#10749](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10749)) by [infanf](https://github.com/infanf)
+- **asobistage**: [Support redirected URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a7d3235c84dac57a127cbe0ff38f7f7c2fdd8fa0) ([#10768](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10768)) by [pzhlkj6612](https://github.com/pzhlkj6612)
+- **bandcamp**: user: [Fix extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5d0176547f16a3642cd71627126e9dfc24981e20) ([#10328](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10328)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [quad](https://github.com/quad)
+- **beacon**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b4760c778d0c92c6e3f2bc8346cd72c8f08595ae) ([#9901](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9901)) by [Deukhoofd](https://github.com/Deukhoofd)
+- **bilibili**
+    - [Fix chapters and subtitles extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a2000bc85730c950351d78bb818493dc39dca3cb) ([#11099](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11099)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Fix festival URL support](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b43bd864851f2862e26caa85461c5d825d49d463) ([#10740](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10740)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [grqz](https://github.com/grqz)
+- **biliintl**: [Fix referer header](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a06bb586795ebab87a2356923acfc674d6f0e152) ([#11003](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11003)) by [Khaoklong51](https://github.com/Khaoklong51)
+- **dropbox**: [Fix password-protected video support](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/63da31b3b29af90062d8a72a905ffe4b5e499042) ([#10735](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10735)) by [ndyanx](https://github.com/ndyanx)
+- **ertgr**: [Fix video extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/416686ed0cf792ec44ab059f3b229dd776077e14) ([#11091](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11091)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **eurosport**: [Support local URL variants](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f0bb28504c8c2b75ee3e5796aed50de2a7f90a1b) ([#10785](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10785)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **facebook**
+    - ads: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d62fef7e07d454c0d2ba2d69fb96d691dba1ded0) ([#10704](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10704)) by [kclauhk](https://github.com/kclauhk)
+    - reel: [Improve metadata extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0e1b941c6b2caa688b0d3332e723d16dbafa4311) by [lengzuo](https://github.com/lengzuo)
+- **germanupa**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/124f058b546d652a359c67025bb479789bfbef0b) ([#10538](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10538)) by [grqz](https://github.com/grqz)
+- **hgtvde**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a555389c9bb32e589e00b4664974423fb7b04dcd) ([#10992](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10992)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [rdamas](https://github.com/rdamas)
+- **huya**: video: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/25c1cdaa2650563494d3bf00a38f72d0d9486bff) ([#10686](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10686)) by [hugepower](https://github.com/hugepower)
+- **iprima**: [Fix zoom URL support](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4a27b8f092f7f7c10b7a334d3535c97c2af02f0a) ([#10959](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10959)) by [otovalek](https://github.com/otovalek)
+- **khanacademy**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0fba08485b6445b72b5b63ae23ca2a73fa5d967f) ([#10913](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10913)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **kick**
+    - clips: [Support new URL format](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0aa4426e9a35f7f8e184f1f2082b3b313c1448f7) ([#11107](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11107)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - vod: [Support new URL format](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/173d54c151b987409e3eb09552d8d89ed8fc50f7) ([#10988](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10988)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [grqz](https://github.com/grqz)
+- **kika**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e6f48ca80821939c1fd11ec2a0cdbf2fba9b258a) ([#5788](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/5788)) by [1100101](https://github.com/1100101)
+- **lnkgo**: [Remove extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/fa83d0b36bc43d30fe9241c1e923f4614864b758) ([#10904](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10904)) by [naglis](https://github.com/naglis)
+- **loom**: [Fix m3u8 formats extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7509d692b37a7ec6230ea75bfe1e44a8de5eefce) ([#10760](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10760)) by [kclauhk](https://github.com/kclauhk)
+- **mediaklikk**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e2b3634e299be9c16a247ece3b1858d83889c324) ([#11083](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11083)) by [szantnerb](https://github.com/szantnerb)
+- **mojevideo**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/28b0ecba2af5b4919f198474b3d00a76ef322c31) ([#11019](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11019)) by [04-pasha-04](https://github.com/04-pasha-04), [pzhlkj6612](https://github.com/pzhlkj6612)
+- **niconico**: [Fix m3u8 formats extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/eabb4680fdb09ba1f48d174a700a2e3b43f82add) ([#11103](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11103)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **nzz**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4a9bc8c3630378bc29f0266126b503f6190c0430) ([#10461](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10461)) by [1-Byte](https://github.com/1-Byte)
+- **patreoncampaign**: [Support API URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/232e6db30c474d1b387e405342f34173ceeaf832) ([#10734](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10734)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [hibes](https://github.com/hibes)
+- **pinterest**: [Extend `_VALID_URL`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c8c078fe28b0ffc15ef9646346c00c592fe71a78) ([#10867](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10867)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [sahilsinghss73](https://github.com/sahilsinghss73)
+- **radiko**: [Extract unique `id` values](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c8d096c5ce111411fbdbe2abb8fed54f317a6182) ([#10726](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10726)) by [garret1317](https://github.com/garret1317)
+- **rtp**: [Support more subpages](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d02df303d8e49390599db9f34482697e4d1cf5b2) ([#10787](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10787)) by [Demon000](https://github.com/Demon000)
+- **rumblechannel**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ad0b857f459a6d390fbf124183916218c52f223a) ([#11049](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11049)) by [tony-hn](https://github.com/tony-hn)
+- **rutube**: [Support livestreams](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/41be32e78c3845000dbac188ffb90ea3ea7c4dfa) ([#10844](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10844)) by [pzhlkj6612](https://github.com/pzhlkj6612)
+- **samplefocus**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/46f4c80bc363ee8116c33d37f65202e6c3470954) ([#10947](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10947)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **screenrec**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/36f9e602ad55679764bc75a4f67f7562b1d6adcf) ([#10917](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10917)) by [naglis](https://github.com/naglis)
+- **sen**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/41a241ca6ffb95b3d9aaf4f42106ca8cba9af1a6) ([#10952](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10952)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **servus**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/300c91274f7ea5b1b0528fc5ee11cf1a61d4079e) ([#10944](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10944)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **snapchatspotlight**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b37417e4f934fd8909788b493d017777155b0ae5) ([#11030](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11030)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **svtpage**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5a8a05aebb49693e78e1123015837ed5e961ff76) ([#11010](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11010)) by [diman8](https://github.com/diman8)
+- **tenplay**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d8d473002b654ab0e7b97ead869f58b4361eeae1) ([#10928](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10928)) by [aarubui](https://github.com/aarubui)
+- **tiktok**: [Fix web formats extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3ad0b7f422d547204df687b6d0b2d9110fff3990) ([#11074](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11074)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **twitter**: spaces: [Support video spaces](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/bef1d4d6fc9493fda7f75e2289c07c507d10092f) ([#10789](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10789)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **vidflex**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e978c312d6550a6ae4c9df18001afb1b420cb72f) ([#10002](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10002)) by [pzhlkj6612](https://github.com/pzhlkj6612)
+- **vimeo**
+    - [Always try to extract original format](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4115c24d157c5b5f63089d75c4e0f51d1f8b4489) ([#10721](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10721)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly) (With fixes in [e8e6a98](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e8e6a982a1b659eed434d225d7922f632bac6568) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev))
+    - [Fix HLS audio format sorting](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a1b4ac2b8ed8e6eaa56044d439f1e0d00c2ba218) ([#11082](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11082)) by [fireattack](https://github.com/fireattack)
+- **watchespn**: [Improve auth support](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7adff8caf152dcf96d03aff69ed8545c0a63567c) ([#10910](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10910)) by [ischmidt20](https://github.com/ischmidt20)
+- **wistia**: [Support password-protected videos](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9f5c9a90898c5a1e672922d9cd799716c73cee34) ([#11100](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11100)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **ximalaya**: [Add VIP support](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3dfd720d098b4d49d69cfc77e6376f22bcd90934) ([#10832](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10832)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev), [xingchensong](https://github.com/xingchensong)
+- **xinpianchang**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3aa0156e05662923d130ddbc1c82596e38c01a00) ([#10950](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10950)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **yleareena**: [Support podcasts](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/48d629d461e05b1b19f5e53dc959bb9ebe95da42) ([#11104](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11104)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **youtube**
+    - [Add `po_token`, `visitor_data`, `data_sync_id` extractor args](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3a3bd00037e9908e87da4fa9f2ad772aa34dc60e) ([#10648](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10648)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev) (With fixes in [fa2be9a](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/fa2be9a7c63babede07480151363e54eee5702bd) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly))
+    - [Support excluding `player_client`s in extractor-arg](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/49f3741a820ed142f6866317c2e7d247b130960e) ([#10710](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10710)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - clip: [Prioritize `https` formats](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/1d84b780cf33a1d84756825ac23f990a905703df) ([#11102](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11102)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - tab: [Fix shorts tab extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9431777b4c37129a6093080c77ca59960afbb9d7) ([#10938](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10938)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+
+#### Networking changes
+- [Fix handler not being added to RequestError](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d1c4d88b2d912e8da5e76db455562ca63b1af690) ([#10955](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10955)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+- [Pin `curl-cffi` version to < 0.7.2](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5bb1aa04dafce13ba9de707ea53169fab58b5207) ([#11092](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11092)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **Request Handler**: websockets: [Upgrade websockets to 13.0](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6f9e6537434562d513d0c9b68ced8a61ade94a64) ([#10815](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10815)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+
+#### Misc. changes
+- **build**
+    - [Bump PyInstaller version pin to `>=6.10.0`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/fb8b7f226d251e521a89b23c415e249e5b788e5c) ([#10709](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10709)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Pin `delocate` version for `macos`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7e41628ff523b3fe373b0981a5db441358980dab) ([#10901](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10901)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **ci**
+    - [Add comment sanitization workflow](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b6200bdcf3a9415ae36859188f9a57e3e461c696) ([#10915](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10915)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+    - [Add issue tracker anti-spam protection](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ad9a8115aa29a1a95c961b16fcf129a228d98f50) ([#10861](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10861)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **cleanup**: Miscellaneous: [c6387ab](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c6387abc1af9842bb0541288a5610abba9b1ab51) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [Codenade](https://github.com/Codenade), [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz), [grqz](https://github.com/grqz), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K), [pzhlkj6612](https://github.com/pzhlkj6612), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+
+### 2024.08.06
+
+#### Core changes
+- **jsinterp**: [Improve `slice` implementation](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/bb8bf1db993f59752d20b73b861bd55e40cf0e31) ([#10664](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10664)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- **discoveryplusitaly**: [Support sport and olympics URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e7d73bc4531ee3f91a46b15e218dcc1fbeb6226c) ([#10655](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10655)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **gem.cbc.ca**: live: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/fc5eecfa31c9571b6031cc3968aaa0394be55d7a) ([#10565](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10565)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [scribblemaniac](https://github.com/scribblemaniac)
+- **niconico**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4d9231208332d4c32364b8cd814bff8b20232cae) ([#10677](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10677)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **olympics**: [Fix extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/919540a9644e55deb78cdd6751757ec8fdaf76f4) ([#10625](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10625)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **youku**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0088c6de23d832b117061a33e984dc452d992e9c) ([#10626](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10626)) by [hugepower](https://github.com/hugepower)
+- **youtube**
+    - [Change default player clients to `ios,web_creator`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/406f4c2e47502fffc1b0c210b4ee6487c89a44cb) ([#10674](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10674)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Fix `n` function name extraction for player `b12cc44b`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c86891eb9434b4d7eec426d38c0c625b5e13cb2f) ([#10668](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10668)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+
 ### 2024.08.01
 
 #### Core changes
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index dd78012a8..1db4ed2a5 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 [![YT-DLP](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/master/.github/banner.svg)](#readme)
 
 [![Release version](https://img.shields.io/github/v/release/yt-dlp/yt-dlp?color=brightgreen&label=Download&style=for-the-badge)](#installation "Installation")
-[![PyPi](https://img.shields.io/badge/-PyPi-blue.svg?logo=pypi&labelColor=555555&style=for-the-badge)](https://pypi.org/project/yt-dlp "PyPi")
+[![PyPI](https://img.shields.io/badge/-PyPI-blue.svg?logo=pypi&labelColor=555555&style=for-the-badge)](https://pypi.org/project/yt-dlp "PyPI")
 [![Donate](https://img.shields.io/badge/_-Donate-red.svg?logo=githubsponsors&labelColor=555555&style=for-the-badge)](Collaborators.md#collaborators "Donate")
 [![Matrix](https://img.shields.io/matrix/yt-dlp:matrix.org?color=brightgreen&labelColor=555555&label=&logo=element&style=for-the-badge)](https://matrix.to/#/#yt-dlp:matrix.org "Matrix")
 [![Discord](https://img.shields.io/discord/807245652072857610?color=blue&labelColor=555555&label=&logo=discord&style=for-the-badge)](https://discord.gg/H5MNcFW63r "Discord")
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ yt-dlp is a feature-rich command-line audio/video downloader with support for [t
 [![Windows](https://img.shields.io/badge/-Windows_x64-blue.svg?style=for-the-badge&logo=windows)](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp.exe)
 [![Unix](https://img.shields.io/badge/-Linux/BSD-red.svg?style=for-the-badge&logo=linux)](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp)
 [![MacOS](https://img.shields.io/badge/-MacOS-lightblue.svg?style=for-the-badge&logo=apple)](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp_macos)
-[![PyPi](https://img.shields.io/badge/-PyPi-blue.svg?logo=pypi&labelColor=555555&style=for-the-badge)](https://pypi.org/project/yt-dlp)
+[![PyPI](https://img.shields.io/badge/-PyPI-blue.svg?logo=pypi&labelColor=555555&style=for-the-badge)](https://pypi.org/project/yt-dlp)
 [![Source Tarball](https://img.shields.io/badge/-Source_tar-green.svg?style=for-the-badge)](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp.tar.gz)
 [![Other variants](https://img.shields.io/badge/-Other-grey.svg?style=for-the-badge)](#release-files)
 [![All versions](https://img.shields.io/badge/-All_Versions-lightgrey.svg?style=for-the-badge)](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases)
@@ -98,15 +98,14 @@ You can install yt-dlp using [the binaries](#release-files), [pip](https://pypi.
 File|Description
 :---|:---
 [yt-dlp](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp)|Platform-independent [zipimport](https://docs.python.org/3/library/zipimport.html) binary. Needs Python (recommended for **Linux/BSD**)
-[yt-dlp.exe](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp.exe)|Windows (Win7 SP1+) standalone x64 binary (recommended for **Windows**)
+[yt-dlp.exe](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp.exe)|Windows (Win8+) standalone x64 binary (recommended for **Windows**)
 [yt-dlp_macos](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp_macos)|Universal MacOS (10.15+) standalone executable (recommended for **MacOS**)
 
 #### Alternatives
 
 File|Description
 :---|:---
-[yt-dlp_x86.exe](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp_x86.exe)|Windows (Win7 SP1+) standalone x86 (32-bit) binary
-[yt-dlp_min.exe](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp_min.exe)|Windows (Win7 SP1+) standalone x64 binary built with `py2exe`<br/> ([Not recommended](#standalone-py2exe-builds-windows))
+[yt-dlp_x86.exe](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp_x86.exe)|Windows (Win8+) standalone x86 (32-bit) binary
 [yt-dlp_linux](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp_linux)|Linux standalone x64 binary
 [yt-dlp_linux_armv7l](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp_linux_armv7l)|Linux standalone armv7l (32-bit) binary
 [yt-dlp_linux_aarch64](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp_linux_aarch64)|Linux standalone aarch64 (64-bit) binary
@@ -173,11 +172,11 @@ python3 -m pip install -U --pre "yt-dlp[default]"
 ```
 
 ## DEPENDENCIES
-Python versions 3.8+ (CPython and PyPy) are supported. Other versions and implementations may or may not work correctly.
+Python versions 3.9+ (CPython) and 3.10+ (PyPy) are supported. Other versions and implementations may or may not work correctly.
 
 <!-- Python 3.5+ uses VC++14 and it is already embedded in the binary created
 <!x-- https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=26999 --x>
-On windows, [Microsoft Visual C++ 2010 SP1 Redistributable Package (x86)](https://download.microsoft.com/download/1/6/5/165255E7-1014-4D0A-B094-B6A430A6BFFC/vcredist_x86.exe) is also necessary to run yt-dlp. You probably already have this, but if the executable throws an error due to missing `MSVCR100.dll` you need to install it manually.
+On Windows, [Microsoft Visual C++ 2010 SP1 Redistributable Package (x86)](https://download.microsoft.com/download/1/6/5/165255E7-1014-4D0A-B094-B6A430A6BFFC/vcredist_x86.exe) is also necessary to run yt-dlp. You probably already have this, but if the executable throws an error due to missing `MSVCR100.dll` you need to install it manually.
 -->
 
 While all the other dependencies are optional, `ffmpeg` and `ffprobe` are highly recommended
@@ -200,7 +199,7 @@ While all the other dependencies are optional, `ffmpeg` and `ffprobe` are highly
 
 The following provide support for impersonating browser requests. This may be required for some sites that employ TLS fingerprinting.
 
-* [**curl_cffi**](https://github.com/yifeikong/curl_cffi) (recommended) - Python binding for [curl-impersonate](https://github.com/lwthiker/curl-impersonate). Provides impersonation targets for Chrome, Edge and Safari. Licensed under [MIT](https://github.com/yifeikong/curl_cffi/blob/main/LICENSE)
+* [**curl_cffi**](https://github.com/lexiforest/curl_cffi) (recommended) - Python binding for [curl-impersonate](https://github.com/lexiforest/curl-impersonate). Provides impersonation targets for Chrome, Edge and Safari. Licensed under [MIT](https://github.com/lexiforest/curl_cffi/blob/main/LICENSE)
   * Can be installed with the `curl-cffi` group, e.g. `pip install "yt-dlp[default,curl-cffi]"`
   * Currently included in `yt-dlp.exe`, `yt-dlp_linux` and `yt-dlp_macos` builds
 
@@ -254,31 +253,19 @@ On some systems, you may need to use `py` or `python` instead of `python3`.
 **Important**: Running `pyinstaller` directly **instead of** using `python -m bundle.pyinstaller` is **not** officially supported. This may or may not work correctly.
 
 ### Platform-independent Binary (UNIX)
-You will need the build tools `python` (3.8+), `zip`, `make` (GNU), `pandoc`\* and `pytest`\*.
+You will need the build tools `python` (3.9+), `zip`, `make` (GNU), `pandoc`\* and `pytest`\*.
 
 After installing these, simply run `make`.
 
 You can also run `make yt-dlp` instead to compile only the binary without updating any of the additional files. (The build tools marked with **\*** are not needed for this)
 
-### Standalone Py2Exe Builds (Windows)
-
-While we provide the option to build with [py2exe](https://www.py2exe.org), it is recommended to build [using PyInstaller](#standalone-pyinstaller-builds) instead since the py2exe builds **cannot contain `pycryptodomex`/`certifi`/`requests` and need VC++14** on the target computer to run.
-
-If you wish to build it anyway, install Python (if it is not already installed) and you can run the following commands:
-
-```
-py devscripts/install_deps.py --include py2exe
-py devscripts/make_lazy_extractors.py
-py -m bundle.py2exe
-```
-
 ### Related scripts
 
 * **`devscripts/install_deps.py`** - Install dependencies for yt-dlp.
 * **`devscripts/update-version.py`** - Update the version number based on the current date.
 * **`devscripts/set-variant.py`** - Set the build variant of the executable.
 * **`devscripts/make_changelog.py`** - Create a markdown changelog using short commit messages and update `CONTRIBUTORS` file.
-* **`devscripts/make_lazy_extractors.py`** - Create lazy extractors. Running this before building the binaries (any variant) will improve their startup performance. Set the environment variable `YTDLP_NO_LAZY_EXTRACTORS=1` if you wish to forcefully disable lazy extractor loading.
+* **`devscripts/make_lazy_extractors.py`** - Create lazy extractors. Running this before building the binaries (any variant) will improve their startup performance. Set the environment variable `YTDLP_NO_LAZY_EXTRACTORS` to something nonempty to forcefully disable lazy extractor loading.
 
 Note: See their `--help` for more info.
 
@@ -348,8 +335,16 @@ If you fork the project on GitHub, you can run your fork's [build workflow](.git
                                     containing directory ("-" for stdin). Can be
                                     used multiple times and inside other
                                     configuration files
-    --flat-playlist                 Do not extract the videos of a playlist,
-                                    only list them
+    --plugin-dirs PATH              Path to an additional directory to search
+                                    for plugins. This option can be used
+                                    multiple times to add multiple directories.
+                                    Note that this currently only works for
+                                    extractor plugins; postprocessor plugins can
+                                    only be loaded from the default plugin
+                                    directories
+    --flat-playlist                 Do not extract a playlist's URL result
+                                    entries; some entry metadata may be missing
+                                    and downloading may be bypassed
     --no-flat-playlist              Fully extract the videos of a playlist
                                     (default)
     --live-from-start               Download livestreams from the start.
@@ -444,10 +439,10 @@ If you fork the project on GitHub, you can run your fork's [build workflow](.git
                                     E.g. "--date today-2weeks" downloads only
                                     videos uploaded on the same day two weeks ago
     --datebefore DATE               Download only videos uploaded on or before
-                                    this date. The date formats accepted is the
+                                    this date. The date formats accepted are the
                                     same as --date
     --dateafter DATE                Download only videos uploaded on or after
-                                    this date. The date formats accepted is the
+                                    this date. The date formats accepted are the
                                     same as --date
     --match-filters FILTER          Generic video filter. Any "OUTPUT TEMPLATE"
                                     field can be compared with a number or a
@@ -459,17 +454,17 @@ If you fork the project on GitHub, you can run your fork's [build workflow](.git
                                     conditions. Use a "\" to escape "&" or
                                     quotes if needed. If used multiple times,
                                     the filter matches if at least one of the
-                                    conditions is met. E.g. --match-filter
-                                    !is_live --match-filter "like_count>?100 &
+                                    conditions is met. E.g. --match-filters
+                                    !is_live --match-filters "like_count>?100 &
                                     description~='(?i)\bcats \& dogs\b'" matches
                                     only videos that are not live OR those that
                                     have a like count more than 100 (or the like
                                     field is not available) and also has a
                                     description that contains the phrase "cats &
-                                    dogs" (caseless). Use "--match-filter -" to
+                                    dogs" (caseless). Use "--match-filters -" to
                                     interactively ask whether to download each
                                     video
-    --no-match-filters              Do not use any --match-filter (default)
+    --no-match-filters              Do not use any --match-filters (default)
     --break-match-filters FILTER    Same as "--match-filters" but stops the
                                     download process when a video is rejected
     --no-break-match-filters        Do not use any --break-match-filters (default)
@@ -485,12 +480,13 @@ If you fork the project on GitHub, you can run your fork's [build workflow](.git
     --no-download-archive           Do not use archive file (default)
     --max-downloads NUMBER          Abort after downloading NUMBER files
     --break-on-existing             Stop the download process when encountering
-                                    a file that is in the archive
+                                    a file that is in the archive supplied with
+                                    the --download-archive option
     --no-break-on-existing          Do not stop the download process when
                                     encountering a file that is in the archive
                                     (default)
     --break-per-input               Alters --max-downloads, --break-on-existing,
-                                    --break-match-filter, and autonumber to
+                                    --break-match-filters, and autonumber to
                                     reset per input URL
     --no-break-per-input            --break-on-existing and similar options
                                     terminates the entire download queue
@@ -732,16 +728,16 @@ If you fork the project on GitHub, you can run your fork's [build workflow](.git
                                     used. This option can be used multiple times
     --print-to-file [WHEN:]TEMPLATE FILE
                                     Append given template to the file. The
-                                    values of WHEN and TEMPLATE are same as that
-                                    of --print. FILE uses the same syntax as the
-                                    output template. This option can be used
-                                    multiple times
+                                    values of WHEN and TEMPLATE are the same as
+                                    that of --print. FILE uses the same syntax
+                                    as the output template. This option can be
+                                    used multiple times
     -j, --dump-json                 Quiet, but print JSON information for each
                                     video. Simulate unless --no-simulate is
                                     used. See "OUTPUT TEMPLATE" for a
                                     description of available keys
     -J, --dump-single-json          Quiet, but print JSON information for each
-                                    url or infojson passed. Simulate unless
+                                    URL or infojson passed. Simulate unless
                                     --no-simulate is used. If the URL refers to
                                     a playlist, the whole playlist information
                                     is dumped in a single line
@@ -816,9 +812,9 @@ If you fork the project on GitHub, you can run your fork's [build workflow](.git
     --no-audio-multistreams         Only one audio stream is downloaded for each
                                     output file (default)
     --prefer-free-formats           Prefer video formats with free containers
-                                    over non-free ones of same quality. Use with
-                                    "-S ext" to strictly prefer free containers
-                                    irrespective of quality
+                                    over non-free ones of the same quality. Use
+                                    with "-S ext" to strictly prefer free
+                                    containers irrespective of quality
     --no-prefer-free-formats        Don't give any special preference to free
                                     containers (default)
     --check-formats                 Make sure formats are selected only from
@@ -843,15 +839,17 @@ If you fork the project on GitHub, you can run your fork's [build workflow](.git
                                     (default) (Alias: --no-write-automatic-subs)
     --list-subs                     List available subtitles of each video.
                                     Simulate unless --no-simulate is used
-    --sub-format FORMAT             Subtitle format; accepts formats preference,
-                                    e.g. "srt" or "ass/srt/best"
+    --sub-format FORMAT             Subtitle format; accepts formats preference
+                                    separated by "/", e.g. "srt" or "ass/srt/best"
     --sub-langs LANGS               Languages of the subtitles to download (can
                                     be regex) or "all" separated by commas, e.g.
-                                    --sub-langs "en.*,ja". You can prefix the
-                                    language code with a "-" to exclude it from
-                                    the requested languages, e.g. --sub-langs
-                                    all,-live_chat. Use --list-subs for a list
-                                    of available language tags
+                                    --sub-langs "en.*,ja" (where "en.*" is a
+                                    regex pattern that matches "en" followed by
+                                    0 or more of any character). You can prefix
+                                    the language code with a "-" to exclude it
+                                    from the requested languages, e.g. --sub-
+                                    langs all,-live_chat. Use --list-subs for a
+                                    list of available language tags
 
 ## Authentication Options:
     -u, --username USERNAME         Login with this account ID
@@ -899,9 +897,9 @@ If you fork the project on GitHub, you can run your fork's [build workflow](.git
                                     necessary (currently supported: avi, flv,
                                     gif, mkv, mov, mp4, webm, aac, aiff, alac,
                                     flac, m4a, mka, mp3, ogg, opus, vorbis,
-                                    wav). If target container does not support
-                                    the video/audio codec, remuxing will fail.
-                                    You can specify multiple rules; e.g.
+                                    wav). If the target container does not
+                                    support the video/audio codec, remuxing will
+                                    fail. You can specify multiple rules; e.g.
                                     "aac>m4a/mov>mp4/mkv" will remux aac to m4a,
                                     mov to mp4 and anything else to mkv
     --recode-video FORMAT           Re-encode the video into another format if
@@ -969,29 +967,29 @@ If you fork the project on GitHub, you can run your fork's [build workflow](.git
                                     are the same as that of --use-postprocessor
                                     (default: pre_process)
     --xattrs                        Write metadata to the video file's xattrs
-                                    (using dublin core and xdg standards)
+                                    (using Dublin Core and XDG standards)
     --concat-playlist POLICY        Concatenate videos in a playlist. One of
                                     "never", "always", or "multi_video"
                                     (default; only when the videos form a single
-                                    show). All the video files must have same
-                                    codecs and number of streams to be
-                                    concatable. The "pl_video:" prefix can be
+                                    show). All the video files must have the
+                                    same codecs and number of streams to be
+                                    concatenable. The "pl_video:" prefix can be
                                     used with "--paths" and "--output" to set
                                     the output filename for the concatenated
                                     files. See "OUTPUT TEMPLATE" for details
     --fixup POLICY                  Automatically correct known faults of the
                                     file. One of never (do nothing), warn (only
                                     emit a warning), detect_or_warn (the
-                                    default; fix file if we can, warn
-                                    otherwise), force (try fixing even if file
-                                    already exists)
+                                    default; fix the file if we can, warn
+                                    otherwise), force (try fixing even if the
+                                    file already exists)
     --ffmpeg-location PATH          Location of the ffmpeg binary; either the
                                     path to the binary or its containing directory
     --exec [WHEN:]CMD               Execute a command, optionally prefixed with
                                     when to execute it, separated by a ":".
                                     Supported values of "WHEN" are the same as
                                     that of --use-postprocessor (default:
-                                    after_move). Same syntax as the output
+                                    after_move). The same syntax as the output
                                     template can be used to pass any field as
                                     arguments to the command. If no fields are
                                     passed, %(filepath,_filename|)q is appended
@@ -999,12 +997,16 @@ If you fork the project on GitHub, you can run your fork's [build workflow](.git
                                     be used multiple times
     --no-exec                       Remove any previously defined --exec
     --convert-subs FORMAT           Convert the subtitles to another format
-                                    (currently supported: ass, lrc, srt, vtt)
-                                    (Alias: --convert-subtitles)
+                                    (currently supported: ass, lrc, srt, vtt).
+                                    Use "--convert-subs none" to disable
+                                    conversion (default) (Alias: --convert-
+                                    subtitles)
     --convert-thumbnails FORMAT     Convert the thumbnails to another format
                                     (currently supported: jpg, png, webp). You
                                     can specify multiple rules using similar
-                                    syntax as --remux-video
+                                    syntax as "--remux-video". Use "--convert-
+                                    thumbnails none" to disable conversion
+                                    (default)
     --split-chapters                Split video into multiple files based on
                                     internal chapters. The "chapter:" prefix can
                                     be used with "--paths" and "--output" to set
@@ -1025,7 +1027,7 @@ If you fork the project on GitHub, you can run your fork's [build workflow](.git
     --no-force-keyframes-at-cuts    Do not force keyframes around the chapters
                                     when cutting/splitting (default)
     --use-postprocessor NAME[:ARGS]
-                                    The (case sensitive) name of plugin
+                                    The (case-sensitive) name of plugin
                                     postprocessors to be enabled, and
                                     (optionally) arguments to be passed to it,
                                     separated by a colon ":". ARGS are a
@@ -1038,8 +1040,8 @@ If you fork the project on GitHub, you can run your fork's [build workflow](.git
                                     --print/--output), "before_dl" (before each
                                     video download), "post_process" (after each
                                     video download; default), "after_move"
-                                    (after moving video file to its final
-                                    locations), "after_video" (after downloading
+                                    (after moving the video file to its final
+                                    location), "after_video" (after downloading
                                     and processing all formats of a video), or
                                     "playlist" (at end of playlist). This option
                                     can be used multiple times to add different
@@ -1057,7 +1059,7 @@ Make chapter entries for, or remove various segments (sponsor,
                                     music_offtopic, poi_highlight, chapter, all
                                     and default (=all). You can prefix the
                                     category with a "-" to exclude it. See [1]
-                                    for description of the categories. E.g.
+                                    for descriptions of the categories. E.g.
                                     --sponsorblock-mark all,-preview
                                     [1] https://wiki.sponsor.ajay.app/w/Segment_Categories
     --sponsorblock-remove CATS      SponsorBlock categories to be removed from
@@ -1089,7 +1091,7 @@ Make chapter entries for, or remove various segments (sponsor,
                                     (Alias: --no-allow-dynamic-mpd)
     --hls-split-discontinuity       Split HLS playlists to different formats at
                                     discontinuities such as ad breaks
-    --no-hls-split-discontinuity    Do not split HLS playlists to different
+    --no-hls-split-discontinuity    Do not split HLS playlists into different
                                     formats at discontinuities such as ad breaks
                                     (default)
     --extractor-args IE_KEY:ARGS    Pass ARGS arguments to the IE_KEY extractor.
@@ -1099,7 +1101,7 @@ Make chapter entries for, or remove various segments (sponsor,
 
 # CONFIGURATION
 
-You can configure yt-dlp by placing any supported command line option to a configuration file. The configuration is loaded from the following locations:
+You can configure yt-dlp by placing any supported command line option in a configuration file. The configuration is loaded from the following locations:
 
 1. **Main Configuration**:
     * The file given to `--config-location`
@@ -1144,7 +1146,7 @@ E.g. with the following configuration file, yt-dlp will always extract the audio
 -o ~/YouTube/%(title)s.%(ext)s
 ```
 
-**Note**: Options in configuration file are just the same options aka switches used in regular command line calls; thus there **must be no whitespace** after `-` or `--`, e.g. `-o` or `--proxy` but not `- o` or `-- proxy`. They must also be quoted when necessary, as if it were a UNIX shell.
+**Note**: Options in a configuration file are just the same options aka switches used in regular command line calls; thus there **must be no whitespace** after `-` or `--`, e.g. `-o` or `--proxy` but not `- o` or `-- proxy`. They must also be quoted when necessary, as if it were a UNIX shell.
 
 You can use `--ignore-config` if you want to disable all configuration files for a particular yt-dlp run. If `--ignore-config` is found inside any configuration file, no further configuration will be loaded. For example, having the option in the portable configuration file prevents loading of home, user, and system configurations. Additionally, (for backward compatibility) if `--ignore-config` is found inside the system configuration file, the user configuration is not loaded.
 
@@ -1178,13 +1180,13 @@ As an alternative to using the `.netrc` file, which has the disadvantage of keep
 
 E.g. To use an encrypted `.netrc` file stored as `.authinfo.gpg`
 ```
-yt-dlp --netrc-cmd 'gpg --decrypt ~/.authinfo.gpg' https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc
+yt-dlp --netrc-cmd 'gpg --decrypt ~/.authinfo.gpg' 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc'
 ```
 
 
 ### Notes about environment variables
 * Environment variables are normally specified as `${VARIABLE}`/`$VARIABLE` on UNIX and `%VARIABLE%` on Windows; but is always shown as `${VARIABLE}` in this documentation
-* yt-dlp also allow using UNIX-style variables on Windows for path-like options; e.g. `--output`, `--config-location`
+* yt-dlp also allows using UNIX-style variables on Windows for path-like options; e.g. `--output`, `--config-location`
 * If unset, `${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}` defaults to `~/.config` and `${XDG_CACHE_HOME}` to `~/.cache`
 * On Windows, `~` points to `${HOME}` if present; or, `${USERPROFILE}` or `${HOMEDRIVE}${HOMEPATH}` otherwise
 * On Windows, `${USERPROFILE}` generally points to `C:\Users\<user name>` and `${APPDATA}` to `${USERPROFILE}\AppData\Roaming`
@@ -1265,7 +1267,7 @@ The available fields are:
  - `like_count` (numeric): Number of positive ratings of the video
  - `dislike_count` (numeric): Number of negative ratings of the video
  - `repost_count` (numeric): Number of reposts of the video
- - `average_rating` (numeric): Average rating give by users, the scale used depends on the webpage
+ - `average_rating` (numeric): Average rating given by users, the scale used depends on the webpage
  - `comment_count` (numeric): Number of comments on the video (For some extractors, comments are only downloaded at the end, and so this field cannot be used)
  - `age_limit` (numeric): Age restriction for the video (years)
  - `live_status` (string): One of "not_live", "is_live", "is_upcoming", "was_live", "post_live" (was live, but VOD is not yet processed)
@@ -1292,10 +1294,11 @@ The available fields are:
  - `playlist_uploader_id` (string): Nickname or id of the playlist uploader
  - `playlist_channel` (string): Display name of the channel that uploaded the playlist
  - `playlist_channel_id` (string): Identifier of the channel that uploaded the playlist
+ - `playlist_webpage_url` (string): URL of the playlist webpage
  - `webpage_url` (string): A URL to the video webpage which, if given to yt-dlp, should yield the same result again
  - `webpage_url_basename` (string): The basename of the webpage URL
  - `webpage_url_domain` (string): The domain of the webpage URL
- - `original_url` (string): The URL given by the user (or same as `webpage_url` for playlist entries)
+ - `original_url` (string): The URL given by the user (or the same as `webpage_url` for playlist entries)
  - `categories` (list): List of categories the video belongs to
  - `tags` (list): List of tags assigned to the video
  - `cast` (list): List of cast members
@@ -1372,7 +1375,7 @@ Each aforementioned sequence when referenced in an output template will be repla
 
 **Tip**: Look at the `-j` output to identify which fields are available for the particular URL
 
-For numeric sequences you can use [numeric related formatting](https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#printf-style-string-formatting); e.g. `%(view_count)05d` will result in a string with view count padded with zeros up to 5 characters, like in `00042`.
+For numeric sequences, you can use [numeric related formatting](https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#printf-style-string-formatting); e.g. `%(view_count)05d` will result in a string with view count padded with zeros up to 5 characters, like in `00042`.
 
 Output templates can also contain arbitrary hierarchical path, e.g. `-o "%(playlist)s/%(playlist_index)s - %(title)s.%(ext)s"` which will result in downloading each video in a directory corresponding to this path template. Any missing directory will be automatically created for you.
 
@@ -1414,7 +1417,7 @@ $ yt-dlp -P "C:/MyVideos" -o "%(series)s/%(season_number)s - %(season)s/%(episod
 
 # Download video as "C:\MyVideos\uploader\title.ext", subtitles as "C:\MyVideos\subs\uploader\title.ext"
 # and put all temporary files in "C:\MyVideos\tmp"
-$ yt-dlp -P "C:/MyVideos" -P "temp:tmp" -P "subtitle:subs" -o "%(uploader)s/%(title)s.%(ext)s" BaW_jenoz --write-subs
+$ yt-dlp -P "C:/MyVideos" -P "temp:tmp" -P "subtitle:subs" -o "%(uploader)s/%(title)s.%(ext)s" BaW_jenozKc --write-subs
 
 # Download video as "C:\MyVideos\uploader\title.ext" and subtitles as "C:\MyVideos\uploader\subs\title.ext"
 $ yt-dlp -P "C:/MyVideos" -o "%(uploader)s/%(title)s.%(ext)s" -o "subtitle:%(uploader)s/subs/%(title)s.%(ext)s" BaW_jenozKc --write-subs
@@ -1553,9 +1556,9 @@ The available fields are:
 
 All fields, unless specified otherwise, are sorted in descending order. To reverse this, prefix the field with a `+`. E.g. `+res` prefers format with the smallest resolution. Additionally, you can suffix a preferred value for the fields, separated by a `:`. E.g. `res:720` prefers larger videos, but no larger than 720p and the smallest video if there are no videos less than 720p. For `codec` and `ext`, you can provide two preferred values, the first for video and the second for audio. E.g. `+codec:avc:m4a` (equivalent to `+vcodec:avc,+acodec:m4a`) sets the video codec preference to `h264` > `h265` > `vp9` > `vp9.2` > `av01` > `vp8` > `h263` > `theora` and audio codec preference to `mp4a` > `aac` > `vorbis` > `opus` > `mp3` > `ac3` > `dts`. You can also make the sorting prefer the nearest values to the provided by using `~` as the delimiter. E.g. `filesize~1G` prefers the format with filesize closest to 1 GiB.
 
-The fields `hasvid` and `ie_pref` are always given highest priority in sorting, irrespective of the user-defined order. This behavior can be changed by using `--format-sort-force`. Apart from these, the default order used is: `lang,quality,res,fps,hdr:12,vcodec:vp9.2,channels,acodec,size,br,asr,proto,ext,hasaud,source,id`. The extractors may override this default order, but they cannot override the user-provided order.
+The fields `hasvid` and `ie_pref` are always given highest priority in sorting, irrespective of the user-defined order. This behavior can be changed by using `--format-sort-force`. Apart from these, the default order used is: `lang,quality,res,fps,hdr:12,vcodec,channels,acodec,size,br,asr,proto,ext,hasaud,source,id`. The extractors may override this default order, but they cannot override the user-provided order.
 
-Note that the default has `vcodec:vp9.2`; i.e. `av1` is not preferred. Similarly, the default for hdr is `hdr:12`; i.e. Dolby Vision is not preferred. These choices are made since DV and AV1 formats are not yet fully compatible with most devices. This may be changed in the future as more devices become capable of smoothly playing back these formats.
+Note that the default for hdr is `hdr:12`; i.e. Dolby Vision is not preferred. This choice was made since DV formats are not yet fully compatible with most devices. This may be changed in the future.
 
 If your format selector is `worst`, the last item is selected after sorting. This means it will select the format that is worst in all respects. Most of the time, what you actually want is the video with the smallest filesize instead. So it is generally better to use `-f best -S +size,+br,+res,+fps`.
 
@@ -1632,11 +1635,11 @@ $ yt-dlp -S "res:480"
 # or the worst video (that also has audio) if there is no video under 50 MB
 $ yt-dlp -f "b[filesize<50M] / w"
 
-# Download largest video (that also has audio) but no bigger than 50 MB,
+# Download the largest video (that also has audio) but no bigger than 50 MB,
 # or the smallest video (that also has audio) if there is no video under 50 MB
 $ yt-dlp -f "b" -S "filesize:50M"
 
-# Download best video (that also has audio) that is closest in size to 50 MB
+# Download the best video (that also has audio) that is closest in size to 50 MB
 $ yt-dlp -f "b" -S "filesize~50M"
 
 
@@ -1692,7 +1695,7 @@ The metadata obtained by the extractors can be modified by using `--parse-metada
 
 The general syntax of `--parse-metadata FROM:TO` is to give the name of a field or an [output template](#output-template) to extract data from, and the format to interpret it as, separated by a colon `:`. Either a [Python regular expression](https://docs.python.org/3/library/re.html#regular-expression-syntax) with named capture groups, a single field name, or a similar syntax to the [output template](#output-template) (only `%(field)s` formatting is supported) can be used for `TO`. The option can be used multiple times to parse and modify various fields.
 
-Note that these options preserve their relative order, allowing replacements to be made in parsed fields and viceversa. Also, any field thus created can be used in the [output template](#output-template) and will also affect the media file's metadata added when using `--embed-metadata`.
+Note that these options preserve their relative order, allowing replacements to be made in parsed fields and vice versa. Also, any field thus created can be used in the [output template](#output-template) and will also affect the media file's metadata added when using `--embed-metadata`.
 
 This option also has a few special uses:
 
@@ -1758,7 +1761,7 @@ $ yt-dlp --replace-in-metadata "title,uploader" "[ _]" "-"
 
 # EXTRACTOR ARGUMENTS
 
-Some extractors accept additional arguments which can be passed using `--extractor-args KEY:ARGS`. `ARGS` is a `;` (semicolon) separated string of `ARG=VAL1,VAL2`. E.g. `--extractor-args "youtube:player-client=mediaconnect,web;formats=incomplete" --extractor-args "funimation:version=uncut"`
+Some extractors accept additional arguments which can be passed using `--extractor-args KEY:ARGS`. `ARGS` is a `;` (semicolon) separated string of `ARG=VAL1,VAL2`. E.g. `--extractor-args "youtube:player-client=tv,mweb;formats=incomplete" --extractor-args "funimation:version=uncut"`
 
 Note: In CLI, `ARG` can use `-` instead of `_`; e.g. `youtube:player-client"` becomes `youtube:player_client"`
 
@@ -1767,7 +1770,7 @@ The following extractors use this feature:
 #### youtube
 * `lang`: Prefer translated metadata (`title`, `description` etc) of this language code (case-sensitive). By default, the video primary language metadata is preferred, with a fallback to `en` translated. See [youtube.py](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/blob/c26f9b991a0681fd3ea548d535919cec1fbbd430/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube.py#L381-L390) for list of supported content language codes
 * `skip`: One or more of `hls`, `dash` or `translated_subs` to skip extraction of the m3u8 manifests, dash manifests and [auto-translated subtitles](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/4090#issuecomment-1158102032) respectively
-* `player_client`: Clients to extract video data from. The main clients are `web`, `ios` and `android`, with variants `_music` and `_creator` (e.g. `ios_creator`); and `mediaconnect`, `mweb`, `android_producer`, `android_testsuite`, `android_vr`, `web_safari`, `web_embedded`, `tv` and `tv_embedded` with no variants. By default, `ios,tv` is used, but `tv_embedded`, `web_creator` and `mediaconnect` are added as required for age-gated videos. Similarly, the music variants are added for `music.youtube.com` urls. Most `android` clients will be given lowest priority since their formats are broken. You can use `all` to use all the clients, and `default` for the default clients.
+* `player_client`: Clients to extract video data from. The main clients are `web`, `ios` and `android`, with variants `_music` and `_creator` (e.g. `ios_creator`); and `mweb`, `android_vr`, `web_safari`, `web_embedded`, `tv` and `tv_embedded` with no variants. By default, `ios,mweb` is used, or `web_creator,mweb` is used when authenticating with cookies. The `_music` variants are added for `music.youtube.com` URLs. Some clients, such as `web` and `android`, require a `po_token` for their formats to be downloadable. Some clients, such as the `_creator` variants, will only work with authentication. Not all clients support authentication via cookies. You can use `all` to use all the clients, and `default` for the default clients. You can prefix a client with `-` to exclude it, e.g. `youtube:player_client=all,-web`
 * `player_skip`: Skip some network requests that are generally needed for robust extraction. One or more of `configs` (skip client configs), `webpage` (skip initial webpage), `js` (skip js player). While these options can help reduce the number of requests needed or avoid some rate-limiting, they could cause some issues. See [#860](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/860) for more details
 * `player_params`: YouTube player parameters to use for player requests. Will overwrite any default ones set by yt-dlp.
 * `comment_sort`: `top` or `new` (default) - choose comment sorting mode (on YouTube's side)
@@ -1777,6 +1780,9 @@ The following extractors use this feature:
 * `innertube_host`: Innertube API host to use for all API requests; e.g. `studio.youtube.com`, `youtubei.googleapis.com`. Note that cookies exported from one subdomain will not work on others
 * `innertube_key`: Innertube API key to use for all API requests. By default, no API key is used
 * `raise_incomplete_data`: `Incomplete Data Received` raises an error instead of reporting a warning
+* `data_sync_id`: Overrides the account Data Sync ID used in Innertube API requests. This may be needed if you are using an account with `youtube:player_skip=webpage,configs` or `youtubetab:skip=webpage`
+* `visitor_data`: Overrides the Visitor Data used in Innertube API requests. This should be used with `player_skip=webpage,configs` and without cookies. Note: this may have adverse effects if used improperly. If a session from a browser is wanted, you should pass cookies instead (which contain the Visitor ID)
+* `po_token`:  Proof of Origin (PO) Token(s) to use for requesting video playback. Comma seperated list of PO Tokens in the format `CLIENT+PO_TOKEN`, e.g. `youtube:po_token=web+XXX,android+YYY`
 
 #### youtubetab (YouTube playlists, channels, feeds, etc.)
 * `skip`: One or more of `webpage` (skip initial webpage download), `authcheck` (allow the download of playlists requiring authentication when no initial webpage is downloaded. This may cause unwanted behavior, see [#1122](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/1122) for more details)
@@ -1788,6 +1794,7 @@ The following extractors use this feature:
 * `key_query`: Passthrough the master m3u8 URL query to its HLS AES-128 decryption key URI if no value is provided, or else apply the query string given as `key_query=VALUE`. Note that this will have no effect if the key URI is provided via the `hls_key` extractor-arg. Does not apply to ffmpeg
 * `hls_key`: An HLS AES-128 key URI *or* key (as hex), and optionally the IV (as hex), in the form of `(URI|KEY)[,IV]`; e.g. `generic:hls_key=ABCDEF1234567980,0xFEDCBA0987654321`. Passing any of these values will force usage of the native HLS downloader and override the corresponding values found in the m3u8 playlist
 * `is_live`: Bypass live HLS detection and manually set `live_status` - a value of `false` will set `not_live`, any other value (or no value) will set `is_live`
+* `impersonate`: Target(s) to try and impersonate with the initial webpage request; e.g. `generic:impersonate=safari,chrome-110`. Use `generic:impersonate` to impersonate any available target, and use `generic:impersonate=false` to disable impersonation (default)
 
 #### funimation
 * `language`: Audio languages to extract, e.g. `funimation:language=english,japanese`
@@ -1853,7 +1860,7 @@ The following extractors use this feature:
 * `cdn`: One or more CDN IDs to use with the API call for stream URLs, e.g. `gcp_cdn`, `gs_cdn_pc_app`, `gs_cdn_mobile_web`, `gs_cdn_pc_web`
 
 #### soundcloud
-* `formats`: Formats to request from the API. Requested values should be in the format of `{protocol}_{extension}` (omitting the bitrate), e.g. `hls_opus,http_aac`. The `*` character functions as a wildcard, e.g. `*_mp3`, and can be passed by itself to request all formats. Known protocols include `http`, `hls` and `hls-aes`; known extensions include `aac`, `opus` and `mp3`. Original `download` formats are always extracted. Default is `http_aac,hls_aac,http_opus,hls_opus,http_mp3,hls_mp3`
+* `formats`: Formats to request from the API. Requested values should be in the format of `{protocol}_{codec}`, e.g. `hls_opus,http_aac`. The `*` character functions as a wildcard, e.g. `*_mp3`, and can be passed by itself to request all formats. Known protocols include `http`, `hls` and `hls-aes`; known codecs include `aac`, `opus` and `mp3`. Original `download` formats are always extracted. Default is `http_aac,hls_aac,http_opus,hls_opus,http_mp3,hls_mp3`
 
 #### orfon (orf:on)
 * `prefer_segments_playlist`: Prefer a playlist of program segments instead of a single complete video when available. If individual segments are desired, use `--concat-playlist never --extractor-args "orfon:prefer_segments_playlist"`
@@ -1861,8 +1868,8 @@ The following extractors use this feature:
 #### bilibili
 * `prefer_multi_flv`: Prefer extracting flv formats over mp4 for older videos that still provide legacy formats
 
-#### digitalconcerthall
-* `prefer_combined_hls`: Prefer extracting combined/pre-merged video and audio HLS formats. This will exclude 4K/HEVC video and lossless/FLAC audio formats, which are only available as split video/audio HLS formats
+#### sonylivseries
+* `sort_order`: Episode sort order for series extraction - one of `asc` (ascending, oldest first) or `desc` (descending, newest first). Default is `asc`
 
 **Note**: These options may be changed/removed in the future without concern for backward compatibility
 
@@ -1890,6 +1897,7 @@ In other words, the file structure on the disk looks something like:
                 myplugin.py
 
 yt-dlp looks for these `yt_dlp_plugins` namespace folders in many locations (see below) and loads in plugins from **all** of them.
+Set the environment variable `YTDLP_NO_PLUGINS` to something nonempty to disable loading plugins entirely.
 
 See the [wiki for some known plugins](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/wiki/Plugins)
 
@@ -1917,7 +1925,7 @@ Plugins can be installed using various methods and locations.
     * Plugin packages can be installed and managed using `pip`. See [yt-dlp-sample-plugins](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp-sample-plugins) for an example.
       * Note: plugin files between plugin packages installed with pip must have unique filenames.
     * Any path in `PYTHONPATH` is searched in for the `yt_dlp_plugins` namespace folder.
-      * Note: This does not apply for Pyinstaller/py2exe builds.
+      * Note: This does not apply for Pyinstaller builds.
 
 
 `.zip`, `.egg` and `.whl` archives containing a `yt_dlp_plugins` namespace folder in their root are also supported as plugin packages.
@@ -2151,9 +2159,9 @@ with yt_dlp.YoutubeDL(ydl_opts) as ydl:
 * **YouTube improvements**:
     * Supports Clips, Stories (`ytstories:<channel UCID>`), Search (including filters)**\***, YouTube Music Search, Channel-specific search, Search prefixes (`ytsearch:`, `ytsearchdate:`)**\***, Mixes, and Feeds (`:ytfav`, `:ytwatchlater`, `:ytsubs`, `:ythistory`, `:ytrec`, `:ytnotif`)
     * Fix for [n-sig based throttling](https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/29326) **\***
-    * Supports some (but not all) age-gated content without cookies
     * Download livestreams from the start using `--live-from-start` (*experimental*)
     * Channel URLs download all uploads of the channel, including shorts and live
+    * Support for [logging in with OAuth](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/wiki/Extractors#logging-in-with-oauth)
 
 * **Cookies from browser**: Cookies can be automatically extracted from all major web browsers using `--cookies-from-browser BROWSER[+KEYRING][:PROFILE][::CONTAINER]`
 
@@ -2177,9 +2185,9 @@ with yt_dlp.YoutubeDL(ydl_opts) as ydl:
 
 * **Output template improvements**: Output templates can now have date-time formatting, numeric offsets, object traversal etc. See [output template](#output-template) for details. Even more advanced operations can also be done with the help of `--parse-metadata` and `--replace-in-metadata`
 
-* **Other new options**: Many new options have been added such as `--alias`, `--print`, `--concat-playlist`, `--wait-for-video`, `--retry-sleep`, `--sleep-requests`, `--convert-thumbnails`, `--force-download-archive`, `--force-overwrites`, `--break-match-filter` etc
+* **Other new options**: Many new options have been added such as `--alias`, `--print`, `--concat-playlist`, `--wait-for-video`, `--retry-sleep`, `--sleep-requests`, `--convert-thumbnails`, `--force-download-archive`, `--force-overwrites`, `--break-match-filters` etc
 
-* **Improvements**: Regex and other operators in `--format`/`--match-filter`, multiple `--postprocessor-args` and `--downloader-args`, faster archive checking, more [format selection options](#format-selection), merge multi-video/audio, multiple `--config-locations`, `--exec` at different stages, etc
+* **Improvements**: Regex and other operators in `--format`/`--match-filters`, multiple `--postprocessor-args` and `--downloader-args`, faster archive checking, more [format selection options](#format-selection), merge multi-video/audio, multiple `--config-locations`, `--exec` at different stages, etc
 
 * **Plugins**: Extractors and PostProcessors can be loaded from an external file. See [plugins](#plugins) for details
 
@@ -2195,12 +2203,12 @@ Features marked with a **\*** have been back-ported to youtube-dl
 
 Some of yt-dlp's default options are different from that of youtube-dl and youtube-dlc:
 
-* yt-dlp supports only [Python 3.8+](## "Windows 7"), and *may* remove support for more versions as they [become EOL](https://devguide.python.org/versions/#python-release-cycle); while [youtube-dl still supports Python 2.6+ and 3.2+](https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/30568#issue-1118238743)
+* yt-dlp supports only [Python 3.9+](## "Windows 8"), and will remove support for more versions as they [become EOL](https://devguide.python.org/versions/#python-release-cycle); while [youtube-dl still supports Python 2.6+ and 3.2+](https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/30568#issue-1118238743)
 * The options `--auto-number` (`-A`), `--title` (`-t`) and `--literal` (`-l`), no longer work. See [removed options](#Removed) for details
 * `avconv` is not supported as an alternative to `ffmpeg`
 * yt-dlp stores config files in slightly different locations to youtube-dl. See [CONFIGURATION](#configuration) for a list of correct locations
 * The default [output template](#output-template) is `%(title)s [%(id)s].%(ext)s`. There is no real reason for this change. This was changed before yt-dlp was ever made public and now there are no plans to change it back to `%(title)s-%(id)s.%(ext)s`. Instead, you may use `--compat-options filename`
-* The default [format sorting](#sorting-formats) is different from youtube-dl and prefers higher resolution and better codecs rather than higher bitrates. You can use the `--format-sort` option to change this to any order you prefer, or use `--compat-options format-sort` to use youtube-dl's sorting order
+* The default [format sorting](#sorting-formats) is different from youtube-dl and prefers higher resolution and better codecs rather than higher bitrates. You can use the `--format-sort` option to change this to any order you prefer, or use `--compat-options format-sort` to use youtube-dl's sorting order. Older versions of yt-dlp preferred VP9 due to its broader compatibility; you can use `--compat-options prefer-vp9-sort` to revert to that format sorting preference. These two compat options cannot be used together
 * The default format selector is `bv*+ba/b`. This means that if a combined video + audio format that is better than the best video-only format is found, the former will be preferred. Use `-f bv+ba/b` or `--compat-options format-spec` to revert this
 * Unlike youtube-dlc, yt-dlp does not allow merging multiple audio/video streams into one file by default (since this conflicts with the use of `-f bv*+ba`). If needed, this feature must be enabled using `--audio-multistreams` and `--video-multistreams`. You can also use `--compat-options multistreams` to enable both
 * `--no-abort-on-error` is enabled by default. Use `--abort-on-error` or `--compat-options abort-on-error` to abort on errors instead
@@ -2220,7 +2228,7 @@ Some of yt-dlp's default options are different from that of youtube-dl and youtu
 * `certifi` will be used for SSL root certificates, if installed. If you want to use system certificates (e.g. self-signed), use `--compat-options no-certifi`
 * yt-dlp's sanitization of invalid characters in filenames is different/smarter than in youtube-dl. You can use `--compat-options filename-sanitization` to revert to youtube-dl's behavior
 * ~~yt-dlp tries to parse the external downloader outputs into the standard progress output if possible (Currently implemented: [aria2c](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/5931)). You can use `--compat-options no-external-downloader-progress` to get the downloader output as-is~~
-* yt-dlp versions between 2021.09.01 and 2023.01.02 applies `--match-filter` to nested playlists. This was an unintentional side-effect of [8f18ac](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/8f18aca8717bb0dd49054555af8d386e5eda3a88) and is fixed in [d7b460](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d7b460d0e5fc710950582baed2e3fc616ed98a80). Use `--compat-options playlist-match-filter` to revert this
+* yt-dlp versions between 2021.09.01 and 2023.01.02 applies `--match-filters` to nested playlists. This was an unintentional side-effect of [8f18ac](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/8f18aca8717bb0dd49054555af8d386e5eda3a88) and is fixed in [d7b460](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d7b460d0e5fc710950582baed2e3fc616ed98a80). Use `--compat-options playlist-match-filter` to revert this
 * yt-dlp versions between 2021.11.10 and 2023.06.21 estimated `filesize_approx` values for fragmented/manifest formats. This was added for convenience in [f2fe69](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f2fe69c7b0d208bdb1f6292b4ae92bc1e1a7444a), but was reverted in [0dff8e](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0dff8e4d1e6e9fb938f4256ea9af7d81f42fd54f) due to the potentially extreme inaccuracy of the estimated values. Use `--compat-options manifest-filesize-approx` to keep extracting the estimated values
 * yt-dlp uses modern http client backends such as `requests`. Use `--compat-options prefer-legacy-http-handler` to prefer the legacy http handler (`urllib`) to be used for standard http requests.
 * The sub-modules `swfinterp`, `casefold` are removed.
@@ -2229,11 +2237,11 @@ Some of yt-dlp's default options are different from that of youtube-dl and youtu
 For ease of use, a few more compat options are available:
 
 * `--compat-options all`: Use all compat options (**Do NOT use this!**)
-* `--compat-options youtube-dl`: Same as `--compat-options all,-multistreams,-playlist-match-filter,-manifest-filesize-approx,-allow-unsafe-ext`
-* `--compat-options youtube-dlc`: Same as `--compat-options all,-no-live-chat,-no-youtube-channel-redirect,-playlist-match-filter,-manifest-filesize-approx,-allow-unsafe-ext`
+* `--compat-options youtube-dl`: Same as `--compat-options all,-multistreams,-playlist-match-filter,-manifest-filesize-approx,-allow-unsafe-ext,-prefer-vp9-sort`
+* `--compat-options youtube-dlc`: Same as `--compat-options all,-no-live-chat,-no-youtube-channel-redirect,-playlist-match-filter,-manifest-filesize-approx,-allow-unsafe-ext,-prefer-vp9-sort`
 * `--compat-options 2021`: Same as `--compat-options 2022,no-certifi,filename-sanitization,no-youtube-prefer-utc-upload-date`
 * `--compat-options 2022`: Same as `--compat-options 2023,playlist-match-filter,no-external-downloader-progress,prefer-legacy-http-handler,manifest-filesize-approx`
-* `--compat-options 2023`: Currently does nothing. Use this to enable all future compat options
+* `--compat-options 2023`: Same as `--compat-options prefer-vp9-sort`. Use this to enable all future compat options
 
 The following compat options restore vulnerable behavior from before security patches:
 
@@ -2266,13 +2274,13 @@ While these options are redundant, they are still expected to be used due to the
     --get-thumbnail                  --print thumbnail
     -e, --get-title                  --print title
     -g, --get-url                    --print urls
-    --match-title REGEX              --match-filter "title ~= (?i)REGEX"
-    --reject-title REGEX             --match-filter "title !~= (?i)REGEX"
-    --min-views COUNT                --match-filter "view_count >=? COUNT"
-    --max-views COUNT                --match-filter "view_count <=? COUNT"
-    --break-on-reject                Use --break-match-filter
-    --user-agent UA                  --add-header "User-Agent:UA"
-    --referer URL                    --add-header "Referer:URL"
+    --match-title REGEX              --match-filters "title ~= (?i)REGEX"
+    --reject-title REGEX             --match-filters "title !~= (?i)REGEX"
+    --min-views COUNT                --match-filters "view_count >=? COUNT"
+    --max-views COUNT                --match-filters "view_count <=? COUNT"
+    --break-on-reject                Use --break-match-filters
+    --user-agent UA                  --add-headers "User-Agent:UA"
+    --referer URL                    --add-headers "Referer:URL"
     --playlist-start NUMBER          -I NUMBER:
     --playlist-end NUMBER            -I :NUMBER
     --playlist-reverse               -I ::-1
diff --git a/bundle/py2exe.py b/bundle/py2exe.py
deleted file mode 100755
index 5b7f4883b..000000000
--- a/bundle/py2exe.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-
-# Allow execution from anywhere
-import os
-import sys
-
-sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))
-
-import warnings
-
-from py2exe import freeze
-
-from devscripts.utils import read_version
-
-VERSION = read_version()
-
-
-def main():
-    warnings.warn(
-        'py2exe builds do not support pycryptodomex and needs VC++14 to run. '
-        'It is recommended to run "pyinst.py" to build using pyinstaller instead')
-
-    freeze(
-        console=[{
-            'script': './yt_dlp/__main__.py',
-            'dest_base': 'yt-dlp',
-            'icon_resources': [(1, 'devscripts/logo.ico')],
-        }],
-        version_info={
-            'version': VERSION,
-            'description': 'A feature-rich command-line audio/video downloader',
-            'comments': 'Official repository: <https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp>',
-            'product_name': 'yt-dlp',
-            'product_version': VERSION,
-        },
-        options={
-            'bundle_files': 0,
-            'compressed': 1,
-            'optimize': 2,
-            'dist_dir': './dist',
-            'excludes': [
-                # py2exe cannot import Crypto
-                'Crypto',
-                'Cryptodome',
-                # requests >=2.32.0 breaks py2exe builds due to certifi dependency
-                'requests',
-                'urllib3',
-            ],
-            'dll_excludes': ['w9xpopen.exe', 'crypt32.dll'],
-            # Modules that are only imported dynamically must be added here
-            'includes': ['yt_dlp.compat._legacy', 'yt_dlp.compat._deprecated',
-                         'yt_dlp.utils._legacy', 'yt_dlp.utils._deprecated'],
-        },
-        zipfile=None,
-    )
-
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    main()
diff --git a/devscripts/changelog_override.json b/devscripts/changelog_override.json
index 5189de2d7..079e2f729 100644
--- a/devscripts/changelog_override.json
+++ b/devscripts/changelog_override.json
@@ -185,5 +185,59 @@
         "action": "add",
         "when": "6075a029dba70a89675ae1250e7cdfd91f0eba41",
         "short": "[priority] Security: [[ie/douyutv] Do not use dangerous javascript source/URL](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/security/advisories/GHSA-3v33-3wmw-3785)\n    - A dependency on potentially malicious third-party JavaScript code has been removed from the Douyu extractors"
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "add",
+        "when": "fb8b7f226d251e521a89b23c415e249e5b788e5c",
+        "short": "[priority] **The minimum *recommended* Python version has been raised to 3.9**\nSince Python 3.8 will reach end-of-life in October 2024, support for it will be dropped soon. [Read more](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10086)"
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "change",
+        "when": "b31b81d85f00601710d4fac590c3e4efb4133283",
+        "short": "[ci] Rerun failed tests (#11143)",
+        "authors": ["Grub4K"]
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "add",
+        "when": "a886cf3e900f4a2ec00af705f883539269545609",
+        "short": "[priority] **py2exe is no longer supported**\nThis release's `yt-dlp_min.exe` will be the last, and it's actually a PyInstaller-bundled executable so that yt-dlp users updating their py2exe build with `-U` will be automatically migrated. [Read more](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10087)"
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "add",
+        "when": "a886cf3e900f4a2ec00af705f883539269545609",
+        "short": "[priority] **Following this release, yt-dlp's Python dependencies *must* be installed using the `default` group**\nIf you're installing yt-dlp with pip/pipx or requiring yt-dlp in your own Python project, you'll need to specify `yt-dlp[default]` if you want to also install yt-dlp's optional dependencies (which were previously included by default). [Read more](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/11255)"
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "add",
+        "when": "87884f15580910e4e0fe0e1db73508debc657471",
+        "short": "[priority] **Beginning with this release, yt-dlp's Python dependencies *must* be installed using the `default` group**\nIf you're installing yt-dlp with pip/pipx or requiring yt-dlp in your own Python project, you'll need to specify `yt-dlp[default]` if you want to also install yt-dlp's optional dependencies (which were previously included by default). [Read more](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/11255)"
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "add",
+        "when": "d784464399b600ba9516bbcec6286f11d68974dd",
+        "short": "[priority] **The minimum *required* Python version has been raised to 3.9**\nPython 3.8 reached its end-of-life on 2024.10.07, and yt-dlp has now removed support for it. As an unfortunate side effect, the official `yt-dlp.exe` and `yt-dlp_x86.exe` binaries are no longer supported on Windows 7. [Read more](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10086)"
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "change",
+        "when": "914af9a0cf51c9a3f74aa88d952bee8334c67511",
+        "short": "Expand paths in `--plugin-dirs` (#11334)",
+        "authors": ["bashonly"]
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "change",
+        "when": "c29f5a7fae93a08f3cfbb6127b2faa75145b06a0",
+        "short": "[ie/generic] Do not impersonate by default (#11336)",
+        "authors": ["bashonly"]
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "change",
+        "when": "57212a5f97ce367590aaa5c3e9a135eead8f81f7",
+        "short": "[ie/vimeo] Fix API retries (#11351)",
+        "authors": ["bashonly"]
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "add",
+        "when": "52c0ffe40ad6e8404d93296f575007b05b04c686",
+        "short": "[priority] **Login with OAuth is no longer supported for YouTube**\nDue to a change made by the site, yt-dlp is no longer able to support OAuth login for YouTube. [Read more](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11462#issuecomment-2471703090)"
     }
 ]
diff --git a/devscripts/generate_aes_testdata.py b/devscripts/generate_aes_testdata.py
index 7f3c88bcf..73cf803b8 100644
--- a/devscripts/generate_aes_testdata.py
+++ b/devscripts/generate_aes_testdata.py
@@ -11,13 +11,12 @@ import codecs
 import subprocess
 
 from yt_dlp.aes import aes_encrypt, key_expansion
-from yt_dlp.utils import intlist_to_bytes
 
 secret_msg = b'Secret message goes here'
 
 
 def hex_str(int_list):
-    return codecs.encode(intlist_to_bytes(int_list), 'hex')
+    return codecs.encode(bytes(int_list), 'hex')
 
 
 def openssl_encode(algo, key, iv):
diff --git a/devscripts/make_changelog.py b/devscripts/make_changelog.py
index 00634fb91..7c876101b 100644
--- a/devscripts/make_changelog.py
+++ b/devscripts/make_changelog.py
@@ -71,14 +71,13 @@ class CommitGroup(enum.Enum):
     def get(cls, value: str) -> tuple[CommitGroup | None, str | None]:
         group, _, subgroup = (group.strip().lower() for group in value.partition('/'))
 
-        result = cls.group_lookup().get(group)
-        if not result:
-            if subgroup:
-                return None, value
-            subgroup = group
-            result = cls.subgroup_lookup().get(subgroup)
+        if result := cls.group_lookup().get(group):
+            return result, subgroup or None
 
-        return result, subgroup or None
+        if subgroup:
+            return None, value
+
+        return cls.subgroup_lookup().get(group), group or None
 
 
 @dataclass
@@ -136,8 +135,7 @@ class Changelog:
                 first = False
                 yield '\n<details><summary><h3>Changelog</h3></summary>\n'
 
-            group = groups[item]
-            if group:
+            if group := groups[item]:
                 yield self.format_module(item.value, group)
 
         if self._collapsible:
@@ -253,7 +251,7 @@ class CommitRange:
         ''', re.VERBOSE | re.DOTALL)
     EXTRACTOR_INDICATOR_RE = re.compile(r'(?:Fix|Add)\s+Extractors?', re.IGNORECASE)
     REVERT_RE = re.compile(r'(?:\[[^\]]+\]\s+)?(?i:Revert)\s+([\da-f]{40})')
-    FIXES_RE = re.compile(r'(?i:Fix(?:es)?(?:\s+bugs?)?(?:\s+in|\s+for)?|Revert|Improve)\s+([\da-f]{40})')
+    FIXES_RE = re.compile(r'(?i:(?:bug\s*)?fix(?:es)?(?:\s+bugs?)?(?:\s+in|\s+for)?|Improve)\s+([\da-f]{40})')
     UPSTREAM_MERGE_RE = re.compile(r'Update to ytdl-commit-([\da-f]+)')
 
     def __init__(self, start, end, default_author=None):
@@ -287,11 +285,16 @@ class CommitRange:
             short = next(lines)
             skip = short.startswith('Release ') or short == '[version] update'
 
+            fix_commitish = None
+            if match := self.FIXES_RE.search(short):
+                fix_commitish = match.group(1)
+
             authors = [default_author] if default_author else []
             for line in iter(lambda: next(lines), self.COMMIT_SEPARATOR):
-                match = self.AUTHOR_INDICATOR_RE.match(line)
-                if match:
+                if match := self.AUTHOR_INDICATOR_RE.match(line):
                     authors = sorted(map(str.strip, line[match.end():].split(',')), key=str.casefold)
+                if not fix_commitish and (match := self.FIXES_RE.fullmatch(line)):
+                    fix_commitish = match.group(1)
 
             commit = Commit(commit_hash, short, authors)
             if skip and (self._start or not i):
@@ -301,21 +304,17 @@ class CommitRange:
                 logger.debug(f'Reached Release commit, breaking: {commit}')
                 break
 
-            revert_match = self.REVERT_RE.fullmatch(commit.short)
-            if revert_match:
-                reverts[revert_match.group(1)] = commit
+            if match := self.REVERT_RE.fullmatch(commit.short):
+                reverts[match.group(1)] = commit
                 continue
 
-            fix_match = self.FIXES_RE.search(commit.short)
-            if fix_match:
-                commitish = fix_match.group(1)
-                fixes[commitish].append(commit)
+            if fix_commitish:
+                fixes[fix_commitish].append(commit)
 
             commits[commit.hash] = commit
 
         for commitish, revert_commit in reverts.items():
-            reverted = commits.pop(commitish, None)
-            if reverted:
+            if reverted := commits.pop(commitish, None):
                 logger.debug(f'{commitish} fully reverted {reverted}')
             else:
                 commits[revert_commit.hash] = revert_commit
@@ -461,8 +460,7 @@ def create_changelog(args):
 
     logger.info(f'Loaded {len(commits)} commits')
 
-    new_contributors = get_new_contributors(args.contributors_path, commits)
-    if new_contributors:
+    if new_contributors := get_new_contributors(args.contributors_path, commits):
         if args.contributors:
             write_file(args.contributors_path, '\n'.join(new_contributors) + '\n', mode='a')
         logger.info(f'New contributors: {", ".join(new_contributors)}')
diff --git a/devscripts/make_issue_template.py b/devscripts/make_issue_template.py
index a5d59f3c0..2a418ddbf 100644
--- a/devscripts/make_issue_template.py
+++ b/devscripts/make_issue_template.py
@@ -32,20 +32,29 @@ VERBOSE_TMPL = '''
       placeholder: |
         [debug] Command-line config: ['-vU', 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc']
         [debug] Encodings: locale cp65001, fs utf-8, pref cp65001, out utf-8, error utf-8, screen utf-8
-        [debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp [b634ba742] (win_exe)
-        [debug] Python 3.8.10 (CPython 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.22000-SP0
-        [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg N-106550-g072101bd52-20220410 (fdk,setts), ffprobe N-106624-g391ce570c8-20220415, phantomjs 2.1.1
-        [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.15.0, brotli-1.0.9, certifi-2022.06.15, mutagen-1.45.1, sqlite3-2.6.0, websockets-10.3
+        [debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds [1a176d874] (win_exe)
+        [debug] Python 3.10.11 (CPython AMD64 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.20348-SP0 (OpenSSL 1.1.1t  7 Feb 2023)
+        [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg 7.0.2 (setts), ffprobe 7.0.2
+        [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.21.0, brotli-1.1.0, certifi-2024.08.30, curl_cffi-0.5.10, mutagen-1.47.0, requests-2.32.3, sqlite3-3.40.1, urllib3-2.2.3, websockets-13.1
         [debug] Proxy map: {}
-        [debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests
-        [debug] Loaded 1893 extractors
-        [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds/releases/latest
+        [debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests, websockets, curl_cffi
+        [debug] Loaded 1838 extractors
+        [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest
+        Latest version: nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds
         yt-dlp is up to date (nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds)
         [youtube] Extracting URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc
         <more lines>
       render: shell
     validations:
       required: true
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        > [!CAUTION]
+        > ### GitHub is experiencing a high volume of malicious spam comments.
+        > ### If you receive any replies asking you download a file, do NOT follow the download links!
+        >
+        > Note that this issue may be temporarily locked as an anti-spam measure after it is opened.
 '''.strip()
 
 NO_SKIP = '''
diff --git a/devscripts/make_lazy_extractors.py b/devscripts/make_lazy_extractors.py
index d74ea202f..d288d8429 100644
--- a/devscripts/make_lazy_extractors.py
+++ b/devscripts/make_lazy_extractors.py
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 
 # Allow direct execution
 import os
-import shutil
 import sys
 
 sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))
@@ -34,18 +33,14 @@ MODULE_TEMPLATE = read_file('devscripts/lazy_load_template.py')
 
 
 def main():
+    os.environ['YTDLP_NO_PLUGINS'] = 'true'
+    os.environ['YTDLP_NO_LAZY_EXTRACTORS'] = 'true'
+
     lazy_extractors_filename = get_filename_args(default_outfile='yt_dlp/extractor/lazy_extractors.py')
-    if os.path.exists(lazy_extractors_filename):
-        os.remove(lazy_extractors_filename)
 
-    _ALL_CLASSES = get_all_ies()  # Must be before import
-
-    import yt_dlp.plugins
+    from yt_dlp.extractor.extractors import _ALL_CLASSES
     from yt_dlp.extractor.common import InfoExtractor, SearchInfoExtractor
 
-    # Filter out plugins
-    _ALL_CLASSES = [cls for cls in _ALL_CLASSES if not cls.__module__.startswith(f'{yt_dlp.plugins.PACKAGE_NAME}.')]
-
     DummyInfoExtractor = type('InfoExtractor', (InfoExtractor,), {'IE_NAME': NO_ATTR})
     module_src = '\n'.join((
         MODULE_TEMPLATE,
@@ -58,20 +53,6 @@ def main():
     write_file(lazy_extractors_filename, f'{module_src}\n')
 
 
-def get_all_ies():
-    PLUGINS_DIRNAME = 'ytdlp_plugins'
-    BLOCKED_DIRNAME = f'{PLUGINS_DIRNAME}_blocked'
-    if os.path.exists(PLUGINS_DIRNAME):
-        # os.rename cannot be used, e.g. in Docker. See https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/4958
-        shutil.move(PLUGINS_DIRNAME, BLOCKED_DIRNAME)
-    try:
-        from yt_dlp.extractor.extractors import _ALL_CLASSES
-    finally:
-        if os.path.exists(BLOCKED_DIRNAME):
-            shutil.move(BLOCKED_DIRNAME, PLUGINS_DIRNAME)
-    return _ALL_CLASSES
-
-
 def extra_ie_code(ie, base=None):
     for var in STATIC_CLASS_PROPERTIES:
         val = getattr(ie, var)
diff --git a/devscripts/run_tests.py b/devscripts/run_tests.py
index c605aa62c..eb614fe59 100755
--- a/devscripts/run_tests.py
+++ b/devscripts/run_tests.py
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ fix_test_name = functools.partial(re.compile(r'IE(_all|_\d+)?$').sub, r'\1')
 def parse_args():
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Run selected yt-dlp tests')
     parser.add_argument(
-        'test', help='a extractor tests, or one of "core" or "download"', nargs='*')
+        'test', help='an extractor test, test path, or one of "core" or "download"', nargs='*')
     parser.add_argument(
         '-k', help='run a test matching EXPRESSION. Same as "pytest -k"', metavar='EXPRESSION')
     parser.add_argument(
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ def parse_args():
 def run_tests(*tests, pattern=None, ci=False):
     run_core = 'core' in tests or (not pattern and not tests)
     run_download = 'download' in tests
-    tests = list(map(fix_test_name, tests))
 
     pytest_args = args.pytest_args or os.getenv('HATCH_TEST_ARGS', '')
     arguments = ['pytest', '-Werror', '--tb=short', *shlex.split(pytest_args)]
@@ -41,7 +40,9 @@ def run_tests(*tests, pattern=None, ci=False):
         arguments.extend(['-m', 'download'])
     else:
         arguments.extend(
-            f'test/test_download.py::TestDownload::test_{test}' for test in tests)
+            test if '/' in test
+            else f'test/test_download.py::TestDownload::test_{fix_test_name(test)}'
+            for test in tests)
 
     print(f'Running {arguments}', flush=True)
     try:
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index d5480e1c6..96e2d669a 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ maintainers = [
 ]
 description = "A feature-rich command-line audio/video downloader"
 readme = "README.md"
-requires-python = ">=3.8"
+requires-python = ">=3.9"
 keywords = [
     "youtube-dl",
     "video-downloader",
@@ -29,11 +29,11 @@ classifiers = [
     "Environment :: Console",
     "Programming Language :: Python",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only",
-    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy",
@@ -41,7 +41,10 @@ classifiers = [
     "Operating System :: OS Independent",
 ]
 dynamic = ["version"]
-dependencies = [
+dependencies = []
+
+[project.optional-dependencies]
+default = [
     "brotli; implementation_name=='cpython'",
     "brotlicffi; implementation_name!='cpython'",
     "certifi",
@@ -49,14 +52,11 @@ dependencies = [
     "pycryptodomex",
     "requests>=2.32.2,<3",
     "urllib3>=1.26.17,<3",
-    "websockets>=12.0",
+    "websockets>=13.0",
 ]
-
-[project.optional-dependencies]
-default = []
 curl-cffi = [
     "curl-cffi==0.5.10; os_name=='nt' and implementation_name=='cpython'",
-    "curl-cffi>=0.5.10,!=0.6.*,<0.8; os_name!='nt' and implementation_name=='cpython'",
+    "curl-cffi>=0.5.10,!=0.6.*,<0.7.2; os_name!='nt' and implementation_name=='cpython'",
 ]
 secretstorage = [
     "cffi",
@@ -76,16 +76,14 @@ dev = [
 ]
 static-analysis = [
     "autopep8~=2.0",
-    "ruff~=0.5.0",
+    "ruff~=0.8.0",
 ]
 test = [
     "pytest~=8.1",
+    "pytest-rerunfailures~=14.0",
 ]
 pyinstaller = [
-    "pyinstaller>=6.7.0",  # for compat with setuptools>=70
-]
-py2exe = [
-    "py2exe>=0.12",
+    "pyinstaller>=6.11.1",  # Windows temp cleanup fixed in 6.11.1
 ]
 
 [project.urls]
@@ -162,7 +160,6 @@ lint-fix = "ruff check --fix {args:.}"
 features = ["test"]
 dependencies = [
     "pytest-randomly~=3.15",
-    "pytest-rerunfailures~=14.0",
     "pytest-xdist[psutil]~=3.5",
 ]
 
@@ -172,13 +169,11 @@ run-cov = "echo Code coverage not implemented && exit 1"
 
 [[tool.hatch.envs.hatch-test.matrix]]
 python = [
-    "3.8",
     "3.9",
     "3.10",
     "3.11",
     "3.12",
-    "pypy3.8",
-    "pypy3.9",
+    "3.13",
     "pypy3.10",
 ]
 
@@ -191,6 +186,7 @@ ignore = [
     "E501",    # line-too-long
     "E731",    # lambda-assignment
     "E741",    # ambiguous-variable-name
+    "UP031",   # printf-string-formatting
     "UP036",   # outdated-version-block
     "B006",    # mutable-argument-default
     "B008",    # function-call-in-default-argument
@@ -263,9 +259,6 @@ select = [
     "A002",   # builtin-argument-shadowing
     "C408",   # unnecessary-collection-call
 ]
-"yt_dlp/jsinterp.py" = [
-    "UP031",  # printf-string-formatting
-]
 
 [tool.ruff.lint.isort]
 known-first-party = [
@@ -318,6 +311,16 @@ banned-from = [
 "yt_dlp.compat.compat_urllib_parse_urlparse".msg = "Use `urllib.parse.urlparse` instead."
 "yt_dlp.compat.compat_shlex_quote".msg = "Use `yt_dlp.utils.shell_quote` instead."
 "yt_dlp.utils.error_to_compat_str".msg = "Use `str` instead."
+"yt_dlp.utils.bytes_to_intlist".msg = "Use `list` instead."
+"yt_dlp.utils.intlist_to_bytes".msg = "Use `bytes` instead."
+"yt_dlp.utils.decodeArgument".msg = "Do not use"
+"yt_dlp.utils.decodeFilename".msg = "Do not use"
+"yt_dlp.utils.encodeFilename".msg = "Do not use"
+"yt_dlp.compat.compat_os_name".msg = "Use `os.name` instead."
+"yt_dlp.compat.compat_realpath".msg = "Use `os.path.realpath` instead."
+"yt_dlp.compat.functools".msg = "Use `functools` instead."
+"yt_dlp.utils.decodeOption".msg = "Do not use"
+"yt_dlp.utils.compiled_regex_type".msg = "Use `re.Pattern` instead."
 
 [tool.autopep8]
 max_line_length = 120
diff --git a/setup.cfg b/setup.cfg
index 340cc3b4d..20d40cd30 100644
--- a/setup.cfg
+++ b/setup.cfg
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ remove-unused-variables = true
 
 [tox:tox]
 skipsdist = true
-envlist = py{38,39,310,311,312},pypy{38,39,310}
+envlist = py{39,310,311,312,313},pypy310
 skip_missing_interpreters = true
 
 [testenv]  # tox
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ setenv =
 
 
 [isort]
-py_version = 38
+py_version = 39
 multi_line_output = VERTICAL_HANGING_INDENT
 line_length = 80
 reverse_relative = true
diff --git a/supportedsites.md b/supportedsites.md
index e3bbe03ec..916735e08 100644
--- a/supportedsites.md
+++ b/supportedsites.md
@@ -45,10 +45,6 @@
  - **aenetworks:collection**
  - **aenetworks:show**
  - **AeonCo**
- - **afreecatv**: [*afreecatv*](## "netrc machine") afreecatv.com
- - **afreecatv:catchstory**: [*afreecatv*](## "netrc machine") afreecatv.com catch story
- - **afreecatv:live**: [*afreecatv*](## "netrc machine") afreecatv.com livestreams
- - **afreecatv:user**
  - **AirTV**
  - **AitubeKZVideo**
  - **AliExpressLive**
@@ -133,6 +129,8 @@
  - **Bandcamp:album**
  - **Bandcamp:user**
  - **Bandcamp:weekly**
+ - **Bandlab**
+ - **BandlabPlaylist**
  - **BannedVideo**
  - **bbc**: [*bbc*](## "netrc machine") BBC
  - **bbc.co.uk**: [*bbc*](## "netrc machine") BBC iPlayer
@@ -143,6 +141,7 @@
  - **BBVTV**: [*bbvtv*](## "netrc machine")
  - **BBVTVLive**: [*bbvtv*](## "netrc machine")
  - **BBVTVRecordings**: [*bbvtv*](## "netrc machine")
+ - **BeaconTv**
  - **BeatBumpPlaylist**
  - **BeatBumpVideo**
  - **Beatport**
@@ -193,6 +192,7 @@
  - **blerp**
  - **blogger.com**
  - **Bloomberg**
+ - **Bluesky**
  - **BokeCC**
  - **BongaCams**
  - **Boosty**
@@ -250,9 +250,10 @@
  - **cbsnews:livevideo**: CBS News Live Videos
  - **cbssports**: (**Currently broken**)
  - **cbssports:embed**: (**Currently broken**)
- - **CCMA**
+ - **CCMA**: 3Cat, TV3 and Catalunya Ràdio
  - **CCTV**: 央视网
  - **CDA**: [*cdapl*](## "netrc machine")
+ - **CDAFolder**
  - **Cellebrite**
  - **CeskaTelevize**
  - **CGTN**
@@ -282,8 +283,6 @@
  - **cmt.com**: (**Currently broken**)
  - **CNBCVideo**
  - **CNN**
- - **CNNArticle**
- - **CNNBlogs**
  - **CNNIndonesia**
  - **ComedyCentral**
  - **ComedyCentralTV**
@@ -487,6 +486,7 @@
  - **Gab**
  - **GabTV**
  - **Gaia**: [*gaia*](## "netrc machine")
+ - **GameDevTVDashboard**: [*gamedevtv*](## "netrc machine")
  - **GameJolt**
  - **GameJoltCommunity**
  - **GameJoltGame**
@@ -505,6 +505,7 @@
  - **gem.cbc.ca:playlist**
  - **Genius**
  - **GeniusLyrics**
+ - **Germanupa**: germanupa.de
  - **GetCourseRu**: [*getcourseru*](## "netrc machine")
  - **GetCourseRuPlayer**
  - **Gettr**
@@ -580,6 +581,7 @@
  - **HungamaAlbumPlaylist**
  - **HungamaSong**
  - **huya:live**: huya.com
+ - **huya:video**: 虎牙视频
  - **Hypem**
  - **Hytale**
  - **Icareus**
@@ -652,6 +654,8 @@
  - **Karaoketv**
  - **Katsomo**: (**Currently broken**)
  - **KelbyOne**: (**Currently broken**)
+ - **Kenh14Playlist**
+ - **Kenh14Video**
  - **Ketnet**
  - **khanacademy**
  - **khanacademy:unit**
@@ -660,6 +664,7 @@
  - **kick:vod**
  - **Kicker**
  - **KickStarter**
+ - **Kika**: KiKA.de
  - **kinja:embed**
  - **KinoPoisk**
  - **Kommunetv**
@@ -684,9 +689,9 @@
  - **LastFMPlaylist**
  - **LastFMUser**
  - **LaXarxaMes**: [*laxarxames*](## "netrc machine")
- - **lbry**
- - **lbry:channel**
- - **lbry:playlist**
+ - **lbry**: odysee.com
+ - **lbry:channel**: odysee.com channels
+ - **lbry:playlist**: odysee.com playlists
  - **LCI**
  - **Lcp**
  - **LcpPlay**
@@ -722,7 +727,6 @@
  - **livestream:original**
  - **Livestreamfails**
  - **Lnk**
- - **LnkGo**
  - **loc**: Library of Congress
  - **loom**
  - **loom:folder**
@@ -756,7 +760,7 @@
  - **Masters**
  - **MatchTV**
  - **MBN**: mbn.co.kr (매일방송)
- - **MDR**: MDR.DE and KiKA
+ - **MDR**: MDR.DE
  - **MedalTV**
  - **media.ccc.de**
  - **media.ccc.de:lists**
@@ -785,10 +789,6 @@
  - **MicrosoftLearnSession**
  - **MicrosoftMedius**
  - **microsoftstream**: Microsoft Stream
- - **mildom**: Record ongoing live by specific user in Mildom
- - **mildom:clip**: Clip in Mildom
- - **mildom:​user:vod**: Download all VODs from specific user in Mildom
- - **mildom:vod**: VOD in Mildom
  - **minds**
  - **minds:channel**
  - **minds:group**
@@ -799,6 +799,7 @@
  - **MiTele**: mitele.es
  - **mixch**
  - **mixch:archive**
+ - **mixch:movie**
  - **mixcloud**
  - **mixcloud:playlist**
  - **mixcloud:user**
@@ -811,6 +812,7 @@
  - **MNetTVLive**: [*mnettv*](## "netrc machine")
  - **MNetTVRecordings**: [*mnettv*](## "netrc machine")
  - **MochaVideo**
+ - **Mojevideo**: mojevideo.sk
  - **Mojvideo**
  - **Monstercat**
  - **MonsterSirenHypergryphMusic**
@@ -1042,8 +1044,8 @@
  - **Parler**: Posts on parler.com
  - **parliamentlive.tv**: UK parliament videos
  - **Parlview**: (**Currently broken**)
- - **Patreon**
- - **PatreonCampaign**
+ - **patreon**
+ - **patreon:campaign**
  - **pbs**: Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) and member stations: PBS: Public Broadcasting Service, APT - Alabama Public Television (WBIQ), GPB/Georgia Public Broadcasting (WGTV), Mississippi Public Broadcasting (WMPN), Nashville Public Television (WNPT), WFSU-TV (WFSU), WSRE (WSRE), WTCI (WTCI), WPBA/Channel 30 (WPBA), Alaska Public Media (KAKM), Arizona PBS (KAET), KNME-TV/Channel 5 (KNME), Vegas PBS (KLVX), AETN/ARKANSAS ETV NETWORK (KETS), KET (WKLE), WKNO/Channel 10 (WKNO), LPB/LOUISIANA PUBLIC BROADCASTING (WLPB), OETA (KETA), Ozarks Public Television (KOZK), WSIU Public Broadcasting (WSIU), KEET TV (KEET), KIXE/Channel 9 (KIXE), KPBS San Diego (KPBS), KQED (KQED), KVIE Public Television (KVIE), PBS SoCal/KOCE (KOCE), ValleyPBS (KVPT), CONNECTICUT PUBLIC TELEVISION (WEDH), KNPB Channel 5 (KNPB), SOPTV (KSYS), Rocky Mountain PBS (KRMA), KENW-TV3 (KENW), KUED Channel 7 (KUED), Wyoming PBS (KCWC), Colorado Public Television / KBDI 12 (KBDI), KBYU-TV (KBYU), Thirteen/WNET New York (WNET), WGBH/Channel 2 (WGBH), WGBY (WGBY), NJTV Public Media NJ (WNJT), WLIW21 (WLIW), mpt/Maryland Public Television (WMPB), WETA Television and Radio (WETA), WHYY (WHYY), PBS 39 (WLVT), WVPT - Your Source for PBS and More! (WVPT), Howard University Television (WHUT), WEDU PBS (WEDU), WGCU Public Media (WGCU), WPBT2 (WPBT), WUCF TV (WUCF), WUFT/Channel 5 (WUFT), WXEL/Channel 42 (WXEL), WLRN/Channel 17 (WLRN), WUSF Public Broadcasting (WUSF), ETV (WRLK), UNC-TV (WUNC), PBS Hawaii - Oceanic Cable Channel 10 (KHET), Idaho Public Television (KAID), KSPS (KSPS), OPB (KOPB), KWSU/Channel 10 & KTNW/Channel 31 (KWSU), WILL-TV (WILL), Network Knowledge - WSEC/Springfield (WSEC), WTTW11 (WTTW), Iowa Public Television/IPTV (KDIN), Nine Network (KETC), PBS39 Fort Wayne (WFWA), WFYI Indianapolis (WFYI), Milwaukee Public Television (WMVS), WNIN (WNIN), WNIT Public Television (WNIT), WPT (WPNE), WVUT/Channel 22 (WVUT), WEIU/Channel 51 (WEIU), WQPT-TV (WQPT), WYCC PBS Chicago (WYCC), WIPB-TV (WIPB), WTIU (WTIU), CET  (WCET), ThinkTVNetwork (WPTD), WBGU-TV (WBGU), WGVU TV (WGVU), NET1 (KUON), Pioneer Public Television (KWCM), SDPB Television (KUSD), TPT (KTCA), KSMQ (KSMQ), KPTS/Channel 8 (KPTS), KTWU/Channel 11 (KTWU), East Tennessee PBS (WSJK), WCTE-TV (WCTE), WLJT, Channel 11 (WLJT), WOSU TV (WOSU), WOUB/WOUC (WOUB), WVPB (WVPB), WKYU-PBS (WKYU), KERA 13 (KERA), MPBN (WCBB), Mountain Lake PBS (WCFE), NHPTV (WENH), Vermont PBS (WETK), witf (WITF), WQED Multimedia (WQED), WMHT Educational Telecommunications (WMHT), Q-TV (WDCQ), WTVS Detroit Public TV (WTVS), CMU Public Television (WCMU), WKAR-TV (WKAR), WNMU-TV Public TV 13 (WNMU), WDSE - WRPT (WDSE), WGTE TV (WGTE), Lakeland Public Television (KAWE), KMOS-TV - Channels 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3 (KMOS), MontanaPBS (KUSM), KRWG/Channel 22 (KRWG), KACV (KACV), KCOS/Channel 13 (KCOS), WCNY/Channel 24 (WCNY), WNED (WNED), WPBS (WPBS), WSKG Public TV (WSKG), WXXI (WXXI), WPSU (WPSU), WVIA Public Media Studios (WVIA), WTVI (WTVI), Western Reserve PBS (WNEO), WVIZ/PBS ideastream (WVIZ), KCTS 9 (KCTS), Basin PBS (KPBT), KUHT / Channel 8 (KUHT), KLRN (KLRN), KLRU (KLRU), WTJX Channel 12 (WTJX), WCVE PBS (WCVE), KBTC Public Television (KBTC)
  - **PBSKids**
  - **PearVideo**
@@ -1060,8 +1062,8 @@
  - **PhilharmonieDeParis**: Philharmonie de Paris
  - **phoenix.de**
  - **Photobucket**
+ - **PiaLive**
  - **Piapro**: [*piapro*](## "netrc machine")
- - **PIAULIZAPortal**: ulizaportal.jp - PIA LIVE STREAM
  - **Picarto**
  - **PicartoVod**
  - **Piksel**
@@ -1088,8 +1090,6 @@
  - **PodbayFMChannel**
  - **Podchaser**
  - **podomatic**: (**Currently broken**)
- - **Pokemon**
- - **PokemonWatch**
  - **PokerGo**: [*pokergo*](## "netrc machine")
  - **PokerGoCollection**: [*pokergo*](## "netrc machine")
  - **PolsatGo**
@@ -1160,6 +1160,7 @@
  - **RadioJavan**: (**Currently broken**)
  - **radiokapital**
  - **radiokapital:show**
+ - **RadioRadicale**
  - **RadioZetPodcast**
  - **radlive**
  - **radlive:channel**
@@ -1285,12 +1286,14 @@
  - **Screencast**
  - **Screencastify**
  - **ScreencastOMatic**
+ - **ScreenRec**
  - **ScrippsNetworks**
  - **scrippsnetworks:watch**
  - **Scrolller**
  - **SCTE**: [*scte*](## "netrc machine") (**Currently broken**)
  - **SCTECourse**: [*scte*](## "netrc machine") (**Currently broken**)
  - **sejm**
+ - **Sen**
  - **SenalColombiaLive**: (**Currently broken**)
  - **SenateGov**
  - **SenateISVP**
@@ -1327,11 +1330,16 @@
  - **SlidesLive**
  - **Slutload**
  - **Smotrim**
+ - **SnapchatSpotlight**
  - **Snotr**
  - **Sohu**
  - **SohuV**
  - **SonyLIV**: [*sonyliv*](## "netrc machine")
  - **SonyLIVSeries**
+ - **soop**: [*afreecatv*](## "netrc machine") sooplive.co.kr
+ - **soop:catchstory**: [*afreecatv*](## "netrc machine") sooplive.co.kr catch story
+ - **soop:live**: [*afreecatv*](## "netrc machine") sooplive.co.kr livestreams
+ - **soop:user**: [*afreecatv*](## "netrc machine")
  - **soundcloud**: [*soundcloud*](## "netrc machine")
  - **soundcloud:playlist**: [*soundcloud*](## "netrc machine")
  - **soundcloud:related**: [*soundcloud*](## "netrc machine")
@@ -1360,9 +1368,7 @@
  - **spotify**: Spotify episodes (**Currently broken**)
  - **spotify:show**: Spotify shows (**Currently broken**)
  - **Spreaker**
- - **SpreakerPage**
  - **SpreakerShow**
- - **SpreakerShowPage**
  - **SpringboardPlatform**
  - **Sprout**
  - **SproutVideo**
@@ -1438,7 +1444,7 @@
  - **TeleQuebecSquat**
  - **TeleQuebecVideo**
  - **TeleTask**: (**Currently broken**)
- - **Telewebion**
+ - **Telewebion**: (**Currently broken**)
  - **Tempo**
  - **TennisTV**: [*tennistv*](## "netrc machine")
  - **TenPlay**: [*10play*](## "netrc machine")
@@ -1563,6 +1569,8 @@
  - **UFCTV**: [*ufctv*](## "netrc machine")
  - **ukcolumn**: (**Currently broken**)
  - **UKTVPlay**
+ - **UlizaPlayer**
+ - **UlizaPortal**: ulizaportal.jp
  - **umg:de**: Universal Music Deutschland (**Currently broken**)
  - **Unistra**
  - **Unity**: (**Currently broken**)
@@ -1580,8 +1588,6 @@
  - **Varzesh3**: (**Currently broken**)
  - **Vbox7**
  - **Veo**
- - **Veoh**
- - **veoh:user**
  - **Vesti**: Вести.Ru (**Currently broken**)
  - **Vevo**
  - **VevoPlaylist**
@@ -1608,6 +1614,7 @@
  - **videomore:season**
  - **videomore:video**
  - **VideoPress**
+ - **Vidflex**
  - **Vidio**: [*vidio*](## "netrc machine")
  - **VidioLive**: [*vidio*](## "netrc machine")
  - **VidioPremier**: [*vidio*](## "netrc machine")
@@ -1736,7 +1743,7 @@
  - **XiaoHongShu**: 小红书
  - **ximalaya**: 喜马拉雅FM
  - **ximalaya:album**: 喜马拉雅FM 专辑
- - **xinpianchang**: xinpianchang.com (**Currently broken**)
+ - **Xinpianchang**: 新片场
  - **XMinus**: (**Currently broken**)
  - **XNXX**
  - **Xstream**
@@ -1770,24 +1777,24 @@
  - **YouPornStar**: YouPorn Pornstar, with description, sorting and pagination
  - **YouPornTag**: YouPorn tag (porntags), with sorting, filtering and pagination
  - **YouPornVideos**: YouPorn video (browse) playlists, with sorting, filtering and pagination
- - **youtube**: YouTube
- - **youtube:clip**
- - **youtube:favorites**: YouTube liked videos; ":ytfav" keyword (requires cookies)
- - **youtube:history**: Youtube watch history; ":ythis" keyword (requires cookies)
- - **youtube:​music:search_url**: YouTube music search URLs with selectable sections, e.g. #songs
- - **youtube:notif**: YouTube notifications; ":ytnotif" keyword (requires cookies)
- - **youtube:playlist**: YouTube playlists
- - **youtube:recommended**: YouTube recommended videos; ":ytrec" keyword
- - **youtube:search**: YouTube search; "ytsearch:" prefix
- - **youtube:​search:date**: YouTube search, newest videos first; "ytsearchdate:" prefix
- - **youtube:search_url**: YouTube search URLs with sorting and filter support
- - **youtube:​shorts:pivot:audio**: YouTube Shorts audio pivot (Shorts using audio of a given video)
- - **youtube:subscriptions**: YouTube subscriptions feed; ":ytsubs" keyword (requires cookies)
- - **youtube:tab**: YouTube Tabs
- - **youtube:user**: YouTube user videos; "ytuser:" prefix
- - **youtube:watchlater**: Youtube watch later list; ":ytwatchlater" keyword (requires cookies)
- - **YoutubeLivestreamEmbed**: YouTube livestream embeds
- - **YoutubeYtBe**: youtu.be
+ - **youtube**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") YouTube
+ - **youtube:clip**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine")
+ - **youtube:favorites**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") YouTube liked videos; ":ytfav" keyword (requires cookies)
+ - **youtube:history**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") Youtube watch history; ":ythis" keyword (requires cookies)
+ - **youtube:​music:search_url**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") YouTube music search URLs with selectable sections, e.g. #songs
+ - **youtube:notif**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") YouTube notifications; ":ytnotif" keyword (requires cookies)
+ - **youtube:playlist**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") YouTube playlists
+ - **youtube:recommended**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") YouTube recommended videos; ":ytrec" keyword
+ - **youtube:search**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") YouTube search; "ytsearch:" prefix
+ - **youtube:​search:date**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") YouTube search, newest videos first; "ytsearchdate:" prefix
+ - **youtube:search_url**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") YouTube search URLs with sorting and filter support
+ - **youtube:​shorts:pivot:audio**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") YouTube Shorts audio pivot (Shorts using audio of a given video)
+ - **youtube:subscriptions**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") YouTube subscriptions feed; ":ytsubs" keyword (requires cookies)
+ - **youtube:tab**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") YouTube Tabs
+ - **youtube:user**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") YouTube user videos; "ytuser:" prefix
+ - **youtube:watchlater**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") Youtube watch later list; ":ytwatchlater" keyword (requires cookies)
+ - **YoutubeLivestreamEmbed**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") YouTube livestream embeds
+ - **YoutubeYtBe**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") youtu.be
  - **Zaiko**
  - **ZaikoETicket**
  - **Zapiks**
diff --git a/test/helper.py b/test/helper.py
index 3b550d192..c776e70b7 100644
--- a/test/helper.py
+++ b/test/helper.py
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import types
 
 import yt_dlp.extractor
 from yt_dlp import YoutubeDL
-from yt_dlp.compat import compat_os_name
 from yt_dlp.utils import preferredencoding, try_call, write_string, find_available_port
 
 if 'pytest' in sys.modules:
@@ -49,7 +48,7 @@ def report_warning(message, *args, **kwargs):
     Print the message to stderr, it will be prefixed with 'WARNING:'
     If stderr is a tty file the 'WARNING:' will be colored
     """
-    if sys.stderr.isatty() and compat_os_name != 'nt':
+    if sys.stderr.isatty() and os.name != 'nt':
         _msg_header = '\033[0;33mWARNING:\033[0m'
     else:
         _msg_header = 'WARNING:'
diff --git a/test/test_InfoExtractor.py b/test/test_InfoExtractor.py
index 31e8f8244..54f35ef55 100644
--- a/test/test_InfoExtractor.py
+++ b/test/test_InfoExtractor.py
@@ -53,6 +53,18 @@ class TestInfoExtractor(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_ie_key(self):
         self.assertEqual(get_info_extractor(YoutubeIE.ie_key()), YoutubeIE)
 
+    def test_get_netrc_login_info(self):
+        for params in [
+            {'usenetrc': True, 'netrc_location': './test/testdata/netrc/netrc'},
+            {'netrc_cmd': f'{sys.executable} ./test/testdata/netrc/print_netrc.py'},
+        ]:
+            ie = DummyIE(FakeYDL(params))
+            self.assertEqual(ie._get_netrc_login_info(netrc_machine='normal_use'), ('user', 'pass'))
+            self.assertEqual(ie._get_netrc_login_info(netrc_machine='empty_user'), ('', 'pass'))
+            self.assertEqual(ie._get_netrc_login_info(netrc_machine='empty_pass'), ('user', ''))
+            self.assertEqual(ie._get_netrc_login_info(netrc_machine='both_empty'), ('', ''))
+            self.assertEqual(ie._get_netrc_login_info(netrc_machine='nonexistent'), (None, None))
+
     def test_html_search_regex(self):
         html = '<p id="foo">Watch this <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc">video</a></p>'
         search = lambda re, *args: self.ie._html_search_regex(re, html, *args)
diff --git a/test/test_YoutubeDL.py b/test/test_YoutubeDL.py
index 1847c4ffd..966d27a49 100644
--- a/test/test_YoutubeDL.py
+++ b/test/test_YoutubeDL.py
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ import json
 
 from test.helper import FakeYDL, assertRegexpMatches, try_rm
 from yt_dlp import YoutubeDL
-from yt_dlp.compat import compat_os_name
 from yt_dlp.extractor import YoutubeIE
 from yt_dlp.extractor.common import InfoExtractor
 from yt_dlp.postprocessor.common import PostProcessor
@@ -236,6 +235,35 @@ class TestFormatSelection(unittest.TestCase):
         downloaded = ydl.downloaded_info_dicts[0]
         self.assertEqual(downloaded['format_id'], 'vid-vcodec-dot')
 
+    def test_format_selection_by_vcodec_sort(self):
+        formats = [
+            {'format_id': 'av1-format', 'ext': 'mp4', 'vcodec': 'av1', 'acodec': 'none', 'url': TEST_URL},
+            {'format_id': 'vp9-hdr-format', 'ext': 'mp4', 'vcodec': 'vp09.02.50.10.01.09.18.09.00', 'acodec': 'none', 'url': TEST_URL},
+            {'format_id': 'vp9-sdr-format', 'ext': 'mp4', 'vcodec': 'vp09.00.50.08', 'acodec': 'none', 'url': TEST_URL},
+            {'format_id': 'h265-format', 'ext': 'mp4', 'vcodec': 'h265', 'acodec': 'none', 'url': TEST_URL},
+        ]
+        info_dict = _make_result(formats)
+
+        ydl = YDL({'format': 'bestvideo', 'format_sort': ['vcodec:vp9.2']})
+        ydl.process_ie_result(info_dict.copy())
+        downloaded = ydl.downloaded_info_dicts[0]
+        self.assertEqual(downloaded['format_id'], 'vp9-hdr-format')
+
+        ydl = YDL({'format': 'bestvideo', 'format_sort': ['vcodec:vp9']})
+        ydl.process_ie_result(info_dict.copy())
+        downloaded = ydl.downloaded_info_dicts[0]
+        self.assertEqual(downloaded['format_id'], 'vp9-sdr-format')
+
+        ydl = YDL({'format': 'bestvideo', 'format_sort': ['+vcodec:vp9.2']})
+        ydl.process_ie_result(info_dict.copy())
+        downloaded = ydl.downloaded_info_dicts[0]
+        self.assertEqual(downloaded['format_id'], 'vp9-hdr-format')
+
+        ydl = YDL({'format': 'bestvideo', 'format_sort': ['+vcodec:vp9']})
+        ydl.process_ie_result(info_dict.copy())
+        downloaded = ydl.downloaded_info_dicts[0]
+        self.assertEqual(downloaded['format_id'], 'vp9-sdr-format')
+
     def test_format_selection_string_ops(self):
         formats = [
             {'format_id': 'abc-cba', 'ext': 'mp4', 'url': TEST_URL},
@@ -810,8 +838,8 @@ class TestYoutubeDL(unittest.TestCase):
         test('%(filesize)#D', '1Ki')
         test('%(height)5.2D', ' 1.08k')
         test('%(title4)#S', 'foo_bar_test')
-        test('%(title4).10S', ('foo ＂bar＂ ', 'foo ＂bar＂' + ('#' if compat_os_name == 'nt' else ' ')))
-        if compat_os_name == 'nt':
+        test('%(title4).10S', ('foo ＂bar＂ ', 'foo ＂bar＂' + ('#' if os.name == 'nt' else ' ')))
+        if os.name == 'nt':
             test('%(title4)q', ('"foo ""bar"" test"', None))
             test('%(formats.:.id)#q', ('"id 1" "id 2" "id 3"', None))
             test('%(formats.0.id)#q', ('"id 1"', None))
@@ -874,9 +902,9 @@ class TestYoutubeDL(unittest.TestCase):
 
         # Environment variable expansion for prepare_filename
         os.environ['__yt_dlp_var'] = 'expanded'
-        envvar = '%__yt_dlp_var%' if compat_os_name == 'nt' else '$__yt_dlp_var'
+        envvar = '%__yt_dlp_var%' if os.name == 'nt' else '$__yt_dlp_var'
         test(envvar, (envvar, 'expanded'))
-        if compat_os_name == 'nt':
+        if os.name == 'nt':
             test('%s%', ('%s%', '%s%'))
             os.environ['s'] = 'expanded'
             test('%s%', ('%s%', 'expanded'))  # %s% should be expanded before escaping %s
diff --git a/test/test_aes.py b/test/test_aes.py
index 5f975efec..9cd9189bc 100644
--- a/test/test_aes.py
+++ b/test/test_aes.py
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ from yt_dlp.aes import (
     pad_block,
 )
 from yt_dlp.dependencies import Cryptodome
-from yt_dlp.utils import bytes_to_intlist, intlist_to_bytes
 
 # the encrypted data can be generate with 'devscripts/generate_aes_testdata.py'
 
@@ -40,33 +39,33 @@ class TestAES(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_encrypt(self):
         msg = b'message'
         key = list(range(16))
-        encrypted = aes_encrypt(bytes_to_intlist(msg), key)
-        decrypted = intlist_to_bytes(aes_decrypt(encrypted, key))
+        encrypted = aes_encrypt(list(msg), key)
+        decrypted = bytes(aes_decrypt(encrypted, key))
         self.assertEqual(decrypted, msg)
 
     def test_cbc_decrypt(self):
         data = b'\x97\x92+\xe5\x0b\xc3\x18\x91ky9m&\xb3\xb5@\xe6\x27\xc2\x96.\xc8u\x88\xab9-[\x9e|\xf1\xcd'
-        decrypted = intlist_to_bytes(aes_cbc_decrypt(bytes_to_intlist(data), self.key, self.iv))
+        decrypted = bytes(aes_cbc_decrypt(list(data), self.key, self.iv))
         self.assertEqual(decrypted.rstrip(b'\x08'), self.secret_msg)
         if Cryptodome.AES:
-            decrypted = aes_cbc_decrypt_bytes(data, intlist_to_bytes(self.key), intlist_to_bytes(self.iv))
+            decrypted = aes_cbc_decrypt_bytes(data, bytes(self.key), bytes(self.iv))
             self.assertEqual(decrypted.rstrip(b'\x08'), self.secret_msg)
 
     def test_cbc_encrypt(self):
-        data = bytes_to_intlist(self.secret_msg)
-        encrypted = intlist_to_bytes(aes_cbc_encrypt(data, self.key, self.iv))
+        data = list(self.secret_msg)
+        encrypted = bytes(aes_cbc_encrypt(data, self.key, self.iv))
         self.assertEqual(
             encrypted,
             b'\x97\x92+\xe5\x0b\xc3\x18\x91ky9m&\xb3\xb5@\xe6\'\xc2\x96.\xc8u\x88\xab9-[\x9e|\xf1\xcd')
 
     def test_ctr_decrypt(self):
-        data = bytes_to_intlist(b'\x03\xc7\xdd\xd4\x8e\xb3\xbc\x1a*O\xdc1\x12+8Aio\xd1z\xb5#\xaf\x08')
-        decrypted = intlist_to_bytes(aes_ctr_decrypt(data, self.key, self.iv))
+        data = list(b'\x03\xc7\xdd\xd4\x8e\xb3\xbc\x1a*O\xdc1\x12+8Aio\xd1z\xb5#\xaf\x08')
+        decrypted = bytes(aes_ctr_decrypt(data, self.key, self.iv))
         self.assertEqual(decrypted.rstrip(b'\x08'), self.secret_msg)
 
     def test_ctr_encrypt(self):
-        data = bytes_to_intlist(self.secret_msg)
-        encrypted = intlist_to_bytes(aes_ctr_encrypt(data, self.key, self.iv))
+        data = list(self.secret_msg)
+        encrypted = bytes(aes_ctr_encrypt(data, self.key, self.iv))
         self.assertEqual(
             encrypted,
             b'\x03\xc7\xdd\xd4\x8e\xb3\xbc\x1a*O\xdc1\x12+8Aio\xd1z\xb5#\xaf\x08')
@@ -75,47 +74,59 @@ class TestAES(unittest.TestCase):
         data = b'\x159Y\xcf5eud\x90\x9c\x85&]\x14\x1d\x0f.\x08\xb4T\xe4/\x17\xbd'
         authentication_tag = b'\xe8&I\x80rI\x07\x9d}YWuU@:e'
 
-        decrypted = intlist_to_bytes(aes_gcm_decrypt_and_verify(
-            bytes_to_intlist(data), self.key, bytes_to_intlist(authentication_tag), self.iv[:12]))
+        decrypted = bytes(aes_gcm_decrypt_and_verify(
+            list(data), self.key, list(authentication_tag), self.iv[:12]))
         self.assertEqual(decrypted.rstrip(b'\x08'), self.secret_msg)
         if Cryptodome.AES:
             decrypted = aes_gcm_decrypt_and_verify_bytes(
-                data, intlist_to_bytes(self.key), authentication_tag, intlist_to_bytes(self.iv[:12]))
+                data, bytes(self.key), authentication_tag, bytes(self.iv[:12]))
             self.assertEqual(decrypted.rstrip(b'\x08'), self.secret_msg)
 
+    def test_gcm_aligned_decrypt(self):
+        data = b'\x159Y\xcf5eud\x90\x9c\x85&]\x14\x1d\x0f'
+        authentication_tag = b'\x08\xb1\x9d!&\x98\xd0\xeaRq\x90\xe6;\xb5]\xd8'
+
+        decrypted = bytes(aes_gcm_decrypt_and_verify(
+            list(data), self.key, list(authentication_tag), self.iv[:12]))
+        self.assertEqual(decrypted.rstrip(b'\x08'), self.secret_msg[:16])
+        if Cryptodome.AES:
+            decrypted = aes_gcm_decrypt_and_verify_bytes(
+                data, bytes(self.key), authentication_tag, bytes(self.iv[:12]))
+            self.assertEqual(decrypted.rstrip(b'\x08'), self.secret_msg[:16])
+
     def test_decrypt_text(self):
-        password = intlist_to_bytes(self.key).decode()
+        password = bytes(self.key).decode()
         encrypted = base64.b64encode(
-            intlist_to_bytes(self.iv[:8])
+            bytes(self.iv[:8])
             + b'\x17\x15\x93\xab\x8d\x80V\xcdV\xe0\t\xcdo\xc2\xa5\xd8ksM\r\xe27N\xae',
         ).decode()
         decrypted = (aes_decrypt_text(encrypted, password, 16))
         self.assertEqual(decrypted, self.secret_msg)
 
-        password = intlist_to_bytes(self.key).decode()
+        password = bytes(self.key).decode()
         encrypted = base64.b64encode(
-            intlist_to_bytes(self.iv[:8])
+            bytes(self.iv[:8])
             + b'\x0b\xe6\xa4\xd9z\x0e\xb8\xb9\xd0\xd4i_\x85\x1d\x99\x98_\xe5\x80\xe7.\xbf\xa5\x83',
         ).decode()
         decrypted = (aes_decrypt_text(encrypted, password, 32))
         self.assertEqual(decrypted, self.secret_msg)
 
     def test_ecb_encrypt(self):
-        data = bytes_to_intlist(self.secret_msg)
-        encrypted = intlist_to_bytes(aes_ecb_encrypt(data, self.key))
+        data = list(self.secret_msg)
+        encrypted = bytes(aes_ecb_encrypt(data, self.key))
         self.assertEqual(
             encrypted,
             b'\xaa\x86]\x81\x97>\x02\x92\x9d\x1bR[[L/u\xd3&\xd1(h\xde{\x81\x94\xba\x02\xae\xbd\xa6\xd0:')
 
     def test_ecb_decrypt(self):
-        data = bytes_to_intlist(b'\xaa\x86]\x81\x97>\x02\x92\x9d\x1bR[[L/u\xd3&\xd1(h\xde{\x81\x94\xba\x02\xae\xbd\xa6\xd0:')
-        decrypted = intlist_to_bytes(aes_ecb_decrypt(data, self.key, self.iv))
+        data = list(b'\xaa\x86]\x81\x97>\x02\x92\x9d\x1bR[[L/u\xd3&\xd1(h\xde{\x81\x94\xba\x02\xae\xbd\xa6\xd0:')
+        decrypted = bytes(aes_ecb_decrypt(data, self.key, self.iv))
         self.assertEqual(decrypted.rstrip(b'\x08'), self.secret_msg)
 
     def test_key_expansion(self):
         key = '4f6bdaa39e2f8cb07f5e722d9edef314'
 
-        self.assertEqual(key_expansion(bytes_to_intlist(bytearray.fromhex(key))), [
+        self.assertEqual(key_expansion(list(bytearray.fromhex(key))), [
             0x4F, 0x6B, 0xDA, 0xA3, 0x9E, 0x2F, 0x8C, 0xB0, 0x7F, 0x5E, 0x72, 0x2D, 0x9E, 0xDE, 0xF3, 0x14,
             0x53, 0x66, 0x20, 0xA8, 0xCD, 0x49, 0xAC, 0x18, 0xB2, 0x17, 0xDE, 0x35, 0x2C, 0xC9, 0x2D, 0x21,
             0x8C, 0xBE, 0xDD, 0xD9, 0x41, 0xF7, 0x71, 0xC1, 0xF3, 0xE0, 0xAF, 0xF4, 0xDF, 0x29, 0x82, 0xD5,
diff --git a/test/test_compat.py b/test/test_compat.py
index e7d97e3e9..b1cc2a818 100644
--- a/test/test_compat.py
+++ b/test/test_compat.py
@@ -12,12 +12,7 @@ import struct
 
 from yt_dlp import compat
 from yt_dlp.compat import urllib  # isort: split
-from yt_dlp.compat import (
-    compat_etree_fromstring,
-    compat_expanduser,
-    compat_urllib_parse_unquote,  # noqa: TID251
-    compat_urllib_parse_urlencode,  # noqa: TID251
-)
+from yt_dlp.compat import compat_etree_fromstring, compat_expanduser
 from yt_dlp.compat.urllib.request import getproxies
 
 
@@ -43,39 +38,6 @@ class TestCompat(unittest.TestCase):
         finally:
             os.environ['HOME'] = old_home or ''
 
-    def test_compat_urllib_parse_unquote(self):
-        self.assertEqual(compat_urllib_parse_unquote('abc%20def'), 'abc def')
-        self.assertEqual(compat_urllib_parse_unquote('%7e/abc+def'), '~/abc+def')
-        self.assertEqual(compat_urllib_parse_unquote(''), '')
-        self.assertEqual(compat_urllib_parse_unquote('%'), '%')
-        self.assertEqual(compat_urllib_parse_unquote('%%'), '%%')
-        self.assertEqual(compat_urllib_parse_unquote('%%%'), '%%%')
-        self.assertEqual(compat_urllib_parse_unquote('%2F'), '/')
-        self.assertEqual(compat_urllib_parse_unquote('%2f'), '/')
-        self.assertEqual(compat_urllib_parse_unquote('%E6%B4%A5%E6%B3%A2'), '津波')
-        self.assertEqual(
-            compat_urllib_parse_unquote('''<meta property="og:description" content="%E2%96%81%E2%96%82%E2%96%83%E2%96%84%25%E2%96%85%E2%96%86%E2%96%87%E2%96%88" />
-%<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A">%a'''),
-            '''<meta property="og:description" content="▁▂▃▄%▅▆▇█" />
-%<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/تسونامي">%a''')
-        self.assertEqual(
-            compat_urllib_parse_unquote('''%28%5E%E2%97%A3_%E2%97%A2%5E%29%E3%81%A3%EF%B8%BB%E3%83%87%E2%95%90%E4%B8%80    %E2%87%80    %E2%87%80    %E2%87%80    %E2%87%80    %E2%87%80    %E2%86%B6%I%Break%25Things%'''),
-            '''(^◣_◢^)っ︻デ═一    ⇀    ⇀    ⇀    ⇀    ⇀    ↶%I%Break%Things%''')
-
-    def test_compat_urllib_parse_unquote_plus(self):
-        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.unquote_plus('abc%20def'), 'abc def')
-        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.unquote_plus('%7e/abc+def'), '~/abc def')
-
-    def test_compat_urllib_parse_urlencode(self):
-        self.assertEqual(compat_urllib_parse_urlencode({'abc': 'def'}), 'abc=def')
-        self.assertEqual(compat_urllib_parse_urlencode({'abc': b'def'}), 'abc=def')
-        self.assertEqual(compat_urllib_parse_urlencode({b'abc': 'def'}), 'abc=def')
-        self.assertEqual(compat_urllib_parse_urlencode({b'abc': b'def'}), 'abc=def')
-        self.assertEqual(compat_urllib_parse_urlencode([('abc', 'def')]), 'abc=def')
-        self.assertEqual(compat_urllib_parse_urlencode([('abc', b'def')]), 'abc=def')
-        self.assertEqual(compat_urllib_parse_urlencode([(b'abc', 'def')]), 'abc=def')
-        self.assertEqual(compat_urllib_parse_urlencode([(b'abc', b'def')]), 'abc=def')
-
     def test_compat_etree_fromstring(self):
         xml = '''
             <root foo="bar" spam="中文">
diff --git a/test/test_cookies.py b/test/test_cookies.py
index e1271f67e..4b9b9b5a9 100644
--- a/test/test_cookies.py
+++ b/test/test_cookies.py
@@ -105,6 +105,13 @@ class TestCookies(unittest.TestCase):
             decryptor = LinuxChromeCookieDecryptor('Chrome', Logger())
             self.assertEqual(decryptor.decrypt(encrypted_value), value)
 
+    def test_chrome_cookie_decryptor_linux_v10_meta24(self):
+        with MonkeyPatch(cookies, {'_get_linux_keyring_password': lambda *args, **kwargs: b''}):
+            encrypted_value = b'v10\x1f\xe4\x0e[\x83\x0c\xcc*kPi \xce\x8d\x1d\xbb\x80\r\x11\t\xbb\x9e^Hy\x94\xf4\x963\x9f\x82\xba\xfe\xa1\xed\xb9\xf1)\x00710\x92\xc8/<\x96B'
+            value = 'DE'
+            decryptor = LinuxChromeCookieDecryptor('Chrome', Logger(), meta_version=24)
+            self.assertEqual(decryptor.decrypt(encrypted_value), value)
+
     def test_chrome_cookie_decryptor_windows_v10(self):
         with MonkeyPatch(cookies, {
             '_get_windows_v10_key': lambda *args, **kwargs: b'Y\xef\xad\xad\xeerp\xf0Y\xe6\x9b\x12\xc2<z\x16]\n\xbb\xb8\xcb\xd7\x9bA\xc3\x14e\x99{\xd6\xf4&',
@@ -114,6 +121,15 @@ class TestCookies(unittest.TestCase):
             decryptor = WindowsChromeCookieDecryptor('', Logger())
             self.assertEqual(decryptor.decrypt(encrypted_value), value)
 
+    def test_chrome_cookie_decryptor_windows_v10_meta24(self):
+        with MonkeyPatch(cookies, {
+            '_get_windows_v10_key': lambda *args, **kwargs: b'\xea\x8b\x02\xc3\xc6\xc5\x99\xc3\xa3[ j\xfa\xf6\xfcU\xac\x13u\xdc\x0c\x0e\xf1\x03\x90\xb6\xdf\xbb\x8fL\xb1\xb2',
+        }):
+            encrypted_value = b'v10dN\xe1\xacy\x84^\xe1I\xact\x03r\xfb\xe2\xce{^\x0e<(\xb0y\xeb\x01\xfb@"\x9e\x8c\xa53~\xdb*\x8f\xac\x8b\xe3\xfd3\x06\xe5\x93\x19OyOG\xb2\xfb\x1d$\xc0\xda\x13j\x9e\xfe\xc5\xa3\xa8\xfe\xd9'
+            value = '1234'
+            decryptor = WindowsChromeCookieDecryptor('', Logger(), meta_version=24)
+            self.assertEqual(decryptor.decrypt(encrypted_value), value)
+
     def test_chrome_cookie_decryptor_mac_v10(self):
         with MonkeyPatch(cookies, {'_get_mac_keyring_password': lambda *args, **kwargs: b'6eIDUdtKAacvlHwBVwvg/Q=='}):
             encrypted_value = b'v10\xb3\xbe\xad\xa1[\x9fC\xa1\x98\xe0\x9a\x01\xd9\xcf\xbfc'
diff --git a/test/test_downloader_http.py b/test/test_downloader_http.py
index faba0bc9c..cf2e3fac1 100644
--- a/test/test_downloader_http.py
+++ b/test/test_downloader_http.py
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ import threading
 from test.helper import http_server_port, try_rm
 from yt_dlp import YoutubeDL
 from yt_dlp.downloader.http import HttpFD
-from yt_dlp.utils import encodeFilename
 from yt_dlp.utils._utils import _YDLLogger as FakeLogger
 
 TEST_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
@@ -82,12 +81,12 @@ class TestHttpFD(unittest.TestCase):
         ydl = YoutubeDL(params)
         downloader = HttpFD(ydl, params)
         filename = 'testfile.mp4'
-        try_rm(encodeFilename(filename))
+        try_rm(filename)
         self.assertTrue(downloader.real_download(filename, {
             'url': f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.port}/{ep}',
         }), ep)
-        self.assertEqual(os.path.getsize(encodeFilename(filename)), TEST_SIZE, ep)
-        try_rm(encodeFilename(filename))
+        self.assertEqual(os.path.getsize(filename), TEST_SIZE, ep)
+        try_rm(filename)
 
     def download_all(self, params):
         for ep in ('regular', 'no-content-length', 'no-range', 'no-range-no-content-length'):
diff --git a/test/test_jsinterp.py b/test/test_jsinterp.py
index df92c8315..06840ed85 100644
--- a/test/test_jsinterp.py
+++ b/test/test_jsinterp.py
@@ -403,6 +403,34 @@ class TestJSInterpreter(unittest.TestCase):
             self._test(jsi, [''], args=['', '-'])
             self._test(jsi, [], args=['', ''])
 
+    def test_slice(self):
+        self._test('function f(){return [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8].slice()}', [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8])
+        self._test('function f(){return [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8].slice(0)}', [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8])
+        self._test('function f(){return [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8].slice(5)}', [5, 6, 7, 8])
+        self._test('function f(){return [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8].slice(99)}', [])
+        self._test('function f(){return [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8].slice(-2)}', [7, 8])
+        self._test('function f(){return [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8].slice(-99)}', [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8])
+        self._test('function f(){return [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8].slice(0, 0)}', [])
+        self._test('function f(){return [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8].slice(1, 0)}', [])
+        self._test('function f(){return [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8].slice(0, 1)}', [0])
+        self._test('function f(){return [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8].slice(3, 6)}', [3, 4, 5])
+        self._test('function f(){return [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8].slice(1, -1)}', [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7])
+        self._test('function f(){return [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8].slice(-1, 1)}', [])
+        self._test('function f(){return [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8].slice(-3, -1)}', [6, 7])
+        self._test('function f(){return "012345678".slice()}', '012345678')
+        self._test('function f(){return "012345678".slice(0)}', '012345678')
+        self._test('function f(){return "012345678".slice(5)}', '5678')
+        self._test('function f(){return "012345678".slice(99)}', '')
+        self._test('function f(){return "012345678".slice(-2)}', '78')
+        self._test('function f(){return "012345678".slice(-99)}', '012345678')
+        self._test('function f(){return "012345678".slice(0, 0)}', '')
+        self._test('function f(){return "012345678".slice(1, 0)}', '')
+        self._test('function f(){return "012345678".slice(0, 1)}', '0')
+        self._test('function f(){return "012345678".slice(3, 6)}', '345')
+        self._test('function f(){return "012345678".slice(1, -1)}', '1234567')
+        self._test('function f(){return "012345678".slice(-1, 1)}', '')
+        self._test('function f(){return "012345678".slice(-3, -1)}', '67')
+
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/test/test_networking.py b/test/test_networking.py
index 826f11a56..d96624af1 100644
--- a/test/test_networking.py
+++ b/test/test_networking.py
@@ -822,6 +822,24 @@ class TestRequestHandlerMisc:
         rh.close()
         assert len(logging_handlers) == before_count
 
+    def test_wrap_request_errors(self):
+        class TestRequestHandler(RequestHandler):
+            def _validate(self, request):
+                if request.headers.get('x-fail'):
+                    raise UnsupportedRequest('test error')
+
+            def _send(self, request: Request):
+                raise RequestError('test error')
+
+        with TestRequestHandler(logger=FakeLogger()) as rh:
+            with pytest.raises(UnsupportedRequest, match='test error') as exc_info:
+                rh.validate(Request('http://example.com', headers={'x-fail': '1'}))
+            assert exc_info.value.handler is rh
+
+            with pytest.raises(RequestError, match='test error') as exc_info:
+                rh.send(Request('http://example.com'))
+            assert exc_info.value.handler is rh
+
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib'], indirect=True)
 class TestUrllibRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
diff --git a/test/test_plugins.py b/test/test_plugins.py
index c82158e9f..77545d136 100644
--- a/test/test_plugins.py
+++ b/test/test_plugins.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ TEST_DATA_DIR = Path(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)), 'testdata')
 sys.path.append(str(TEST_DATA_DIR))
 importlib.invalidate_caches()
 
+from yt_dlp.utils import Config
 from yt_dlp.plugins import PACKAGE_NAME, directories, load_plugins
 
 
@@ -68,6 +69,24 @@ class TestPlugins(unittest.TestCase):
             os.remove(zip_path)
             importlib.invalidate_caches()  # reset the import caches
 
+    def test_plugin_dirs(self):
+        # Internal plugin dirs hack for CLI --plugin-dirs
+        # To be replaced with proper system later
+        custom_plugin_dir = TEST_DATA_DIR / 'plugin_packages'
+        Config._plugin_dirs = [str(custom_plugin_dir)]
+        importlib.invalidate_caches()  # reset the import caches
+
+        try:
+            package = importlib.import_module(f'{PACKAGE_NAME}.extractor')
+            self.assertIn(custom_plugin_dir / 'testpackage' / PACKAGE_NAME / 'extractor', map(Path, package.__path__))
+
+            plugins_ie = load_plugins('extractor', 'IE')
+            self.assertIn('PackagePluginIE', plugins_ie.keys())
+
+        finally:
+            Config._plugin_dirs = []
+            importlib.invalidate_caches()  # reset the import caches
+
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/test/test_socks.py b/test/test_socks.py
index 68af19d0c..f601fc8a5 100644
--- a/test/test_socks.py
+++ b/test/test_socks.py
@@ -216,7 +216,9 @@ class SocksWebSocketTestRequestHandler(SocksTestRequestHandler):
         protocol = websockets.ServerProtocol()
         connection = websockets.sync.server.ServerConnection(socket=self.request, protocol=protocol, close_timeout=0)
         connection.handshake()
-        connection.send(json.dumps(self.socks_info))
+        for message in connection:
+            if message == 'socks_info':
+                connection.send(json.dumps(self.socks_info))
         connection.close()
 
 
diff --git a/test/test_traversal.py b/test/test_traversal.py
index 5d9fbe1d1..bc433029d 100644
--- a/test/test_traversal.py
+++ b/test/test_traversal.py
@@ -4,8 +4,23 @@ import xml.etree.ElementTree
 
 import pytest
 
-from yt_dlp.utils import dict_get, int_or_none, str_or_none
-from yt_dlp.utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+from yt_dlp.utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
+    determine_ext,
+    dict_get,
+    int_or_none,
+    join_nonempty,
+    str_or_none,
+)
+from yt_dlp.utils.traversal import (
+    find_element,
+    find_elements,
+    require,
+    subs_list_to_dict,
+    traverse_obj,
+    trim_str,
+    unpack,
+)
 
 _TEST_DATA = {
     100: 100,
@@ -24,6 +39,14 @@ _TEST_DATA = {
     'dict': {},
 }
 
+_TEST_HTML = '''<html><body>
+    <div class="a">1</div>
+    <div class="a" id="x" custom="z">2</div>
+    <div class="b" data-id="y" custom="z">3</div>
+    <p class="a">4</p>
+    <p id="d" custom="e">5</p>
+</body></html>'''
+
 
 class TestTraversal:
     def test_traversal_base(self):
@@ -420,6 +443,186 @@ class TestTraversal:
         assert traverse_obj(morsel, [(None,), any]) == morsel, \
             'Morsel should not be implicitly changed to dict on usage'
 
+    def test_traversal_filter(self):
+        data = [None, False, True, 0, 1, 0.0, 1.1, '', 'str', {}, {0: 0}, [], [1]]
+
+        assert traverse_obj(data, [..., filter]) == [True, 1, 1.1, 'str', {0: 0}, [1]], \
+            '`filter` should filter falsy values'
+
+
+class TestTraversalHelpers:
+    def test_traversal_require(self):
+        with pytest.raises(ExtractorError):
+            traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, ['None', {require('value')}])
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, ['str', {require('value')}]) == 'str', \
+            '`require` should pass through non `None` values'
+
+    def test_subs_list_to_dict(self):
+        assert traverse_obj([
+            {'name': 'de', 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de.vtt'},
+            {'name': 'en', 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/en1.ass'},
+            {'name': 'en', 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/en2.ass'},
+        ], [..., {
+            'id': 'name',
+            'url': 'url',
+        }, all, {subs_list_to_dict}]) == {
+            'de': [{'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de.vtt'}],
+            'en': [
+                {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/en1.ass'},
+                {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/en2.ass'},
+            ],
+        }, 'function should build subtitle dict from list of subtitles'
+        assert traverse_obj([
+            {'name': 'de', 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de.ass'},
+            {'name': 'de'},
+            {'name': 'en', 'content': 'content'},
+            {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/en'},
+        ], [..., {
+            'id': 'name',
+            'data': 'content',
+            'url': 'url',
+        }, all, {subs_list_to_dict(lang=None)}]) == {
+            'de': [{'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de.ass'}],
+            'en': [{'data': 'content'}],
+        }, 'subs with mandatory items missing should be filtered'
+        assert traverse_obj([
+            {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de.ass', 'name': 'de'},
+            {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/en', 'name': 'en'},
+        ], [..., {
+            'id': 'name',
+            'ext': ['url', {determine_ext(default_ext=None)}],
+            'url': 'url',
+        }, all, {subs_list_to_dict(ext='ext')}]) == {
+            'de': [{'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de.ass', 'ext': 'ass'}],
+            'en': [{'url': 'https://example.com/subs/en', 'ext': 'ext'}],
+        }, '`ext` should set default ext but leave existing value untouched'
+        assert traverse_obj([
+            {'name': 'en', 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/en2', 'prio': True},
+            {'name': 'en', 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/en1', 'prio': False},
+        ], [..., {
+            'id': 'name',
+            'quality': ['prio', {int}],
+            'url': 'url',
+        }, all, {subs_list_to_dict(ext='ext')}]) == {'en': [
+            {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/en1', 'ext': 'ext'},
+            {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/en2', 'ext': 'ext'},
+        ]}, '`quality` key should sort subtitle list accordingly'
+        assert traverse_obj([
+            {'name': 'de', 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de.ass'},
+            {'name': 'de'},
+            {'name': 'en', 'content': 'content'},
+            {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/en'},
+        ], [..., {
+            'id': 'name',
+            'url': 'url',
+            'data': 'content',
+        }, all, {subs_list_to_dict(lang='en')}]) == {
+            'de': [{'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de.ass'}],
+            'en': [
+                {'data': 'content'},
+                {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/en'},
+            ],
+        }, 'optionally provided lang should be used if no id available'
+        assert traverse_obj([
+            {'name': 1, 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de1'},
+            {'name': {}, 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de2'},
+            {'name': 'de', 'ext': 1, 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de3'},
+            {'name': 'de', 'ext': {}, 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de4'},
+        ], [..., {
+            'id': 'name',
+            'url': 'url',
+            'ext': 'ext',
+        }, all, {subs_list_to_dict(lang=None)}]) == {
+            'de': [
+                {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de3'},
+                {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de4'},
+            ],
+        }, 'non str types should be ignored for id and ext'
+        assert traverse_obj([
+            {'name': 1, 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de1'},
+            {'name': {}, 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de2'},
+            {'name': 'de', 'ext': 1, 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de3'},
+            {'name': 'de', 'ext': {}, 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de4'},
+        ], [..., {
+            'id': 'name',
+            'url': 'url',
+            'ext': 'ext',
+        }, all, {subs_list_to_dict(lang='de')}]) == {
+            'de': [
+                {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de1'},
+                {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de2'},
+                {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de3'},
+                {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de4'},
+            ],
+        }, 'non str types should be replaced by default id'
+
+    def test_trim_str(self):
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            trim_str('positional')
+
+        assert callable(trim_str(start='a'))
+        assert trim_str(start='ab')('abc') == 'c'
+        assert trim_str(end='bc')('abc') == 'a'
+        assert trim_str(start='a', end='c')('abc') == 'b'
+        assert trim_str(start='ab', end='c')('abc') == ''
+        assert trim_str(start='a', end='bc')('abc') == ''
+        assert trim_str(start='ab', end='bc')('abc') == ''
+        assert trim_str(start='abc', end='abc')('abc') == ''
+        assert trim_str(start='', end='')('abc') == 'abc'
+
+    def test_unpack(self):
+        assert unpack(lambda *x: ''.join(map(str, x)))([1, 2, 3]) == '123'
+        assert unpack(join_nonempty)([1, 2, 3]) == '1-2-3'
+        assert unpack(join_nonempty, delim=' ')([1, 2, 3]) == '1 2 3'
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            unpack(join_nonempty)()
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            unpack()
+
+    def test_find_element(self):
+        for improper_kwargs in [
+            dict(attr='data-id'),
+            dict(value='y'),
+            dict(attr='data-id', value='y', cls='a'),
+            dict(attr='data-id', value='y', id='x'),
+            dict(cls='a', id='x'),
+            dict(cls='a', tag='p'),
+            dict(cls='[ab]', regex=True),
+        ]:
+            with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
+                find_element(**improper_kwargs)(_TEST_HTML)
+
+        assert find_element(cls='a')(_TEST_HTML) == '1'
+        assert find_element(cls='a', html=True)(_TEST_HTML) == '<div class="a">1</div>'
+        assert find_element(id='x')(_TEST_HTML) == '2'
+        assert find_element(id='[ex]')(_TEST_HTML) is None
+        assert find_element(id='[ex]', regex=True)(_TEST_HTML) == '2'
+        assert find_element(id='x', html=True)(_TEST_HTML) == '<div class="a" id="x" custom="z">2</div>'
+        assert find_element(attr='data-id', value='y')(_TEST_HTML) == '3'
+        assert find_element(attr='data-id', value='y(?:es)?')(_TEST_HTML) is None
+        assert find_element(attr='data-id', value='y(?:es)?', regex=True)(_TEST_HTML) == '3'
+        assert find_element(
+            attr='data-id', value='y', html=True)(_TEST_HTML) == '<div class="b" data-id="y" custom="z">3</div>'
+
+    def test_find_elements(self):
+        for improper_kwargs in [
+            dict(tag='p'),
+            dict(attr='data-id'),
+            dict(value='y'),
+            dict(attr='data-id', value='y', cls='a'),
+            dict(cls='a', tag='div'),
+            dict(cls='[ab]', regex=True),
+        ]:
+            with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
+                find_elements(**improper_kwargs)(_TEST_HTML)
+
+        assert find_elements(cls='a')(_TEST_HTML) == ['1', '2', '4']
+        assert find_elements(cls='a', html=True)(_TEST_HTML) == [
+            '<div class="a">1</div>', '<div class="a" id="x" custom="z">2</div>', '<p class="a">4</p>']
+        assert find_elements(attr='custom', value='z')(_TEST_HTML) == ['2', '3']
+        assert find_elements(attr='custom', value='[ez]')(_TEST_HTML) == []
+        assert find_elements(attr='custom', value='[ez]', regex=True)(_TEST_HTML) == ['2', '3', '5']
+
 
 class TestDictGet:
     def test_dict_get(self):
diff --git a/test/test_update.py b/test/test_update.py
index 63a21e445..23c12d38c 100644
--- a/test/test_update.py
+++ b/test/test_update.py
@@ -82,16 +82,32 @@ TEST_LOCKFILE_V1 = rf'''{TEST_LOCKFILE_COMMENT}
 lock 2022.08.18.36 .+ Python 3\.6
 lock 2023.11.16 (?!win_x86_exe).+ Python 3\.7
 lock 2023.11.16 win_x86_exe .+ Windows-(?:Vista|2008Server)
+lock 2024.10.22 py2exe .+
+lock 2024.10.22 linux_(?:armv7l|aarch64)_exe .+-glibc2\.(?:[12]?\d|30)\b
+lock 2024.10.22 (?!\w+_exe).+ Python 3\.8
+lock 2024.10.22 win(?:_x86)?_exe Python 3\.[78].+ Windows-(?:7-|2008ServerR2)
 '''
 
 TEST_LOCKFILE_V2_TMPL = r'''%s
 lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2022.08.18.36 .+ Python 3\.6
 lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2023.11.16 (?!win_x86_exe).+ Python 3\.7
 lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2023.11.16 win_x86_exe .+ Windows-(?:Vista|2008Server)
+lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2024.10.22 py2exe .+
+lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2024.10.22 linux_(?:armv7l|aarch64)_exe .+-glibc2\.(?:[12]?\d|30)\b
+lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2024.10.22 (?!\w+_exe).+ Python 3\.8
+lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2024.10.22 win(?:_x86)?_exe Python 3\.[78].+ Windows-(?:7-|2008ServerR2)
 lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds 2023.11.15.232826 (?!win_x86_exe).+ Python 3\.7
 lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds 2023.11.15.232826 win_x86_exe .+ Windows-(?:Vista|2008Server)
+lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds 2024.10.22.051025 py2exe .+
+lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds 2024.10.22.051025 linux_(?:armv7l|aarch64)_exe .+-glibc2\.(?:[12]?\d|30)\b
+lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds 2024.10.22.051025 (?!\w+_exe).+ Python 3\.8
+lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds 2024.10.22.051025 win(?:_x86)?_exe Python 3\.[78].+ Windows-(?:7-|2008ServerR2)
 lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds 2023.11.15.232812 (?!win_x86_exe).+ Python 3\.7
 lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds 2023.11.15.232812 win_x86_exe .+ Windows-(?:Vista|2008Server)
+lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds 2024.10.22.045052 py2exe .+
+lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds 2024.10.22.060347 linux_(?:armv7l|aarch64)_exe .+-glibc2\.(?:[12]?\d|30)\b
+lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds 2024.10.22.060347 (?!\w+_exe).+ Python 3\.8
+lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds 2024.10.22.060347 win(?:_x86)?_exe Python 3\.[78].+ Windows-(?:7-|2008ServerR2)
 '''
 
 TEST_LOCKFILE_V2 = TEST_LOCKFILE_V2_TMPL % TEST_LOCKFILE_COMMENT
@@ -145,43 +161,76 @@ class TestUpdate(unittest.TestCase):
         for lockfile in (TEST_LOCKFILE_V1, TEST_LOCKFILE_V2, TEST_LOCKFILE_ACTUAL, TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK):
             # Normal operation
             test(lockfile, 'zip Python 3.12.0', '2023.12.31', '2023.12.31')
-            test(lockfile, 'zip stable Python 3.12.0', '2023.12.31', '2023.12.31', exact=True)
-            # Python 3.6 --update should update only to its lock
+            test(lockfile, 'zip Python 3.12.0', '2023.12.31', '2023.12.31', exact=True)
+            # py2exe should never update beyond 2024.10.22
+            test(lockfile, 'py2exe Python 3.8', '2025.01.01', '2024.10.22')
+            test(lockfile, 'py2exe Python 3.8', '2025.01.01', None, exact=True)
+            # Python 3.6 --update should update only to the py3.6 lock
             test(lockfile, 'zip Python 3.6.0', '2023.11.16', '2022.08.18.36')
-            # --update-to an exact version later than the lock should return None
-            test(lockfile, 'zip stable Python 3.6.0', '2023.11.16', None, exact=True)
-            # Python 3.7 should be able to update to its lock
+            # Python 3.6 --update-to an exact version later than the py3.6 lock should return None
+            test(lockfile, 'zip Python 3.6.0', '2023.11.16', None, exact=True)
+            # Python 3.7 should be able to update to the py3.7 lock
             test(lockfile, 'zip Python 3.7.0', '2023.11.16', '2023.11.16')
-            test(lockfile, 'zip stable Python 3.7.1', '2023.11.16', '2023.11.16', exact=True)
-            # Non-win_x86_exe builds on py3.7 must be locked
+            test(lockfile, 'zip Python 3.7.1', '2023.11.16', '2023.11.16', exact=True)
+            # Non-win_x86_exe builds on py3.7 must be locked at py3.7 lock
             test(lockfile, 'zip Python 3.7.1', '2023.12.31', '2023.11.16')
-            test(lockfile, 'zip stable Python 3.7.1', '2023.12.31', None, exact=True)
-            test(  # Windows Vista w/ win_x86_exe must be locked
-                lockfile, 'win_x86_exe stable Python 3.7.9 (CPython x86 32bit) - Windows-Vista-6.0.6003-SP2',
+            test(lockfile, 'zip Python 3.7.1', '2023.12.31', None, exact=True)
+            # Python 3.8 should only update to the py3.8 lock
+            test(lockfile, 'zip Python 3.8.10', '2025.01.01', '2024.10.22')
+            test(lockfile, 'zip Python 3.8.110', '2025.01.01', None, exact=True)
+            test(  # Windows Vista w/ win_x86_exe must be locked at Vista lock
+                lockfile, 'win_x86_exe Python 3.7.9 (CPython x86 32bit) - Windows-Vista-6.0.6003-SP2',
                 '2023.12.31', '2023.11.16')
-            test(  # Windows 2008Server w/ win_x86_exe must be locked
+            test(  # Windows 2008Server w/ win_x86_exe must be locked at Vista lock
                 lockfile, 'win_x86_exe Python 3.7.9 (CPython x86 32bit) - Windows-2008Server',
                 '2023.12.31', None, exact=True)
-            test(  # Windows 7 w/ win_x86_exe py3.7 build should be able to update beyond lock
-                lockfile, 'win_x86_exe stable Python 3.7.9 (CPython x86 32bit) - Windows-7-6.1.7601-SP1',
-                '2023.12.31', '2023.12.31')
-            test(  # Windows 8.1 w/ '2008Server' in platform string should be able to update beyond lock
+            test(  # Windows 7 w/ win_x86_exe py3.7 build should be able to update beyond py3.7 lock
+                lockfile, 'win_x86_exe Python 3.7.9 (CPython x86 32bit) - Windows-7-6.1.7601-SP1',
+                '2023.12.31', '2023.12.31', exact=True)
+            test(  # Windows 7 win_x86_exe should only update to Win7 lock
+                lockfile, 'win_x86_exe Python 3.7.9 (CPython x86 32bit) - Windows-7-6.1.7601-SP1',
+                '2025.01.01', '2024.10.22')
+            test(  # Windows 2008ServerR2 win_exe should only update to Win7 lock
+                lockfile, 'win_exe Python 3.8.10 (CPython x86 32bit) - Windows-2008ServerR2',
+                '2025.12.31', '2024.10.22')
+            test(  # Windows 8.1 w/ '2008Server' in platform string should be able to update beyond py3.7 lock
                 lockfile, 'win_x86_exe Python 3.7.9 (CPython x86 32bit) - Windows-post2008Server-6.2.9200',
                 '2023.12.31', '2023.12.31', exact=True)
+            test(  # win_exe built w/Python 3.8 on Windows>=8 should be able to update beyond py3.8 lock
+                lockfile, 'win_exe Python 3.8.10 (CPython AMD64 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.20348-SP0',
+                '2025.01.01', '2025.01.01', exact=True)
+            test(  # linux_armv7l_exe w/glibc2.7 should only update to glibc<2.31 lock
+                lockfile, 'linux_armv7l_exe Python 3.8.0 (CPython armv7l 32bit) - Linux-6.5.0-1025-azure-armv7l-with-glibc2.7',
+                '2025.01.01', '2024.10.22')
+            test(  # linux_armv7l_exe w/Python 3.8 and glibc>=2.31 should be able to update beyond py3.8 and glibc<2.31 locks
+                lockfile, 'linux_armv7l_exe Python 3.8.0 (CPython armv7l 32bit) - Linux-6.5.0-1025-azure-armv7l-with-glibc2.31',
+                '2025.01.01', '2025.01.01')
+            test(  # linux_armv7l_exe w/glibc2.30 should only update to glibc<2.31 lock
+                lockfile, 'linux_armv7l_exe Python 3.8.0 (CPython armv7l 64bit) - Linux-6.5.0-1025-azure-aarch64-with-glibc2.30 (OpenSSL',
+                '2025.01.01', '2024.10.22')
+            test(  # linux_aarch64_exe w/glibc2.17 should only update to glibc<2.31 lock
+                lockfile, 'linux_aarch64_exe Python 3.8.0 (CPython aarch64 64bit) - Linux-6.5.0-1025-azure-aarch64-with-glibc2.17',
+                '2025.01.01', '2024.10.22')
+            test(  # linux_aarch64_exe w/glibc2.40 and glibc>=2.31 should be able to update beyond py3.8 and glibc<2.31 locks
+                lockfile, 'linux_aarch64_exe Python 3.8.0 (CPython aarch64 64bit) - Linux-6.5.0-1025-azure-aarch64-with-glibc2.40',
+                '2025.01.01', '2025.01.01')
+            test(  # linux_aarch64_exe w/glibc2.3 should only update to glibc<2.31 lock
+                lockfile, 'linux_aarch64_exe Python 3.8.0 (CPython aarch64 64bit) - Linux-6.5.0-1025-azure-aarch64-with-glibc2.3 (OpenSSL',
+                '2025.01.01', '2024.10.22')
 
         # Forks can block updates to non-numeric tags rather than lock
         test(TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK, 'zip Python 3.6.3', 'pr0000', None, repo='fork/yt-dlp')
-        test(TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK, 'zip stable Python 3.7.4', 'pr0000', 'pr0000', repo='fork/yt-dlp')
-        test(TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK, 'zip stable Python 3.7.4', 'pr1234', None, repo='fork/yt-dlp')
+        test(TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK, 'zip Python 3.7.4', 'pr0000', 'pr0000', repo='fork/yt-dlp')
+        test(TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK, 'zip Python 3.7.4', 'pr1234', None, repo='fork/yt-dlp')
         test(TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK, 'zip Python 3.8.1', 'pr1234', 'pr1234', repo='fork/yt-dlp', exact=True)
         test(
-            TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK, 'win_x86_exe stable Python 3.7.9 (CPython x86 32bit) - Windows-Vista-6.0.6003-SP2',
+            TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK, 'win_x86_exe Python 3.7.9 (CPython x86 32bit) - Windows-Vista-6.0.6003-SP2',
             'pr1234', None, repo='fork/yt-dlp')
         test(
-            TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK, 'win_x86_exe stable Python 3.7.9 (CPython x86 32bit) - Windows-7-6.1.7601-SP1',
+            TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK, 'win_x86_exe Python 3.7.9 (CPython x86 32bit) - Windows-7-6.1.7601-SP1',
             '2023.12.31', '2023.12.31', repo='fork/yt-dlp')
         test(TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK, 'zip Python 3.11.2', 'pr9999', None, repo='fork/yt-dlp', exact=True)
-        test(TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK, 'zip stable Python 3.12.0', 'pr9999', 'pr9999', repo='fork/yt-dlp')
+        test(TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK, 'zip Python 3.12.0', 'pr9999', 'pr9999', repo='fork/yt-dlp')
 
     def test_query_update(self):
         ydl = FakeYDL()
diff --git a/test/test_utils.py b/test/test_utils.py
index a2b459352..b3de14198 100644
--- a/test/test_utils.py
+++ b/test/test_utils.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 import os
 import sys
 import unittest
+import unittest.mock
 import warnings
 import datetime as dt
 
@@ -20,7 +21,6 @@ import xml.etree.ElementTree
 from yt_dlp.compat import (
     compat_etree_fromstring,
     compat_HTMLParseError,
-    compat_os_name,
 )
 from yt_dlp.utils import (
     Config,
@@ -48,7 +48,6 @@ from yt_dlp.utils import (
     dfxp2srt,
     encode_base_n,
     encode_compat_str,
-    encodeFilename,
     expand_path,
     extract_attributes,
     extract_basic_auth,
@@ -68,7 +67,6 @@ from yt_dlp.utils import (
     get_elements_html_by_class,
     get_elements_text_and_html_by_attribute,
     int_or_none,
-    intlist_to_bytes,
     iri_to_uri,
     is_html,
     js_to_json,
@@ -221,9 +219,10 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(sanitize_filename('N0Y__7-UOdI', is_id=True), 'N0Y__7-UOdI')
 
     def test_sanitize_path(self):
-        if sys.platform != 'win32':
-            return
+        with unittest.mock.patch('sys.platform', 'win32'):
+            self._test_sanitize_path()
 
+    def _test_sanitize_path(self):
         self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('abc'), 'abc')
         self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('abc/def'), 'abc\\def')
         self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('abc\\def'), 'abc\\def')
@@ -256,6 +255,11 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('./abc'), 'abc')
         self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('./../abc'), '..\\abc')
 
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('\\abc'), '\\abc')
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('C:abc'), 'C:abc')
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('C:abc\\..\\'), 'C:..')
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('C:\\abc:%(title)s.%(ext)s'), 'C:\\abc#%(title)s.%(ext)s')
+
     def test_sanitize_url(self):
         self.assertEqual(sanitize_url('//foo.bar'), 'http://foo.bar')
         self.assertEqual(sanitize_url('httpss://foo.bar'), 'https://foo.bar')
@@ -337,11 +341,13 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(remove_start(None, 'A - '), None)
         self.assertEqual(remove_start('A - B', 'A - '), 'B')
         self.assertEqual(remove_start('B - A', 'A - '), 'B - A')
+        self.assertEqual(remove_start('non-empty', ''), 'non-empty')
 
     def test_remove_end(self):
         self.assertEqual(remove_end(None, ' - B'), None)
         self.assertEqual(remove_end('A - B', ' - B'), 'A')
         self.assertEqual(remove_end('B - A', ' - B'), 'B - A')
+        self.assertEqual(remove_end('non-empty', ''), 'non-empty')
 
     def test_remove_quotes(self):
         self.assertEqual(remove_quotes(None), None)
@@ -557,10 +563,10 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(res_data, {'a': 'b', 'c': 'd'})
 
     def test_shell_quote(self):
-        args = ['ffmpeg', '-i', encodeFilename('ñ€ß\'.mp4')]
+        args = ['ffmpeg', '-i', 'ñ€ß\'.mp4']
         self.assertEqual(
             shell_quote(args),
-            """ffmpeg -i 'ñ€ß'"'"'.mp4'""" if compat_os_name != 'nt' else '''ffmpeg -i "ñ€ß'.mp4"''')
+            """ffmpeg -i 'ñ€ß'"'"'.mp4'""" if os.name != 'nt' else '''ffmpeg -i "ñ€ß'.mp4"''')
 
     def test_float_or_none(self):
         self.assertEqual(float_or_none('42.42'), 42.42)
@@ -921,6 +927,11 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
             'acodec': 'none',
             'dynamic_range': 'HDR10',
         })
+        self.assertEqual(parse_codecs('vp09.02.50.10.01.09.18.09.00'), {
+            'vcodec': 'vp09.02.50.10.01.09.18.09.00',
+            'acodec': 'none',
+            'dynamic_range': 'HDR10',
+        })
         self.assertEqual(parse_codecs('av01.0.12M.10.0.110.09.16.09.0'), {
             'vcodec': 'av01.0.12M.10.0.110.09.16.09.0',
             'acodec': 'none',
@@ -1295,15 +1306,10 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(clean_html('a:\n   "b"'), 'a: "b"')
         self.assertEqual(clean_html('a<br>\xa0b'), 'a\nb')
 
-    def test_intlist_to_bytes(self):
-        self.assertEqual(
-            intlist_to_bytes([0, 1, 127, 128, 255]),
-            b'\x00\x01\x7f\x80\xff')
-
     def test_args_to_str(self):
         self.assertEqual(
             args_to_str(['foo', 'ba/r', '-baz', '2 be', '']),
-            'foo ba/r -baz \'2 be\' \'\'' if compat_os_name != 'nt' else 'foo ba/r -baz "2 be" ""',
+            'foo ba/r -baz \'2 be\' \'\'' if os.name != 'nt' else 'foo ba/r -baz "2 be" ""',
         )
 
     def test_parse_filesize(self):
@@ -2103,7 +2109,7 @@ Line 1
         assert extract_basic_auth('http://user:@foo.bar') == ('http://foo.bar', 'Basic dXNlcjo=')
         assert extract_basic_auth('http://user:pass@foo.bar') == ('http://foo.bar', 'Basic dXNlcjpwYXNz')
 
-    @unittest.skipUnless(compat_os_name == 'nt', 'Only relevant on Windows')
+    @unittest.skipUnless(os.name == 'nt', 'Only relevant on Windows')
     def test_windows_escaping(self):
         tests = [
             'test"&',
@@ -2137,6 +2143,12 @@ Line 1
             assert run_shell(args) == expected
             assert run_shell(shell_quote(args, shell=True)) == expected
 
+    def test_partial_application(self):
+        assert callable(int_or_none(scale=10)), 'missing positional parameter should apply partially'
+        assert int_or_none(10, scale=0.1) == 100, 'positionally passed argument should call function'
+        assert int_or_none(v=10) == 10, 'keyword passed positional should call function'
+        assert int_or_none(scale=0.1)(10) == 100, 'call after partial application should call the function'
+
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/test/test_websockets.py b/test/test_websockets.py
index 43f20ac65..06112cc0b 100644
--- a/test/test_websockets.py
+++ b/test/test_websockets.py
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ def create_wss_websocket_server():
     certfn = os.path.join(TEST_DIR, 'testcert.pem')
     sslctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER)
     sslctx.load_cert_chain(certfn, None)
-    return create_websocket_server(ssl_context=sslctx)
+    return create_websocket_server(ssl=sslctx)
 
 
 MTLS_CERT_DIR = os.path.join(TEST_DIR, 'testdata', 'certificate')
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ def create_mtls_wss_websocket_server():
     sslctx.load_verify_locations(cafile=cacertfn)
     sslctx.load_cert_chain(certfn, None)
 
-    return create_websocket_server(ssl_context=sslctx)
+    return create_websocket_server(ssl=sslctx)
 
 
 def create_legacy_wss_websocket_server():
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ def create_legacy_wss_websocket_server():
     sslctx.maximum_version = ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1_2
     sslctx.set_ciphers('SHA1:AESCCM:aDSS:eNULL:aNULL')
     sslctx.load_cert_chain(certfn, None)
-    return create_websocket_server(ssl_context=sslctx)
+    return create_websocket_server(ssl=sslctx)
 
 
 def ws_validate_and_send(rh, req):
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ class TestWebsSocketRequestHandlerConformance:
         cls.wss_thread, cls.wss_port = create_wss_websocket_server()
         cls.wss_base_url = f'wss://127.0.0.1:{cls.wss_port}'
 
-        cls.bad_wss_thread, cls.bad_wss_port = create_websocket_server(ssl_context=ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER))
+        cls.bad_wss_thread, cls.bad_wss_port = create_websocket_server(ssl=ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER))
         cls.bad_wss_host = f'wss://127.0.0.1:{cls.bad_wss_port}'
 
         cls.mtls_wss_thread, cls.mtls_wss_port = create_mtls_wss_websocket_server()
diff --git a/test/test_youtube_signature.py b/test/test_youtube_signature.py
index d37df7a2e..2a99436a6 100644
--- a/test/test_youtube_signature.py
+++ b/test/test_youtube_signature.py
@@ -68,6 +68,11 @@ _SIG_TESTS = [
         '2aq0aqSyOoJXtK73m-uME_jv7-pT15gOFC02RFkGMqWpzEICs69VdbwQ0LDp1v7j8xx92efCJlYFYb1sUkkBSPOlPmXgIARw8JQ0qOAOAA',
         'AOq0QJ8wRAIgXmPlOPSBkkUs1bYFYlJCfe29xx8j7v1pDL2QwbdV96sCIEzpWqMGkFR20CFOg51Tp-7vj_EMu-m37KtXJoOySqa0',
     ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/3bb1f723/player_ias.vflset/en_US/base.js',
+        '2aq0aqSyOoJXtK73m-uME_jv7-pT15gOFC02RFkGMqWpzEICs69VdbwQ0LDp1v7j8xx92efCJlYFYb1sUkkBSPOlPmXgIARw8JQ0qOAOAA',
+        'MyOSJXtKI3m-uME_jv7-pT12gOFC02RFkGoqWpzE0Cs69VdbwQ0LDp1v7j8xx92efCJlYFYb1sUkkBSPOlPmXgIARw8JQ0qOAOAA',
+    ),
 ]
 
 _NSIG_TESTS = [
@@ -179,6 +184,14 @@ _NSIG_TESTS = [
         'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/20dfca59/player_ias.vflset/en_US/base.js',
         '-fLCxedkAk4LUTK2', 'O8kfRq1y1eyHGw',
     ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/b12cc44b/player_ias.vflset/en_US/base.js',
+        'keLa5R2U00sR9SQK', 'N1OGyujjEwMnLw',
+    ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/3bb1f723/player_ias.vflset/en_US/base.js',
+        'gK15nzVyaXE9RsMP3z', 'ZFFWFLPWx9DEgQ',
+    ),
 ]
 
 
@@ -250,8 +263,11 @@ def signature(jscode, sig_input):
 
 
 def n_sig(jscode, sig_input):
-    funcname = YoutubeIE(FakeYDL())._extract_n_function_name(jscode)
-    return JSInterpreter(jscode).call_function(funcname, sig_input)
+    ie = YoutubeIE(FakeYDL())
+    funcname = ie._extract_n_function_name(jscode)
+    jsi = JSInterpreter(jscode)
+    func = jsi.extract_function_from_code(*ie._fixup_n_function_code(*jsi.extract_function_code(funcname)))
+    return func([sig_input])
 
 
 make_sig_test = t_factory(
diff --git a/test/testdata/netrc/netrc b/test/testdata/netrc/netrc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bafe92fe6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/testdata/netrc/netrc
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+machine normal_use login user password pass
+machine empty_user login "" password pass
+machine empty_pass login user password ""
+machine both_empty login "" password ""
diff --git a/test/testdata/netrc/print_netrc.py b/test/testdata/netrc/print_netrc.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5c25814f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/testdata/netrc/print_netrc.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+with open('./test/testdata/netrc/netrc', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
+    print(fp.read())
diff --git a/test/testdata/plugin_packages/testpackage/yt_dlp_plugins/extractor/package.py b/test/testdata/plugin_packages/testpackage/yt_dlp_plugins/extractor/package.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b860300d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/testdata/plugin_packages/testpackage/yt_dlp_plugins/extractor/package.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from yt_dlp.extractor.common import InfoExtractor
+
+
+class PackagePluginIE(InfoExtractor):
+    pass
diff --git a/yt_dlp/YoutubeDL.py b/yt_dlp/YoutubeDL.py
index 9691a1ea7..65b72e026 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/YoutubeDL.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/YoutubeDL.py
@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@ import unicodedata
 
 from .cache import Cache
 from .compat import urllib  # isort: split
-from .compat import compat_os_name, urllib_req_to_req
-from .cookies import LenientSimpleCookie, load_cookies
+from .compat import urllib_req_to_req
+from .cookies import CookieLoadError, LenientSimpleCookie, load_cookies
 from .downloader import FFmpegFD, get_suitable_downloader, shorten_protocol_name
 from .downloader.rtmp import rtmpdump_version
 from .extractor import gen_extractor_classes, get_info_extractor
@@ -109,7 +109,6 @@ from .utils import (
     determine_ext,
     determine_protocol,
     encode_compat_str,
-    encodeFilename,
     escapeHTML,
     expand_path,
     extract_basic_auth,
@@ -154,7 +153,6 @@ from .utils import (
     try_get,
     url_basename,
     variadic,
-    version_tuple,
     windows_enable_vt_mode,
     write_json_file,
     write_string,
@@ -168,7 +166,7 @@ from .utils.networking import (
 )
 from .version import CHANNEL, ORIGIN, RELEASE_GIT_HEAD, VARIANT, __version__
 
-if compat_os_name == 'nt':
+if os.name == 'nt':
     import ctypes
 
 
@@ -251,7 +249,7 @@ class YoutubeDL:
     format_sort_force: Force the given format_sort. see "Sorting Formats"
                        for more details.
     prefer_free_formats: Whether to prefer video formats with free containers
-                       over non-free ones of same quality.
+                       over non-free ones of the same quality.
     allow_multiple_video_streams:   Allow multiple video streams to be merged
                        into a single file
     allow_multiple_audio_streams:   Allow multiple audio streams to be merged
@@ -285,7 +283,7 @@ class YoutubeDL:
     rejecttitle:       Reject downloads for matching titles.
     logger:            Log messages to a logging.Logger instance.
     logtostderr:       Print everything to stderr instead of stdout.
-    consoletitle:      Display progress in console window's titlebar.
+    consoletitle:      Display progress in the console window's titlebar.
     writedescription:  Write the video description to a .description file
     writeinfojson:     Write the video description to a .info.json file
     clean_infojson:    Remove internal metadata from the infojson
@@ -471,7 +469,7 @@ class YoutubeDL:
                        The following options do not work when used through the API:
                        filename, abort-on-error, multistreams, no-live-chat,
                        format-sort, no-clean-infojson, no-playlist-metafiles,
-                       no-keep-subs, no-attach-info-json, allow-unsafe-ext.
+                       no-keep-subs, no-attach-info-json, allow-unsafe-ext, prefer-vp9-sort.
                        Refer __init__.py for their implementation
     progress_template: Dictionary of templates for progress outputs.
                        Allowed keys are 'download', 'postprocess',
@@ -513,7 +511,7 @@ class YoutubeDL:
     The following options are used by the extractors:
     extractor_retries: Number of times to retry for known errors (default: 3)
     dynamic_mpd:       Whether to process dynamic DASH manifests (default: True)
-    hls_split_discontinuity: Split HLS playlists to different formats at
+    hls_split_discontinuity: Split HLS playlists into different formats at
                        discontinuities such as ad breaks (default: False)
     extractor_args:    A dictionary of arguments to be passed to the extractors.
                        See "EXTRACTOR ARGUMENTS" for details.
@@ -553,7 +551,7 @@ class YoutubeDL:
     include_ads:       - Doesn't work
                        Download ads as well
     call_home:         - Not implemented
-                       Boolean, true iff we are allowed to contact the
+                       Boolean, true if we are allowed to contact the
                        yt-dlp servers for debugging.
     post_hooks:        - Register a custom postprocessor
                        A list of functions that get called as the final step
@@ -644,7 +642,7 @@ class YoutubeDL:
             out=stdout,
             error=sys.stderr,
             screen=sys.stderr if self.params.get('quiet') else stdout,
-            console=None if compat_os_name == 'nt' else next(
+            console=None if os.name == 'nt' else next(
                 filter(supports_terminal_sequences, (sys.stderr, sys.stdout)), None),
         )
 
@@ -953,7 +951,7 @@ class YoutubeDL:
             self._write_string(f'{self._bidi_workaround(message)}\n', self._out_files.error, only_once=only_once)
 
     def _send_console_code(self, code):
-        if compat_os_name == 'nt' or not self._out_files.console:
+        if os.name == 'nt' or not self._out_files.console:
             return
         self._write_string(code, self._out_files.console)
 
@@ -961,7 +959,7 @@ class YoutubeDL:
         if not self.params.get('consoletitle', False):
             return
         message = remove_terminal_sequences(message)
-        if compat_os_name == 'nt':
+        if os.name == 'nt':
             if ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetConsoleWindow():
                 # c_wchar_p() might not be necessary if `message` is
                 # already of type unicode()
@@ -1118,7 +1116,7 @@ class YoutubeDL:
     def raise_no_formats(self, info, forced=False, *, msg=None):
         has_drm = info.get('_has_drm')
         ignored, expected = self.params.get('ignore_no_formats_error'), bool(msg)
-        msg = msg or has_drm and 'This video is DRM protected' or 'No video formats found!'
+        msg = msg or (has_drm and 'This video is DRM protected') or 'No video formats found!'
         if forced or not ignored:
             raise ExtractorError(msg, video_id=info['id'], ie=info['extractor'],
                                  expected=has_drm or ignored or expected)
@@ -1624,7 +1622,7 @@ class YoutubeDL:
             while True:
                 try:
                     return func(self, *args, **kwargs)
-                except (DownloadCancelled, LazyList.IndexError, PagedList.IndexError):
+                except (CookieLoadError, DownloadCancelled, LazyList.IndexError, PagedList.IndexError):
                     raise
                 except ReExtractInfo as e:
                     if e.expected:
@@ -1949,6 +1947,7 @@ class YoutubeDL:
             'playlist_uploader_id': ie_result.get('uploader_id'),
             'playlist_channel': ie_result.get('channel'),
             'playlist_channel_id': ie_result.get('channel_id'),
+            'playlist_webpage_url': ie_result.get('webpage_url'),
             **kwargs,
         }
         if strict:
@@ -2197,7 +2196,7 @@ class YoutubeDL:
     def _default_format_spec(self, info_dict):
         prefer_best = (
             self.params['outtmpl']['default'] == '-'
-            or info_dict.get('is_live') and not self.params.get('live_from_start'))
+            or (info_dict.get('is_live') and not self.params.get('live_from_start')))
 
         def can_merge():
             merger = FFmpegMergerPP(self)
@@ -2366,7 +2365,7 @@ class YoutubeDL:
                 vexts=[f['ext'] for f in video_fmts],
                 aexts=[f['ext'] for f in audio_fmts],
                 preferences=(try_call(lambda: self.params['merge_output_format'].split('/'))
-                             or self.params.get('prefer_free_formats') and ('webm', 'mkv')))
+                             or (self.params.get('prefer_free_formats') and ('webm', 'mkv'))))
 
             filtered = lambda *keys: filter(None, (traverse_obj(fmt, *keys) for fmt in formats_info))
 
@@ -2850,13 +2849,10 @@ class YoutubeDL:
             sanitize_string_field(fmt, 'format_id')
             sanitize_numeric_fields(fmt)
             fmt['url'] = sanitize_url(fmt['url'])
-            if fmt.get('ext') is None:
-                fmt['ext'] = determine_ext(fmt['url']).lower()
+            FormatSorter._fill_sorting_fields(fmt)
             if fmt['ext'] in ('aac', 'opus', 'mp3', 'flac', 'vorbis'):
                 if fmt.get('acodec') is None:
                     fmt['acodec'] = fmt['ext']
-            if fmt.get('protocol') is None:
-                fmt['protocol'] = determine_protocol(fmt)
             if fmt.get('resolution') is None:
                 fmt['resolution'] = self.format_resolution(fmt, default=None)
             if fmt.get('dynamic_range') is None and fmt.get('vcodec') != 'none':
@@ -3259,9 +3255,9 @@ class YoutubeDL:
 
         if full_filename is None:
             return
-        if not self._ensure_dir_exists(encodeFilename(full_filename)):
+        if not self._ensure_dir_exists(full_filename):
             return
-        if not self._ensure_dir_exists(encodeFilename(temp_filename)):
+        if not self._ensure_dir_exists(temp_filename):
             return
 
         if self._write_description('video', info_dict,
@@ -3293,16 +3289,16 @@ class YoutubeDL:
         if self.params.get('writeannotations', False):
             annofn = self.prepare_filename(info_dict, 'annotation')
         if annofn:
-            if not self._ensure_dir_exists(encodeFilename(annofn)):
+            if not self._ensure_dir_exists(annofn):
                 return
-            if not self.params.get('overwrites', True) and os.path.exists(encodeFilename(annofn)):
+            if not self.params.get('overwrites', True) and os.path.exists(annofn):
                 self.to_screen('[info] Video annotations are already present')
             elif not info_dict.get('annotations'):
                 self.report_warning('There are no annotations to write.')
             else:
                 try:
                     self.to_screen('[info] Writing video annotations to: ' + annofn)
-                    with open(encodeFilename(annofn), 'w', encoding='utf-8') as annofile:
+                    with open(annofn, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as annofile:
                         annofile.write(info_dict['annotations'])
                 except (KeyError, TypeError):
                     self.report_warning('There are no annotations to write.')
@@ -3318,14 +3314,14 @@ class YoutubeDL:
                     f'Cannot write internet shortcut file because the actual URL of "{info_dict["webpage_url"]}" is unknown')
                 return True
             linkfn = replace_extension(self.prepare_filename(info_dict, 'link'), link_type, info_dict.get('ext'))
-            if not self._ensure_dir_exists(encodeFilename(linkfn)):
+            if not self._ensure_dir_exists(linkfn):
                 return False
-            if self.params.get('overwrites', True) and os.path.exists(encodeFilename(linkfn)):
+            if self.params.get('overwrites', True) and os.path.exists(linkfn):
                 self.to_screen(f'[info] Internet shortcut (.{link_type}) is already present')
                 return True
             try:
                 self.to_screen(f'[info] Writing internet shortcut (.{link_type}) to: {linkfn}')
-                with open(encodeFilename(to_high_limit_path(linkfn)), 'w', encoding='utf-8',
+                with open(to_high_limit_path(linkfn), 'w', encoding='utf-8',
                           newline='\r\n' if link_type == 'url' else '\n') as linkfile:
                     template_vars = {'url': url}
                     if link_type == 'desktop':
@@ -3356,7 +3352,7 @@ class YoutubeDL:
 
         if self.params.get('skip_download'):
             info_dict['filepath'] = temp_filename
-            info_dict['__finaldir'] = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(encodeFilename(full_filename)))
+            info_dict['__finaldir'] = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(full_filename))
             info_dict['__files_to_move'] = files_to_move
             replace_info_dict(self.run_pp(MoveFilesAfterDownloadPP(self, False), info_dict))
             info_dict['__write_download_archive'] = self.params.get('force_write_download_archive')
@@ -3486,7 +3482,7 @@ class YoutubeDL:
                         self.report_file_already_downloaded(dl_filename)
 
                 dl_filename = dl_filename or temp_filename
-                info_dict['__finaldir'] = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(encodeFilename(full_filename)))
+                info_dict['__finaldir'] = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(full_filename))
 
             except network_exceptions as err:
                 self.report_error(f'unable to download video data: {err}')
@@ -3545,8 +3541,8 @@ class YoutubeDL:
                                      and info_dict.get('container') == 'm4a_dash',
                                      'writing DASH m4a. Only some players support this container',
                                      FFmpegFixupM4aPP)
-                        ffmpeg_fixup(downloader == 'hlsnative' and not self.params.get('hls_use_mpegts')
-                                     or info_dict.get('is_live') and self.params.get('hls_use_mpegts') is None,
+                        ffmpeg_fixup((downloader == 'hlsnative' and not self.params.get('hls_use_mpegts'))
+                                     or (info_dict.get('is_live') and self.params.get('hls_use_mpegts') is None),
                                      'Possible MPEG-TS in MP4 container or malformed AAC timestamps',
                                      FFmpegFixupM3u8PP)
                         ffmpeg_fixup(downloader == 'dashsegments'
@@ -3580,6 +3576,8 @@ class YoutubeDL:
         def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
             try:
                 res = func(*args, **kwargs)
+            except CookieLoadError:
+                raise
             except UnavailableVideoError as e:
                 self.report_error(e)
             except DownloadCancelled as e:
@@ -4068,6 +4066,10 @@ class YoutubeDL:
 
         write_debug(f'Proxy map: {self.proxies}')
         write_debug(f'Request Handlers: {", ".join(rh.RH_NAME for rh in self._request_director.handlers.values())}')
+        if os.environ.get('YTDLP_NO_PLUGINS'):
+            write_debug('Plugins are forcibly disabled')
+            return
+
         for plugin_type, plugins in {'Extractor': plugin_ies, 'Post-Processor': plugin_pps}.items():
             display_list = ['{}{}'.format(
                 klass.__name__, '' if klass.__name__ == name else f' as {name}')
@@ -4083,17 +4085,6 @@ class YoutubeDL:
         if plugin_dirs:
             write_debug(f'Plugin directories: {plugin_dirs}')
 
-        # Not implemented
-        if False and self.params.get('call_home'):
-            ipaddr = self.urlopen('https://yt-dl.org/ip').read().decode()
-            write_debug(f'Public IP address: {ipaddr}')
-            latest_version = self.urlopen(
-                'https://yt-dl.org/latest/version').read().decode()
-            if version_tuple(latest_version) > version_tuple(__version__):
-                self.report_warning(
-                    f'You are using an outdated version (newest version: {latest_version})! '
-                    'See https://yt-dl.org/update if you need help updating.')
-
     @functools.cached_property
     def proxies(self):
         """Global proxy configuration"""
@@ -4113,8 +4104,14 @@ class YoutubeDL:
     @functools.cached_property
     def cookiejar(self):
         """Global cookiejar instance"""
-        return load_cookies(
-            self.params.get('cookiefile'), self.params.get('cookiesfrombrowser'), self)
+        try:
+            return load_cookies(
+                self.params.get('cookiefile'), self.params.get('cookiesfrombrowser'), self)
+        except CookieLoadError as error:
+            cause = error.__context__
+            # compat: <=py3.9: `traceback.format_exception` has a different signature
+            self.report_error(str(cause), tb=''.join(traceback.format_exception(None, cause, cause.__traceback__)))
+            raise
 
     @property
     def _opener(self):
@@ -4300,7 +4297,7 @@ class YoutubeDL:
         else:
             try:
                 self.to_screen(f'[info] Writing {label} description to: {descfn}')
-                with open(encodeFilename(descfn), 'w', encoding='utf-8') as descfile:
+                with open(descfn, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as descfile:
                     descfile.write(ie_result['description'])
             except OSError:
                 self.report_error(f'Cannot write {label} description file {descfn}')
@@ -4384,7 +4381,9 @@ class YoutubeDL:
             return None
 
         for idx, t in list(enumerate(thumbnails))[::-1]:
-            thumb_ext = (f'{t["id"]}.' if multiple else '') + determine_ext(t['url'], 'jpg')
+            thumb_ext = t.get('ext') or determine_ext(t['url'], 'jpg')
+            if multiple:
+                thumb_ext = f'{t["id"]}.{thumb_ext}'
             thumb_display_id = f'{label} thumbnail {t["id"]}'
             thumb_filename = replace_extension(filename, thumb_ext, info_dict.get('ext'))
             thumb_filename_final = replace_extension(thumb_filename_base, thumb_ext, info_dict.get('ext'))
@@ -4400,7 +4399,7 @@ class YoutubeDL:
                 try:
                     uf = self.urlopen(Request(t['url'], headers=t.get('http_headers', {})))
                     self.to_screen(f'[info] Writing {thumb_display_id} to: {thumb_filename}')
-                    with open(encodeFilename(thumb_filename), 'wb') as thumbf:
+                    with open(thumb_filename, 'wb') as thumbf:
                         shutil.copyfileobj(uf, thumbf)
                     ret.append((thumb_filename, thumb_filename_final))
                     t['filepath'] = thumb_filename
diff --git a/yt_dlp/__init__.py b/yt_dlp/__init__.py
index c0b8e3b50..20111175b 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/__init__.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/__init__.py
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 import sys
 
-if sys.version_info < (3, 8):
+if sys.version_info < (3, 9):
     raise ImportError(
-        f'You are using an unsupported version of Python. Only Python versions 3.8 and above are supported by yt-dlp')  # noqa: F541
+        f'You are using an unsupported version of Python. Only Python versions 3.9 and above are supported by yt-dlp')  # noqa: F541
 
 __license__ = 'The Unlicense'
 
@@ -14,8 +14,7 @@ import os
 import re
 import traceback
 
-from .compat import compat_os_name
-from .cookies import SUPPORTED_BROWSERS, SUPPORTED_KEYRINGS
+from .cookies import SUPPORTED_BROWSERS, SUPPORTED_KEYRINGS, CookieLoadError
 from .downloader.external import get_external_downloader
 from .extractor import list_extractor_classes
 from .extractor.adobepass import MSO_INFO
@@ -34,6 +33,7 @@ from .postprocessor import (
 )
 from .update import Updater
 from .utils import (
+    Config,
     NO_DEFAULT,
     POSTPROCESS_WHEN,
     DateRange,
@@ -43,7 +43,6 @@ from .utils import (
     GeoUtils,
     PlaylistEntries,
     SameFileError,
-    decodeOption,
     download_range_func,
     expand_path,
     float_or_none,
@@ -158,6 +157,9 @@ def set_compat_opts(opts):
             opts.embed_infojson = False
     if 'format-sort' in opts.compat_opts:
         opts.format_sort.extend(FormatSorter.ytdl_default)
+    elif 'prefer-vp9-sort' in opts.compat_opts:
+        opts.format_sort.extend(FormatSorter._prefer_vp9_sort)
+
     _video_multistreams_set = set_default_compat('multistreams', 'allow_multiple_video_streams', False, remove_compat=False)
     _audio_multistreams_set = set_default_compat('multistreams', 'allow_multiple_audio_streams', False, remove_compat=False)
     if _video_multistreams_set is False and _audio_multistreams_set is False:
@@ -235,6 +237,11 @@ def validate_options(opts):
         validate_regex('format sorting', f, FormatSorter.regex)
 
     # Postprocessor formats
+    if opts.convertsubtitles == 'none':
+        opts.convertsubtitles = None
+    if opts.convertthumbnails == 'none':
+        opts.convertthumbnails = None
+
     validate_regex('merge output format', opts.merge_output_format,
                    r'({0})(/({0}))*'.format('|'.join(map(re.escape, FFmpegMergerPP.SUPPORTED_EXTS))))
     validate_regex('audio format', opts.audioformat, FFmpegExtractAudioPP.FORMAT_RE)
@@ -874,8 +881,8 @@ def parse_options(argv=None):
         'listsubtitles': opts.listsubtitles,
         'subtitlesformat': opts.subtitlesformat,
         'subtitleslangs': opts.subtitleslangs,
-        'matchtitle': decodeOption(opts.matchtitle),
-        'rejecttitle': decodeOption(opts.rejecttitle),
+        'matchtitle': opts.matchtitle,
+        'rejecttitle': opts.rejecttitle,
         'max_downloads': opts.max_downloads,
         'prefer_free_formats': opts.prefer_free_formats,
         'trim_file_name': opts.trim_file_name,
@@ -962,6 +969,11 @@ def _real_main(argv=None):
 
     parser, opts, all_urls, ydl_opts = parse_options(argv)
 
+    # HACK: Set the plugin dirs early on
+    # TODO(coletdjnz): remove when plugin globals system is implemented
+    if opts.plugin_dirs is not None:
+        Config._plugin_dirs = list(map(expand_path, opts.plugin_dirs))
+
     # Dump user agent
     if opts.dump_user_agent:
         ua = traverse_obj(opts.headers, 'User-Agent', casesense=False, default=std_headers['User-Agent'])
@@ -1039,7 +1051,7 @@ def _real_main(argv=None):
             ydl.warn_if_short_id(args)
 
             # Show a useful error message and wait for keypress if not launched from shell on Windows
-            if not args and compat_os_name == 'nt' and getattr(sys, 'frozen', False):
+            if not args and os.name == 'nt' and getattr(sys, 'frozen', False):
                 import ctypes.wintypes
                 import msvcrt
 
@@ -1050,7 +1062,7 @@ def _real_main(argv=None):
                 # If we only have a single process attached, then the executable was double clicked
                 # When using `pyinstaller` with `--onefile`, two processes get attached
                 is_onefile = hasattr(sys, '_MEIPASS') and os.path.basename(sys._MEIPASS).startswith('_MEI')
-                if attached_processes == 1 or is_onefile and attached_processes == 2:
+                if attached_processes == 1 or (is_onefile and attached_processes == 2):
                     print(parser._generate_error_message(
                         'Do not double-click the executable, instead call it from a command line.\n'
                         'Please read the README for further information on how to use yt-dlp: '
@@ -1079,7 +1091,7 @@ def main(argv=None):
     _IN_CLI = True
     try:
         _exit(*variadic(_real_main(argv)))
-    except DownloadError:
+    except (CookieLoadError, DownloadError):
         _exit(1)
     except SameFileError as e:
         _exit(f'ERROR: {e}')
@@ -1097,9 +1109,9 @@ def main(argv=None):
 from .extractor import gen_extractors, list_extractors
 
 __all__ = [
-    'main',
     'YoutubeDL',
-    'parse_options',
     'gen_extractors',
     'list_extractors',
+    'main',
+    'parse_options',
 ]
diff --git a/yt_dlp/aes.py b/yt_dlp/aes.py
index abf54a998..9908434a5 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/aes.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/aes.py
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ from math import ceil
 
 from .compat import compat_ord
 from .dependencies import Cryptodome
-from .utils import bytes_to_intlist, intlist_to_bytes
 
 if Cryptodome.AES:
     def aes_cbc_decrypt_bytes(data, key, iv):
@@ -17,15 +16,15 @@ if Cryptodome.AES:
 else:
     def aes_cbc_decrypt_bytes(data, key, iv):
         """ Decrypt bytes with AES-CBC using native implementation since pycryptodome is unavailable """
-        return intlist_to_bytes(aes_cbc_decrypt(*map(bytes_to_intlist, (data, key, iv))))
+        return bytes(aes_cbc_decrypt(*map(list, (data, key, iv))))
 
     def aes_gcm_decrypt_and_verify_bytes(data, key, tag, nonce):
         """ Decrypt bytes with AES-GCM using native implementation since pycryptodome is unavailable """
-        return intlist_to_bytes(aes_gcm_decrypt_and_verify(*map(bytes_to_intlist, (data, key, tag, nonce))))
+        return bytes(aes_gcm_decrypt_and_verify(*map(list, (data, key, tag, nonce))))
 
 
 def aes_cbc_encrypt_bytes(data, key, iv, **kwargs):
-    return intlist_to_bytes(aes_cbc_encrypt(*map(bytes_to_intlist, (data, key, iv)), **kwargs))
+    return bytes(aes_cbc_encrypt(*map(list, (data, key, iv)), **kwargs))
 
 
 BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES = 16
@@ -221,7 +220,7 @@ def aes_gcm_decrypt_and_verify(data, key, tag, nonce):
         j0 = [*nonce, 0, 0, 0, 1]
     else:
         fill = (BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES - (len(nonce) % BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES)) % BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES + 8
-        ghash_in = nonce + [0] * fill + bytes_to_intlist((8 * len(nonce)).to_bytes(8, 'big'))
+        ghash_in = nonce + [0] * fill + list((8 * len(nonce)).to_bytes(8, 'big'))
         j0 = ghash(hash_subkey, ghash_in)
 
     # TODO: add nonce support to aes_ctr_decrypt
@@ -230,13 +229,13 @@ def aes_gcm_decrypt_and_verify(data, key, tag, nonce):
     iv_ctr = inc(j0)
 
     decrypted_data = aes_ctr_decrypt(data, key, iv_ctr + [0] * (BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES - len(iv_ctr)))
-    pad_len = len(data) // 16 * 16
+    pad_len = (BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES - (len(data) % BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES)) % BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES
     s_tag = ghash(
         hash_subkey,
         data
-        + [0] * (BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES - len(data) + pad_len)        # pad
-        + bytes_to_intlist((0 * 8).to_bytes(8, 'big')           # length of associated data
-                           + ((len(data) * 8).to_bytes(8, 'big'))),  # length of data
+        + [0] * pad_len                                  # pad
+        + list((0 * 8).to_bytes(8, 'big')                # length of associated data
+               + ((len(data) * 8).to_bytes(8, 'big'))),  # length of data
     )
 
     if tag != aes_ctr_encrypt(s_tag, key, j0):
@@ -300,8 +299,8 @@ def aes_decrypt_text(data, password, key_size_bytes):
     """
     NONCE_LENGTH_BYTES = 8
 
-    data = bytes_to_intlist(base64.b64decode(data))
-    password = bytes_to_intlist(password.encode())
+    data = list(base64.b64decode(data))
+    password = list(password.encode())
 
     key = password[:key_size_bytes] + [0] * (key_size_bytes - len(password))
     key = aes_encrypt(key[:BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES], key_expansion(key)) * (key_size_bytes // BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES)
@@ -310,7 +309,7 @@ def aes_decrypt_text(data, password, key_size_bytes):
     cipher = data[NONCE_LENGTH_BYTES:]
 
     decrypted_data = aes_ctr_decrypt(cipher, key, nonce + [0] * (BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES - NONCE_LENGTH_BYTES))
-    return intlist_to_bytes(decrypted_data)
+    return bytes(decrypted_data)
 
 
 RCON = (0x8d, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x1b, 0x36)
@@ -535,19 +534,17 @@ def ghash(subkey, data):
 __all__ = [
     'aes_cbc_decrypt',
     'aes_cbc_decrypt_bytes',
-    'aes_ctr_decrypt',
-    'aes_decrypt_text',
-    'aes_decrypt',
-    'aes_ecb_decrypt',
-    'aes_gcm_decrypt_and_verify',
-    'aes_gcm_decrypt_and_verify_bytes',
-
     'aes_cbc_encrypt',
     'aes_cbc_encrypt_bytes',
+    'aes_ctr_decrypt',
     'aes_ctr_encrypt',
+    'aes_decrypt',
+    'aes_decrypt_text',
+    'aes_ecb_decrypt',
     'aes_ecb_encrypt',
     'aes_encrypt',
-
+    'aes_gcm_decrypt_and_verify',
+    'aes_gcm_decrypt_and_verify_bytes',
     'key_expansion',
     'pad_block',
     'pkcs7_padding',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/compat/__init__.py b/yt_dlp/compat/__init__.py
index d820adaf1..d77962068 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/compat/__init__.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/compat/__init__.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import os
-import sys
 import xml.etree.ElementTree as etree
 
 from .compat_utils import passthrough_module
@@ -24,33 +23,14 @@ def compat_etree_fromstring(text):
     return etree.XML(text, parser=etree.XMLParser(target=_TreeBuilder()))
 
 
-compat_os_name = os._name if os.name == 'java' else os.name
-
-
-def compat_shlex_quote(s):
-    from ..utils import shell_quote
-    return shell_quote(s)
-
-
 def compat_ord(c):
     return c if isinstance(c, int) else ord(c)
 
 
-if compat_os_name == 'nt' and sys.version_info < (3, 8):
-    # os.path.realpath on Windows does not follow symbolic links
-    # prior to Python 3.8 (see https://bugs.python.org/issue9949)
-    def compat_realpath(path):
-        while os.path.islink(path):
-            path = os.path.abspath(os.readlink(path))
-        return os.path.realpath(path)
-else:
-    compat_realpath = os.path.realpath
-
-
 # Python 3.8+ does not honor %HOME% on windows, but this breaks compatibility with youtube-dl
 # See https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/792
 # https://docs.python.org/3/library/os.path.html#os.path.expanduser
-if compat_os_name in ('nt', 'ce'):
+if os.name in ('nt', 'ce'):
     def compat_expanduser(path):
         HOME = os.environ.get('HOME')
         if not HOME:
diff --git a/yt_dlp/compat/_deprecated.py b/yt_dlp/compat/_deprecated.py
index 607bae999..445acc1a0 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/compat/_deprecated.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/compat/_deprecated.py
@@ -8,16 +8,14 @@ passthrough_module(__name__, '.._legacy', callback=lambda attr: warnings.warn(
     DeprecationWarning(f'{__name__}.{attr} is deprecated'), stacklevel=6))
 del passthrough_module
 
-import base64
-import urllib.error
-import urllib.parse
+import functools  # noqa: F401
+import os
 
-compat_str = str
 
-compat_b64decode = base64.b64decode
+compat_os_name = os.name
+compat_realpath = os.path.realpath
 
-compat_urlparse = urllib.parse
-compat_parse_qs = urllib.parse.parse_qs
-compat_urllib_parse_unquote = urllib.parse.unquote
-compat_urllib_parse_urlencode = urllib.parse.urlencode
-compat_urllib_parse_urlparse = urllib.parse.urlparse
+
+def compat_shlex_quote(s):
+    from ..utils import shell_quote
+    return shell_quote(s)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/compat/_legacy.py b/yt_dlp/compat/_legacy.py
index dfc792eae..dae2c1459 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/compat/_legacy.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/compat/_legacy.py
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ from asyncio import run as compat_asyncio_run  # noqa: F401
 from re import Pattern as compat_Pattern  # noqa: F401
 from re import match as compat_Match  # noqa: F401
 
-from . import compat_expanduser, compat_HTMLParseError, compat_realpath
+from . import compat_expanduser, compat_HTMLParseError
 from .compat_utils import passthrough_module
 from ..dependencies import brotli as compat_brotli  # noqa: F401
 from ..dependencies import websockets as compat_websockets  # noqa: F401
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ compat_kwargs = lambda kwargs: kwargs
 compat_map = map
 compat_numeric_types = (int, float, complex)
 compat_os_path_expanduser = compat_expanduser
-compat_os_path_realpath = compat_realpath
+compat_os_path_realpath = os.path.realpath
 compat_print = print
 compat_shlex_split = shlex.split
 compat_socket_create_connection = socket.create_connection
@@ -104,5 +104,12 @@ compat_xml_parse_error = compat_xml_etree_ElementTree_ParseError = etree.ParseEr
 compat_xpath = lambda xpath: xpath
 compat_zip = zip
 workaround_optparse_bug9161 = lambda: None
+compat_str = str
+compat_b64decode = base64.b64decode
+compat_urlparse = urllib.parse
+compat_parse_qs = urllib.parse.parse_qs
+compat_urllib_parse_unquote = urllib.parse.unquote
+compat_urllib_parse_urlencode = urllib.parse.urlencode
+compat_urllib_parse_urlparse = urllib.parse.urlparse
 
 legacy = []
diff --git a/yt_dlp/compat/compat_utils.py b/yt_dlp/compat/compat_utils.py
index d62b7d048..d8b3c45cd 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/compat/compat_utils.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/compat/compat_utils.py
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ def passthrough_module(parent, child, allowed_attributes=(..., ), *, callback=la
         callback(attr)
         return ret
 
-    @functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+    @functools.cache
     def from_child(attr):
         nonlocal child
         if attr not in allowed_attributes:
diff --git a/yt_dlp/compat/functools.py b/yt_dlp/compat/functools.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 96689575f..000000000
--- a/yt_dlp/compat/functools.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-# flake8: noqa: F405
-from functools import *  # noqa: F403
-
-from .compat_utils import passthrough_module
-
-passthrough_module(__name__, 'functools')
-del passthrough_module
-
-try:
-    _ = cache  # >= 3.9
-except NameError:
-    cache = lru_cache(maxsize=None)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/compat/urllib/request.py b/yt_dlp/compat/urllib/request.py
index ad9fa83c8..dfc7f4a2d 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/compat/urllib/request.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/compat/urllib/request.py
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@ passthrough_module(__name__, 'urllib.request')
 del passthrough_module
 
 
-from .. import compat_os_name
+import os
 
-if compat_os_name == 'nt':
+if os.name == 'nt':
     # On older Python versions, proxies are extracted from Windows registry erroneously. [1]
     # If the https proxy in the registry does not have a scheme, urllib will incorrectly add https:// to it. [2]
     # It is unlikely that the user has actually set it to be https, so we should be fine to safely downgrade
@@ -37,4 +37,4 @@ if compat_os_name == 'nt':
     def getproxies():
         return getproxies_environment() or getproxies_registry_patched()
 
-del compat_os_name
+del os
diff --git a/yt_dlp/cookies.py b/yt_dlp/cookies.py
index 070d2fcb9..fad323c90 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/cookies.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/cookies.py
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ from .aes import (
     aes_gcm_decrypt_and_verify_bytes,
     unpad_pkcs7,
 )
-from .compat import compat_os_name
 from .dependencies import (
     _SECRETSTORAGE_UNAVAILABLE_REASON,
     secretstorage,
@@ -34,6 +33,7 @@ from .dependencies import (
 from .minicurses import MultilinePrinter, QuietMultilinePrinter
 from .utils import (
     DownloadError,
+    YoutubeDLError,
     Popen,
     error_to_str,
     expand_path,
@@ -86,24 +86,31 @@ def _create_progress_bar(logger):
     return printer
 
 
+class CookieLoadError(YoutubeDLError):
+    pass
+
+
 def load_cookies(cookie_file, browser_specification, ydl):
-    cookie_jars = []
-    if browser_specification is not None:
-        browser_name, profile, keyring, container = _parse_browser_specification(*browser_specification)
-        cookie_jars.append(
-            extract_cookies_from_browser(browser_name, profile, YDLLogger(ydl), keyring=keyring, container=container))
+    try:
+        cookie_jars = []
+        if browser_specification is not None:
+            browser_name, profile, keyring, container = _parse_browser_specification(*browser_specification)
+            cookie_jars.append(
+                extract_cookies_from_browser(browser_name, profile, YDLLogger(ydl), keyring=keyring, container=container))
 
-    if cookie_file is not None:
-        is_filename = is_path_like(cookie_file)
-        if is_filename:
-            cookie_file = expand_path(cookie_file)
+        if cookie_file is not None:
+            is_filename = is_path_like(cookie_file)
+            if is_filename:
+                cookie_file = expand_path(cookie_file)
 
-        jar = YoutubeDLCookieJar(cookie_file)
-        if not is_filename or os.access(cookie_file, os.R_OK):
-            jar.load()
-        cookie_jars.append(jar)
+            jar = YoutubeDLCookieJar(cookie_file)
+            if not is_filename or os.access(cookie_file, os.R_OK):
+                jar.load()
+            cookie_jars.append(jar)
 
-    return _merge_cookie_jars(cookie_jars)
+        return _merge_cookie_jars(cookie_jars)
+    except Exception:
+        raise CookieLoadError('failed to load cookies')
 
 
 def extract_cookies_from_browser(browser_name, profile=None, logger=YDLLogger(), *, keyring=None, container=None):
@@ -188,7 +195,10 @@ def _extract_firefox_cookies(profile, container, logger):
 
 def _firefox_browser_dirs():
     if sys.platform in ('cygwin', 'win32'):
-        yield os.path.expandvars(R'%APPDATA%\Mozilla\Firefox\Profiles')
+        yield from map(os.path.expandvars, (
+            R'%APPDATA%\Mozilla\Firefox\Profiles',
+            R'%LOCALAPPDATA%\Packages\Mozilla.Firefox_n80bbvh6b1yt2\LocalCache\Roaming\Mozilla\Firefox\Profiles',
+        ))
 
     elif sys.platform == 'darwin':
         yield os.path.expanduser('~/Library/Application Support/Firefox/Profiles')
@@ -294,12 +304,18 @@ def _extract_chrome_cookies(browser_name, profile, keyring, logger):
         raise FileNotFoundError(f'could not find {browser_name} cookies database in "{search_root}"')
     logger.debug(f'Extracting cookies from: "{cookie_database_path}"')
 
-    decryptor = get_cookie_decryptor(config['browser_dir'], config['keyring_name'], logger, keyring=keyring)
-
     with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory(prefix='yt_dlp') as tmpdir:
         cursor = None
         try:
             cursor = _open_database_copy(cookie_database_path, tmpdir)
+
+            # meta_version is necessary to determine if we need to trim the hash prefix from the cookies
+            # Ref: https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/b02dcebd7cafab92770734dc2bc317bd07f1d891/net/extras/sqlite/sqlite_persistent_cookie_store.cc#223
+            meta_version = int(cursor.execute('SELECT value FROM meta WHERE key = "version"').fetchone()[0])
+            decryptor = get_cookie_decryptor(
+                config['browser_dir'], config['keyring_name'], logger,
+                keyring=keyring, meta_version=meta_version)
+
             cursor.connection.text_factory = bytes
             column_names = _get_column_names(cursor, 'cookies')
             secure_column = 'is_secure' if 'is_secure' in column_names else 'secure'
@@ -329,7 +345,7 @@ def _extract_chrome_cookies(browser_name, profile, keyring, logger):
             logger.debug(f'cookie version breakdown: {counts}')
             return jar
         except PermissionError as error:
-            if compat_os_name == 'nt' and error.errno == 13:
+            if os.name == 'nt' and error.errno == 13:
                 message = 'Could not copy Chrome cookie database. See  https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7271  for more info'
                 logger.error(message)
                 raise DownloadError(message)  # force exit
@@ -397,22 +413,23 @@ class ChromeCookieDecryptor:
         raise NotImplementedError('Must be implemented by sub classes')
 
 
-def get_cookie_decryptor(browser_root, browser_keyring_name, logger, *, keyring=None):
+def get_cookie_decryptor(browser_root, browser_keyring_name, logger, *, keyring=None, meta_version=None):
     if sys.platform == 'darwin':
-        return MacChromeCookieDecryptor(browser_keyring_name, logger)
+        return MacChromeCookieDecryptor(browser_keyring_name, logger, meta_version=meta_version)
     elif sys.platform in ('win32', 'cygwin'):
-        return WindowsChromeCookieDecryptor(browser_root, logger)
-    return LinuxChromeCookieDecryptor(browser_keyring_name, logger, keyring=keyring)
+        return WindowsChromeCookieDecryptor(browser_root, logger, meta_version=meta_version)
+    return LinuxChromeCookieDecryptor(browser_keyring_name, logger, keyring=keyring, meta_version=meta_version)
 
 
 class LinuxChromeCookieDecryptor(ChromeCookieDecryptor):
-    def __init__(self, browser_keyring_name, logger, *, keyring=None):
+    def __init__(self, browser_keyring_name, logger, *, keyring=None, meta_version=None):
         self._logger = logger
         self._v10_key = self.derive_key(b'peanuts')
         self._empty_key = self.derive_key(b'')
         self._cookie_counts = {'v10': 0, 'v11': 0, 'other': 0}
         self._browser_keyring_name = browser_keyring_name
         self._keyring = keyring
+        self._meta_version = meta_version or 0
 
     @functools.cached_property
     def _v11_key(self):
@@ -441,14 +458,18 @@ class LinuxChromeCookieDecryptor(ChromeCookieDecryptor):
 
         if version == b'v10':
             self._cookie_counts['v10'] += 1
-            return _decrypt_aes_cbc_multi(ciphertext, (self._v10_key, self._empty_key), self._logger)
+            return _decrypt_aes_cbc_multi(
+                ciphertext, (self._v10_key, self._empty_key), self._logger,
+                hash_prefix=self._meta_version >= 24)
 
         elif version == b'v11':
             self._cookie_counts['v11'] += 1
             if self._v11_key is None:
                 self._logger.warning('cannot decrypt v11 cookies: no key found', only_once=True)
                 return None
-            return _decrypt_aes_cbc_multi(ciphertext, (self._v11_key, self._empty_key), self._logger)
+            return _decrypt_aes_cbc_multi(
+                ciphertext, (self._v11_key, self._empty_key), self._logger,
+                hash_prefix=self._meta_version >= 24)
 
         else:
             self._logger.warning(f'unknown cookie version: "{version}"', only_once=True)
@@ -457,11 +478,12 @@ class LinuxChromeCookieDecryptor(ChromeCookieDecryptor):
 
 
 class MacChromeCookieDecryptor(ChromeCookieDecryptor):
-    def __init__(self, browser_keyring_name, logger):
+    def __init__(self, browser_keyring_name, logger, meta_version=None):
         self._logger = logger
         password = _get_mac_keyring_password(browser_keyring_name, logger)
         self._v10_key = None if password is None else self.derive_key(password)
         self._cookie_counts = {'v10': 0, 'other': 0}
+        self._meta_version = meta_version or 0
 
     @staticmethod
     def derive_key(password):
@@ -479,7 +501,8 @@ class MacChromeCookieDecryptor(ChromeCookieDecryptor):
                 self._logger.warning('cannot decrypt v10 cookies: no key found', only_once=True)
                 return None
 
-            return _decrypt_aes_cbc_multi(ciphertext, (self._v10_key,), self._logger)
+            return _decrypt_aes_cbc_multi(
+                ciphertext, (self._v10_key,), self._logger, hash_prefix=self._meta_version >= 24)
 
         else:
             self._cookie_counts['other'] += 1
@@ -489,10 +512,11 @@ class MacChromeCookieDecryptor(ChromeCookieDecryptor):
 
 
 class WindowsChromeCookieDecryptor(ChromeCookieDecryptor):
-    def __init__(self, browser_root, logger):
+    def __init__(self, browser_root, logger, meta_version=None):
         self._logger = logger
         self._v10_key = _get_windows_v10_key(browser_root, logger)
         self._cookie_counts = {'v10': 0, 'other': 0}
+        self._meta_version = meta_version or 0
 
     def decrypt(self, encrypted_value):
         version = encrypted_value[:3]
@@ -516,7 +540,9 @@ class WindowsChromeCookieDecryptor(ChromeCookieDecryptor):
             ciphertext = raw_ciphertext[nonce_length:-authentication_tag_length]
             authentication_tag = raw_ciphertext[-authentication_tag_length:]
 
-            return _decrypt_aes_gcm(ciphertext, self._v10_key, nonce, authentication_tag, self._logger)
+            return _decrypt_aes_gcm(
+                ciphertext, self._v10_key, nonce, authentication_tag, self._logger,
+                hash_prefix=self._meta_version >= 24)
 
         else:
             self._cookie_counts['other'] += 1
@@ -1002,10 +1028,12 @@ def pbkdf2_sha1(password, salt, iterations, key_length):
     return hashlib.pbkdf2_hmac('sha1', password, salt, iterations, key_length)
 
 
-def _decrypt_aes_cbc_multi(ciphertext, keys, logger, initialization_vector=b' ' * 16):
+def _decrypt_aes_cbc_multi(ciphertext, keys, logger, initialization_vector=b' ' * 16, hash_prefix=False):
     for key in keys:
         plaintext = unpad_pkcs7(aes_cbc_decrypt_bytes(ciphertext, key, initialization_vector))
         try:
+            if hash_prefix:
+                return plaintext[32:].decode()
             return plaintext.decode()
         except UnicodeDecodeError:
             pass
@@ -1013,7 +1041,7 @@ def _decrypt_aes_cbc_multi(ciphertext, keys, logger, initialization_vector=b' '
     return None
 
 
-def _decrypt_aes_gcm(ciphertext, key, nonce, authentication_tag, logger):
+def _decrypt_aes_gcm(ciphertext, key, nonce, authentication_tag, logger, hash_prefix=False):
     try:
         plaintext = aes_gcm_decrypt_and_verify_bytes(ciphertext, key, authentication_tag, nonce)
     except ValueError:
@@ -1021,6 +1049,8 @@ def _decrypt_aes_gcm(ciphertext, key, nonce, authentication_tag, logger):
         return None
 
     try:
+        if hash_prefix:
+            return plaintext[32:].decode()
         return plaintext.decode()
     except UnicodeDecodeError:
         logger.warning('failed to decrypt cookie (AES-GCM) because UTF-8 decoding failed. Possibly the key is wrong?', only_once=True)
@@ -1053,8 +1083,9 @@ def _decrypt_windows_dpapi(ciphertext, logger):
         ctypes.byref(blob_out),  # pDataOut
     )
     if not ret:
-        logger.warning('failed to decrypt with DPAPI', only_once=True)
-        return None
+        message = 'Failed to decrypt with DPAPI. See  https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10927  for more info'
+        logger.error(message)
+        raise DownloadError(message)  # force exit
 
     result = ctypes.string_at(blob_out.pbData, blob_out.cbData)
     ctypes.windll.kernel32.LocalFree(blob_out.pbData)
@@ -1248,8 +1279,8 @@ class YoutubeDLCookieJar(http.cookiejar.MozillaCookieJar):
     def _really_save(self, f, ignore_discard, ignore_expires):
         now = time.time()
         for cookie in self:
-            if (not ignore_discard and cookie.discard
-                    or not ignore_expires and cookie.is_expired(now)):
+            if ((not ignore_discard and cookie.discard)
+                    or (not ignore_expires and cookie.is_expired(now))):
                 continue
             name, value = cookie.name, cookie.value
             if value is None:
diff --git a/yt_dlp/dependencies/Cryptodome.py b/yt_dlp/dependencies/Cryptodome.py
index 2cfa4c952..0e4404d49 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/dependencies/Cryptodome.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/dependencies/Cryptodome.py
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ try:
         from Crypto.Cipher import AES, PKCS1_OAEP, Blowfish, PKCS1_v1_5  # noqa: F401
         from Crypto.Hash import CMAC, SHA1  # noqa: F401
         from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA  # noqa: F401
-except ImportError:
+except (ImportError, OSError):
     __version__ = f'broken {__version__}'.strip()
 
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/downloader/common.py b/yt_dlp/downloader/common.py
index 2e3ea2fc4..e8dcb37cc 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/common.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/common.py
@@ -20,9 +20,7 @@ from ..utils import (
     Namespace,
     RetryManager,
     classproperty,
-    decodeArgument,
     deprecation_warning,
-    encodeFilename,
     format_bytes,
     join_nonempty,
     parse_bytes,
@@ -219,7 +217,7 @@ class FileDownloader:
     def temp_name(self, filename):
         """Returns a temporary filename for the given filename."""
         if self.params.get('nopart', False) or filename == '-' or \
-                (os.path.exists(encodeFilename(filename)) and not os.path.isfile(encodeFilename(filename))):
+                (os.path.exists(filename) and not os.path.isfile(filename)):
             return filename
         return filename + '.part'
 
@@ -273,7 +271,7 @@ class FileDownloader:
         """Try to set the last-modified time of the given file."""
         if last_modified_hdr is None:
             return
-        if not os.path.isfile(encodeFilename(filename)):
+        if not os.path.isfile(filename):
             return
         timestr = last_modified_hdr
         if timestr is None:
@@ -432,13 +430,13 @@ class FileDownloader:
         """
         nooverwrites_and_exists = (
             not self.params.get('overwrites', True)
-            and os.path.exists(encodeFilename(filename))
+            and os.path.exists(filename)
         )
 
         if not hasattr(filename, 'write'):
             continuedl_and_exists = (
                 self.params.get('continuedl', True)
-                and os.path.isfile(encodeFilename(filename))
+                and os.path.isfile(filename)
                 and not self.params.get('nopart', False)
             )
 
@@ -448,7 +446,7 @@ class FileDownloader:
                 self._hook_progress({
                     'filename': filename,
                     'status': 'finished',
-                    'total_bytes': os.path.getsize(encodeFilename(filename)),
+                    'total_bytes': os.path.getsize(filename),
                 }, info_dict)
                 self._finish_multiline_status()
                 return True, False
@@ -489,9 +487,7 @@ class FileDownloader:
         if not self.params.get('verbose', False):
             return
 
-        str_args = [decodeArgument(a) for a in args]
-
         if exe is None:
-            exe = os.path.basename(str_args[0])
+            exe = os.path.basename(args[0])
 
-        self.write_debug(f'{exe} command line: {shell_quote(str_args)}')
+        self.write_debug(f'{exe} command line: {shell_quote(args)}')
diff --git a/yt_dlp/downloader/external.py b/yt_dlp/downloader/external.py
index ae2372915..7f6b5b45c 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/external.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/external.py
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ from ..utils import (
     cli_valueless_option,
     determine_ext,
     encodeArgument,
-    encodeFilename,
     find_available_port,
     remove_end,
     traverse_obj,
@@ -67,7 +66,7 @@ class ExternalFD(FragmentFD):
                 'elapsed': time.time() - started,
             }
             if filename != '-':
-                fsize = os.path.getsize(encodeFilename(tmpfilename))
+                fsize = os.path.getsize(tmpfilename)
                 self.try_rename(tmpfilename, filename)
                 status.update({
                     'downloaded_bytes': fsize,
@@ -184,9 +183,9 @@ class ExternalFD(FragmentFD):
             dest.write(decrypt_fragment(fragment, src.read()))
             src.close()
             if not self.params.get('keep_fragments', False):
-                self.try_remove(encodeFilename(fragment_filename))
+                self.try_remove(fragment_filename)
         dest.close()
-        self.try_remove(encodeFilename(f'{tmpfilename}.frag.urls'))
+        self.try_remove(f'{tmpfilename}.frag.urls')
         return 0
 
     def _call_process(self, cmd, info_dict):
@@ -508,7 +507,7 @@ class FFmpegFD(ExternalFD):
         env = None
         proxy = self.params.get('proxy')
         if proxy:
-            if not re.match(r'^[\da-zA-Z]+://', proxy):
+            if not re.match(r'[\da-zA-Z]+://', proxy):
                 proxy = f'http://{proxy}'
 
             if proxy.startswith('socks'):
@@ -559,7 +558,7 @@ class FFmpegFD(ExternalFD):
 
         selected_formats = info_dict.get('requested_formats') or [info_dict]
         for i, fmt in enumerate(selected_formats):
-            is_http = re.match(r'^https?://', fmt['url'])
+            is_http = re.match(r'https?://', fmt['url'])
             cookies = self.ydl.cookiejar.get_cookies_for_url(fmt['url']) if is_http else []
             if cookies:
                 args.extend(['-cookies', ''.join(
@@ -620,7 +619,7 @@ class FFmpegFD(ExternalFD):
         args += self._configuration_args(('_o1', '_o', ''))
 
         args = [encodeArgument(opt) for opt in args]
-        args.append(encodeFilename(ffpp._ffmpeg_filename_argument(tmpfilename), True))
+        args.append(ffpp._ffmpeg_filename_argument(tmpfilename))
         self._debug_cmd(args)
 
         piped = any(fmt['url'] in ('-', 'pipe:') for fmt in selected_formats)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/downloader/fragment.py b/yt_dlp/downloader/fragment.py
index 0d00196e2..98784e703 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/fragment.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/fragment.py
@@ -9,10 +9,9 @@ import time
 from .common import FileDownloader
 from .http import HttpFD
 from ..aes import aes_cbc_decrypt_bytes, unpad_pkcs7
-from ..compat import compat_os_name
 from ..networking import Request
 from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError, IncompleteRead
-from ..utils import DownloadError, RetryManager, encodeFilename, traverse_obj
+from ..utils import DownloadError, RetryManager, traverse_obj
 from ..utils.networking import HTTPHeaderDict
 from ..utils.progress import ProgressCalculator
 
@@ -152,7 +151,7 @@ class FragmentFD(FileDownloader):
             if self.__do_ytdl_file(ctx):
                 self._write_ytdl_file(ctx)
             if not self.params.get('keep_fragments', False):
-                self.try_remove(encodeFilename(ctx['fragment_filename_sanitized']))
+                self.try_remove(ctx['fragment_filename_sanitized'])
             del ctx['fragment_filename_sanitized']
 
     def _prepare_frag_download(self, ctx):
@@ -188,7 +187,7 @@ class FragmentFD(FileDownloader):
         })
 
         if self.__do_ytdl_file(ctx):
-            ytdl_file_exists = os.path.isfile(encodeFilename(self.ytdl_filename(ctx['filename'])))
+            ytdl_file_exists = os.path.isfile(self.ytdl_filename(ctx['filename']))
             continuedl = self.params.get('continuedl', True)
             if continuedl and ytdl_file_exists:
                 self._read_ytdl_file(ctx)
@@ -390,7 +389,7 @@ class FragmentFD(FileDownloader):
             def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
                 pass
 
-        if compat_os_name == 'nt':
+        if os.name == 'nt':
             def future_result(future):
                 while True:
                     try:
diff --git a/yt_dlp/downloader/hls.py b/yt_dlp/downloader/hls.py
index 0a00d5dab..da2574da7 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/hls.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/hls.py
@@ -119,12 +119,12 @@ class HlsFD(FragmentFD):
             self.to_screen(f'[{self.FD_NAME}] Fragment downloads will be delegated to {real_downloader.get_basename()}')
 
         def is_ad_fragment_start(s):
-            return (s.startswith('#ANVATO-SEGMENT-INFO') and 'type=ad' in s
-                    or s.startswith('#UPLYNK-SEGMENT') and s.endswith(',ad'))
+            return ((s.startswith('#ANVATO-SEGMENT-INFO') and 'type=ad' in s)
+                    or (s.startswith('#UPLYNK-SEGMENT') and s.endswith(',ad')))
 
         def is_ad_fragment_end(s):
-            return (s.startswith('#ANVATO-SEGMENT-INFO') and 'type=master' in s
-                    or s.startswith('#UPLYNK-SEGMENT') and s.endswith(',segment'))
+            return ((s.startswith('#ANVATO-SEGMENT-INFO') and 'type=master' in s)
+                    or (s.startswith('#UPLYNK-SEGMENT') and s.endswith(',segment')))
 
         fragments = []
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/downloader/http.py b/yt_dlp/downloader/http.py
index c0165790d..9c6dd8b79 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/http.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/http.py
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ from ..utils import (
     ThrottledDownload,
     XAttrMetadataError,
     XAttrUnavailableError,
-    encodeFilename,
     int_or_none,
     parse_http_range,
     try_call,
@@ -58,9 +57,8 @@ class HttpFD(FileDownloader):
 
         if self.params.get('continuedl', True):
             # Establish possible resume length
-            if os.path.isfile(encodeFilename(ctx.tmpfilename)):
-                ctx.resume_len = os.path.getsize(
-                    encodeFilename(ctx.tmpfilename))
+            if os.path.isfile(ctx.tmpfilename):
+                ctx.resume_len = os.path.getsize(ctx.tmpfilename)
 
         ctx.is_resume = ctx.resume_len > 0
 
@@ -241,7 +239,7 @@ class HttpFD(FileDownloader):
                     ctx.resume_len = byte_counter
                 else:
                     try:
-                        ctx.resume_len = os.path.getsize(encodeFilename(ctx.tmpfilename))
+                        ctx.resume_len = os.path.getsize(ctx.tmpfilename)
                     except FileNotFoundError:
                         ctx.resume_len = 0
                 raise RetryDownload(e)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/downloader/rtmp.py b/yt_dlp/downloader/rtmp.py
index d7ffb3b34..1b831e5f3 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/rtmp.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/rtmp.py
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ from ..utils import (
     Popen,
     check_executable,
     encodeArgument,
-    encodeFilename,
     get_exe_version,
 )
 
@@ -179,7 +178,7 @@ class RtmpFD(FileDownloader):
             return False
 
         while retval in (RD_INCOMPLETE, RD_FAILED) and not test and not live:
-            prevsize = os.path.getsize(encodeFilename(tmpfilename))
+            prevsize = os.path.getsize(tmpfilename)
             self.to_screen(f'[rtmpdump] Downloaded {prevsize} bytes')
             time.sleep(5.0)  # This seems to be needed
             args = [*basic_args, '--resume']
@@ -187,7 +186,7 @@ class RtmpFD(FileDownloader):
                 args += ['--skip', '1']
             args = [encodeArgument(a) for a in args]
             retval = run_rtmpdump(args)
-            cursize = os.path.getsize(encodeFilename(tmpfilename))
+            cursize = os.path.getsize(tmpfilename)
             if prevsize == cursize and retval == RD_FAILED:
                 break
             # Some rtmp streams seem abort after ~ 99.8%. Don't complain for those
@@ -196,7 +195,7 @@ class RtmpFD(FileDownloader):
                 retval = RD_SUCCESS
                 break
         if retval == RD_SUCCESS or (test and retval == RD_INCOMPLETE):
-            fsize = os.path.getsize(encodeFilename(tmpfilename))
+            fsize = os.path.getsize(tmpfilename)
             self.to_screen(f'[rtmpdump] Downloaded {fsize} bytes')
             self.try_rename(tmpfilename, filename)
             self._hook_progress({
diff --git a/yt_dlp/downloader/rtsp.py b/yt_dlp/downloader/rtsp.py
index e89269fed..b4b0be7e6 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/rtsp.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/rtsp.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import os
 import subprocess
 
 from .common import FileDownloader
-from ..utils import check_executable, encodeFilename
+from ..utils import check_executable
 
 
 class RtspFD(FileDownloader):
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ class RtspFD(FileDownloader):
 
         retval = subprocess.call(args)
         if retval == 0:
-            fsize = os.path.getsize(encodeFilename(tmpfilename))
+            fsize = os.path.getsize(tmpfilename)
             self.to_screen(f'\r[{args[0]}] {fsize} bytes')
             self.try_rename(tmpfilename, filename)
             self._hook_progress({
diff --git a/yt_dlp/downloader/youtube_live_chat.py b/yt_dlp/downloader/youtube_live_chat.py
index 961938d44..ddd912ca2 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/youtube_live_chat.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/youtube_live_chat.py
@@ -123,8 +123,8 @@ class YoutubeLiveChatFD(FragmentFD):
                         data,
                         lambda x: x['continuationContents']['liveChatContinuation'], dict) or {}
 
-                    func = (info_dict['protocol'] == 'youtube_live_chat' and parse_actions_live
-                            or frag_index == 1 and try_refresh_replay_beginning
+                    func = ((info_dict['protocol'] == 'youtube_live_chat' and parse_actions_live)
+                            or (frag_index == 1 and try_refresh_replay_beginning)
                             or parse_actions_replay)
                     return (True, *func(live_chat_continuation))
                 except HTTPError as err:
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/_extractors.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/_extractors.py
index 6ebe0be51..3d01ed6fe 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/_extractors.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/_extractors.py
@@ -208,6 +208,10 @@ from .bandcamp import (
     BandcampUserIE,
     BandcampWeeklyIE,
 )
+from .bandlab import (
+    BandlabIE,
+    BandlabPlaylistIE,
+)
 from .bannedvideo import BannedVideoIE
 from .bbc import (
     BBCIE,
@@ -217,6 +221,7 @@ from .bbc import (
     BBCCoUkIPlayerGroupIE,
     BBCCoUkPlaylistIE,
 )
+from .beacon import BeaconTvIE
 from .beatbump import (
     BeatBumpPlaylistIE,
     BeatBumpVideoIE,
@@ -277,6 +282,7 @@ from .bleacherreport import (
 from .blerp import BlerpIE
 from .blogger import BloggerIE
 from .bloomberg import BloombergIE
+from .bluesky import BlueskyIE
 from .bokecc import BokeCCIE
 from .bongacams import BongaCamsIE
 from .boosty import BoostyIE
@@ -362,7 +368,10 @@ from .ccc import (
 )
 from .ccma import CCMAIE
 from .cctv import CCTVIE
-from .cda import CDAIE
+from .cda import (
+    CDAIE,
+    CDAFolderIE,
+)
 from .cellebrite import CellebriteIE
 from .ceskatelevize import CeskaTelevizeIE
 from .cgtn import CGTNIE
@@ -397,8 +406,6 @@ from .cmt import CMTIE
 from .cnbc import CNBCVideoIE
 from .cnn import (
     CNNIE,
-    CNNArticleIE,
-    CNNBlogsIE,
     CNNIndonesiaIE,
 )
 from .comedycentral import (
@@ -705,6 +712,7 @@ from .gab import (
     GabTVIE,
 )
 from .gaia import GaiaIE
+from .gamedevtv import GameDevTVDashboardIE
 from .gamejolt import (
     GameJoltCommunityIE,
     GameJoltGameIE,
@@ -729,6 +737,7 @@ from .genius import (
     GeniusIE,
     GeniusLyricsIE,
 )
+from .germanupa import GermanupaIE
 from .getcourseru import (
     GetCourseRuIE,
     GetCourseRuPlayerIE,
@@ -822,7 +831,10 @@ from .hungama import (
     HungamaIE,
     HungamaSongIE,
 )
-from .huya import HuyaLiveIE
+from .huya import (
+    HuyaLiveIE,
+    HuyaVideoIE,
+)
 from .hypem import HypemIE
 from .hypergryph import MonsterSirenHypergryphMusicIE
 from .hytale import HytaleIE
@@ -934,6 +946,10 @@ from .kaltura import KalturaIE
 from .kankanews import KankaNewsIE
 from .karaoketv import KaraoketvIE
 from .kelbyone import KelbyOneIE
+from .kenh14 import (
+    Kenh14PlaylistIE,
+    Kenh14VideoIE,
+)
 from .khanacademy import (
     KhanAcademyIE,
     KhanAcademyUnitIE,
@@ -945,6 +961,7 @@ from .kick import (
 )
 from .kicker import KickerIE
 from .kickstarter import KickStarterIE
+from .kika import KikaIE
 from .kinja import KinjaEmbedIE
 from .kinopoisk import KinoPoiskIE
 from .kommunetv import KommunetvIE
@@ -1036,10 +1053,7 @@ from .livestream import (
     LivestreamShortenerIE,
 )
 from .livestreamfails import LivestreamfailsIE
-from .lnkgo import (
-    LnkGoIE,
-    LnkIE,
-)
+from .lnk import LnkIE
 from .loom import (
     LoomFolderIE,
     LoomIE,
@@ -1125,12 +1139,6 @@ from .microsoftembed import (
     MicrosoftMediusIE,
 )
 from .microsoftstream import MicrosoftStreamIE
-from .mildom import (
-    MildomClipIE,
-    MildomIE,
-    MildomUserVodIE,
-    MildomVodIE,
-)
 from .minds import (
     MindsChannelIE,
     MindsGroupIE,
@@ -1150,6 +1158,7 @@ from .mitele import MiTeleIE
 from .mixch import (
     MixchArchiveIE,
     MixchIE,
+    MixchMovieIE,
 )
 from .mixcloud import (
     MixcloudIE,
@@ -1164,6 +1173,7 @@ from .mlb import (
 )
 from .mlssoccer import MLSSoccerIE
 from .mocha import MochaVideoIE
+from .mojevideo import MojevideoIE
 from .mojvideo import MojvideoIE
 from .monstercat import MonstercatIE
 from .motherless import (
@@ -1510,8 +1520,8 @@ from .pgatour import PGATourIE
 from .philharmoniedeparis import PhilharmonieDeParisIE
 from .phoenix import PhoenixIE
 from .photobucket import PhotobucketIE
+from .pialive import PiaLiveIE
 from .piapro import PiaproIE
-from .piaulizaportal import PIAULIZAPortalIE
 from .picarto import (
     PicartoIE,
     PicartoVodIE,
@@ -1548,10 +1558,6 @@ from .podbayfm import (
 )
 from .podchaser import PodchaserIE
 from .podomatic import PodomaticIE
-from .pokemon import (
-    PokemonIE,
-    PokemonWatchIE,
-)
 from .pokergo import (
     PokerGoCollectionIE,
     PokerGoIE,
@@ -1642,6 +1648,7 @@ from .radiokapital import (
     RadioKapitalIE,
     RadioKapitalShowIE,
 )
+from .radioradicale import RadioRadicaleIE
 from .radiozet import RadioZetPodcastIE
 from .radlive import (
     RadLiveChannelIE,
@@ -1811,6 +1818,7 @@ from .screen9 import Screen9IE
 from .screencast import ScreencastIE
 from .screencastify import ScreencastifyIE
 from .screencastomatic import ScreencastOMaticIE
+from .screenrec import ScreenRecIE
 from .scrippsnetworks import (
     ScrippsNetworksIE,
     ScrippsNetworksWatchIE,
@@ -1821,6 +1829,7 @@ from .scte import (
     SCTECourseIE,
 )
 from .sejmpl import SejmIE
+from .sen import SenIE
 from .senalcolombia import SenalColombiaLiveIE
 from .senategov import (
     SenateGovIE,
@@ -1876,6 +1885,7 @@ from .slideshare import SlideshareIE
 from .slideslive import SlidesLiveIE
 from .slutload import SlutloadIE
 from .smotrim import SmotrimIE
+from .snapchat import SnapchatSpotlightIE
 from .snotr import SnotrIE
 from .sohu import (
     SohuIE,
@@ -1930,9 +1940,7 @@ from .spotify import (
 )
 from .spreaker import (
     SpreakerIE,
-    SpreakerPageIE,
     SpreakerShowIE,
-    SpreakerShowPageIE,
 )
 from .springboardplatform import SpringboardPlatformIE
 from .sprout import SproutIE
@@ -2243,6 +2251,10 @@ from .ufctv import (
 )
 from .ukcolumn import UkColumnIE
 from .uktvplay import UKTVPlayIE
+from .uliza import (
+    UlizaPlayerIE,
+    UlizaPortalIE,
+)
 from .umg import UMGDeIE
 from .unistra import UnistraIE
 from .unity import UnityIE
@@ -2271,10 +2283,6 @@ from .utreon import UtreonIE
 from .varzesh3 import Varzesh3IE
 from .vbox7 import Vbox7IE
 from .veo import VeoIE
-from .veoh import (
-    VeohIE,
-    VeohUserIE,
-)
 from .vesti import VestiIE
 from .vevo import (
     VevoIE,
@@ -2312,6 +2320,7 @@ from .videomore import (
     VideomoreVideoIE,
 )
 from .videopress import VideoPressIE
+from .vidflex import VidflexIE
 from .vidio import (
     VidioIE,
     VidioLiveIE,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/abc.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/abc.py
index 7518ba6f0..7296be73b 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/abc.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/abc.py
@@ -387,17 +387,27 @@ class ABCIViewShowSeriesIE(InfoExtractor):
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://cdn\.iview\.abc\.net\.au/thumbs/.*\.jpg$',
         },
         'playlist_count': 15,
+        'skip': 'This program is not currently available in ABC iview',
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://iview.abc.net.au/show/inbestigators',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '175343-1',
+            'title': 'Series 1',
+            'description': 'md5:b9976935a6450e5b78ce2a940a755685',
+            'series': 'The Inbestigators',
+            'season': 'Series 1',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://cdn\.iview\.abc\.net\.au/thumbs/.+\.jpg',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 17,
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         show_id = self._match_id(url)
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, show_id)
-        webpage_data = self._search_regex(
-            r'window\.__INITIAL_STATE__\s*=\s*[\'"](.+?)[\'"]\s*;',
-            webpage, 'initial state')
-        video_data = self._parse_json(
-            unescapeHTML(webpage_data).encode().decode('unicode_escape'), show_id)
-        video_data = video_data['route']['pageData']['_embedded']
+        video_data = self._search_json(
+            r'window\.__INITIAL_STATE__\s*=\s*[\'"]', webpage, 'initial state', show_id,
+            transform_source=lambda x: x.encode().decode('unicode_escape'),
+            end_pattern=r'[\'"]\s*;')['route']['pageData']['_embedded']
 
         highlight = try_get(video_data, lambda x: x['highlightVideo']['shareUrl'])
         if not self._yes_playlist(show_id, bool(highlight), video_label='highlight video'):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/abematv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/abematv.py
index 66ab083fe..b1343eed3 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/abematv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/abematv.py
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import hmac
 import io
 import json
 import re
-import struct
 import time
 import urllib.parse
 import uuid
@@ -18,10 +17,8 @@ from ..networking.exceptions import TransportError
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     OnDemandPagedList,
-    bytes_to_intlist,
     decode_base_n,
     int_or_none,
-    intlist_to_bytes,
     time_seconds,
     traverse_obj,
     update_url_query,
@@ -72,15 +69,15 @@ class AbemaLicenseRH(RequestHandler):
             })
 
         res = decode_base_n(license_response['k'], table=self._STRTABLE)
-        encvideokey = bytes_to_intlist(struct.pack('>QQ', res >> 64, res & 0xffffffffffffffff))
+        encvideokey = list(res.to_bytes(16, 'big'))
 
         h = hmac.new(
             binascii.unhexlify(self._HKEY),
             (license_response['cid'] + self.ie._DEVICE_ID).encode(),
             digestmod=hashlib.sha256)
-        enckey = bytes_to_intlist(h.digest())
+        enckey = list(h.digest())
 
-        return intlist_to_bytes(aes_ecb_decrypt(encvideokey, enckey))
+        return bytes(aes_ecb_decrypt(encvideokey, enckey))
 
 
 class AbemaTVBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/academicearth.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/academicearth.py
index d9691cb5c..b997a0288 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/academicearth.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/academicearth.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from .common import InfoExtractor
 
 
 class AcademicEarthCourseIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'^https?://(?:www\.)?academicearth\.org/playlists/(?P<id>[^?#/]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?academicearth\.org/playlists/(?P<id>[^?#/]+)'
     IE_NAME = 'AcademicEarth:Course'
     _TEST = {
         'url': 'http://academicearth.org/playlists/laws-of-nature/',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/adn.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/adn.py
index 337071794..7dff40556 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/adn.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/adn.py
@@ -11,11 +11,9 @@ from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     ass_subtitles_timecode,
-    bytes_to_intlist,
     bytes_to_long,
     float_or_none,
     int_or_none,
-    intlist_to_bytes,
     join_nonempty,
     long_to_bytes,
     parse_iso8601,
@@ -49,9 +47,9 @@ class ADNBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
 
 
 class ADNIE(ADNBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?(?:animation|anime)digitalnetwork\.com/(?:(?P<lang>de)/)?video/[^/?#]+/(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?animationdigitalnetwork\.com/(?:(?P<lang>de)/)?video/[^/?#]+/(?P<id>\d+)'
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://animationdigitalnetwork.com/video/fruits-basket/9841-episode-1-a-ce-soir',
+        'url': 'https://animationdigitalnetwork.com/video/558-fruits-basket/9841-episode-1-a-ce-soir',
         'md5': '1c9ef066ceb302c86f80c2b371615261',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '9841',
@@ -71,10 +69,7 @@ class ADNIE(ADNBaseIE):
         },
         'skip': 'Only available in French and German speaking Europe',
     }, {
-        'url': 'http://animedigitalnetwork.com/video/blue-exorcist-kyoto-saga/7778-episode-1-debut-des-hostilites',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://animationdigitalnetwork.com/de/video/the-eminence-in-shadow/23550-folge-1',
+        'url': 'https://animationdigitalnetwork.com/de/video/973-the-eminence-in-shadow/23550-folge-1',
         'md5': '5c5651bf5791fa6fcd7906012b9d94e8',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '23550',
@@ -167,7 +162,7 @@ Format: Marked,Start,End,Style,Name,MarginL,MarginR,MarginV,Effect,Text'''
                     'username': username,
                 })) or {}).get('accessToken')
             if access_token:
-                self._HEADERS = {'authorization': 'Bearer ' + access_token}
+                self._HEADERS['Authorization'] = f'Bearer {access_token}'
         except ExtractorError as e:
             message = None
             if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 401:
@@ -178,6 +173,7 @@ Format: Marked,Start,End,Style,Name,MarginL,MarginR,MarginV,Effect,Text'''
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         lang, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('lang', 'id')
+        self._HEADERS['X-Target-Distribution'] = lang or 'fr'
         video_base_url = self._PLAYER_BASE_URL + f'video/{video_id}/'
         player = self._download_json(
             video_base_url + 'configuration', video_id,
@@ -200,16 +196,16 @@ Format: Marked,Start,End,Style,Name,MarginL,MarginR,MarginV,Effect,Text'''
 
         links_url = try_get(options, lambda x: x['video']['url']) or (video_base_url + 'link')
         self._K = ''.join(random.choices('0123456789abcdef', k=16))
-        message = bytes_to_intlist(json.dumps({
+        message = list(json.dumps({
             'k': self._K,
             't': token,
-        }))
+        }).encode())
 
         # Sometimes authentication fails for no good reason, retry with
         # a different random padding
         links_data = None
         for _ in range(3):
-            padded_message = intlist_to_bytes(pkcs1pad(message, 128))
+            padded_message = bytes(pkcs1pad(message, 128))
             n, e = self._RSA_KEY
             encrypted_message = long_to_bytes(pow(bytes_to_long(padded_message), e, n))
             authorization = base64.b64encode(encrypted_message).decode()
@@ -218,7 +214,6 @@ Format: Marked,Start,End,Style,Name,MarginL,MarginR,MarginV,Effect,Text'''
                 links_data = self._download_json(
                     links_url, video_id, 'Downloading links JSON metadata', headers={
                         'X-Player-Token': authorization,
-                        'X-Target-Distribution': lang or 'fr',
                         **self._HEADERS,
                     }, query={
                         'freeWithAds': 'true',
@@ -237,7 +232,7 @@ Format: Marked,Start,End,Style,Name,MarginL,MarginR,MarginV,Effect,Text'''
 
                 error = self._parse_json(e.cause.response.read(), video_id)
                 message = error.get('message')
-                if e.cause.code == 403 and error.get('code') == 'player-bad-geolocation-country':
+                if e.cause.status == 403 and error.get('code') == 'player-bad-geolocation-country':
                     self.raise_geo_restricted(msg=message)
                 raise ExtractorError(message)
         else:
@@ -257,6 +252,7 @@ Format: Marked,Start,End,Style,Name,MarginL,MarginR,MarginV,Effect,Text'''
                 load_balancer_data = self._download_json(
                     load_balancer_url, video_id,
                     f'Downloading {format_id} {quality} JSON metadata',
+                    headers=self._HEADERS,
                     fatal=False) or {}
                 m3u8_url = load_balancer_data.get('location')
                 if not m3u8_url:
@@ -277,7 +273,7 @@ Format: Marked,Start,End,Style,Name,MarginL,MarginR,MarginV,Effect,Text'''
 
         video = (self._download_json(
             self._API_BASE_URL + f'video/{video_id}', video_id,
-            'Downloading additional video metadata', fatal=False) or {}).get('video') or {}
+            'Downloading additional video metadata', fatal=False, headers=self._HEADERS) or {}).get('video') or {}
         show = video.get('show') or {}
 
         return {
@@ -299,9 +295,9 @@ Format: Marked,Start,End,Style,Name,MarginL,MarginR,MarginV,Effect,Text'''
 
 
 class ADNSeasonIE(ADNBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?(?:animation|anime)digitalnetwork\.com/(?:(?P<lang>de)/)?video/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)/?(?:$|[#?])'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?animationdigitalnetwork\.com/(?:(?P<lang>de)/)?video/(?P<id>\d+)[^/?#]*/?(?:$|[#?])'
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://animationdigitalnetwork.com/video/tokyo-mew-mew-new',
+        'url': 'https://animationdigitalnetwork.com/video/911-tokyo-mew-mew-new',
         'playlist_count': 12,
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '911',
@@ -312,16 +308,14 @@ class ADNSeasonIE(ADNBaseIE):
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         lang, video_show_slug = self._match_valid_url(url).group('lang', 'id')
+        self._HEADERS['X-Target-Distribution'] = lang or 'fr'
         show = self._download_json(
             f'{self._API_BASE_URL}show/{video_show_slug}/', video_show_slug,
             'Downloading show JSON metadata', headers=self._HEADERS)['show']
         show_id = str(show['id'])
         episodes = self._download_json(
             f'{self._API_BASE_URL}video/show/{show_id}', video_show_slug,
-            'Downloading episode list', headers={
-                'X-Target-Distribution': lang or 'fr',
-                **self._HEADERS,
-            }, query={
+            'Downloading episode list', headers=self._HEADERS, query={
                 'order': 'asc',
                 'limit': '-1',
             })
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/adobepass.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/adobepass.py
index eb7e597e5..f1b877927 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/adobepass.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/adobepass.py
@@ -1355,13 +1355,14 @@ MSO_INFO = {
 class AdobePassIE(InfoExtractor):  # XXX: Conventionally, base classes should end with BaseIE/InfoExtractor
     _SERVICE_PROVIDER_TEMPLATE = 'https://sp.auth.adobe.com/adobe-services/%s'
     _USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686; rv:47.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/47.0'
+    _MODERN_USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; rv:131.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/131.0'
     _MVPD_CACHE = 'ap-mvpd'
 
     _DOWNLOADING_LOGIN_PAGE = 'Downloading Provider Login Page'
 
     def _download_webpage_handle(self, *args, **kwargs):
         headers = self.geo_verification_headers()
-        headers.update(kwargs.get('headers', {}))
+        headers.update(kwargs.get('headers') or {})
         kwargs['headers'] = headers
         return super()._download_webpage_handle(
             *args, **kwargs)
@@ -1454,7 +1455,11 @@ class AdobePassIE(InfoExtractor):  # XXX: Conventionally, base classes should en
                             'no_iframe': 'false',
                             'domain_name': 'adobe.com',
                             'redirect_url': url,
-                        })
+                        }, headers={
+                            # yt-dlp's default user-agent is usually too old for Comcast_SSO
+                            # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10848
+                            'User-Agent': self._MODERN_USER_AGENT,
+                        } if mso_id == 'Comcast_SSO' else None)
                 elif not self._cookies_passed:
                     raise_mvpd_required()
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/afreecatv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/afreecatv.py
index 815d20537..572d1a389 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/afreecatv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/afreecatv.py
@@ -33,21 +33,21 @@ class AfreecaTVBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
         }
 
         response = self._download_json(
-            'https://login.afreecatv.com/app/LoginAction.php', None,
+            'https://login.sooplive.co.kr/app/LoginAction.php', None,
             'Logging in', data=urlencode_postdata(login_form))
 
         _ERRORS = {
             -4: 'Your account has been suspended due to a violation of our terms and policies.',
-            -5: 'https://member.afreecatv.com/app/user_delete_progress.php',
-            -6: 'https://login.afreecatv.com/membership/changeMember.php',
-            -8: "Hello! AfreecaTV here.\nThe username you have entered belongs to \n an account that requires a legal guardian's consent. \nIf you wish to use our services without restriction, \nplease make sure to go through the necessary verification process.",
-            -9: 'https://member.afreecatv.com/app/pop_login_block.php',
-            -11: 'https://login.afreecatv.com/afreeca/second_login.php',
-            -12: 'https://member.afreecatv.com/app/user_security.php',
+            -5: 'https://member.sooplive.co.kr/app/user_delete_progress.php',
+            -6: 'https://login.sooplive.co.kr/membership/changeMember.php',
+            -8: "Hello! Soop here.\nThe username you have entered belongs to \n an account that requires a legal guardian's consent. \nIf you wish to use our services without restriction, \nplease make sure to go through the necessary verification process.",
+            -9: 'https://member.sooplive.co.kr/app/pop_login_block.php',
+            -11: 'https://login.sooplive.co.kr/afreeca/second_login.php',
+            -12: 'https://member.sooplive.co.kr/app/user_security.php',
             0: 'The username does not exist or you have entered the wrong password.',
             -1: 'The username does not exist or you have entered the wrong password.',
             -3: 'You have entered your username/password incorrectly.',
-            -7: 'You cannot use your Global AfreecaTV account to access Korean AfreecaTV.',
+            -7: 'You cannot use your Global Soop account to access Korean Soop.',
             -10: 'Sorry for the inconvenience. \nYour account has been blocked due to an unauthorized access. \nPlease contact our Help Center for assistance.',
             -32008: 'You have failed to log in. Please contact our Help Center.',
         }
@@ -61,76 +61,48 @@ class AfreecaTVBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
 
     def _call_api(self, endpoint, display_id, data=None, headers=None, query=None):
         return self._download_json(Request(
-            f'https://api.m.afreecatv.com/{endpoint}',
+            f'https://api.m.sooplive.co.kr/{endpoint}',
             data=data, headers=headers, query=query,
             extensions={'legacy_ssl': True}), display_id,
             'Downloading API JSON', 'Unable to download API JSON')
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def _fixup_thumb(thumb_url):
+        if not url_or_none(thumb_url):
+            return None
+        # Core would determine_ext as 'php' from the url, so we need to provide the real ext
+        # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11537
+        return [{'url': thumb_url, 'ext': 'jpg'}]
+
 
 class AfreecaTVIE(AfreecaTVBaseIE):
-    IE_NAME = 'afreecatv'
-    IE_DESC = 'afreecatv.com'
-    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
-                    https?://
-                        (?:
-                            (?:(?:live|afbbs|www)\.)?afreeca(?:tv)?\.com(?::\d+)?
-                            (?:
-                                /app/(?:index|read_ucc_bbs)\.cgi|
-                                /player/[Pp]layer\.(?:swf|html)
-                            )\?.*?\bnTitleNo=|
-                            vod\.afreecatv\.com/(PLAYER/STATION|player)/
-                        )
-                        (?P<id>\d+)/?(?:$|[?#&])
-                    '''
+    IE_NAME = 'soop'
+    IE_DESC = 'sooplive.co.kr'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://vod\.(?:sooplive\.co\.kr|afreecatv\.com)/(?:PLAYER/STATION|player)/(?P<id>\d+)/?(?:$|[?#&])'
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'http://live.afreecatv.com:8079/app/index.cgi?szType=read_ucc_bbs&szBjId=dailyapril&nStationNo=16711924&nBbsNo=18605867&nTitleNo=36164052&szSkin=',
-        'md5': 'f72c89fe7ecc14c1b5ce506c4996046e',
+        'url': 'https://vod.sooplive.co.kr/player/96753363',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '36164052',
+            'id': '20230108_9FF5BEE1_244432674_1',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': '데일리 에이프릴 요정들의 시상식!',
-            'thumbnail': 're:^https?://(?:video|st)img.afreecatv.com/.*$',
-            'uploader': 'dailyapril',
-            'uploader_id': 'dailyapril',
-            'upload_date': '20160503',
+            'uploader_id': 'rlantnghks',
+            'uploader': '페이즈으',
+            'duration': 10840,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://videoimg\.sooplive\.co/.kr/.+',
+            'upload_date': '20230108',
+            'timestamp': 1673218805,
+            'title': '젠지 페이즈',
         },
-        'skip': 'Video is gone',
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://afbbs.afreecatv.com:8080/app/read_ucc_bbs.cgi?nStationNo=16711924&nTitleNo=36153164&szBjId=dailyapril&nBbsNo=18605867',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '36153164',
-            'title': "BJ유트루와 함께하는 '팅커벨 메이크업!'",
-            'thumbnail': 're:^https?://(?:video|st)img.afreecatv.com/.*$',
-            'uploader': 'dailyapril',
-            'uploader_id': 'dailyapril',
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': True,
         },
-        'playlist_count': 2,
-        'playlist': [{
-            'md5': 'd8b7c174568da61d774ef0203159bf97',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': '36153164_1',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'title': "BJ유트루와 함께하는 '팅커벨 메이크업!'",
-                'upload_date': '20160502',
-            },
-        }, {
-            'md5': '58f2ce7f6044e34439ab2d50612ab02b',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': '36153164_2',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'title': "BJ유트루와 함께하는 '팅커벨 메이크업!'",
-                'upload_date': '20160502',
-            },
-        }],
-        'skip': 'Video is gone',
     }, {
         # non standard key
-        'url': 'http://vod.afreecatv.com/PLAYER/STATION/20515605',
+        'url': 'http://vod.sooplive.co.kr/PLAYER/STATION/20515605',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '20170411_BE689A0E_190960999_1_2_h',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': '혼자사는여자집',
-            'thumbnail': 're:^https?://(?:video|st)img.afreecatv.com/.*$',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://(?:video|st)img\.sooplive\.co\.kr/.+',
             'uploader': '♥이슬이',
             'uploader_id': 'dasl8121',
             'upload_date': '20170411',
@@ -142,12 +114,12 @@ class AfreecaTVIE(AfreecaTVBaseIE):
         },
     }, {
         # adult content
-        'url': 'https://vod.afreecatv.com/player/97267690',
+        'url': 'https://vod.sooplive.co.kr/player/97267690',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '20180327_27901457_202289533_1',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': '[생]빨개요♥ (part 1)',
-            'thumbnail': 're:^https?://(?:video|st)img.afreecatv.com/.*$',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://(?:video|st)img\.sooplive\.co\.kr/.+',
             'uploader': '[SA]서아',
             'uploader_id': 'bjdyrksu',
             'upload_date': '20180327',
@@ -157,36 +129,17 @@ class AfreecaTVIE(AfreecaTVBaseIE):
             'skip_download': True,
         },
         'skip': 'The VOD does not exist',
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.afreecatv.com/player/Player.swf?szType=szBjId=djleegoon&nStationNo=11273158&nBbsNo=13161095&nTitleNo=36327652',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://vod.afreecatv.com/player/96753363',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '20230108_9FF5BEE1_244432674_1',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'uploader_id': 'rlantnghks',
-            'uploader': '페이즈으',
-            'duration': 10840,
-            'thumbnail': r're:https?://videoimg\.afreecatv\.com/.+',
-            'upload_date': '20230108',
-            'timestamp': 1673218805,
-            'title': '젠지 페이즈',
-        },
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': True,
-        },
     }, {
         # adult content
-        'url': 'https://vod.afreecatv.com/player/70395877',
+        'url': 'https://vod.sooplive.co.kr/player/70395877',
         'only_matching': True,
     }, {
         # subscribers only
-        'url': 'https://vod.afreecatv.com/player/104647403',
+        'url': 'https://vod.sooplive.co.kr/player/104647403',
         'only_matching': True,
     }, {
         # private
-        'url': 'https://vod.afreecatv.com/player/81669846',
+        'url': 'https://vod.sooplive.co.kr/player/81669846',
         'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
@@ -209,8 +162,8 @@ class AfreecaTVIE(AfreecaTVBaseIE):
             'title': ('title', {str}),
             'uploader': ('writer_nick', {str}),
             'uploader_id': ('bj_id', {str}),
-            'duration': ('total_file_duration', {functools.partial(int_or_none, scale=1000)}),
-            'thumbnail': ('thumb', {url_or_none}),
+            'duration': ('total_file_duration', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
+            'thumbnails': ('thumb', {self._fixup_thumb}),
         })
 
         entries = []
@@ -233,7 +186,7 @@ class AfreecaTVIE(AfreecaTVBaseIE):
                 'title': f'{common_info.get("title") or "Untitled"} (part {file_num})',
                 'formats': formats,
                 **traverse_obj(file_element, {
-                    'duration': ('duration', {functools.partial(int_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                    'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                     'timestamp': ('file_start', {unified_timestamp}),
                 }),
             })
@@ -262,11 +215,11 @@ class AfreecaTVIE(AfreecaTVBaseIE):
 
 
 class AfreecaTVCatchStoryIE(AfreecaTVBaseIE):
-    IE_NAME = 'afreecatv:catchstory'
-    IE_DESC = 'afreecatv.com catch story'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://vod\.afreecatv\.com/player/(?P<id>\d+)/catchstory'
+    IE_NAME = 'soop:catchstory'
+    IE_DESC = 'sooplive.co.kr catch story'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://vod\.(?:sooplive\.co\.kr|afreecatv\.com)/player/(?P<id>\d+)/catchstory'
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://vod.afreecatv.com/player/103247/catchstory',
+        'url': 'https://vod.sooplive.co.kr/player/103247/catchstory',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '103247',
         },
@@ -281,29 +234,28 @@ class AfreecaTVCatchStoryIE(AfreecaTVBaseIE):
 
         return self.playlist_result(self._entries(data), video_id)
 
-    @staticmethod
-    def _entries(data):
+    def _entries(self, data):
         # 'files' is always a list with 1 element
         yield from traverse_obj(data, (
             'data', lambda _, v: v['story_type'] == 'catch',
             'catch_list', lambda _, v: v['files'][0]['file'], {
                 'id': ('files', 0, 'file_info_key', {str}),
                 'url': ('files', 0, 'file', {url_or_none}),
-                'duration': ('files', 0, 'duration', {functools.partial(int_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                'duration': ('files', 0, 'duration', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'title': ('title', {str}),
                 'uploader': ('writer_nick', {str}),
                 'uploader_id': ('writer_id', {str}),
-                'thumbnail': ('thumb', {url_or_none}),
+                'thumbnails': ('thumb', {self._fixup_thumb}),
                 'timestamp': ('write_timestamp', {int_or_none}),
             }))
 
 
 class AfreecaTVLiveIE(AfreecaTVBaseIE):
-    IE_NAME = 'afreecatv:live'
-    IE_DESC = 'afreecatv.com livestreams'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://play\.afreeca(?:tv)?\.com/(?P<id>[^/]+)(?:/(?P<bno>\d+))?'
+    IE_NAME = 'soop:live'
+    IE_DESC = 'sooplive.co.kr livestreams'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://play\.(?:sooplive\.co\.kr|afreecatv\.com)/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)(?:/(?P<bno>\d+))?'
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://play.afreecatv.com/pyh3646/237852185',
+        'url': 'https://play.sooplive.co.kr/pyh3646/237852185',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '237852185',
             'ext': 'mp4',
@@ -315,30 +267,30 @@ class AfreecaTVLiveIE(AfreecaTVBaseIE):
         },
         'skip': 'Livestream has ended',
     }, {
-        'url': 'https://play.afreecatv.com/pyh3646/237852185',
+        'url': 'https://play.sooplive.co.kr/pyh3646/237852185',
         'only_matching': True,
     }, {
-        'url': 'https://play.afreecatv.com/pyh3646',
+        'url': 'https://play.sooplive.co.kr/pyh3646',
         'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
-    _LIVE_API_URL = 'https://live.afreecatv.com/afreeca/player_live_api.php'
+    _LIVE_API_URL = 'https://live.sooplive.co.kr/afreeca/player_live_api.php'
     _WORKING_CDNS = [
-        'gcp_cdn',  # live-global-cdn-v02.afreecatv.com
-        'gs_cdn_pc_app',  # pc-app.stream.afreecatv.com
-        'gs_cdn_mobile_web',  # mobile-web.stream.afreecatv.com
-        'gs_cdn_pc_web',  # pc-web.stream.afreecatv.com
+        'gcp_cdn',  # live-global-cdn-v02.sooplive.co.kr
+        'gs_cdn_pc_app',  # pc-app.stream.sooplive.co.kr
+        'gs_cdn_mobile_web',  # mobile-web.stream.sooplive.co.kr
+        'gs_cdn_pc_web',  # pc-web.stream.sooplive.co.kr
     ]
     _BAD_CDNS = [
         'gs_cdn',  # chromecast.afreeca.gscdn.com (cannot resolve)
-        'gs_cdn_chromecast',  # chromecast.stream.afreecatv.com (HTTP Error 400)
-        'azure_cdn',  # live-global-cdn-v01.afreecatv.com (cannot resolve)
-        'aws_cf',  # live-global-cdn-v03.afreecatv.com (cannot resolve)
-        'kt_cdn',  # kt.stream.afreecatv.com (HTTP Error 400)
+        'gs_cdn_chromecast',  # chromecast.stream.sooplive.co.kr (HTTP Error 400)
+        'azure_cdn',  # live-global-cdn-v01.sooplive.co.kr (cannot resolve)
+        'aws_cf',  # live-global-cdn-v03.sooplive.co.kr (cannot resolve)
+        'kt_cdn',  # kt.stream.sooplive.co.kr (HTTP Error 400)
     ]
 
     def _extract_formats(self, channel_info, broadcast_no, aid):
-        stream_base_url = channel_info.get('RMD') or 'https://livestream-manager.afreecatv.com'
+        stream_base_url = channel_info.get('RMD') or 'https://livestream-manager.sooplive.co.kr'
 
         # If user has not passed CDN IDs, try API-provided CDN ID followed by other working CDN IDs
         default_cdn_ids = orderedSet([
@@ -358,7 +310,7 @@ class AfreecaTVLiveIE(AfreecaTVBaseIE):
             try:
                 return self._extract_m3u8_formats(
                     m3u8_url, broadcast_no, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', query={'aid': aid},
-                    headers={'Referer': 'https://play.afreecatv.com/'})
+                    headers={'Referer': 'https://play.sooplive.co.kr/'})
             except ExtractorError as e:
                 if attempt == len(cdn_ids):
                     raise
@@ -374,7 +326,13 @@ class AfreecaTVLiveIE(AfreecaTVBaseIE):
         broadcaster_id = channel_info.get('BJID') or broadcaster_id
         broadcast_no = channel_info.get('BNO') or broadcast_no
         if not broadcast_no:
-            raise UserNotLive(video_id=broadcaster_id)
+            result = channel_info.get('RESULT')
+            if result == 0:
+                raise UserNotLive(video_id=broadcaster_id)
+            elif result == -6:
+                self.raise_login_required(
+                    'This channel is streaming for subscribers only', method='password')
+            raise ExtractorError('Unable to extract broadcast number')
 
         password = self.get_param('videopassword')
         if channel_info.get('BPWD') == 'Y' and password is None:
@@ -403,7 +361,7 @@ class AfreecaTVLiveIE(AfreecaTVBaseIE):
         formats = self._extract_formats(channel_info, broadcast_no, aid)
 
         station_info = traverse_obj(self._download_json(
-            'https://st.afreecatv.com/api/get_station_status.php', broadcast_no,
+            'https://st.sooplive.co.kr/api/get_station_status.php', broadcast_no,
             'Downloading channel metadata', 'Unable to download channel metadata',
             query={'szBjId': broadcaster_id}, fatal=False), {dict}) or {}
 
@@ -419,11 +377,11 @@ class AfreecaTVLiveIE(AfreecaTVBaseIE):
         }
 
 
-class AfreecaTVUserIE(InfoExtractor):
-    IE_NAME = 'afreecatv:user'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://bj\.afreeca(?:tv)?\.com/(?P<id>[^/]+)/vods/?(?P<slug_type>[^/]+)?'
+class AfreecaTVUserIE(AfreecaTVBaseIE):
+    IE_NAME = 'soop:user'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://ch\.(?:sooplive\.co\.kr|afreecatv\.com)/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)/vods/?(?P<slug_type>[^/?#]+)?'
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://bj.afreecatv.com/ryuryu24/vods/review',
+        'url': 'https://ch.sooplive.co.kr/ryuryu24/vods/review',
         'info_dict': {
             '_type': 'playlist',
             'id': 'ryuryu24',
@@ -431,7 +389,7 @@ class AfreecaTVUserIE(InfoExtractor):
         },
         'playlist_count': 218,
     }, {
-        'url': 'https://bj.afreecatv.com/parang1995/vods/highlight',
+        'url': 'https://ch.sooplive.co.kr/parang1995/vods/highlight',
         'info_dict': {
             '_type': 'playlist',
             'id': 'parang1995',
@@ -439,7 +397,7 @@ class AfreecaTVUserIE(InfoExtractor):
         },
         'playlist_count': 997,
     }, {
-        'url': 'https://bj.afreecatv.com/ryuryu24/vods',
+        'url': 'https://ch.sooplive.co.kr/ryuryu24/vods',
         'info_dict': {
             '_type': 'playlist',
             'id': 'ryuryu24',
@@ -447,7 +405,7 @@ class AfreecaTVUserIE(InfoExtractor):
         },
         'playlist_count': 221,
     }, {
-        'url': 'https://bj.afreecatv.com/ryuryu24/vods/balloonclip',
+        'url': 'https://ch.sooplive.co.kr/ryuryu24/vods/balloonclip',
         'info_dict': {
             '_type': 'playlist',
             'id': 'ryuryu24',
@@ -459,12 +417,12 @@ class AfreecaTVUserIE(InfoExtractor):
 
     def _fetch_page(self, user_id, user_type, page):
         page += 1
-        info = self._download_json(f'https://bjapi.afreecatv.com/api/{user_id}/vods/{user_type}', user_id,
+        info = self._download_json(f'https://chapi.sooplive.co.kr/api/{user_id}/vods/{user_type}', user_id,
                                    query={'page': page, 'per_page': self._PER_PAGE, 'orderby': 'reg_date'},
                                    note=f'Downloading {user_type} video page {page}')
         for item in info['data']:
             yield self.url_result(
-                f'https://vod.afreecatv.com/player/{item["title_no"]}/', AfreecaTVIE, item['title_no'])
+                f'https://vod.sooplive.co.kr/player/{item["title_no"]}/', AfreecaTVIE, item['title_no'])
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         user_id, user_type = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'slug_type')
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/allstar.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/allstar.py
index 5ea1c30e3..697d83c1e 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/allstar.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/allstar.py
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ class AllstarBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
             'thumbnails': (('clipImageThumb', 'clipImageSource'), {'url': {media_url_or_none}}),
             'duration': ('clipLength', {int_or_none}),
             'filesize': ('clipSizeBytes', {int_or_none}),
-            'timestamp': ('createdDate', {functools.partial(int_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+            'timestamp': ('createdDate', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
             'uploader': ('username', {str}),
             'uploader_id': ('user', '_id', {str}),
             'view_count': ('views', {int_or_none}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/anvato.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/anvato.py
index bf3d60b5e..bd3b19b13 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/anvato.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/anvato.py
@@ -8,10 +8,8 @@ import time
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..aes import aes_encrypt
 from ..utils import (
-    bytes_to_intlist,
     determine_ext,
     int_or_none,
-    intlist_to_bytes,
     join_nonempty,
     smuggle_url,
     strip_jsonp,
@@ -33,24 +31,6 @@ class AnvatoIE(InfoExtractor):
     _AUTH_KEY = b'\x31\xc2\x42\x84\x9e\x73\xa0\xce'  # from anvplayer.min.js
 
     _TESTS = [{
-        # from https://www.nfl.com/videos/baker-mayfield-s-game-changing-plays-from-3-td-game-week-14
-        'url': 'anvato:GXvEgwyJeWem8KCYXfeoHWknwP48Mboj:899441',
-        'md5': '921919dab3cd0b849ff3d624831ae3e2',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '899441',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Baker Mayfield\'s game-changing plays from 3-TD game Week 14',
-            'description': 'md5:85e05a3cc163f8c344340f220521136d',
-            'upload_date': '20201215',
-            'timestamp': 1608009755,
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg',
-            'uploader': 'NFL',
-            'tags': ['Baltimore Ravens at Cleveland Browns (2020-REG-14)', 'Baker Mayfield', 'Game Highlights',
-                     'Player Highlights', 'Cleveland Browns', 'league'],
-            'duration': 157,
-            'categories': ['Entertainment', 'Game', 'Highlights'],
-        },
-    }, {
         # from https://ktla.com/news/99-year-old-woman-learns-to-fly-in-torrance-checks-off-bucket-list-dream/
         'url': 'anvato:X8POa4zpGZMmeiq0wqiO8IP5rMqQM9VN:8032455',
         'md5': '837718bcfb3a7778d022f857f7a9b19e',
@@ -241,31 +221,6 @@ class AnvatoIE(InfoExtractor):
         'telemundo': 'anvato_mcp_telemundo_web_prod_c5278d51ad46fda4b6ca3d0ea44a7846a054f582',
     }
 
-    def _generate_nfl_token(self, anvack, mcp_id):
-        reroute = self._download_json(
-            'https://api.nfl.com/v1/reroute', mcp_id, data=b'grant_type=client_credentials',
-            headers={'X-Domain-Id': 100}, note='Fetching token info')
-        token_type = reroute.get('token_type') or 'Bearer'
-        auth_token = f'{token_type} {reroute["access_token"]}'
-        response = self._download_json(
-            'https://api.nfl.com/v3/shield/', mcp_id, data=json.dumps({
-                'query': '''{
-  viewer {
-    mediaToken(anvack: "%s", id: %s) {
-      token
-    }
-  }
-}''' % (anvack, mcp_id),  # noqa: UP031
-            }).encode(), headers={
-                'Authorization': auth_token,
-                'Content-Type': 'application/json',
-            }, note='Fetching NFL API token')
-        return traverse_obj(response, ('data', 'viewer', 'mediaToken', 'token'))
-
-    _TOKEN_GENERATORS = {
-        'GXvEgwyJeWem8KCYXfeoHWknwP48Mboj': _generate_nfl_token,
-    }
-
     def _server_time(self, access_key, video_id):
         return int_or_none(traverse_obj(self._download_json(
             f'{self._API_BASE_URL}/server_time', video_id, query={'anvack': access_key},
@@ -277,8 +232,8 @@ class AnvatoIE(InfoExtractor):
         server_time = self._server_time(access_key, video_id)
         input_data = f'{server_time}~{md5_text(video_data_url)}~{md5_text(server_time)}'
 
-        auth_secret = intlist_to_bytes(aes_encrypt(
-            bytes_to_intlist(input_data[:64]), bytes_to_intlist(self._AUTH_KEY)))
+        auth_secret = bytes(aes_encrypt(
+            list(input_data[:64].encode()), list(self._AUTH_KEY)))
         query = {
             'X-Anvato-Adst-Auth': base64.b64encode(auth_secret).decode('ascii'),
             'rtyp': 'fp',
@@ -290,8 +245,6 @@ class AnvatoIE(InfoExtractor):
         }
         if extracted_token is not None:
             api['anvstk2'] = extracted_token
-        elif self._TOKEN_GENERATORS.get(access_key) is not None:
-            api['anvstk2'] = self._TOKEN_GENERATORS[access_key](self, access_key, video_id)
         elif self._ANVACK_TABLE.get(access_key) is not None:
             api['anvstk'] = md5_text(f'{access_key}|{anvrid}|{server_time}|{self._ANVACK_TABLE[access_key]}')
         else:
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/applepodcasts.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/applepodcasts.py
index bd301e904..b99d24e0e 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/applepodcasts.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/applepodcasts.py
@@ -1,27 +1,42 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
-    clean_html,
     clean_podcast_url,
-    get_element_by_class,
     int_or_none,
     parse_iso8601,
-    try_get,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
 
 
 class ApplePodcastsIE(InfoExtractor):
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://podcasts\.apple\.com/(?:[^/]+/)?podcast(?:/[^/]+){1,2}.*?\bi=(?P<id>\d+)'
     _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/ferreck-dawn-to-the-break-of-dawn-117/id1625658232?i=1000665010654',
+        'md5': '82cc219b8cc1dcf8bfc5a5e99b23b172',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1000665010654',
+            'ext': 'mp3',
+            'title': 'Ferreck Dawn - To The Break of Dawn 117',
+            'episode': 'Ferreck Dawn - To The Break of Dawn 117',
+            'description': 'md5:1fc571102f79dbd0a77bfd71ffda23bc',
+            'upload_date': '20240812',
+            'timestamp': 1723449600,
+            'duration': 3596,
+            'series': 'Ferreck Dawn - To The Break of Dawn',
+            'thumbnail': 're:.+[.](png|jpe?g|webp)',
+        },
+    }, {
         'url': 'https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/207-whitney-webb-returns/id1135137367?i=1000482637777',
-        'md5': '41dc31cd650143e530d9423b6b5a344f',
+        'md5': 'baf8a6b8b8aa6062dbb4639ed73d0052',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '1000482637777',
             'ext': 'mp3',
             'title': '207 - Whitney Webb Returns',
+            'episode': '207 - Whitney Webb Returns',
+            'episode_number': 207,
             'description': 'md5:75ef4316031df7b41ced4e7b987f79c6',
             'upload_date': '20200705',
             'timestamp': 1593932400,
-            'duration': 6454,
+            'duration': 5369,
             'series': 'The Tim Dillon Show',
             'thumbnail': 're:.+[.](png|jpe?g|webp)',
         },
@@ -39,47 +54,24 @@ class ApplePodcastsIE(InfoExtractor):
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         episode_id = self._match_id(url)
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, episode_id)
-        episode_data = {}
-        ember_data = {}
-        # new page type 2021-11
-        amp_data = self._parse_json(self._search_regex(
-            r'(?s)id="shoebox-media-api-cache-amp-podcasts"[^>]*>\s*({.+?})\s*<',
-            webpage, 'AMP data', default='{}'), episode_id, fatal=False) or {}
-        amp_data = try_get(amp_data,
-                           lambda a: self._parse_json(
-                               next(a[x] for x in iter(a) if episode_id in x),
-                               episode_id),
-                           dict) or {}
-        amp_data = amp_data.get('d') or []
-        episode_data = try_get(
-            amp_data,
-            lambda a: next(x for x in a
-                           if x['type'] == 'podcast-episodes' and x['id'] == episode_id),
-            dict)
-        if not episode_data:
-            # try pre 2021-11 page type: TODO: consider deleting if no longer used
-            ember_data = self._parse_json(self._search_regex(
-                r'(?s)id="shoebox-ember-data-store"[^>]*>\s*({.+?})\s*<',
-                webpage, 'ember data'), episode_id) or {}
-            ember_data = ember_data.get(episode_id) or ember_data
-            episode_data = try_get(ember_data, lambda x: x['data'], dict)
-        episode = episode_data['attributes']
-        description = episode.get('description') or {}
-
-        series = None
-        for inc in (amp_data or ember_data.get('included') or []):
-            if inc.get('type') == 'media/podcast':
-                series = try_get(inc, lambda x: x['attributes']['name'])
-        series = series or clean_html(get_element_by_class('podcast-header__identity', webpage))
+        server_data = self._search_json(
+            r'<script [^>]*\bid=["\']serialized-server-data["\'][^>]*>', webpage,
+            'server data', episode_id, contains_pattern=r'\[{(?s:.+)}\]')[0]['data']
+        model_data = traverse_obj(server_data, (
+            'headerButtonItems', lambda _, v: v['$kind'] == 'bookmark' and v['modelType'] == 'EpisodeOffer',
+            'model', {dict}, any))
 
         return {
             'id': episode_id,
-            'title': episode.get('name'),
-            'url': clean_podcast_url(episode['assetUrl']),
-            'description': description.get('standard') or description.get('short'),
-            'timestamp': parse_iso8601(episode.get('releaseDateTime')),
-            'duration': int_or_none(episode.get('durationInMilliseconds'), 1000),
-            'series': series,
+            **self._json_ld(
+                traverse_obj(server_data, ('seoData', 'schemaContent', {dict}))
+                or self._yield_json_ld(webpage, episode_id, fatal=False), episode_id, fatal=False),
+            **traverse_obj(model_data, {
+                'title': ('title', {str}),
+                'url': ('streamUrl', {clean_podcast_url}),
+                'timestamp': ('releaseDate', {parse_iso8601}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none}),
+            }),
             'thumbnail': self._og_search_thumbnail(webpage),
             'vcodec': 'none',
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/archiveorg.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/archiveorg.py
index f5a55efc4..2849d9fd5 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/archiveorg.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/archiveorg.py
@@ -205,6 +205,26 @@ class ArchiveOrgIE(InfoExtractor):
                 },
             },
         ],
+    }, {
+        # The reviewbody is None for one of the reviews; just need to extract data without crashing
+        'url': 'https://archive.org/details/gd95-04-02.sbd.11622.sbeok.shnf/gd95-04-02d1t04.shn',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'gd95-04-02.sbd.11622.sbeok.shnf/gd95-04-02d1t04.shn',
+            'ext': 'mp3',
+            'title': 'Stuck Inside of Mobile with the Memphis Blues Again',
+            'creators': ['Grateful Dead'],
+            'duration': 338.31,
+            'track': 'Stuck Inside of Mobile with the Memphis Blues Again',
+            'description': 'md5:764348a470b986f1217ffd38d6ac7b72',
+            'display_id': 'gd95-04-02d1t04.shn',
+            'location': 'Pyramid Arena',
+            'uploader': 'jon@archive.org',
+            'album': '1995-04-02 - Pyramid Arena',
+            'upload_date': '20040519',
+            'track_number': 4,
+            'release_date': '19950402',
+            'timestamp': 1084927901,
+        },
     }]
 
     @staticmethod
@@ -335,7 +355,7 @@ class ArchiveOrgIE(InfoExtractor):
                 info['comments'].append({
                     'id': review.get('review_id'),
                     'author': review.get('reviewer'),
-                    'text': str_or_none(review.get('reviewtitle'), '') + '\n\n' + review.get('reviewbody'),
+                    'text': join_nonempty('reviewtitle', 'reviewbody', from_dict=review, delim='\n\n'),
                     'timestamp': unified_timestamp(review.get('createdate')),
                     'parent': 'root'})
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/ard.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/ard.py
index 6fd641347..89d329921 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/ard.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/ard.py
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ class ARDIE(InfoExtractor):
 
 class ARDBetaMediathekIE(InfoExtractor):
     IE_NAME = 'ARDMediathek'
-    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)https://
+    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)https?://
         (?:(?:beta|www)\.)?ardmediathek\.de/
         (?:[^/]+/)?
         (?:player|live|video)/
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ class ARDBetaMediathekIE(InfoExtractor):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '94834686',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'duration': 2700,
+            'duration': 2670,
             'episode': '7 Tage ... unter harten Jungs',
             'description': 'md5:0f215470dcd2b02f59f4bd10c963f072',
             'upload_date': '20231005',
@@ -307,10 +307,28 @@ class ARDBetaMediathekIE(InfoExtractor):
             'display_id': 'N2I2YmM5MzgtNWFlOS00ZGFlLTg2NzMtYzNjM2JlNjk4MDg3',
             'series': '7 Tage ...',
             'channel': 'HR',
-            'thumbnail': 'https://api.ardmediathek.de/image-service/images/urn:ard:image:f6e6d5ffac41925c?w=960&ch=fa32ba69bc87989a',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://api.ardmediathek.de/image-service/images/urn:ard:image:430c86d233afa42d?w=960&ch=fa32ba69bc87989a',
             'title': '7 Tage ... unter harten Jungs',
             '_old_archive_ids': ['ardbetamediathek N2I2YmM5MzgtNWFlOS00ZGFlLTg2NzMtYzNjM2JlNjk4MDg3'],
         },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.ardmediathek.de/video/lokalzeit-aus-duesseldorf/lokalzeit-aus-duesseldorf-oder-31-10-2024/wdr-duesseldorf/Y3JpZDovL3dkci5kZS9CZWl0cmFnLXNvcGhvcmEtOWFkMTc0ZWMtMDA5ZS00ZDEwLWFjYjctMGNmNTdhNzVmNzUz',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '13847165',
+            'chapters': 'count:8',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'channel': 'WDR',
+            'display_id': 'Y3JpZDovL3dkci5kZS9CZWl0cmFnLXNvcGhvcmEtOWFkMTc0ZWMtMDA5ZS00ZDEwLWFjYjctMGNmNTdhNzVmNzUz',
+            'episode': 'Lokalzeit aus Düsseldorf | 31.10.2024',
+            'series': 'Lokalzeit aus Düsseldorf',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://api.ardmediathek.de/image-service/images/urn:ard:image:f02ec9bd9b7bd5f6?w=960&ch=612491dcd5e09b0c',
+            'title': 'Lokalzeit aus Düsseldorf | 31.10.2024',
+            'upload_date': '20241031',
+            'timestamp': 1730399400,
+            'description': 'md5:12db30b3b706314efe3778b8df1a7058',
+            'duration': 1759,
+            '_old_archive_ids': ['ardbetamediathek Y3JpZDovL3dkci5kZS9CZWl0cmFnLXNvcGhvcmEtOWFkMTc0ZWMtMDA5ZS00ZDEwLWFjYjctMGNmNTdhNzVmNzUz'],
+        },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://beta.ardmediathek.de/ard/video/Y3JpZDovL2Rhc2Vyc3RlLmRlL3RhdG9ydC9mYmM4NGM1NC0xNzU4LTRmZGYtYWFhZS0wYzcyZTIxNGEyMDE',
         'only_matching': True,
@@ -455,6 +473,12 @@ class ARDBetaMediathekIE(InfoExtractor):
             'subtitles': subtitles,
             'is_live': is_live,
             'age_limit': age_limit,
+            **traverse_obj(media_data, {
+                'chapters': ('pluginData', 'jumpmarks@all', 'chapterArray', lambda _, v: int_or_none(v['chapterTime']), {
+                    'start_time': ('chapterTime', {int_or_none}),
+                    'title': ('chapterTitle', {str}),
+                }),
+            }),
             **traverse_obj(media_data, ('meta', {
                 'title': 'title',
                 'description': 'synopsis',
@@ -470,7 +494,7 @@ class ARDBetaMediathekIE(InfoExtractor):
 
 
 class ARDMediathekCollectionIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)https://
+    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)https?://
         (?:(?:beta|www)\.)?ardmediathek\.de/
         (?:[^/?#]+/)?
         (?P<playlist>sendung|serie|sammlung)/
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/asobistage.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/asobistage.py
index 8fa8f3edb..0437908bf 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/asobistage.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/asobistage.py
@@ -101,9 +101,10 @@ class AsobiStageIE(InfoExtractor):
         self._HEADERS['Authorization'] = f'Bearer {token}'
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        video_id, event, type_, slug = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'event', 'type', 'slug')
+        webpage, urlh = self._download_webpage_handle(url, self._match_id(url))
+        video_id, event, type_, slug = self._match_valid_url(urlh.url).group('id', 'event', 'type', 'slug')
         video_type = {'archive': 'archives', 'player': 'broadcasts'}[type_]
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+
         event_data = traverse_obj(
             self._search_nextjs_data(webpage, video_id, default={}),
             ('props', 'pageProps', 'eventCMSData', {
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/bandcamp.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/bandcamp.py
index 61cbab5a7..939c2800e 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/bandcamp.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/bandcamp.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import json
 import random
 import re
 import time
@@ -6,6 +7,7 @@ from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
     KNOWN_EXTENSIONS,
     ExtractorError,
+    extract_attributes,
     float_or_none,
     int_or_none,
     parse_filesize,
@@ -17,6 +19,7 @@ from ..utils import (
     url_or_none,
     urljoin,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import find_element, traverse_obj
 
 
 class BandcampIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -40,6 +43,8 @@ class BandcampIE(InfoExtractor):
             'uploader_url': 'https://youtube-dl.bandcamp.com',
             'uploader_id': 'youtube-dl',
             'thumbnail': 'https://f4.bcbits.com/img/a3216802731_5.jpg',
+            'artists': ['youtube-dl "\'/\\ä↭'],
+            'album_artists': ['youtube-dl "\'/\\ä↭'],
         },
         'skip': 'There is a limit of 200 free downloads / month for the test song',
     }, {
@@ -266,6 +271,18 @@ class BandcampAlbumIE(BandcampIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
                     'timestamp': 1311756226,
                     'upload_date': '20110727',
                     'uploader': 'Blazo',
+                    'thumbnail': 'https://f4.bcbits.com/img/a1721150828_5.jpg',
+                    'album_artists': ['Blazo'],
+                    'uploader_url': 'https://blazo.bandcamp.com',
+                    'release_date': '20110727',
+                    'release_timestamp': 1311724800.0,
+                    'track': 'Intro',
+                    'uploader_id': 'blazo',
+                    'track_number': 1,
+                    'album': 'Jazz Format Mixtape vol.1',
+                    'artists': ['Blazo'],
+                    'duration': 19.335,
+                    'track_id': '1353101989',
                 },
             },
             {
@@ -277,6 +294,18 @@ class BandcampAlbumIE(BandcampIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
                     'timestamp': 1311757238,
                     'upload_date': '20110727',
                     'uploader': 'Blazo',
+                    'track': 'Kero One - Keep It Alive (Blazo remix)',
+                    'release_date': '20110727',
+                    'track_id': '38097443',
+                    'track_number': 2,
+                    'duration': 181.467,
+                    'uploader_url': 'https://blazo.bandcamp.com',
+                    'album': 'Jazz Format Mixtape vol.1',
+                    'uploader_id': 'blazo',
+                    'album_artists': ['Blazo'],
+                    'artists': ['Blazo'],
+                    'thumbnail': 'https://f4.bcbits.com/img/a1721150828_5.jpg',
+                    'release_timestamp': 1311724800.0,
                 },
             },
         ],
@@ -284,6 +313,7 @@ class BandcampAlbumIE(BandcampIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
             'title': 'Jazz Format Mixtape vol.1',
             'id': 'jazz-format-mixtape-vol-1',
             'uploader_id': 'blazo',
+            'description': 'md5:38052a93217f3ffdc033cd5dbbce2989',
         },
         'params': {
             'playlistend': 2,
@@ -358,10 +388,10 @@ class BandcampWeeklyIE(BandcampIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?bandcamp\.com/?\?(?:.*?&)?show=(?P<id>\d+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://bandcamp.com/?show=224',
-        'md5': 'b00df799c733cf7e0c567ed187dea0fd',
+        'md5': '61acc9a002bed93986b91168aa3ab433',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '224',
-            'ext': 'opus',
+            'ext': 'mp3',
             'title': 'BC Weekly April 4th 2017 - Magic Moments',
             'description': 'md5:5d48150916e8e02d030623a48512c874',
             'duration': 5829.77,
@@ -371,7 +401,7 @@ class BandcampWeeklyIE(BandcampIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
             'episode_id': '224',
         },
         'params': {
-            'format': 'opus-lo',
+            'format': 'mp3-128',
         },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://bandcamp.com/?blah/blah@&show=228',
@@ -459,7 +489,7 @@ class BandcampUserIE(InfoExtractor):
         },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://coldworldofficial.bandcamp.com/music',
-        'playlist_mincount': 10,
+        'playlist_mincount': 7,
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'coldworldofficial',
             'title': 'Discography of coldworldofficial',
@@ -473,12 +503,19 @@ class BandcampUserIE(InfoExtractor):
         },
     }]
 
+    def _yield_items(self, webpage):
+        yield from (
+            re.findall(r'<li data-item-id=["\'][^>]+>\s*<a href=["\'](?![^"\'/]*?/merch)([^"\']+)', webpage)
+            or re.findall(r'<div[^>]+trackTitle["\'][^"\']+["\']([^"\']+)', webpage))
+
+        yield from traverse_obj(webpage, (
+            {find_element(id='music-grid', html=True)}, {extract_attributes},
+            'data-client-items', {json.loads}, ..., 'page_url', {str}))
+
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         uploader = self._match_id(url)
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, uploader)
 
-        discography_data = (re.findall(r'<li data-item-id=["\'][^>]+>\s*<a href=["\'](?![^"\'/]*?/merch)([^"\']+)', webpage)
-                            or re.findall(r'<div[^>]+trackTitle["\'][^"\']+["\']([^"\']+)', webpage))
-
         return self.playlist_from_matches(
-            discography_data, uploader, f'Discography of {uploader}', getter=lambda x: urljoin(url, x))
+            self._yield_items(webpage), uploader, f'Discography of {uploader}',
+            getter=urljoin(url))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/bandlab.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/bandlab.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..64aa2ba70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/bandlab.py
@@ -0,0 +1,437 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
+    float_or_none,
+    format_field,
+    int_or_none,
+    parse_iso8601,
+    parse_qs,
+    truncate_string,
+    url_or_none,
+)
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj, value
+
+
+class BandlabBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
+    def _call_api(self, endpoint, asset_id, **kwargs):
+        headers = kwargs.pop('headers', None) or {}
+        return self._download_json(
+            f'https://www.bandlab.com/api/v1.3/{endpoint}/{asset_id}',
+            asset_id, headers={
+                'accept': 'application/json',
+                'referer': 'https://www.bandlab.com/',
+                'x-client-id': 'BandLab-Web',
+                'x-client-version': '10.1.124',
+                **headers,
+            }, **kwargs)
+
+    def _parse_revision(self, revision_data, url=None):
+        return {
+            'vcodec': 'none',
+            'media_type': 'revision',
+            'extractor_key': BandlabIE.ie_key(),
+            'extractor': BandlabIE.IE_NAME,
+            **traverse_obj(revision_data, {
+                'webpage_url': (
+                    'id', ({value(url)}, {format_field(template='https://www.bandlab.com/revision/%s')}), filter, any),
+                'id': (('revisionId', 'id'), {str}, any),
+                'title': ('song', 'name', {str}),
+                'track': ('song', 'name', {str}),
+                'url': ('mixdown', 'file', {url_or_none}),
+                'thumbnail': ('song', 'picture', 'url', {url_or_none}),
+                'description': ('description', {str}),
+                'uploader': ('creator', 'name', {str}),
+                'uploader_id': ('creator', 'username', {str}),
+                'timestamp': ('createdOn', {parse_iso8601}),
+                'duration': ('mixdown', 'duration', {float_or_none}),
+                'view_count': ('counters', 'plays', {int_or_none}),
+                'like_count': ('counters', 'likes', {int_or_none}),
+                'comment_count': ('counters', 'comments', {int_or_none}),
+                'genres': ('genres', ..., 'name', {str}),
+            }),
+        }
+
+    def _parse_track(self, track_data, url=None):
+        return {
+            'vcodec': 'none',
+            'media_type': 'track',
+            'extractor_key': BandlabIE.ie_key(),
+            'extractor': BandlabIE.IE_NAME,
+            **traverse_obj(track_data, {
+                'webpage_url': (
+                    'id', ({value(url)}, {format_field(template='https://www.bandlab.com/post/%s')}), filter, any),
+                'id': (('revisionId', 'id'), {str}, any),
+                'url': ('track', 'sample', 'audioUrl', {url_or_none}),
+                'title': ('track', 'name', {str}),
+                'track': ('track', 'name', {str}),
+                'description': ('caption', {str}),
+                'thumbnail': ('track', 'picture', ('original', 'url'), {url_or_none}, any),
+                'view_count': ('counters', 'plays', {int_or_none}),
+                'like_count': ('counters', 'likes', {int_or_none}),
+                'comment_count': ('counters', 'comments', {int_or_none}),
+                'duration': ('track', 'sample', 'duration', {float_or_none}),
+                'uploader': ('creator', 'name', {str}),
+                'uploader_id': ('creator', 'username', {str}),
+                'timestamp': ('createdOn', {parse_iso8601}),
+            }),
+        }
+
+    def _parse_video(self, video_data, url=None):
+        return {
+            'media_type': 'video',
+            'extractor_key': BandlabIE.ie_key(),
+            'extractor': BandlabIE.IE_NAME,
+            **traverse_obj(video_data, {
+                'id': ('id', {str}),
+                'webpage_url': (
+                    'id', ({value(url)}, {format_field(template='https://www.bandlab.com/post/%s')}), filter, any),
+                'url': ('video', 'url', {url_or_none}),
+                'title': ('caption', {lambda x: x.replace('\n', ' ')}, {truncate_string(left=50)}),
+                'description': ('caption', {str}),
+                'thumbnail': ('video', 'picture', 'url', {url_or_none}),
+                'view_count': ('video', 'counters', 'plays', {int_or_none}),
+                'like_count': ('video', 'counters', 'likes', {int_or_none}),
+                'comment_count': ('counters', 'comments', {int_or_none}),
+                'duration': ('video', 'duration', {float_or_none}),
+                'uploader': ('creator', 'name', {str}),
+                'uploader_id': ('creator', 'username', {str}),
+            }),
+        }
+
+
+class BandlabIE(BandlabBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = [
+        r'https?://(?:www\.)?bandlab.com/(?P<url_type>track|post|revision)/(?P<id>[\da-f_-]+)',
+        r'https?://(?:www\.)?bandlab.com/(?P<url_type>embed)/\?(?:[^#]*&)?id=(?P<id>[\da-f-]+)',
+    ]
+    _EMBED_REGEX = [rf'<iframe[^>]+src=[\'"](?P<url>{_VALID_URL[1]})[\'"]']
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.bandlab.com/track/04b37e88dba24967b9dac8eb8567ff39_07d7f906fc96ee11b75e000d3a428fff',
+        'md5': '46f7b43367dd268bbcf0bbe466753b2c',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '02d7f906-fc96-ee11-b75e-000d3a428fff',
+            'ext': 'm4a',
+            'uploader_id': 'ender_milze',
+            'track': 'sweet black',
+            'description': 'composed by juanjn3737',
+            'timestamp': 1702171963,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'duration': 54.629999999999995,
+            'title': 'sweet black',
+            'upload_date': '20231210',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://bandlabimages.azureedge.net/v1.0/songs/fa082beb-b856-4730-9170-a57e4e32cc2c/',
+            'genres': ['Lofi'],
+            'uploader': 'ender milze',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'media_type': 'revision',
+        },
+    }, {
+        # Same track as above but post URL
+        'url': 'https://www.bandlab.com/post/07d7f906-fc96-ee11-b75e-000d3a428fff',
+        'md5': '46f7b43367dd268bbcf0bbe466753b2c',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '02d7f906-fc96-ee11-b75e-000d3a428fff',
+            'ext': 'm4a',
+            'uploader_id': 'ender_milze',
+            'track': 'sweet black',
+            'description': 'composed by juanjn3737',
+            'timestamp': 1702171973,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'duration': 54.629999999999995,
+            'title': 'sweet black',
+            'upload_date': '20231210',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://bandlabimages.azureedge.net/v1.0/songs/fa082beb-b856-4730-9170-a57e4e32cc2c/',
+            'genres': ['Lofi'],
+            'uploader': 'ender milze',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'media_type': 'revision',
+        },
+    }, {
+        # SharedKey Example
+        'url': 'https://www.bandlab.com/track/048916c2-c6da-ee11-85f9-6045bd2e11f9?sharedKey=0NNWX8qYAEmI38lWAzCNDA',
+        'md5': '15174b57c44440e2a2008be9cae00250',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '038916c2-c6da-ee11-85f9-6045bd2e11f9',
+            'ext': 'm4a',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'genres': ['Other'],
+            'uploader_id': 'user8353034818103753',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://bandlabimages.azureedge.net/v1.0/songs/51b18363-da23-4b9b-a29c-2933a3e561ca/',
+            'timestamp': 1709625771,
+            'track': 'PodcastMaerchen4b',
+            'duration': 468.14,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'description': 'Podcast: Neues aus der Märchenwelt',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'upload_date': '20240305',
+            'uploader': 'Erna Wageneder',
+            'title': 'PodcastMaerchen4b',
+            'media_type': 'revision',
+        },
+    }, {
+        # Different Revision selected
+        'url': 'https://www.bandlab.com/track/130343fc-148b-ea11-96d2-0003ffd1fc09?revId=110343fc-148b-ea11-96d2-0003ffd1fc09',
+        'md5': '74e055ef9325d63f37088772fbfe4454',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '110343fc-148b-ea11-96d2-0003ffd1fc09',
+            'ext': 'm4a',
+            'timestamp': 1588273294,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://bandlabimages.azureedge.net/v1.0/users/b612e533-e4f7-4542-9f50-3fcfd8dd822c/',
+            'description': 'Final Revision.',
+            'title': 'Replay ( Instrumental)',
+            'uploader': 'David R Sparks',
+            'uploader_id': 'davesnothome69',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'track': 'Replay ( Instrumental)',
+            'genres': ['Rock'],
+            'upload_date': '20200430',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'duration': 279.43,
+            'media_type': 'revision',
+        },
+    }, {
+        # Video
+        'url': 'https://www.bandlab.com/post/5cdf9036-3857-ef11-991a-6045bd36e0d9',
+        'md5': '8caa2ef28e86c1dacf167293cfdbeba9',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '5cdf9036-3857-ef11-991a-6045bd36e0d9',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'duration': 44.705,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://bandlabimages.azureedge.net/v1.0/videos/67c6cef1-cef6-40d3-831e-a55bc1dcb972/',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'title': 'backing vocals',
+            'uploader_id': 'marliashya',
+            'uploader': 'auraa',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'description': 'backing vocals',
+            'media_type': 'video',
+        },
+    }, {
+        # Embed Example
+        'url': 'https://www.bandlab.com/embed/?blur=false&id=014de0a4-7d82-ea11-a94c-0003ffd19c0f',
+        'md5': 'a4ad05cb68c54faaed9b0a8453a8cf4a',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '014de0a4-7d82-ea11-a94c-0003ffd19c0f',
+            'ext': 'm4a',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'genres': ['Electronic'],
+            'uploader': 'Charlie Henson',
+            'timestamp': 1587328674,
+            'upload_date': '20200419',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'track': 'Positronic Meltdown',
+            'duration': 318.55,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://bandlabimages.azureedge.net/v1.0/songs/87165bc3-5439-496e-b1f7-a9f13b541ff2/',
+            'description': 'Checkout my tracks at AOMX http://aomxsounds.com/',
+            'uploader_id': 'microfreaks',
+            'title': 'Positronic Meltdown',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'media_type': 'revision',
+        },
+    }, {
+        # Track without revisions available
+        'url': 'https://www.bandlab.com/track/55767ac51789ea11a94c0003ffd1fc09_2f007b0a37b94ec7a69bc25ae15108a5',
+        'md5': 'f05d68a3769952c2d9257c473e14c15f',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '55767ac51789ea11a94c0003ffd1fc09_2f007b0a37b94ec7a69bc25ae15108a5',
+            'ext': 'm4a',
+            'track': 'insame',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'duration': 84.03,
+            'title': 'insame',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'uploader': 'Sorakime',
+            'uploader_id': 'sorakime',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://bandlabimages.azureedge.net/v1.0/users/572a351a-0f3a-4c6a-ac39-1a5defdeeb1c/',
+            'timestamp': 1691162128,
+            'upload_date': '20230804',
+            'media_type': 'track',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.bandlab.com/revision/014de0a4-7d82-ea11-a94c-0003ffd19c0f',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+    _WEBPAGE_TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://phantomluigi.github.io/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'e14223c3-7871-ef11-bdfd-000d3a980db3',
+            'ext': 'm4a',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'upload_date': '20240913',
+            'uploader_id': 'phantommusicofficial',
+            'timestamp': 1726194897,
+            'uploader': 'Phantom',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'genres': ['Progresive Rock'],
+            'description': 'md5:a38cd668f7a2843295ef284114f18429',
+            'duration': 225.23,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'title': 'Vermilion Pt. 2 (Cover)',
+            'track': 'Vermilion Pt. 2 (Cover)',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://bandlabimages.azureedge.net/v1.0/songs/62b10750-7aef-4f42-ad08-1af52f577e97/',
+            'media_type': 'revision',
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        display_id, url_type = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'url_type')
+
+        qs = parse_qs(url)
+        revision_id = traverse_obj(qs, (('revId', 'id'), 0, any))
+        if url_type == 'revision':
+            revision_id = display_id
+
+        revision_data = None
+        if not revision_id:
+            post_data = self._call_api(
+                'posts', display_id, note='Downloading post data',
+                query=traverse_obj(qs, {'sharedKey': ('sharedKey', 0)}))
+
+            revision_id = traverse_obj(post_data, (('revisionId', ('revision', 'id')), {str}, any))
+            revision_data = traverse_obj(post_data, ('revision', {dict}))
+
+            if not revision_data and not revision_id:
+                post_type = post_data.get('type')
+                if post_type == 'Video':
+                    return self._parse_video(post_data, url=url)
+                if post_type == 'Track':
+                    return self._parse_track(post_data, url=url)
+                raise ExtractorError(f'Could not extract data for post type {post_type!r}')
+
+        if not revision_data:
+            revision_data = self._call_api(
+                'revisions', revision_id, note='Downloading revision data', query={'edit': 'false'})
+
+        return self._parse_revision(revision_data, url=url)
+
+
+class BandlabPlaylistIE(BandlabBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = [
+        r'https?://(?:www\.)?bandlab.com/(?:[\w]+/)?(?P<type>albums|collections)/(?P<id>[\da-f-]+)',
+        r'https?://(?:www\.)?bandlab.com/(?P<type>embed)/collection/\?(?:[^#]*&)?id=(?P<id>[\da-f-]+)',
+    ]
+    _EMBED_REGEX = [rf'<iframe[^>]+src=[\'"](?P<url>{_VALID_URL[1]})[\'"]']
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.bandlab.com/davesnothome69/albums/89b79ea6-de42-ed11-b495-00224845aac7',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'thumbnail': 'https://bl-prod-images.azureedge.net/v1.3/albums/69507ff3-579a-45be-afca-9e87eddec944/',
+            'release_date': '20221003',
+            'title': 'Remnants',
+            'album': 'Remnants',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'album_type': 'LP',
+            'description': 'A collection of some feel good, rock hits.',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'id': '89b79ea6-de42-ed11-b495-00224845aac7',
+            'uploader': 'David R Sparks',
+            'uploader_id': 'davesnothome69',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 10,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.bandlab.com/slytheband/collections/955102d4-1040-ef11-86c3-000d3a42581b',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '955102d4-1040-ef11-86c3-000d3a42581b',
+            'timestamp': 1720762659,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'title': 'My Shit 🖤',
+            'uploader_id': 'slytheband',
+            'uploader': '𝓢𝓛𝓨',
+            'upload_date': '20240712',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://bandlabimages.azureedge.net/v1.0/collections/2c64ca12-b180-4b76-8587-7a8da76bddc8/',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 15,
+    }, {
+        # Embeds can contain both albums and collections with the same URL pattern. This is an album
+        'url': 'https://www.bandlab.com/embed/collection/?id=12cc6f7f-951b-ee11-907c-00224844f303',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '12cc6f7f-951b-ee11-907c-00224844f303',
+            'release_date': '20230706',
+            'description': 'This is a collection of songs I created when I had an Amiga computer.',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'title': 'Mark Salud The Amiga Collection',
+            'uploader_id': 'mssirmooth1962',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://bl-prod-images.azureedge.net/v1.3/albums/d618bd7b-0537-40d5-bdd8-61b066e77d59/',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'uploader': 'Mark Salud',
+            'album': 'Mark Salud The Amiga Collection',
+            'album_type': 'LP',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 24,
+    }, {
+        # Tracks without revision id
+        'url': 'https://www.bandlab.com/embed/collection/?id=e98aafb5-d932-ee11-b8f0-00224844c719',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'like_count': int,
+            'uploader_id': 'sorakime',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'uploader': 'Sorakime',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'description': 'md5:4ec31c568a5f5a5a2b17572ea64c3825',
+            'release_date': '20230812',
+            'title': 'Art',
+            'album': 'Art',
+            'album_type': 'Album',
+            'id': 'e98aafb5-d932-ee11-b8f0-00224844c719',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://bl-prod-images.azureedge.net/v1.3/albums/20c890de-e94a-4422-828a-2da6377a13c8/',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 13,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.bandlab.com/albums/89b79ea6-de42-ed11-b495-00224845aac7',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    def _entries(self, album_data):
+        for post in traverse_obj(album_data, ('posts', lambda _, v: v['type'])):
+            post_type = post['type']
+            if post_type == 'Revision':
+                yield self._parse_revision(post.get('revision'))
+            elif post_type == 'Track':
+                yield self._parse_track(post)
+            elif post_type == 'Video':
+                yield self._parse_video(post)
+            else:
+                self.report_warning(f'Skipping unknown post type: "{post_type}"')
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        playlist_id, playlist_type = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'type')
+
+        endpoints = {
+            'albums': ['albums'],
+            'collections': ['collections'],
+            'embed': ['collections', 'albums'],
+        }.get(playlist_type)
+        for endpoint in endpoints:
+            playlist_data = self._call_api(
+                endpoint, playlist_id, note=f'Downloading {endpoint[:-1]} data',
+                fatal=False, expected_status=404)
+            if not playlist_data.get('errorCode'):
+                playlist_type = endpoint
+                break
+        if error_code := playlist_data.get('errorCode'):
+            raise ExtractorError(f'Could not find playlist data. Error code: "{error_code}"')
+
+        return self.playlist_result(
+            self._entries(playlist_data), playlist_id,
+            **traverse_obj(playlist_data, {
+                'title': ('name', {str}),
+                'description': ('description', {str}),
+                'uploader': ('creator', 'name', {str}),
+                'uploader_id': ('creator', 'username', {str}),
+                'timestamp': ('createdOn', {parse_iso8601}),
+                'release_date': ('releaseDate', {lambda x: x.replace('-', '')}, filter),
+                'thumbnail': ('picture', ('original', 'url'), {url_or_none}, any),
+                'like_count': ('counters', 'likes', {int_or_none}),
+                'comment_count': ('counters', 'comments', {int_or_none}),
+                'view_count': ('counters', 'plays', {int_or_none}),
+            }),
+            **(traverse_obj(playlist_data, {
+                'album': ('name', {str}),
+                'album_type': ('type', {str}),
+            }) if playlist_type == 'albums' else {}))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/bbc.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/bbc.py
index 3af923f95..89fcf4425 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/bbc.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/bbc.py
@@ -1284,9 +1284,9 @@ class BBCIE(BBCCoUkIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
                 **traverse_obj(model, {
                     'title': ('title', {str}),
                     'thumbnail': ('imageUrl', {lambda u: urljoin(url, u.replace('$recipe', 'raw'))}),
-                    'description': ('synopses', ('long', 'medium', 'short'), {str}, {lambda x: x or None}, any),
+                    'description': ('synopses', ('long', 'medium', 'short'), {str}, filter, any),
                     'duration': ('versions', 0, 'duration', {int}),
-                    'timestamp': ('versions', 0, 'availableFrom', {functools.partial(int_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                    'timestamp': ('versions', 0, 'availableFrom', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 }),
             }
 
@@ -1386,7 +1386,7 @@ class BBCIE(BBCCoUkIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
                     formats = traverse_obj(media_data, ('playlist', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['url']), {
                         'url': ('url', {url_or_none}),
                         'ext': ('format', {str}),
-                        'tbr': ('bitrate', {functools.partial(int_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                        'tbr': ('bitrate', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                     }))
                     if formats:
                         entry = {
@@ -1398,7 +1398,7 @@ class BBCIE(BBCCoUkIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
                                 'title': ('title', {str}),
                                 'thumbnail': ('imageUrl', {lambda u: urljoin(url, u.replace('$recipe', 'raw'))}),
                                 'description': ('synopses', ('long', 'medium', 'short'), {str}, any),
-                                'timestamp': ('firstPublished', {functools.partial(int_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                                'timestamp': ('firstPublished', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                             }),
                         }
                         done = True
@@ -1428,7 +1428,7 @@ class BBCIE(BBCCoUkIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
             if not entry.get('timestamp'):
                 entry['timestamp'] = traverse_obj(next_data, (
                     ..., 'contents', is_type('timestamp'), 'model',
-                    'timestamp', {functools.partial(int_or_none, scale=1000)}, any))
+                    'timestamp', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}, any))
             entries.append(entry)
             return self.playlist_result(
                 entries, playlist_id, playlist_title, playlist_description)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/beacon.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/beacon.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ae47687cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/beacon.py
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+import json
+
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
+    parse_iso8601,
+    traverse_obj,
+)
+
+
+class BeaconTvIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?beacon\.tv/content/(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
+
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://beacon.tv/content/welcome-to-beacon',
+        'md5': 'b3f5932d437f288e662f10f3bfc5bd04',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'welcome-to-beacon',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'upload_date': '20240509',
+            'description': 'md5:ea2bd32e71acf3f9fca6937412cc3563',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://cdn.jwplayer.com/v2/media/I4CkkEvN/poster.jpg?width=720',
+            'title': 'Your home for Critical Role!',
+            'timestamp': 1715227200,
+            'duration': 105.494,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://beacon.tv/content/re-slayers-take-trailer',
+        'md5': 'd879b091485dbed2245094c8152afd89',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 're-slayers-take-trailer',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'The Re-Slayer’s Take | Official Trailer',
+            'timestamp': 1715189040,
+            'upload_date': '20240508',
+            'duration': 53.249,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://cdn.jwplayer.com/v2/media/PW5ApIw3/poster.jpg?width=720',
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+
+        content_data = traverse_obj(self._search_nextjs_data(webpage, video_id), (
+            'props', 'pageProps', '__APOLLO_STATE__',
+            lambda k, v: k.startswith('Content:') and v['slug'] == video_id, any))
+        if not content_data:
+            raise ExtractorError('Failed to extract content data')
+
+        jwplayer_data = traverse_obj(content_data, (
+            (('contentVideo', 'video', 'videoData'),
+             ('contentPodcast', 'podcast', 'audioData')), {json.loads}, {dict}, any))
+        if not jwplayer_data:
+            if content_data.get('contentType') not in ('videoPodcast', 'video', 'podcast'):
+                raise ExtractorError('Content is not a video/podcast', expected=True)
+            if traverse_obj(content_data, ('contentTier', '__ref')) != 'MemberTier:65b258d178f89be87b4dc0a4':
+                self.raise_login_required('This video/podcast is for members only')
+            raise ExtractorError('Failed to extract content')
+
+        return {
+            **self._parse_jwplayer_data(jwplayer_data, video_id),
+            **traverse_obj(content_data, {
+                'title': ('title', {str}),
+                'description': ('description', {str}),
+                'timestamp': ('publishedAt', {parse_iso8601}),
+            }),
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/bfmtv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/bfmtv.py
index 87f011783..49d4819a3 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/bfmtv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/bfmtv.py
@@ -1,18 +1,33 @@
 import re
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import extract_attributes
+from ..utils import ExtractorError, extract_attributes
 
 
 class BFMTVBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
     _VALID_URL_BASE = r'https?://(?:www\.|rmc\.)?bfmtv\.com/'
     _VALID_URL_TMPL = _VALID_URL_BASE + r'(?:[^/]+/)*[^/?&#]+_%s[A-Z]-(?P<id>\d{12})\.html'
-    _VIDEO_BLOCK_REGEX = r'(<div[^>]+class="video_block[^"]*"[^>]*>)'
+    _VIDEO_BLOCK_REGEX = r'(<div[^>]+class="video_block[^"]*"[^>]*>.*?</div>)'
+    _VIDEO_ELEMENT_REGEX = r'(<video-js[^>]+>)'
     BRIGHTCOVE_URL_TEMPLATE = 'http://players.brightcove.net/%s/%s_default/index.html?videoId=%s'
 
-    def _brightcove_url_result(self, video_id, video_block):
-        account_id = video_block.get('accountid') or '876450612001'
-        player_id = video_block.get('playerid') or 'I2qBTln4u'
+    def _extract_video(self, video_block):
+        video_element = self._search_regex(
+            self._VIDEO_ELEMENT_REGEX, video_block, 'video element', default=None)
+        if video_element:
+            video_element_attrs = extract_attributes(video_element)
+            video_id = video_element_attrs.get('data-video-id')
+            if not video_id:
+                return
+            account_id = video_element_attrs.get('data-account') or '876450610001'
+            player_id = video_element_attrs.get('adjustplayer') or '19dszYXgm'
+        else:
+            video_block_attrs = extract_attributes(video_block)
+            video_id = video_block_attrs.get('videoid')
+            if not video_id:
+                return
+            account_id = video_block_attrs.get('accountid') or '876630703001'
+            player_id = video_block_attrs.get('playerid') or 'KbPwEbuHx'
         return self.url_result(
             self.BRIGHTCOVE_URL_TEMPLATE % (account_id, player_id, video_id),
             'BrightcoveNew', video_id)
@@ -40,23 +55,25 @@ class BFMTVIE(BFMTVBaseIE):
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         bfmtv_id = self._match_id(url)
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, bfmtv_id)
-        video_block = extract_attributes(self._search_regex(
+        video = self._extract_video(self._search_regex(
             self._VIDEO_BLOCK_REGEX, webpage, 'video block'))
-        return self._brightcove_url_result(video_block['videoid'], video_block)
+        if not video:
+            raise ExtractorError('Failed to extract video')
+        return video
 
 
-class BFMTVLiveIE(BFMTVIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
+class BFMTVLiveIE(BFMTVBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'bfmtv:live'
     _VALID_URL = BFMTVBaseIE._VALID_URL_BASE + '(?P<id>(?:[^/]+/)?en-direct)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.bfmtv.com/en-direct/',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '5615950982001',
+            'id': '6346069778112',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': r're:^le direct BFMTV WEB \d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2} \d{2}:\d{2}$',
+            'title': r're:^Le Live BFM TV \d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2} \d{2}:\d{2}$',
             'uploader_id': '876450610001',
-            'upload_date': '20220926',
-            'timestamp': 1664207191,
+            'upload_date': '20240202',
+            'timestamp': 1706887572,
             'live_status': 'is_live',
             'thumbnail': r're:https://.+/image\.jpg',
             'tags': [],
@@ -69,6 +86,15 @@ class BFMTVLiveIE(BFMTVIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
         'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        bfmtv_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, bfmtv_id)
+        video = self._extract_video(self._search_regex(
+            self._VIDEO_BLOCK_REGEX, webpage, 'video block'))
+        if not video:
+            raise ExtractorError('Failed to extract video')
+        return video
+
 
 class BFMTVArticleIE(BFMTVBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'bfmtv:article'
@@ -102,18 +128,16 @@ class BFMTVArticleIE(BFMTVBaseIE):
         },
     }]
 
+    def _entries(self, webpage):
+        for video_block_el in re.findall(self._VIDEO_BLOCK_REGEX, webpage):
+            video = self._extract_video(video_block_el)
+            if video:
+                yield video
+
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         bfmtv_id = self._match_id(url)
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, bfmtv_id)
 
-        entries = []
-        for video_block_el in re.findall(self._VIDEO_BLOCK_REGEX, webpage):
-            video_block = extract_attributes(video_block_el)
-            video_id = video_block.get('videoid')
-            if not video_id:
-                continue
-            entries.append(self._brightcove_url_result(video_id, video_block))
-
         return self.playlist_result(
-            entries, bfmtv_id, self._og_search_title(webpage, fatal=False),
+            self._entries(webpage), bfmtv_id, self._og_search_title(webpage, fatal=False),
             self._html_search_meta(['og:description', 'description'], webpage))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/bibeltv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/bibeltv.py
index 666b51c56..ad00245de 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/bibeltv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/bibeltv.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import functools
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
@@ -50,7 +49,7 @@ class BibelTVBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
             **traverse_obj(data, {
                 'title': 'title',
                 'description': 'description',
-                'duration': ('duration', {functools.partial(int_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'timestamp': ('schedulingStart', {parse_iso8601}),
                 'season_number': 'seasonNumber',
                 'episode_number': 'episodeNumber',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/bilibili.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/bilibili.py
index a84b7a6f7..2db951a60 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/bilibili.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/bilibili.py
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ from ..utils import (
     InAdvancePagedList,
     OnDemandPagedList,
     bool_or_none,
-    clean_html,
     determine_ext,
     filter_dict,
     float_or_none,
@@ -46,6 +45,7 @@ from ..utils import (
 
 
 class BilibiliBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _HEADERS = {'Referer': 'https://www.bilibili.com/'}
     _FORMAT_ID_RE = re.compile(r'-(\d+)\.m4s\?')
     _WBI_KEY_CACHE_TIMEOUT = 30  # exact expire timeout is unclear, use 30s for one session
     _wbi_key_cache = {}
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ class BilibiliBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'support_formats', lambda _, v: v['quality'] not in parsed_qualities))], delim=', ')
         if missing_formats:
             self.to_screen(
-                f'Format(s) {missing_formats} are missing; you have to login or '
+                f'Format(s) {missing_formats} are missing; you have to '
                 f'become a premium member to download them. {self._login_hint()}')
 
     def extract_formats(self, play_info):
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ class BilibiliBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
 
         fragments = traverse_obj(play_info, ('durl', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['url']), {
             'url': ('url', {url_or_none}),
-            'duration': ('length', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+            'duration': ('length', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
             'filesize': ('size', {int_or_none}),
         }))
         if fragments:
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ class BilibiliBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
                     'quality': ('quality', {int_or_none}),
                     'format_id': ('quality', {str_or_none}),
                     'format_note': ('quality', {lambda x: format_names.get(x)}),
-                    'duration': ('timelength', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                    'duration': ('timelength', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 }),
                 **parse_resolution(format_names.get(play_info.get('quality'))),
             })
@@ -164,14 +164,18 @@ class BilibiliBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
         params['w_rid'] = hashlib.md5(f'{query}{self._get_wbi_key(video_id)}'.encode()).hexdigest()
         return params
 
-    def _download_playinfo(self, bvid, cid, headers=None, qn=None):
-        params = {'bvid': bvid, 'cid': cid, 'fnval': 4048}
-        if qn:
-            params['qn'] = qn
+    def _download_playinfo(self, bvid, cid, headers=None, query=None):
+        params = {'bvid': bvid, 'cid': cid, 'fnval': 4048, **(query or {})}
+        if self.is_logged_in:
+            params.pop('try_look', None)
+        if qn := params.get('qn'):
+            note = f'Downloading video format {qn} for cid {cid}'
+        else:
+            note = f'Downloading video formats for cid {cid}'
+
         return self._download_json(
             'https://api.bilibili.com/x/player/wbi/playurl', bvid,
-            query=self._sign_wbi(params, bvid), headers=headers,
-            note=f'Downloading video formats for cid {cid} {qn or ""}')['data']
+            query=self._sign_wbi(params, bvid), headers=headers, note=note)['data']
 
     def json2srt(self, json_data):
         srt_data = ''
@@ -190,9 +194,9 @@ class BilibiliBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
         }
 
         video_info = self._download_json(
-            'https://api.bilibili.com/x/player/v2', video_id,
+            'https://api.bilibili.com/x/player/wbi/v2', video_id,
             query={'aid': aid, 'cid': cid} if aid else {'bvid': video_id, 'cid': cid},
-            note=f'Extracting subtitle info {cid}')
+            note=f'Extracting subtitle info {cid}', headers=self._HEADERS)
         if traverse_obj(video_info, ('data', 'need_login_subtitle')):
             self.report_warning(
                 f'Subtitles are only available when logged in. {self._login_hint()}', only_once=True)
@@ -206,8 +210,8 @@ class BilibiliBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
 
     def _get_chapters(self, aid, cid):
         chapters = aid and cid and self._download_json(
-            'https://api.bilibili.com/x/player/v2', aid, query={'aid': aid, 'cid': cid},
-            note='Extracting chapters', fatal=False)
+            'https://api.bilibili.com/x/player/wbi/v2', aid, query={'aid': aid, 'cid': cid},
+            note='Extracting chapters', fatal=False, headers=self._HEADERS)
         return traverse_obj(chapters, ('data', 'view_points', ..., {
             'title': 'content',
             'start_time': 'from',
@@ -285,7 +289,7 @@ class BilibiliBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
             ('data', 'interaction', 'graph_version', {int_or_none}))
         cid_edges = self._get_divisions(video_id, graph_version, {1: {'cid': cid}}, 1)
         for cid, edges in cid_edges.items():
-            play_info = self._download_playinfo(video_id, cid, headers=headers)
+            play_info = self._download_playinfo(video_id, cid, headers=headers, query={'try_look': 1})
             yield {
                 **metainfo,
                 'id': f'{video_id}_{cid}',
@@ -298,7 +302,7 @@ class BilibiliBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
 
 
 class BiliBiliIE(BilibiliBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?bilibili\.com/(?:video/|festival/\w+\?(?:[^#]*&)?bvid=)[aAbB][vV](?P<id>[^/?#&]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?bilibili\.com/(?:video/|festival/[^/?#]+\?(?:[^#]*&)?bvid=)[aAbB][vV](?P<id>[^/?#&]+)'
 
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV13x41117TL',
@@ -622,6 +626,10 @@ class BiliBiliIE(BilibiliBaseIE):
             'ext': 'mp4',
         },
         'skip': 'geo-restricted',
+    }, {
+        'note': 'has - in the last path segment of the url',
+        'url': 'https://www.bilibili.com/festival/bh3-7th?bvid=BV1tr4y1f7p2&',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
@@ -634,40 +642,29 @@ class BiliBiliIE(BilibiliBaseIE):
         headers['Referer'] = url
 
         initial_state = self._search_json(r'window\.__INITIAL_STATE__\s*=', webpage, 'initial state', video_id)
+
+        if traverse_obj(initial_state, ('error', 'trueCode')) == -403:
+            self.raise_login_required()
+        if traverse_obj(initial_state, ('error', 'trueCode')) == -404:
+            raise ExtractorError(
+                'This video may be deleted or geo-restricted. '
+                'You might want to try a VPN or a proxy server (with --proxy)', expected=True)
+
         is_festival = 'videoData' not in initial_state
         if is_festival:
             video_data = initial_state['videoInfo']
         else:
-            play_info_obj = self._search_json(
-                r'window\.__playinfo__\s*=', webpage, 'play info', video_id, fatal=False)
-            if not play_info_obj:
-                if traverse_obj(initial_state, ('error', 'trueCode')) == -403:
-                    self.raise_login_required()
-                if traverse_obj(initial_state, ('error', 'trueCode')) == -404:
-                    raise ExtractorError(
-                        'This video may be deleted or geo-restricted. '
-                        'You might want to try a VPN or a proxy server (with --proxy)', expected=True)
-            play_info = traverse_obj(play_info_obj, ('data', {dict}))
-            if not play_info:
-                if traverse_obj(play_info_obj, 'code') == 87007:
-                    toast = get_element_by_class('tips-toast', webpage) or ''
-                    msg = clean_html(
-                        f'{get_element_by_class("belongs-to", toast) or ""}，'
-                        + (get_element_by_class('level', toast) or ''))
-                    raise ExtractorError(
-                        f'This is a supporter-only video: {msg}. {self._login_hint()}', expected=True)
-                raise ExtractorError('Failed to extract play info')
             video_data = initial_state['videoData']
 
         video_id, title = video_data['bvid'], video_data.get('title')
 
         # Bilibili anthologies are similar to playlists but all videos share the same video ID as the anthology itself.
-        page_list_json = not is_festival and traverse_obj(
+        page_list_json = (not is_festival and traverse_obj(
             self._download_json(
                 'https://api.bilibili.com/x/player/pagelist', video_id,
                 fatal=False, query={'bvid': video_id, 'jsonp': 'jsonp'},
                 note='Extracting videos in anthology', headers=headers),
-            'data', expected_type=list) or []
+            'data', expected_type=list)) or []
         is_anthology = len(page_list_json) > 1
 
         part_id = int_or_none(parse_qs(url).get('p', [None])[-1])
@@ -686,8 +683,6 @@ class BiliBiliIE(BilibiliBaseIE):
 
         festival_info = {}
         if is_festival:
-            play_info = self._download_playinfo(video_id, cid, headers=headers)
-
             festival_info = traverse_obj(initial_state, {
                 'uploader': ('videoInfo', 'upName'),
                 'uploader_id': ('videoInfo', 'upMid', {str_or_none}),
@@ -722,62 +717,79 @@ class BiliBiliIE(BilibiliBaseIE):
                 self._get_interactive_entries(video_id, cid, metainfo, headers=headers), **metainfo,
                 duration=traverse_obj(initial_state, ('videoData', 'duration', {int_or_none})),
                 __post_extractor=self.extract_comments(aid))
-        else:
-            formats = self.extract_formats(play_info)
 
-            if not traverse_obj(play_info, ('dash')):
-                # we only have legacy formats and need additional work
-                has_qn = lambda x: x in traverse_obj(formats, (..., 'quality'))
-                for qn in traverse_obj(play_info, ('accept_quality', lambda _, v: not has_qn(v), {int})):
-                    formats.extend(traverse_obj(
-                        self.extract_formats(self._download_playinfo(video_id, cid, headers=headers, qn=qn)),
-                        lambda _, v: not has_qn(v['quality'])))
-                self._check_missing_formats(play_info, formats)
-                flv_formats = traverse_obj(formats, lambda _, v: v['fragments'])
-                if flv_formats and len(flv_formats) < len(formats):
-                    # Flv and mp4 are incompatible due to `multi_video` workaround, so drop one
-                    if not self._configuration_arg('prefer_multi_flv'):
-                        dropped_fmts = ', '.join(
-                            f'{f.get("format_note")} ({f.get("format_id")})' for f in flv_formats)
-                        formats = traverse_obj(formats, lambda _, v: not v.get('fragments'))
-                        if dropped_fmts:
-                            self.to_screen(
-                                f'Dropping incompatible flv format(s) {dropped_fmts} since mp4 is available. '
-                                'To extract flv, pass --extractor-args "bilibili:prefer_multi_flv"')
-                    else:
-                        formats = traverse_obj(
-                            # XXX: Filtering by extractor-arg is for testing purposes
-                            formats, lambda _, v: v['quality'] == int(self._configuration_arg('prefer_multi_flv')[0]),
-                        ) or [max(flv_formats, key=lambda x: x['quality'])]
+        play_info = None
+        if self.is_logged_in:
+            play_info = traverse_obj(
+                self._search_json(r'window\.__playinfo__\s*=', webpage, 'play info', video_id, default=None),
+                ('data', {dict}))
+        if not play_info:
+            play_info = self._download_playinfo(video_id, cid, headers=headers, query={'try_look': 1})
+        formats = self.extract_formats(play_info)
 
-            if traverse_obj(formats, (0, 'fragments')):
-                # We have flv formats, which are individual short videos with their own timestamps and metainfo
-                # Binary concatenation corrupts their timestamps, so we need a `multi_video` workaround
-                return {
-                    **metainfo,
-                    '_type': 'multi_video',
-                    'entries': [{
-                        'id': f'{metainfo["id"]}_{idx}',
-                        'title': metainfo['title'],
-                        'http_headers': metainfo['http_headers'],
-                        'formats': [{
-                            **fragment,
-                            'format_id': formats[0].get('format_id'),
-                        }],
-                        'subtitles': self.extract_subtitles(video_id, cid) if idx == 0 else None,
-                        '__post_extractor': self.extract_comments(aid) if idx == 0 else None,
-                    } for idx, fragment in enumerate(formats[0]['fragments'])],
-                    'duration': float_or_none(play_info.get('timelength'), scale=1000),
-                }
-            else:
-                return {
-                    **metainfo,
-                    'formats': formats,
-                    'duration': float_or_none(play_info.get('timelength'), scale=1000),
-                    'chapters': self._get_chapters(aid, cid),
-                    'subtitles': self.extract_subtitles(video_id, cid),
-                    '__post_extractor': self.extract_comments(aid),
-                }
+        if video_data.get('is_upower_exclusive'):
+            high_level = traverse_obj(initial_state, ('elecFullInfo', 'show_info', 'high_level', {dict})) or {}
+            msg = f'{join_nonempty("title", "sub_title", from_dict=high_level, delim="，")}. {self._login_hint()}'
+            if not formats:
+                raise ExtractorError(f'This is a supporter-only video: {msg}', expected=True)
+            if '试看' in traverse_obj(play_info, ('accept_description', ..., {str})):
+                self.report_warning(
+                    f'This is a supporter-only video, only the preview will be extracted: {msg}',
+                    video_id=video_id)
+
+        if not traverse_obj(play_info, 'dash'):
+            # we only have legacy formats and need additional work
+            has_qn = lambda x: x in traverse_obj(formats, (..., 'quality'))
+            for qn in traverse_obj(play_info, ('accept_quality', lambda _, v: not has_qn(v), {int})):
+                formats.extend(traverse_obj(
+                    self.extract_formats(self._download_playinfo(video_id, cid, headers=headers, query={'qn': qn})),
+                    lambda _, v: not has_qn(v['quality'])))
+            self._check_missing_formats(play_info, formats)
+            flv_formats = traverse_obj(formats, lambda _, v: v['fragments'])
+            if flv_formats and len(flv_formats) < len(formats):
+                # Flv and mp4 are incompatible due to `multi_video` workaround, so drop one
+                if not self._configuration_arg('prefer_multi_flv'):
+                    dropped_fmts = ', '.join(
+                        f'{f.get("format_note")} ({f.get("format_id")})' for f in flv_formats)
+                    formats = traverse_obj(formats, lambda _, v: not v.get('fragments'))
+                    if dropped_fmts:
+                        self.to_screen(
+                            f'Dropping incompatible flv format(s) {dropped_fmts} since mp4 is available. '
+                            'To extract flv, pass --extractor-args "bilibili:prefer_multi_flv"')
+                else:
+                    formats = traverse_obj(
+                        # XXX: Filtering by extractor-arg is for testing purposes
+                        formats, lambda _, v: v['quality'] == int(self._configuration_arg('prefer_multi_flv')[0]),
+                    ) or [max(flv_formats, key=lambda x: x['quality'])]
+
+        if traverse_obj(formats, (0, 'fragments')):
+            # We have flv formats, which are individual short videos with their own timestamps and metainfo
+            # Binary concatenation corrupts their timestamps, so we need a `multi_video` workaround
+            return {
+                **metainfo,
+                '_type': 'multi_video',
+                'entries': [{
+                    'id': f'{metainfo["id"]}_{idx}',
+                    'title': metainfo['title'],
+                    'http_headers': metainfo['http_headers'],
+                    'formats': [{
+                        **fragment,
+                        'format_id': formats[0].get('format_id'),
+                    }],
+                    'subtitles': self.extract_subtitles(video_id, cid) if idx == 0 else None,
+                    '__post_extractor': self.extract_comments(aid) if idx == 0 else None,
+                } for idx, fragment in enumerate(formats[0]['fragments'])],
+                'duration': float_or_none(play_info.get('timelength'), scale=1000),
+            }
+
+        return {
+            **metainfo,
+            'formats': formats,
+            'duration': float_or_none(play_info.get('timelength'), scale=1000),
+            'chapters': self._get_chapters(aid, cid),
+            'subtitles': self.extract_subtitles(video_id, cid),
+            '__post_extractor': self.extract_comments(aid),
+        }
 
 
 class BiliBiliBangumiIE(BilibiliBaseIE):
@@ -855,10 +867,16 @@ class BiliBiliBangumiIE(BilibiliBaseIE):
             self.raise_login_required('This video is for premium members only')
 
         headers['Referer'] = url
-        play_info = self._download_json(
-            'https://api.bilibili.com/pgc/player/web/v2/playurl', episode_id,
-            'Extracting episode', query={'fnval': '4048', 'ep_id': episode_id},
-            headers=headers)
+
+        play_info = (
+            self._search_json(
+                r'playurlSSRData\s*=', webpage, 'embedded page info', episode_id,
+                end_pattern='\n', default=None)
+            or self._download_json(
+                'https://api.bilibili.com/pgc/player/web/v2/playurl', episode_id,
+                'Extracting episode', query={'fnval': 12240, 'ep_id': episode_id},
+                headers=headers))
+
         premium_only = play_info.get('code') == -10403
         play_info = traverse_obj(play_info, ('result', 'video_info', {dict})) or {}
 
@@ -1017,8 +1035,6 @@ class BiliBiliBangumiSeasonIE(BilibiliBaseIE):
 
 
 class BilibiliCheeseBaseIE(BilibiliBaseIE):
-    _HEADERS = {'Referer': 'https://www.bilibili.com/'}
-
     def _extract_episode(self, season_info, ep_id):
         episode_info = traverse_obj(season_info, (
             'episodes', lambda _, v: v['id'] == int(ep_id)), get_all=False)
@@ -1582,7 +1598,7 @@ class BilibiliPlaylistIE(BilibiliSpaceListBaseIE):
                 'title': ('title', {str}),
                 'uploader': ('upper', 'name', {str}),
                 'uploader_id': ('upper', 'mid', {str_or_none}),
-                'timestamp': ('ctime', {int_or_none}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'timestamp': ('ctime', {int_or_none}, filter),
                 'thumbnail': ('cover', {url_or_none}),
             })),
         }
@@ -1848,7 +1864,7 @@ class BiliBiliPlayerIE(InfoExtractor):
 class BiliIntlBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
     _API_URL = 'https://api.bilibili.tv/intl/gateway'
     _NETRC_MACHINE = 'biliintl'
-    _HEADERS = {'Referer': 'https://www.bilibili.com/'}
+    _HEADERS = {'Referer': 'https://www.bilibili.tv/'}
 
     def _call_api(self, endpoint, *args, **kwargs):
         json = self._download_json(self._API_URL + endpoint, *args, **kwargs)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/bluesky.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/bluesky.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0e58a0932
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/bluesky.py
@@ -0,0 +1,388 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
+    format_field,
+    int_or_none,
+    mimetype2ext,
+    orderedSet,
+    parse_iso8601,
+    truncate_string,
+    update_url_query,
+    url_basename,
+    url_or_none,
+    variadic,
+)
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+
+
+class BlueskyIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = [
+        r'https?://(?:www\.)?(?:bsky\.app|main\.bsky\.dev)/profile/(?P<handle>[\w.:%-]+)/post/(?P<id>\w+)',
+        r'at://(?P<handle>[\w.:%-]+)/app\.bsky\.feed\.post/(?P<id>\w+)',
+    ]
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/blu3blue.bsky.social/post/3l4omssdl632g',
+        'md5': '375539c1930ab05d15585ed772ab54fd',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3l4omssdl632g',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'uploader': 'Blu3Blu3Lilith',
+            'uploader_id': 'blu3blue.bsky.social',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/blu3blue.bsky.social',
+            'channel_id': 'did:plc:pzdr5ylumf7vmvwasrpr5bf2',
+            'channel_url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/did:plc:pzdr5ylumf7vmvwasrpr5bf2',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://video.bsky.app/watch/.*\.jpg$',
+            'title': 'OMG WE HAVE VIDEOS NOW',
+            'description': 'OMG WE HAVE VIDEOS NOW',
+            'upload_date': '20240921',
+            'timestamp': 1726940605,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'repost_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'tags': [],
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/bsky.app/post/3l3vgf77uco2g',
+        'md5': 'b9e344fdbce9f2852c668a97efefb105',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3l3vgf77uco2g',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'uploader': 'Bluesky',
+            'uploader_id': 'bsky.app',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/bsky.app',
+            'channel_id': 'did:plc:z72i7hdynmk6r22z27h6tvur',
+            'channel_url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/did:plc:z72i7hdynmk6r22z27h6tvur',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://video.bsky.app/watch/.*\.jpg$',
+            'title': 'Bluesky now has video! Update your app to versi...',
+            'alt_title': 'Bluesky video feature announcement',
+            'description': r're:(?s)Bluesky now has video! .{239}',
+            'upload_date': '20240911',
+            'timestamp': 1726074716,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'repost_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'tags': [],
+            'subtitles': {
+                'en': 'mincount:1',
+            },
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://main.bsky.dev/profile/souris.moe/post/3l4qhp7bcs52c',
+        'md5': '5f2df8c200b5633eb7fb2c984d29772f',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3l4qhp7bcs52c',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'uploader': 'souris',
+            'uploader_id': 'souris.moe',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/souris.moe',
+            'channel_id': 'did:plc:tj7g244gl5v6ai6cm4f4wlqp',
+            'channel_url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/did:plc:tj7g244gl5v6ai6cm4f4wlqp',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://video.bsky.app/watch/.*\.jpg$',
+            'title': 'Bluesky video #3l4qhp7bcs52c',
+            'upload_date': '20240922',
+            'timestamp': 1727003838,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'repost_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'tags': [],
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/de1.pds.tentacle.expert/post/3l3w4tnezek2e',
+        'md5': '1af9c7fda061cf7593bbffca89e43d1c',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3l3w4tnezek2e',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'uploader': 'clean',
+            'uploader_id': 'de1.pds.tentacle.expert',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/de1.pds.tentacle.expert',
+            'channel_id': 'did:web:de1.tentacle.expert',
+            'channel_url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/did:web:de1.tentacle.expert',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://video.bsky.app/watch/.*\.jpg$',
+            'title': 'Bluesky video #3l3w4tnezek2e',
+            'upload_date': '20240911',
+            'timestamp': 1726098823,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'repost_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'tags': [],
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/yunayuispink.bsky.social/post/3l7gqcfes742o',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'XxK3t_5V3ao',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'uploader': 'yunayu',
+            'uploader_id': '@yunayuispink',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@yunayuispink',
+            'channel': 'yunayu',
+            'channel_id': 'UCPLvXnHa7lTyNoR_dGsU14w',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCPLvXnHa7lTyNoR_dGsU14w',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/XxK3t_5V3ao/maxresdefault.webp',
+            'description': r're:Have a good goodx10000day',
+            'title': '5min vs 5hours drawing',
+            'availability': 'public',
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
+            'playable_in_embed': True,
+            'upload_date': '20241026',
+            'timestamp': 1729967784,
+            'duration': 321,
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'categories': ['Entertainment'],
+            'tags': [],
+        },
+        'add_ie': ['Youtube'],
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/endshark.bsky.social/post/3jzxjkcemae2m',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '222792849',
+            'ext': 'mp3',
+            'uploader': 'LASERBAT',
+            'uploader_id': 'laserbatx',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://laserbatx.bandcamp.com',
+            'artists': ['LASERBAT'],
+            'album_artists': ['LASERBAT'],
+            'album': 'Hari Nezumi [EP]',
+            'track': 'Forward to the End',
+            'title': 'LASERBAT - Forward to the End',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://f4.bcbits.com/img/a2507705510_5.jpg',
+            'duration': 228.571,
+            'track_id': '222792849',
+            'release_date': '20230423',
+            'upload_date': '20230423',
+            'timestamp': 1682276040.0,
+            'release_timestamp': 1682276040.0,
+            'track_number': 1,
+        },
+        'add_ie': ['Bandcamp'],
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/dannybhoix.bsky.social/post/3l6oe5mtr2c2j',
+        'md5': 'b9e344fdbce9f2852c668a97efefb105',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3l3vgf77uco2g',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'uploader': 'Bluesky',
+            'uploader_id': 'bsky.app',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/bsky.app',
+            'channel_id': 'did:plc:z72i7hdynmk6r22z27h6tvur',
+            'channel_url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/did:plc:z72i7hdynmk6r22z27h6tvur',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://video.bsky.app/watch/.*\.jpg$',
+            'title': 'Bluesky now has video! Update your app to versi...',
+            'alt_title': 'Bluesky video feature announcement',
+            'description': r're:(?s)Bluesky now has video! .{239}',
+            'upload_date': '20240911',
+            'timestamp': 1726074716,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'repost_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'tags': [],
+            'subtitles': {
+                'en': 'mincount:1',
+            },
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/alt.bun.how/post/3l7rdfxhyds2f',
+        'md5': '8775118b235cf9fa6b5ad30f95cda75c',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3l7rdfxhyds2f',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'uploader': 'cinnamon',
+            'uploader_id': 'alt.bun.how',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/alt.bun.how',
+            'channel_id': 'did:plc:7x6rtuenkuvxq3zsvffp2ide',
+            'channel_url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/did:plc:7x6rtuenkuvxq3zsvffp2ide',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://video.bsky.app/watch/.*\.jpg$',
+            'title': 'crazy that i look like this tbh',
+            'description': 'crazy that i look like this tbh',
+            'upload_date': '20241030',
+            'timestamp': 1730332128,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'repost_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'tags': ['sexual'],
+            'age_limit': 18,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'at://did:plc:ia76kvnndjutgedggx2ibrem/app.bsky.feed.post/3l6zrz6zyl2dr',
+        'md5': '71b0eb6d85d03145e6af6642c7fc6d78',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3l6zrz6zyl2dr',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'uploader': 'mary🐇',
+            'uploader_id': 'mary.my.id',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/mary.my.id',
+            'channel_id': 'did:plc:ia76kvnndjutgedggx2ibrem',
+            'channel_url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/did:plc:ia76kvnndjutgedggx2ibrem',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://video.bsky.app/watch/.*\.jpg$',
+            'title': 'Bluesky video #3l6zrz6zyl2dr',
+            'upload_date': '20241021',
+            'timestamp': 1729523172,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'repost_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'tags': [],
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/purpleicetea.bsky.social/post/3l7gv55dc2o2w',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3l7gv55dc2o2w',
+        },
+        'playlist': [{
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '3l7gv55dc2o2w',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'upload_date': '20241026',
+                'description': 'One of my favorite videos',
+                'comment_count': int,
+                'uploader_url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/purpleicetea.bsky.social',
+                'uploader': 'Purple.Ice.Tea',
+                'thumbnail': r're:https://video.bsky.app/watch/.*\.jpg$',
+                'channel_url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/did:plc:bjh5ffwya5f53dfy47dezuwx',
+                'like_count': int,
+                'channel_id': 'did:plc:bjh5ffwya5f53dfy47dezuwx',
+                'repost_count': int,
+                'timestamp': 1729973202,
+                'tags': [],
+                'uploader_id': 'purpleicetea.bsky.social',
+                'title': 'One of my favorite videos',
+            },
+        }, {
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '3l77u64l7le2e',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'hearing people on twitter say that bluesky isn\'...',
+                'like_count': int,
+                'uploader_id': 'thafnine.net',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/thafnine.net',
+                'upload_date': '20241024',
+                'channel_url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/did:plc:6ttyq36rhiyed7wu3ws7dmqj',
+                'description': r're:(?s)hearing people on twitter say that bluesky .{93}',
+                'tags': [],
+                'alt_title': 'md5:9b1ee1937fb3d1a81e932f9ec14d560e',
+                'uploader': 'T9',
+                'channel_id': 'did:plc:6ttyq36rhiyed7wu3ws7dmqj',
+                'thumbnail': r're:https://video.bsky.app/watch/.*\.jpg$',
+                'timestamp': 1729731642,
+                'comment_count': int,
+                'repost_count': int,
+            },
+        }],
+    }]
+    _BLOB_URL_TMPL = '{}/xrpc/com.atproto.sync.getBlob'
+
+    def _get_service_endpoint(self, did, video_id):
+        if did.startswith('did:web:'):
+            url = f'https://{did[8:]}/.well-known/did.json'
+        else:
+            url = f'https://plc.directory/{did}'
+        services = self._download_json(
+            url, video_id, 'Fetching service endpoint', 'Falling back to bsky.social', fatal=False)
+        return traverse_obj(
+            services, ('service', lambda _, x: x['type'] == 'AtprotoPersonalDataServer',
+                       'serviceEndpoint', {url_or_none}, any)) or 'https://bsky.social'
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        handle, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('handle', 'id')
+
+        post = self._download_json(
+            'https://public.api.bsky.app/xrpc/app.bsky.feed.getPostThread',
+            video_id, query={
+                'uri': f'at://{handle}/app.bsky.feed.post/{video_id}',
+                'depth': 0,
+                'parentHeight': 0,
+            })['thread']['post']
+
+        entries = []
+        # app.bsky.embed.video.view/app.bsky.embed.external.view
+        entries.extend(self._extract_videos(post, video_id))
+        # app.bsky.embed.recordWithMedia.view
+        entries.extend(self._extract_videos(
+            post, video_id, embed_path=('embed', 'media'), record_subpath=('embed', 'media')))
+        # app.bsky.embed.record.view
+        if nested_post := traverse_obj(post, ('embed', 'record', ('record', None), {dict}, any)):
+            entries.extend(self._extract_videos(
+                nested_post, video_id, embed_path=('embeds', 0), record_path='value'))
+
+        if not entries:
+            raise ExtractorError('No video could be found in this post', expected=True)
+        if len(entries) == 1:
+            return entries[0]
+        return self.playlist_result(entries, video_id)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _build_profile_url(path):
+        return format_field(path, None, 'https://bsky.app/profile/%s', default=None)
+
+    def _extract_videos(self, root, video_id, embed_path='embed', record_path='record', record_subpath='embed'):
+        embed_path = variadic(embed_path, (str, bytes, dict, set))
+        record_path = variadic(record_path, (str, bytes, dict, set))
+        record_subpath = variadic(record_subpath, (str, bytes, dict, set))
+
+        entries = []
+        if external_uri := traverse_obj(root, (
+                ((*record_path, *record_subpath), embed_path), 'external', 'uri', {url_or_none}, any)):
+            entries.append(self.url_result(external_uri))
+        if playlist := traverse_obj(root, (*embed_path, 'playlist', {url_or_none})):
+            formats, subtitles = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                playlist, video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False)
+        else:
+            return entries
+
+        video_cid = traverse_obj(
+            root, (*embed_path, 'cid', {str}),
+            (*record_path, *record_subpath, 'video', 'ref', '$link', {str}))
+        did = traverse_obj(root, ('author', 'did', {str}))
+
+        if did and video_cid:
+            endpoint = self._get_service_endpoint(did, video_id)
+
+            formats.append({
+                'format_id': 'blob',
+                'url': update_url_query(
+                    self._BLOB_URL_TMPL.format(endpoint), {'did': did, 'cid': video_cid}),
+                **traverse_obj(root, (*embed_path, 'aspectRatio', {
+                    'width': ('width', {int_or_none}),
+                    'height': ('height', {int_or_none}),
+                })),
+                **traverse_obj(root, (*record_path, *record_subpath, 'video', {
+                    'filesize': ('size', {int_or_none}),
+                    'ext': ('mimeType', {mimetype2ext}),
+                })),
+            })
+
+            for sub_data in traverse_obj(root, (
+                    *record_path, *record_subpath, 'captions', lambda _, v: v['file']['ref']['$link'])):
+                subtitles.setdefault(sub_data.get('lang') or 'und', []).append({
+                    'url': update_url_query(
+                        self._BLOB_URL_TMPL.format(endpoint), {'did': did, 'cid': sub_data['file']['ref']['$link']}),
+                    'ext': traverse_obj(sub_data, ('file', 'mimeType', {mimetype2ext})),
+                })
+
+        entries.append({
+            'id': video_id,
+            'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+            **traverse_obj(root, {
+                'id': ('uri', {url_basename}),
+                'thumbnail': (*embed_path, 'thumbnail', {url_or_none}),
+                'alt_title': (*embed_path, 'alt', {str}, filter),
+                'uploader': ('author', 'displayName', {str}),
+                'uploader_id': ('author', 'handle', {str}),
+                'uploader_url': ('author', 'handle', {self._build_profile_url}),
+                'channel_id': ('author', 'did', {str}),
+                'channel_url': ('author', 'did', {self._build_profile_url}),
+                'like_count': ('likeCount', {int_or_none}),
+                'repost_count': ('repostCount', {int_or_none}),
+                'comment_count': ('replyCount', {int_or_none}),
+                'timestamp': ('indexedAt', {parse_iso8601}),
+                'tags': ('labels', ..., 'val', {str}, all, {orderedSet}),
+                'age_limit': (
+                    'labels', ..., 'val', {lambda x: 18 if x in ('sexual', 'porn', 'graphic-media') else None}, any),
+                'description': (*record_path, 'text', {str}, filter),
+                'title': (*record_path, 'text', {lambda x: x.replace('\n', ' ')}, {truncate_string(left=50)}),
+            }),
+        })
+        return entries
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/bpb.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/bpb.py
index 7fe089944..d7bf58b36 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/bpb.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/bpb.py
@@ -1,35 +1,20 @@
-import functools
 import re
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
     clean_html,
     extract_attributes,
-    get_element_text_and_html_by_tag,
-    get_elements_by_class,
     join_nonempty,
     js_to_json,
     mimetype2ext,
     unified_strdate,
     url_or_none,
     urljoin,
-    variadic,
 )
-from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
-
-
-def html_get_element(tag=None, cls=None):
-    assert tag or cls, 'One of tag or class is required'
-
-    if cls:
-        func = functools.partial(get_elements_by_class, cls, tag=tag)
-    else:
-        func = functools.partial(get_element_text_and_html_by_tag, tag)
-
-    def html_get_element_wrapper(html):
-        return variadic(func(html))[0]
-
-    return html_get_element_wrapper
+from ..utils.traversal import (
+    find_element,
+    traverse_obj,
+)
 
 
 class BpbIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -41,12 +26,12 @@ class BpbIE(InfoExtractor):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '297',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'creator': 'Kooperative Berlin',
-            'description': 'md5:f4f75885ba009d3e2b156247a8941ce6',
-            'release_date': '20160115',
+            'creators': ['Kooperative Berlin'],
+            'description': r're:Joachim Gauck, .*\n\nKamera: .*',
+            'release_date': '20150716',
             'series': 'Interview auf dem Geschichtsforum 1989 | 2009',
-            'tags': ['Friedliche Revolution', 'Erinnerungskultur', 'Vergangenheitspolitik', 'DDR 1949 - 1990', 'Freiheitsrecht', 'BStU', 'Deutschland'],
-            'thumbnail': 'https://www.bpb.de/cache/images/7/297_teaser_16x9_1240.jpg?8839D',
+            'tags': [],
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://www\.bpb\.de/cache/images/7/297_teaser_16x9_1240\.jpg.*',
             'title': 'Joachim Gauck zu 1989 und die Erinnerung an die DDR',
             'uploader': 'Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung',
         },
@@ -55,11 +40,12 @@ class BpbIE(InfoExtractor):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '522184',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'creator': 'Institute for Strategic Dialogue Germany gGmbH (ISD)',
+            'creators': ['Institute for Strategic Dialogue Germany gGmbH (ISD)'],
             'description': 'md5:f83c795ff8f825a69456a9e51fc15903',
             'release_date': '20230621',
-            'tags': ['Desinformation', 'Ukraine', 'Russland', 'Geflüchtete'],
-            'thumbnail': 'https://www.bpb.de/cache/images/4/522184_teaser_16x9_1240.png?EABFB',
+            'series': 'Narrative über den Krieg Russlands gegen die Ukraine (NUK)',
+            'tags': [],
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://www\.bpb\.de/cache/images/4/522184_teaser_16x9_1240\.png.*',
             'title': 'md5:9b01ccdbf58dbf9e5c9f6e771a803b1c',
             'uploader': 'Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung',
         },
@@ -68,11 +54,12 @@ class BpbIE(InfoExtractor):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '518789',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'creator': 'Institute for Strategic Dialogue Germany gGmbH (ISD)',
+            'creators': ['Institute for Strategic Dialogue Germany gGmbH (ISD)'],
             'description': 'md5:85228aed433e84ff0ff9bc582abd4ea8',
             'release_date': '20230302',
-            'tags': ['Desinformation', 'Ukraine', 'Russland', 'Geflüchtete'],
-            'thumbnail': 'https://www.bpb.de/cache/images/9/518789_teaser_16x9_1240.jpeg?56D0D',
+            'series': 'Narrative über den Krieg Russlands gegen die Ukraine (NUK)',
+            'tags': [],
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://www\.bpb\.de/cache/images/9/518789_teaser_16x9_1240\.jpeg.*',
             'title': 'md5:3e956f264bb501f6383f10495a401da4',
             'uploader': 'Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung',
         },
@@ -84,12 +71,12 @@ class BpbIE(InfoExtractor):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '315813',
             'ext': 'mp3',
-            'creator': 'Axel Schröder',
+            'creators': ['Axel Schröder'],
             'description': 'md5:eda9d1af34e5912efef5baf54fba4427',
             'release_date': '20200921',
             'series': 'Auf Endlagersuche. Der deutsche Weg zu einem sicheren Atommülllager',
             'tags': ['Atomenergie', 'Endlager', 'hoch-radioaktiver Abfall', 'Endlagersuche', 'Atommüll', 'Atomendlager', 'Gorleben', 'Deutschland'],
-            'thumbnail': 'https://www.bpb.de/cache/images/3/315813_teaser_16x9_1240.png?92A94',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://www\.bpb\.de/cache/images/3/315813_teaser_16x9_1240\.png.*',
             'title': 'Folge 1: Eine Einführung',
             'uploader': 'Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung',
         },
@@ -98,12 +85,12 @@ class BpbIE(InfoExtractor):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '517806',
             'ext': 'mp3',
-            'creator': 'Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung',
+            'creators': ['Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung'],
             'description': 'md5:594689600e919912aade0b2871cc3fed',
             'release_date': '20230127',
             'series': 'Vorträge des Fachtags "Modernisierer. Grenzgänger. Anstifter. Sechs Jahrzehnte \'Neue Rechte\'"',
             'tags': ['Rechtsextremismus', 'Konservatismus', 'Konservativismus', 'neue Rechte', 'Rechtspopulismus', 'Schnellroda', 'Deutschland'],
-            'thumbnail': 'https://www.bpb.de/cache/images/6/517806_teaser_16x9_1240.png?7A7A0',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://www\.bpb\.de/cache/images/6/517806_teaser_16x9_1240\.png.*',
             'title': 'Die Weltanschauung der "Neuen Rechten"',
             'uploader': 'Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung',
         },
@@ -147,7 +134,7 @@ class BpbIE(InfoExtractor):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
 
-        title_result = traverse_obj(webpage, ({html_get_element(cls='opening-header__title')}, {self._TITLE_RE.match}))
+        title_result = traverse_obj(webpage, ({find_element(cls='opening-header__title')}, {self._TITLE_RE.match}))
         json_lds = list(self._yield_json_ld(webpage, video_id, fatal=False))
 
         return {
@@ -156,15 +143,15 @@ class BpbIE(InfoExtractor):
             # This metadata could be interpreted otherwise, but it fits "series" the most
             'series': traverse_obj(title_result, ('series', {str.strip})) or None,
             'description': join_nonempty(*traverse_obj(webpage, [(
-                {html_get_element(cls='opening-intro')},
-                [{html_get_element(tag='bpb-accordion-item')}, {html_get_element(cls='text-content')}],
+                {find_element(cls='opening-intro')},
+                [{find_element(tag='bpb-accordion-item')}, {find_element(cls='text-content')}],
             ), {clean_html}]), delim='\n\n') or None,
-            'creator': self._html_search_meta('author', webpage),
+            'creators': traverse_obj(self._html_search_meta('author', webpage), all),
             'uploader': self._html_search_meta('publisher', webpage),
             'release_date': unified_strdate(self._html_search_meta('date', webpage)),
             'tags': traverse_obj(json_lds, (..., 'keywords', {lambda x: x.split(',')}, ...)),
             **traverse_obj(self._parse_vue_attributes('bpb-player', webpage, video_id), {
                 'formats': (':sources', ..., {self._process_source}),
-                'thumbnail': ('poster', {lambda x: urljoin(url, x)}),
+                'thumbnail': ('poster', {urljoin(url)}),
             }),
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/bravotv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/bravotv.py
index ec72f0d88..0b2c44798 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/bravotv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/bravotv.py
@@ -145,10 +145,9 @@ class BravoTVIE(AdobePassIE):
         tp_metadata = self._download_json(
             update_url_query(tp_url, {'format': 'preview'}), video_id, fatal=False)
 
-        seconds_or_none = lambda x: float_or_none(x, 1000)
         chapters = traverse_obj(tp_metadata, ('chapters', ..., {
-            'start_time': ('startTime', {seconds_or_none}),
-            'end_time': ('endTime', {seconds_or_none}),
+            'start_time': ('startTime', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
+            'end_time': ('endTime', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
         }))
         # prune pointless single chapters that span the entire duration from short videos
         if len(chapters) == 1 and not traverse_obj(chapters, (0, 'end_time')):
@@ -168,8 +167,8 @@ class BravoTVIE(AdobePassIE):
             **merge_dicts(traverse_obj(tp_metadata, {
                 'title': 'title',
                 'description': 'description',
-                'duration': ('duration', {seconds_or_none}),
-                'timestamp': ('pubDate', {seconds_or_none}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
+                'timestamp': ('pubDate', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'season_number': (('pl1$seasonNumber', 'nbcu$seasonNumber'), {int_or_none}),
                 'episode_number': (('pl1$episodeNumber', 'nbcu$episodeNumber'), {int_or_none}),
                 'series': (('pl1$show', 'nbcu$show'), (None, ...), {str}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/bundestag.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/bundestag.py
index 71f772665..3dacbbd24 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/bundestag.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/bundestag.py
@@ -8,11 +8,13 @@ from ..utils import (
     bug_reports_message,
     clean_html,
     format_field,
-    get_element_text_and_html_by_tag,
     int_or_none,
     url_or_none,
 )
-from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+from ..utils.traversal import (
+    find_element,
+    traverse_obj,
+)
 
 
 class BundestagIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -115,9 +117,8 @@ class BundestagIE(InfoExtractor):
             note='Downloading metadata overlay', fatal=False,
         ), {
             'title': (
-                {functools.partial(get_element_text_and_html_by_tag, 'h3')}, 0,
-                {functools.partial(re.sub, r'<span[^>]*>[^<]+</span>', '')}, {clean_html}),
-            'description': ({functools.partial(get_element_text_and_html_by_tag, 'p')}, 0, {clean_html}),
+                {find_element(tag='h3')}, {functools.partial(re.sub, r'<span[^>]*>[^<]+</span>', '')}, {clean_html}),
+            'description': ({find_element(tag='p')}, {clean_html}),
         }))
 
         return result
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/caffeinetv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/caffeinetv.py
index aa107f858..ea5134d2f 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/caffeinetv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/caffeinetv.py
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ class CaffeineTVIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'like_count': ('like_count', {int_or_none}),
                 'view_count': ('view_count', {int_or_none}),
                 'comment_count': ('comment_count', {int_or_none}),
-                'tags': ('tags', ..., {str}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'tags': ('tags', ..., {str}, filter),
                 'uploader': ('user', 'name', {str}),
                 'uploader_id': (((None, 'user'), 'username'), {str}, any),
                 'is_live': ('is_live', {bool}),
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ class CaffeineTVIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'title': ('broadcast_title', {str}),
                 'duration': ('content_duration', {int_or_none}),
                 'timestamp': ('broadcast_start_time', {parse_iso8601}),
-                'thumbnail': ('preview_image_path', {lambda x: urljoin(url, x)}),
+                'thumbnail': ('preview_image_path', {urljoin(url)}),
             }),
             'age_limit': {
                 # assume Apple Store ratings: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_software_content_rating_system
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/callin.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/callin.py
index b7061a7d1..ee2e56f8e 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/callin.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/callin.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ from ..utils import float_or_none, int_or_none, make_archive_id, traverse_obj
 
 
 class CallinIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?callin\.com/(episode)/(?P<id>[-a-zA-Z]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?callin\.com/episode/(?P<id>[-a-zA-Z]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.callin.com/episode/the-title-ix-regime-and-the-long-march-through-EBfXYSrsjc',
         'info_dict': {
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/cbc.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/cbc.py
index 373c9d2c9..c0cf3da3d 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/cbc.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/cbc.py
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import json
 import re
 import time
 import urllib.parse
-import xml.etree.ElementTree
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..networking import HEADRequest
@@ -12,7 +11,6 @@ from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     float_or_none,
     int_or_none,
-    join_nonempty,
     js_to_json,
     mimetype2ext,
     orderedSet,
@@ -455,8 +453,8 @@ class CBCPlayerIE(InfoExtractor):
 
         chapters = traverse_obj(data, (
             'media', 'chapters', lambda _, v: float(v['startTime']) is not None, {
-                'start_time': ('startTime', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
-                'end_time': ('endTime', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                'start_time': ('startTime', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
+                'end_time': ('endTime', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'title': ('name', {str}),
             }))
         # Filter out pointless single chapters with start_time==0 and no end_time
@@ -467,8 +465,8 @@ class CBCPlayerIE(InfoExtractor):
             **traverse_obj(data, {
                 'title': ('title', {str}),
                 'description': ('description', {str.strip}),
-                'thumbnail': ('image', 'url', {url_or_none}, {functools.partial(update_url, query=None)}),
-                'timestamp': ('publishedAt', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                'thumbnail': ('image', 'url', {url_or_none}, {update_url(query=None)}),
+                'timestamp': ('publishedAt', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'media_type': ('media', 'clipType', {str}),
                 'series': ('showName', {str}),
                 'season_number': ('media', 'season', {int_or_none}),
@@ -524,14 +522,13 @@ class CBCGemIE(InfoExtractor):
     _TESTS = [{
         # This is a normal, public, TV show video
         'url': 'https://gem.cbc.ca/media/schitts-creek/s06e01',
-        'md5': '93dbb31c74a8e45b378cf13bd3f6f11e',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'schitts-creek/s06e01',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'Smoke Signals',
             'description': 'md5:929868d20021c924020641769eb3e7f1',
-            'thumbnail': 'https://images.radio-canada.ca/v1/synps-cbc/episode/perso/cbc_schitts_creek_season_06e01_thumbnail_v01.jpg?im=Resize=(Size)',
-            'duration': 1314,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://images\.radio-canada\.ca/[^#?]+/cbc_schitts_creek_season_06e01_thumbnail_v01\.jpg',
+            'duration': 1324,
             'categories': ['comedy'],
             'series': 'Schitt\'s Creek',
             'season': 'Season 6',
@@ -539,19 +536,21 @@ class CBCGemIE(InfoExtractor):
             'episode': 'Smoke Signals',
             'episode_number': 1,
             'episode_id': 'schitts-creek/s06e01',
+            'upload_date': '20210618',
+            'timestamp': 1623988800,
+            'release_date': '20200107',
+            'release_timestamp': 1578427200,
         },
         'params': {'format': 'bv'},
-        'skip': 'Geo-restricted to Canada',
     }, {
         # This video requires an account in the browser, but works fine in yt-dlp
         'url': 'https://gem.cbc.ca/media/schitts-creek/s01e01',
-        'md5': '297a9600f554f2258aed01514226a697',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'schitts-creek/s01e01',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'The Cup Runneth Over',
             'description': 'md5:9bca14ea49ab808097530eb05a29e797',
-            'thumbnail': 'https://images.radio-canada.ca/v1/synps-cbc/episode/perso/cbc_schitts_creek_season_01e01_thumbnail_v01.jpg?im=Resize=(Size)',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://images\.radio-canada\.ca/[^#?]+/cbc_schitts_creek_season_01e01_thumbnail_v01\.jpg',
             'series': 'Schitt\'s Creek',
             'season_number': 1,
             'season': 'Season 1',
@@ -560,9 +559,12 @@ class CBCGemIE(InfoExtractor):
             'episode_id': 'schitts-creek/s01e01',
             'duration': 1309,
             'categories': ['comedy'],
+            'upload_date': '20210617',
+            'timestamp': 1623902400,
+            'release_date': '20151124',
+            'release_timestamp': 1448323200,
         },
         'params': {'format': 'bv'},
-        'skip': 'Geo-restricted to Canada',
     }, {
         'url': 'https://gem.cbc.ca/nadiyas-family-favourites/s01e01',
         'only_matching': True,
@@ -631,38 +633,6 @@ class CBCGemIE(InfoExtractor):
             return
         self._claims_token = self.cache.load(self._NETRC_MACHINE, 'claims_token')
 
-    def _find_secret_formats(self, formats, video_id):
-        """ Find a valid video url and convert it to the secret variant """
-        base_format = next((f for f in formats if f.get('vcodec') != 'none'), None)
-        if not base_format:
-            return
-
-        base_url = re.sub(r'(Manifest\(.*?),filter=[\w-]+(.*?\))', r'\1\2', base_format['url'])
-        url = re.sub(r'(Manifest\(.*?),format=[\w-]+(.*?\))', r'\1\2', base_url)
-
-        secret_xml = self._download_xml(url, video_id, note='Downloading secret XML', fatal=False)
-        if not isinstance(secret_xml, xml.etree.ElementTree.Element):
-            return
-
-        for child in secret_xml:
-            if child.attrib.get('Type') != 'video':
-                continue
-            for video_quality in child:
-                bitrate = int_or_none(video_quality.attrib.get('Bitrate'))
-                if not bitrate or 'Index' not in video_quality.attrib:
-                    continue
-                height = int_or_none(video_quality.attrib.get('MaxHeight'))
-
-                yield {
-                    **base_format,
-                    'format_id': join_nonempty('sec', height),
-                    # Note: \g<1> is necessary instead of \1 since bitrate is a number
-                    'url': re.sub(r'(QualityLevels\()\d+(\))', fr'\g<1>{bitrate}\2', base_url),
-                    'width': int_or_none(video_quality.attrib.get('MaxWidth')),
-                    'tbr': bitrate / 1000.0,
-                    'height': height,
-                }
-
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
         video_info = self._download_json(
@@ -676,7 +646,6 @@ class CBCGemIE(InfoExtractor):
         else:
             headers = {}
         m3u8_info = self._download_json(video_info['playSession']['url'], video_id, headers=headers)
-        m3u8_url = m3u8_info.get('url')
 
         if m3u8_info.get('errorCode') == 1:
             self.raise_geo_restricted(countries=['CA'])
@@ -685,9 +654,9 @@ class CBCGemIE(InfoExtractor):
         elif m3u8_info.get('errorCode') != 0:
             raise ExtractorError(f'{self.IE_NAME} said: {m3u8_info.get("errorCode")} - {m3u8_info.get("message")}')
 
-        formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(m3u8_url, video_id, m3u8_id='hls')
+        formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
+            m3u8_info['url'], video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', query={'manifestType': ''})
         self._remove_duplicate_formats(formats)
-        formats.extend(self._find_secret_formats(formats, video_id))
 
         for fmt in formats:
             if fmt.get('vcodec') == 'none':
@@ -703,20 +672,21 @@ class CBCGemIE(InfoExtractor):
 
         return {
             'id': video_id,
-            'title': video_info['title'],
-            'description': video_info.get('description'),
-            'thumbnail': video_info.get('image'),
-            'series': video_info.get('series'),
-            'season_number': video_info.get('season'),
-            'season': f'Season {video_info.get("season")}',
-            'episode_number': video_info.get('episode'),
-            'episode': video_info.get('title'),
             'episode_id': video_id,
-            'duration': video_info.get('duration'),
-            'categories': [video_info.get('category')],
             'formats': formats,
-            'release_timestamp': video_info.get('airDate'),
-            'timestamp': video_info.get('availableDate'),
+            **traverse_obj(video_info, {
+                'title': ('title', {str}),
+                'episode': ('title', {str}),
+                'description': ('description', {str}),
+                'thumbnail': ('image', {url_or_none}),
+                'series': ('series', {str}),
+                'season_number': ('season', {int_or_none}),
+                'episode_number': ('episode', {int_or_none}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none}),
+                'categories': ('category', {str}, all),
+                'release_timestamp': ('airDate', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
+                'timestamp': ('availableDate', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
+            }),
         }
 
 
@@ -806,11 +776,11 @@ class CBCGemLiveIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'title': 'Ottawa',
                 'description': 'The live TV channel and local programming from Ottawa',
                 'thumbnail': 'https://thumbnails.cbc.ca/maven_legacy/thumbnails/CBC_OTT_VMS/Live_Channel_Static_Images/Ottawa_2880x1620.jpg',
-                'is_live': True,
+                'live_status': 'is_live',
                 'id': 'AyqZwxRqh8EH',
                 'ext': 'mp4',
-                'timestamp': 1492106160,
-                'upload_date': '20170413',
+                'release_timestamp': 1492106160,
+                'release_date': '20170413',
                 'uploader': 'CBCC-NEW',
             },
             'skip': 'Live might have ended',
@@ -839,49 +809,84 @@ class CBCGemLiveIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'description': 'March 24, 2023 | President Biden’s Ottawa visit ends with big pledges from both countries. Plus, Gwyneth Paltrow testifies in her ski collision trial.',
                 'live_status': 'is_live',
                 'thumbnail': r're:https://images.gem.cbc.ca/v1/cbc-gem/live/.*',
-                'timestamp': 1679706000,
-                'upload_date': '20230325',
+                'release_timestamp': 1679706000,
+                'release_date': '20230325',
             },
             'params': {'skip_download': True},
             'skip': 'Live might have ended',
         },
+        {   # event replay (medianetlive)
+            'url': 'https://gem.cbc.ca/live-event/42314',
+            'md5': '297a9600f554f2258aed01514226a697',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '42314',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'live_status': 'was_live',
+                'title': 'Women\'s Soccer - Canada vs New Zealand',
+                'description': 'md5:36200e5f1a70982277b5a6ecea86155d',
+                'thumbnail': r're:https://.+default\.jpg',
+                'release_timestamp': 1721917200,
+                'release_date': '20240725',
+            },
+            'params': {'skip_download': True},
+            'skip': 'Replay might no longer be available',
+        },
+        {   # event replay (medianetlive)
+            'url': 'https://gem.cbc.ca/live-event/43273',
+            'only_matching': True,
+        },
     ]
+    _GEO_COUNTRIES = ['CA']
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
         video_info = self._search_nextjs_data(webpage, video_id)['props']['pageProps']['data']
 
-        # Two types of metadata JSON
+        # Three types of video_info JSON: info in root, freeTv stream/item, event replay
         if not video_info.get('formattedIdMedia'):
-            video_info = traverse_obj(
-                video_info, (('freeTv', ('streams', ...)), 'items', lambda _, v: v['key'] == video_id, {dict}),
-                get_all=False, default={})
+            if traverse_obj(video_info, ('event', 'key')) == video_id:
+                video_info = video_info['event']
+            else:
+                video_info = traverse_obj(video_info, (
+                    ('freeTv', ('streams', ...)), 'items',
+                    lambda _, v: v['key'].partition('-')[0] == video_id, any)) or {}
 
         video_stream_id = video_info.get('formattedIdMedia')
         if not video_stream_id:
-            raise ExtractorError('Couldn\'t find video metadata, maybe this livestream is now offline', expected=True)
+            raise ExtractorError(
+                'Couldn\'t find video metadata, maybe this livestream is now offline', expected=True)
 
-        stream_data = self._download_json(
-            'https://services.radio-canada.ca/media/validation/v2/', video_id, query={
-                'appCode': 'mpx',
-                'connectionType': 'hd',
-                'deviceType': 'ipad',
-                'idMedia': video_stream_id,
-                'multibitrate': 'true',
-                'output': 'json',
-                'tech': 'hls',
-                'manifestType': 'desktop',
-            })
+        live_status = 'was_live' if video_info.get('isVodEnabled') else 'is_live'
+        release_timestamp = traverse_obj(video_info, ('airDate', {parse_iso8601}))
+
+        if live_status == 'is_live' and release_timestamp and release_timestamp > time.time():
+            formats = []
+            live_status = 'is_upcoming'
+            self.raise_no_formats('This livestream has not yet started', expected=True)
+        else:
+            stream_data = self._download_json(
+                'https://services.radio-canada.ca/media/validation/v2/', video_id, query={
+                    'appCode': 'medianetlive',
+                    'connectionType': 'hd',
+                    'deviceType': 'ipad',
+                    'idMedia': video_stream_id,
+                    'multibitrate': 'true',
+                    'output': 'json',
+                    'tech': 'hls',
+                    'manifestType': 'desktop',
+                })
+            formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
+                stream_data['url'], video_id, 'mp4', live=live_status == 'is_live')
 
         return {
             'id': video_id,
-            'formats': self._extract_m3u8_formats(stream_data['url'], video_id, 'mp4', live=True),
-            'is_live': True,
+            'formats': formats,
+            'live_status': live_status,
+            'release_timestamp': release_timestamp,
             **traverse_obj(video_info, {
-                'title': 'title',
-                'description': 'description',
+                'title': ('title', {str}),
+                'description': ('description', {str}),
                 'thumbnail': ('images', 'card', 'url'),
-                'timestamp': ('airDate', {parse_iso8601}),
             }),
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/cbsnews.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/cbsnews.py
index 972e11119..b01c0efd5 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/cbsnews.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/cbsnews.py
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ class CBSNewsBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
             **traverse_obj(item, {
                 'title': (None, ('fulltitle', 'title')),
                 'description': 'dek',
-                'timestamp': ('timestamp', {lambda x: float_or_none(x, 1000)}),
+                'timestamp': ('timestamp', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'duration': ('duration', {float_or_none}),
                 'subtitles': ('captions', {get_subtitles}),
                 'thumbnail': ('images', ('hd', 'sd'), {url_or_none}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/ccma.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/ccma.py
index ffe4b49c1..7014c208d 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/ccma.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/ccma.py
@@ -12,53 +12,86 @@ from ..utils import (
 
 
 class CCMAIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?ccma\.cat/(?:[^/]+/)*?(?P<type>video|audio)/(?P<id>\d+)'
+    IE_DESC = '3Cat, TV3 and Catalunya Ràdio'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?3cat\.cat/(?:3cat|tv3/sx3)/[^/?#]+/(?P<type>video|audio)/(?P<id>\d+)'
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'http://www.ccma.cat/tv3/alacarta/lespot-de-la-marato-de-tv3/lespot-de-la-marato-de-tv3/video/5630208/',
+        # ccma.cat/tv3/alacarta/ URLs redirect to 3cat.cat/3cat/
+        'url': 'https://www.3cat.cat/3cat/lespot-de-la-marato-de-tv3/video/5630208/',
         'md5': '7296ca43977c8ea4469e719c609b0871',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '5630208',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'L\'espot de La Marató de TV3',
+            'title': 'L\'espot de La Marató 2016: Ictus i les lesions medul·lars i cerebrals traumàtiques',
             'description': 'md5:f12987f320e2f6e988e9908e4fe97765',
             'timestamp': 1478608140,
             'upload_date': '20161108',
             'age_limit': 0,
+            'alt_title': 'EsportMarató2016WEB_PerPublicar',
+            'duration': 79,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://img.3cat.cat/multimedia/jpg/4/6/1478536106664.jpg',
+            'series': 'Dedicada a l\'ictus i les lesions medul·lars i cerebrals traumàtiques',
+            'categories': ['Divulgació'],
         },
     }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.ccma.cat/catradio/alacarta/programa/el-consell-de-savis-analitza-el-derbi/audio/943685/',
+        # ccma.cat/catradio/alacarta/ URLs redirect to 3cat.cat/3cat/
+        'url': 'https://www.3cat.cat/3cat/el-consell-de-savis-analitza-el-derbi/audio/943685/',
         'md5': 'fa3e38f269329a278271276330261425',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '943685',
             'ext': 'mp3',
             'title': 'El Consell de Savis analitza el derbi',
             'description': 'md5:e2a3648145f3241cb9c6b4b624033e53',
-            'upload_date': '20170512',
-            'timestamp': 1494622500,
+            'upload_date': '20161217',
+            'timestamp': 1482011700,
             'vcodec': 'none',
             'categories': ['Esports'],
+            'series': 'Tot gira',
+            'duration': 821,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://img.3cat.cat/multimedia/jpg/8/9/1482002602598.jpg',
         },
     }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.ccma.cat/tv3/alacarta/crims/crims-josep-tallada-lespereu-me-capitol-1/video/6031387/',
-        'md5': 'b43c3d3486f430f3032b5b160d80cbc3',
+        'url': 'https://www.3cat.cat/3cat/crims-josep-tallada-lespereu-me-part-1/video/6031387/',
+        'md5': '27493513d08a3e5605814aee9bb778d2',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '6031387',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Crims - Josep Talleda, l\'"Espereu-me" (capítol 1)',
+            'title': 'T1xC5 - Josep Talleda, l\'"Espereu-me" (part 1)',
             'description': 'md5:7cbdafb640da9d0d2c0f62bad1e74e60',
-            'timestamp': 1582577700,
+            'timestamp': 1582577919,
             'upload_date': '20200224',
-            'subtitles': 'mincount:4',
-            'age_limit': 16,
+            'subtitles': 'mincount:1',
+            'age_limit': 13,
             'series': 'Crims',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://img.3cat.cat/multimedia/jpg/1/9/1582564376991.jpg',
+            'duration': 3203,
+            'categories': ['Divulgació'],
+            'alt_title': 'Crims - 5 - Josep Talleda, l\'"Espereu-me" (1a part) - Josep Talleda, l\'"Espereu-me" (part 1)',
+            'episode_number': 5,
+            'episode': 'Episode 5',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.3cat.cat/tv3/sx3/una-mosca-volava-per-la-llum/video/5759227/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '5759227',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Una mosca volava per la llum',
+            'alt_title': '17Z004Ç UNA MOSCA VOLAVA PER LA LLUM',
+            'description': 'md5:9ab64276944b0825336f4147f13f7854',
+            'series': 'Mic',
+            'upload_date': '20180411',
+            'timestamp': 1523440105,
+            'duration': 160,
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://img.3cat.cat/multimedia/jpg/6/1/1524071667216.jpg',
+            'categories': ['Música'],
         },
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        media_type, media_id = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
+        media_type, media_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('type', 'id')
 
         media = self._download_json(
-            'http://dinamics.ccma.cat/pvideo/media.jsp', media_id, query={
+            'http://api-media.3cat.cat/pvideo/media.jsp', media_id, query={
                 'media': media_type,
                 'idint': media_id,
                 'format': 'dm',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/cda.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/cda.py
index 62ee8b17f..b2738e492 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/cda.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/cda.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..compat import compat_ord
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
+    OnDemandPagedList,
     float_or_none,
     int_or_none,
     merge_dicts,
@@ -351,3 +352,50 @@ class CDAIE(InfoExtractor):
             extract_format(webpage, resolution)
 
         return merge_dicts(info_dict, info)
+
+
+class CDAFolderIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _MAX_PAGE_SIZE = 36
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?cda\.pl/(?P<channel>\w+)/folder/(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _TESTS = [
+        {
+            'url': 'https://www.cda.pl/domino264/folder/31188385',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '31188385',
+                'title': 'SERIA DRUGA',
+            },
+            'playlist_mincount': 13,
+        },
+        {
+            'url': 'https://www.cda.pl/smiechawaTV/folder/2664592/vfilm',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '2664592',
+                'title': 'VideoDowcipy - wszystkie odcinki',
+            },
+            'playlist_mincount': 71,
+        },
+        {
+            'url': 'https://www.cda.pl/DeliciousBeauty/folder/19129979/vfilm',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '19129979',
+                'title': 'TESTY KOSMETYKÓW',
+            },
+            'playlist_mincount': 139,
+        }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        folder_id, channel = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'channel')
+
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, folder_id)
+
+        def extract_page_entries(page):
+            webpage = self._download_webpage(
+                f'https://www.cda.pl/{channel}/folder/{folder_id}/vfilm/{page + 1}', folder_id,
+                f'Downloading page {page + 1}', expected_status=404)
+            items = re.findall(r'<a[^>]+href="/video/([0-9a-z]+)"', webpage)
+            for video_id in items:
+                yield self.url_result(f'https://www.cda.pl/video/{video_id}', CDAIE, video_id)
+
+        return self.playlist_result(
+            OnDemandPagedList(extract_page_entries, self._MAX_PAGE_SIZE),
+            folder_id, self._og_search_title(webpage))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/chaturbate.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/chaturbate.py
index b49f741ef..d031d3985 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/chaturbate.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/chaturbate.py
@@ -5,11 +5,12 @@ from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     lowercase_escape,
     url_or_none,
+    urlencode_postdata,
 )
 
 
 class ChaturbateIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:[^/]+\.)?chaturbate\.com/(?:fullvideo/?\?.*?\bb=)?(?P<id>[^/?&#]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:[^/]+\.)?chaturbate\.(?P<tld>com|eu|global)/(?:fullvideo/?\?.*?\bb=)?(?P<id>[^/?&#]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.chaturbate.com/siswet19/',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -29,16 +30,58 @@ class ChaturbateIE(InfoExtractor):
     }, {
         'url': 'https://en.chaturbate.com/siswet19/',
         'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://chaturbate.eu/siswet19/',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://chaturbate.eu/fullvideo/?b=caylin',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://chaturbate.global/siswet19/',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
-    _ROOM_OFFLINE = 'Room is currently offline'
+    _ERROR_MAP = {
+        'offline': 'Room is currently offline',
+        'private': 'Room is currently in a private show',
+        'away': 'Performer is currently away',
+        'password protected': 'Room is password protected',
+        'hidden': 'Hidden session in progress',
+    }
 
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+    def _extract_from_api(self, video_id, tld):
+        response = self._download_json(
+            f'https://chaturbate.{tld}/get_edge_hls_url_ajax/', video_id,
+            data=urlencode_postdata({'room_slug': video_id}),
+            headers={
+                **self.geo_verification_headers(),
+                'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest',
+                'Accept': 'application/json',
+            }, fatal=False, impersonate=True) or {}
 
+        m3u8_url = response.get('url')
+        if not m3u8_url:
+            status = response.get('room_status')
+            if error := self._ERROR_MAP.get(status):
+                raise ExtractorError(error, expected=True)
+            if status == 'public':
+                self.raise_geo_restricted()
+            self.report_warning(f'Got status "{status}" from API; falling back to webpage extraction')
+            return None
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'title': video_id,
+            'thumbnail': f'https://roomimg.stream.highwebmedia.com/ri/{video_id}.jpg',
+            'is_live': True,
+            'age_limit': 18,
+            'formats': self._extract_m3u8_formats(m3u8_url, video_id, ext='mp4', live=True),
+        }
+
+    def _extract_from_html(self, video_id, tld):
         webpage = self._download_webpage(
-            f'https://chaturbate.com/{video_id}/', video_id,
-            headers=self.geo_verification_headers())
+            f'https://chaturbate.{tld}/{video_id}/', video_id,
+            headers=self.geo_verification_headers(), impersonate=True)
 
         found_m3u8_urls = []
 
@@ -76,8 +119,8 @@ class ChaturbateIE(InfoExtractor):
                 webpage, 'error', group='error', default=None)
             if not error:
                 if any(p in webpage for p in (
-                        self._ROOM_OFFLINE, 'offline_tipping', 'tip_offline')):
-                    error = self._ROOM_OFFLINE
+                        self._ERROR_MAP['offline'], 'offline_tipping', 'tip_offline')):
+                    error = self._ERROR_MAP['offline']
             if error:
                 raise ExtractorError(error, expected=True)
             raise ExtractorError('Unable to find stream URL')
@@ -104,3 +147,7 @@ class ChaturbateIE(InfoExtractor):
             'is_live': True,
             'formats': formats,
         }
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id, tld = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'tld')
+        return self._extract_from_api(video_id, tld) or self._extract_from_html(video_id, tld)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/chzzk.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/chzzk.py
index e0b9980af..aec77ac45 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/chzzk.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/chzzk.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-import functools
-
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
     UserNotLive,
@@ -77,7 +75,7 @@ class CHZZKLiveIE(InfoExtractor):
             'thumbnails': thumbnails,
             **traverse_obj(live_detail, {
                 'title': ('liveTitle', {str}),
-                'timestamp': ('openDate', {functools.partial(parse_iso8601, delimiter=' ')}),
+                'timestamp': ('openDate', {parse_iso8601(delimiter=' ')}),
                 'concurrent_view_count': ('concurrentUserCount', {int_or_none}),
                 'view_count': ('accumulateCount', {int_or_none}),
                 'channel': ('channel', 'channelName', {str}),
@@ -146,23 +144,37 @@ class CHZZKVideoIE(InfoExtractor):
         video_meta = self._download_json(
             f'https://api.chzzk.naver.com/service/v3/videos/{video_id}', video_id,
             note='Downloading video info', errnote='Unable to download video info')['content']
-        formats, subtitles = self._extract_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(
-            f'https://apis.naver.com/neonplayer/vodplay/v1/playback/{video_meta["videoId"]}', video_id,
-            query={
-                'key': video_meta['inKey'],
-                'env': 'real',
-                'lc': 'en_US',
-                'cpl': 'en_US',
-            }, note='Downloading video playback', errnote='Unable to download video playback')
+
+        live_status = 'was_live' if video_meta.get('liveOpenDate') else 'not_live'
+        video_status = video_meta.get('vodStatus')
+        if video_status == 'UPLOAD':
+            playback = self._parse_json(video_meta['liveRewindPlaybackJson'], video_id)
+            formats, subtitles = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                playback['media'][0]['path'], video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls')
+        elif video_status == 'ABR_HLS':
+            formats, subtitles = self._extract_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(
+                f'https://apis.naver.com/neonplayer/vodplay/v1/playback/{video_meta["videoId"]}',
+                video_id, query={
+                    'key': video_meta['inKey'],
+                    'env': 'real',
+                    'lc': 'en_US',
+                    'cpl': 'en_US',
+                })
+        else:
+            self.raise_no_formats(
+                f'Unknown video status detected: "{video_status}"', expected=True, video_id=video_id)
+            formats, subtitles = [], {}
+            live_status = 'post_live' if live_status == 'was_live' else None
 
         return {
             'id': video_id,
             'formats': formats,
             'subtitles': subtitles,
+            'live_status': live_status,
             **traverse_obj(video_meta, {
                 'title': ('videoTitle', {str}),
                 'thumbnail': ('thumbnailImageUrl', {url_or_none}),
-                'timestamp': ('publishDateAt', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                'timestamp': ('publishDateAt', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'view_count': ('readCount', {int_or_none}),
                 'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none}),
                 'channel': ('channel', 'channelName', {str}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/cineverse.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/cineverse.py
index c8c6c48c2..124c874e2 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/cineverse.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/cineverse.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import re
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
     filter_dict,
+    float_or_none,
     int_or_none,
     parse_age_limit,
     smuggle_url,
@@ -85,7 +86,7 @@ class CineverseIE(CineverseBaseIE):
                 'title': 'title',
                 'id': ('details', 'item_id'),
                 'description': ('details', 'description'),
-                'duration': ('duration', {lambda x: x / 1000}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'cast': ('details', 'cast', {lambda x: x.split(', ')}),
                 'modified_timestamp': ('details', 'updated_by', 0, 'update_time', 'time', {int_or_none}),
                 'season_number': ('details', 'season', {int_or_none}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/cloudflarestream.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/cloudflarestream.py
index 8a409461a..9e9e89a80 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/cloudflarestream.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/cloudflarestream.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ class CloudflareStreamIE(InfoExtractor):
     _DOMAIN_RE = r'(?:cloudflarestream\.com|(?:videodelivery|bytehighway)\.net)'
     _EMBED_RE = rf'(?:embed\.|{_SUBDOMAIN_RE}){_DOMAIN_RE}/embed/[^/?#]+\.js\?(?:[^#]+&)?video='
     _ID_RE = r'[\da-f]{32}|eyJ[\w-]+\.[\w-]+\.[\w-]+'
-    _VALID_URL = rf'https?://(?:{_SUBDOMAIN_RE}{_DOMAIN_RE}/|{_EMBED_RE})(?P<id>{_ID_RE})'
+    _VALID_URL = rf'https?://(?:{_SUBDOMAIN_RE}(?P<domain>{_DOMAIN_RE})/|{_EMBED_RE})(?P<id>{_ID_RE})'
     _EMBED_REGEX = [
         rf'<script[^>]+\bsrc=(["\'])(?P<url>(?:https?:)?//{_EMBED_RE}(?:{_ID_RE})(?:(?!\1).)*)\1',
         rf'<iframe[^>]+\bsrc=["\'](?P<url>https?://{_SUBDOMAIN_RE}{_DOMAIN_RE}/[\da-f]{{32}})',
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ class CloudflareStreamIE(InfoExtractor):
             'id': '31c9291ab41fac05471db4e73aa11717',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': '31c9291ab41fac05471db4e73aa11717',
-            'thumbnail': 'https://videodelivery.net/31c9291ab41fac05471db4e73aa11717/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://cloudflarestream.com/31c9291ab41fac05471db4e73aa11717/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg',
         },
         'params': {
             'skip_download': 'm3u8',
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ class CloudflareStreamIE(InfoExtractor):
             'id': '0e8e040aec776862e1d632a699edf59e',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': '0e8e040aec776862e1d632a699edf59e',
-            'thumbnail': 'https://videodelivery.net/0e8e040aec776862e1d632a699edf59e/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://cloudflarestream.com/0e8e040aec776862e1d632a699edf59e/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg',
         },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://watch.cloudflarestream.com/9df17203414fd1db3e3ed74abbe936c1',
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ class CloudflareStreamIE(InfoExtractor):
             'id': 'eaef9dea5159cf968be84241b5cedfe7',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'eaef9dea5159cf968be84241b5cedfe7',
-            'thumbnail': 'https://videodelivery.net/eaef9dea5159cf968be84241b5cedfe7/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://cloudflarestream.com/eaef9dea5159cf968be84241b5cedfe7/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg',
         },
         'params': {
             'skip_download': 'm3u8',
@@ -62,8 +62,9 @@ class CloudflareStreamIE(InfoExtractor):
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        video_id = self._match_id(url)
-        domain = 'bytehighway.net' if 'bytehighway.net/' in url else 'videodelivery.net'
+        video_id, domain = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'domain')
+        if domain != 'bytehighway.net':
+            domain = 'cloudflarestream.com'
         base_url = f'https://{domain}/{video_id}/'
         if '.' in video_id:
             video_id = self._parse_json(base64.urlsafe_b64decode(
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/cnn.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/cnn.py
index fe7615a89..8148762c5 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/cnn.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/cnn.py
@@ -1,146 +1,225 @@
+import json
+import re
+
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from .turner import TurnerBaseIE
-from ..utils import merge_dicts, try_call, url_basename
+from ..utils import (
+    clean_html,
+    extract_attributes,
+    int_or_none,
+    merge_dicts,
+    parse_duration,
+    parse_iso8601,
+    parse_resolution,
+    try_call,
+    update_url,
+    url_or_none,
+)
+from ..utils.traversal import find_elements, traverse_obj
 
 
-class CNNIE(TurnerBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)https?://(?:(?P<sub_domain>edition|www|money)\.)?cnn\.com/(?:video/(?:data/.+?|\?)/)?videos?/
-        (?P<path>.+?/(?P<title>[^/]+?)(?:\.(?:[a-z\-]+)|(?=&)))'''
+class CNNIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:(?:edition|www|money|cnnespanol)\.)?cnn\.com/(?!audio/)(?P<display_id>[^?#]+?)(?:[?#]|$|/index\.html)'
 
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'http://edition.cnn.com/video/?/video/sports/2013/06/09/nadal-1-on-1.cnn',
-        'md5': '3e6121ea48df7e2259fe73a0628605c4',
+        'url': 'https://www.cnn.com/2024/05/31/sport/video/jadon-sancho-borussia-dortmund-champions-league-exclusive-spt-intl',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'sports/2013/06/09/nadal-1-on-1.cnn',
+            'id': 'med0e97ad0d154f56e29aa96e57192a14226734b6b',
+            'display_id': '2024/05/31/sport/video/jadon-sancho-borussia-dortmund-champions-league-exclusive-spt-intl',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Nadal wins 8th French Open title',
-            'description': 'World Sport\'s Amanda Davies chats with 2013 French Open champion Rafael Nadal.',
-            'duration': 135,
-            'upload_date': '20130609',
+            'upload_date': '20240531',
+            'description': 'md5:844bcdb0629e1877a7a466c913f4c19c',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://media.cnn.com/api/v1/images/stellar/prod/gettyimages-2151936122.jpg?c=original',
+            'duration': 373.0,
+            'timestamp': 1717148586,
+            'title': 'Borussia Dortmund star Jadon Sancho seeks Wembley redemption after 2020 Euros hurt',
+            'modified_date': '20240531',
+            'modified_timestamp': 1717150140,
         },
-        'expected_warnings': ['Failed to download m3u8 information'],
     }, {
-        'url': 'http://edition.cnn.com/video/?/video/us/2013/08/21/sot-student-gives-epic-speech.georgia-institute-of-technology&utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+rss%2Fcnn_topstories+%28RSS%3A+Top+Stories%29',
-        'md5': 'b5cc60c60a3477d185af8f19a2a26f4e',
+        'url': 'https://edition.cnn.com/2024/06/11/politics/video/inmates-vote-jail-nevada-murray-dnt-ac360-digvid',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'us/2013/08/21/sot-student-gives-epic-speech.georgia-institute-of-technology',
+            'id': 'me522945c4709b299e5cb8657900a7a21ad3b559f9',
+            'display_id': '2024/06/11/politics/video/inmates-vote-jail-nevada-murray-dnt-ac360-digvid',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': "Student's epic speech stuns new freshmen",
-            'description': 'A Georgia Tech student welcomes the incoming freshmen with an epic speech backed by music from "2001: A Space Odyssey."',
-            'upload_date': '20130821',
+            'description': 'md5:e0120fe5da9ad8259fd707c1cbb64a60',
+            'title': 'Here’s how some inmates in closely divided state are now able to vote from jail',
+            'timestamp': 1718158269,
+            'upload_date': '20240612',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://media.cnn.com/api/v1/images/stellar/prod/still-20701554-13565-571-still.jpg?c=original',
+            'duration': 202.0,
+            'modified_date': '20240612',
+            'modified_timestamp': 1718158509,
         },
-        'expected_warnings': ['Failed to download m3u8 information'],
     }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/living/2014/12/22/growing-america-nashville-salemtown-board-episode-1.hln.html',
-        'md5': 'f14d02ebd264df951feb2400e2c25a1b',
+        'url': 'https://edition.cnn.com/2024/06/11/style/king-charles-portrait-vandalized/index.html',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'living/2014/12/22/growing-america-nashville-salemtown-board-episode-1.hln',
+            'id': 'mef5f52b9e1fe28b1ad192afcbc9206ae984894b68',
+            'display_id': '2024/06/11/style/king-charles-portrait-vandalized',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Nashville Ep. 1: Hand crafted skateboards',
-            'description': 'md5:e7223a503315c9f150acac52e76de086',
-            'upload_date': '20141222',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://media.cnn.com/api/v1/images/stellar/prod/still-20701257-8846-816-still.jpg?c=original',
+            'description': 'md5:19f78338ccec533db0fa8a4511012dae',
+            'title': 'Video shows King Charles\' portrait being vandalized by activists',
+            'timestamp': 1718113852,
+            'upload_date': '20240611',
+            'duration': 51.0,
+            'modified_timestamp': 1718116193,
+            'modified_date': '20240611',
         },
-        'expected_warnings': ['Failed to download m3u8 information'],
     }, {
-        'url': 'http://money.cnn.com/video/news/2016/08/19/netflix-stunning-stats.cnnmoney/index.html',
-        'md5': '52a515dc1b0f001cd82e4ceda32be9d1',
+        'url': 'https://edition.cnn.com/videos/media/2022/12/05/robin-meade-final-sign-off-broadcast-hln-mxp-contd-vpx.hln',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '/video/news/2016/08/19/netflix-stunning-stats.cnnmoney',
+            'id': 'mefba13799201b084ea3b1d0f7ca820ae94d4bb5b2',
+            'display_id': 'videos/media/2022/12/05/robin-meade-final-sign-off-broadcast-hln-mxp-contd-vpx.hln',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': '5 stunning stats about Netflix',
-            'description': 'Did you know that Netflix has more than 80 million members? Here are five facts about the online video distributor that you probably didn\'t know.',
-            'upload_date': '20160819',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://media.cnn.com/api/v1/images/stellar/prod/221205163510-robin-meade-sign-off.jpg?c=original',
+            'duration': 158.0,
+            'title': 'Robin Meade signs off after HLN\'s last broadcast',
+            'description': 'md5:cff3c62d18d2fbc6c5c75cb029b7353b',
+            'upload_date': '20221205',
+            'timestamp': 1670284296,
+            'modified_timestamp': 1670332404,
+            'modified_date': '20221206',
         },
-        'params': {
-            # m3u8 download
-            'skip_download': True,
+        'params': {'format': 'direct'},
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://cnnespanol.cnn.com/video/ataque-misil-israel-beirut-libano-octubre-trax',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'me484a43722642aa00627b812fe928f2e99c6e2997',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'display_id': 'video/ataque-misil-israel-beirut-libano-octubre-trax',
+            'timestamp': 1729501452,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://media.cnn.com/api/v1/images/stellar/prod/ataqeubeirut-1.jpg?c=original',
+            'description': 'md5:256ee7137d161f776cda429654135e52',
+            'upload_date': '20241021',
+            'duration': 31.0,
+            'title': 'VIDEO | Israel lanza un nuevo ataque sobre Beirut',
+            'modified_date': '20241021',
+            'modified_timestamp': 1729501530,
         },
     }, {
-        'url': 'http://cnn.com/video/?/video/politics/2015/03/27/pkg-arizona-senator-church-attendance-mandatory.ktvk',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://cnn.com/video/?/video/us/2015/04/06/dnt-baker-refuses-anti-gay-order.wkmg',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://edition.cnn.com/videos/arts/2016/04/21/olympic-games-cultural-a-z-brazil.cnn',
-        'only_matching': True,
+        'url': 'https://edition.cnn.com/2024/10/16/politics/kamala-harris-fox-news-interview/index.html',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '2024/10/16/politics/kamala-harris-fox-news-interview',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 2,
+        'playlist': [{
+            'md5': '073ffab87b8bef97c9913e71cc18ef9e',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'me19d548fdd54df0924087039283128ef473ab397d',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': '\'I\'m not finished\': Harris interview with Fox News gets heated',
+                'display_id': 'kamala-harris-fox-news-interview-ebof-digvid',
+                'description': 'md5:e7dd3d1a04df916062230b60ca419a0a',
+                'thumbnail': 'https://media.cnn.com/api/v1/images/stellar/prod/harris-20241016234916617.jpg?c=original',
+                'duration': 173.0,
+                'timestamp': 1729122182,
+                'upload_date': '20241016',
+                'modified_timestamp': 1729194706,
+                'modified_date': '20241017',
+            },
+            'params': {'format': 'direct'},
+        }, {
+            'md5': '11604ab4af83b650826753f1ccb8ecff',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'med04507d8ca3da827001f63d22af321ec29c7d97b',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': '\'Wise\': Buttigieg on Harris\' handling of interview question about gender transition surgery',
+                'display_id': 'pete-buttigieg-harris-fox-newssrc-digvid',
+                'description': 'md5:602a8a7e853ed5e574acd3159428c98e',
+                'thumbnail': 'https://media.cnn.com/api/v1/images/stellar/prod/buttigieg-20241017040412074.jpg?c=original',
+                'duration': 145.0,
+                'timestamp': 1729137765,
+                'upload_date': '20241017',
+                'modified_timestamp': 1729138184,
+                'modified_date': '20241017',
+            },
+            'params': {'format': 'direct'},
+        }],
     }]
 
-    _CONFIG = {
-        # http://edition.cnn.com/.element/apps/cvp/3.0/cfg/spider/cnn/expansion/config.xml
-        'edition': {
-            'data_src': 'http://edition.cnn.com/video/data/3.0/video/%s/index.xml',
-            'media_src': 'http://pmd.cdn.turner.com/cnn/big',
-        },
-        # http://money.cnn.com/.element/apps/cvp2/cfg/config.xml
-        'money': {
-            'data_src': 'http://money.cnn.com/video/data/4.0/video/%s.xml',
-            'media_src': 'http://ht3.cdn.turner.com/money/big',
-        },
-    }
-
-    def _extract_timestamp(self, video_data):
-        # TODO: fix timestamp extraction
-        return None
-
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        sub_domain, path, page_title = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
-        if sub_domain not in ('money', 'edition'):
-            sub_domain = 'edition'
-        config = self._CONFIG[sub_domain]
-        return self._extract_cvp_info(
-            config['data_src'] % path, page_title, {
-                'default': {
-                    'media_src': config['media_src'],
-                },
-                'f4m': {
-                    'host': 'cnn-vh.akamaihd.net',
-                },
+        display_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('display_id')
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
+        app_id = traverse_obj(
+            self._search_json(r'window\.env\s*=', webpage, 'window env', display_id, default={}),
+            ('TOP_AUTH_SERVICE_APP_ID', {str}))
+
+        entries = []
+        for player_data in traverse_obj(webpage, (
+                {find_elements(tag='div', attr='data-component-name', value='video-player', html=True)},
+                ..., {extract_attributes}, all, lambda _, v: v['data-media-id'])):
+            media_id = player_data['data-media-id']
+            parent_uri = player_data.get('data-video-resource-parent-uri')
+            formats, subtitles = [], {}
+
+            video_data = {}
+            if parent_uri:
+                video_data = self._download_json(
+                    'https://fave.api.cnn.io/v1/video', media_id, fatal=False,
+                    query={
+                        'id': media_id,
+                        'stellarUri': parent_uri,
+                    })
+                for direct_url in traverse_obj(video_data, ('files', ..., 'fileUri', {url_or_none})):
+                    resolution, bitrate = None, None
+                    if mobj := re.search(r'-(?P<res>\d+x\d+)_(?P<tbr>\d+)k\.mp4', direct_url):
+                        resolution, bitrate = mobj.group('res', 'tbr')
+                    formats.append({
+                        'url': direct_url,
+                        'format_id': 'direct',
+                        'quality': 1,
+                        'tbr': int_or_none(bitrate),
+                        **parse_resolution(resolution),
+                    })
+                for sub_data in traverse_obj(video_data, (
+                        'closedCaptions', 'types', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['track']['url']), 'track')):
+                    subtitles.setdefault(sub_data.get('lang') or 'en', []).append({
+                        'url': sub_data['url'],
+                        'name': sub_data.get('label'),
+                    })
+
+            if app_id:
+                media_data = self._download_json(
+                    f'https://medium.ngtv.io/v2/media/{media_id}/desktop', media_id, fatal=False,
+                    query={'appId': app_id})
+                m3u8_url = traverse_obj(media_data, (
+                    'media', 'desktop', 'unprotected', 'unencrypted', 'url', {url_or_none}))
+                if m3u8_url:
+                    fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                        m3u8_url, media_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False)
+                    formats.extend(fmts)
+                    self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
+
+            entries.append({
+                **traverse_obj(player_data, {
+                    'title': ('data-headline', {clean_html}),
+                    'description': ('data-description', {clean_html}),
+                    'duration': ('data-duration', {parse_duration}),
+                    'timestamp': ('data-publish-date', {parse_iso8601}),
+                    'thumbnail': (
+                        'data-poster-image-override', {json.loads}, 'big', 'uri', {url_or_none},
+                        {update_url(query='c=original')}),
+                    'display_id': 'data-video-slug',
+                }),
+                **traverse_obj(video_data, {
+                    'timestamp': ('dateCreated', 'uts', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
+                    'description': ('description', {clean_html}),
+                    'title': ('headline', {str}),
+                    'modified_timestamp': ('lastModified', 'uts', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
+                    'duration': ('trt', {int_or_none}),
+                }),
+                'id': media_id,
+                'formats': formats,
+                'subtitles': subtitles,
             })
 
+        if len(entries) == 1:
+            return {
+                **entries[0],
+                'display_id': display_id,
+            }
 
-class CNNBlogsIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://[^\.]+\.blogs\.cnn\.com/.+'
-    _TEST = {
-        'url': 'http://reliablesources.blogs.cnn.com/2014/02/09/criminalizing-journalism/',
-        'md5': '3e56f97b0b6ffb4b79f4ea0749551084',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'bestoftv/2014/02/09/criminalizing-journalism.cnn',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Criminalizing journalism?',
-            'description': 'Glenn Greenwald responds to comments made this week on Capitol Hill that journalists could be criminal accessories.',
-            'upload_date': '20140209',
-        },
-        'expected_warnings': ['Failed to download m3u8 information'],
-        'add_ie': ['CNN'],
-    }
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, url_basename(url))
-        cnn_url = self._html_search_regex(r'data-url="(.+?)"', webpage, 'cnn url')
-        return self.url_result(cnn_url, CNNIE.ie_key())
-
-
-class CNNArticleIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:(?:edition|www)\.)?cnn\.com/(?!videos?/)'
-    _TEST = {
-        'url': 'http://www.cnn.com/2014/12/21/politics/obama-north-koreas-hack-not-war-but-cyber-vandalism/',
-        'md5': '689034c2a3d9c6dc4aa72d65a81efd01',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'bestoftv/2014/12/21/ip-north-korea-obama.cnn',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Obama: Cyberattack not an act of war',
-            'description': 'md5:0a802a40d2376f60e6b04c8d5bcebc4b',
-            'upload_date': '20141221',
-        },
-        'expected_warnings': ['Failed to download m3u8 information'],
-        'add_ie': ['CNN'],
-    }
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, url_basename(url))
-        cnn_url = self._html_search_regex(r"video:\s*'([^']+)'", webpage, 'cnn url')
-        return self.url_result('http://cnn.com/video/?/video/' + cnn_url, CNNIE.ie_key())
+        return self.playlist_result(entries, display_id)
 
 
 class CNNIndonesiaIE(InfoExtractor):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/common.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/common.py
index 187f73e7b..92ddad2b7 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/common.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/common.py
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ import xml.etree.ElementTree
 from ..compat import (
     compat_etree_fromstring,
     compat_expanduser,
-    compat_os_name,
     urllib_req_to_req,
 )
 from ..cookies import LenientSimpleCookie
@@ -35,6 +34,7 @@ from ..networking import HEADRequest, Request
 from ..networking.exceptions import (
     HTTPError,
     IncompleteRead,
+    TransportError,
     network_exceptions,
 )
 from ..networking.impersonate import ImpersonateTarget
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ from ..utils import (
     FormatSorter,
     GeoRestrictedError,
     GeoUtils,
+    ISO639Utils,
     LenientJSONDecoder,
     Popen,
     RegexNotFoundError,
@@ -277,6 +278,7 @@ class InfoExtractor:
     thumbnails:     A list of dictionaries, with the following entries:
                         * "id" (optional, string) - Thumbnail format ID
                         * "url"
+                        * "ext" (optional, string) - actual image extension if not given in URL
                         * "preference" (optional, int) - quality of the image
                         * "width" (optional, int)
                         * "height" (optional, int)
@@ -332,7 +334,7 @@ class InfoExtractor:
     like_count:     Number of positive ratings of the video
     dislike_count:  Number of negative ratings of the video
     repost_count:   Number of reposts of the video
-    average_rating: Average rating give by users, the scale used depends on the webpage
+    average_rating: Average rating given by users, the scale used depends on the webpage
     comment_count:  Number of comments on the video
     comments:       A list of comments, each with one or more of the following
                     properties (all but one of text or html optional):
@@ -519,7 +521,7 @@ class InfoExtractor:
     or _extract_from_webpage as necessary. While these are normally classmethods,
     _extract_from_webpage is allowed to be an instance method.
 
-    _extract_from_webpage may raise self.StopExtraction() to stop further
+    _extract_from_webpage may raise self.StopExtraction to stop further
     processing of the webpage and obtain exclusive rights to it. This is useful
     when the extractor cannot reliably be matched using just the URL,
     e.g. invidious/peertube instances
@@ -572,13 +574,13 @@ class InfoExtractor:
 
     def _login_hint(self, method=NO_DEFAULT, netrc=None):
         password_hint = f'--username and --password, --netrc-cmd, or --netrc ({netrc or self._NETRC_MACHINE}) to provide account credentials'
+        cookies_hint = 'See  https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/wiki/FAQ#how-do-i-pass-cookies-to-yt-dlp  for how to manually pass cookies'
         return {
             None: '',
-            'any': f'Use --cookies, --cookies-from-browser, {password_hint}',
+            'any': f'Use --cookies, --cookies-from-browser, {password_hint}. {cookies_hint}',
             'password': f'Use {password_hint}',
-            'cookies': (
-                'Use --cookies-from-browser or --cookies for the authentication. '
-                'See  https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/wiki/FAQ#how-do-i-pass-cookies-to-yt-dlp  for how to manually pass cookies'),
+            'cookies': f'Use --cookies-from-browser or --cookies for the authentication. {cookies_hint}',
+            'session_cookies': f'Use --cookies for the authentication (--cookies-from-browser might not work). {cookies_hint}',
         }[method if method is not NO_DEFAULT else 'any' if self.supports_login() else 'cookies']
 
     def __init__(self, downloader=None):
@@ -965,6 +967,9 @@ class InfoExtractor:
             return False
         content = self._webpage_read_content(urlh, url_or_request, video_id, note, errnote, fatal,
                                              encoding=encoding, data=data)
+        if content is False:
+            assert not fatal
+            return False
         return (content, urlh)
 
     @staticmethod
@@ -1023,7 +1028,7 @@ class InfoExtractor:
         filename = sanitize_filename(f'{basen}.dump', restricted=True)
         # Working around MAX_PATH limitation on Windows (see
         # http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa365247(v=vs.85).aspx)
-        if compat_os_name == 'nt':
+        if os.name == 'nt':
             absfilepath = os.path.abspath(filename)
             if len(absfilepath) > 259:
                 filename = fR'\\?\{absfilepath}'
@@ -1039,7 +1044,15 @@ class InfoExtractor:
 
     def _webpage_read_content(self, urlh, url_or_request, video_id, note=None, errnote=None, fatal=True,
                               prefix=None, encoding=None, data=None):
-        webpage_bytes = urlh.read()
+        try:
+            webpage_bytes = urlh.read()
+        except TransportError as err:
+            errmsg = f'{video_id}: Error reading response: {err.msg}'
+            if fatal:
+                raise ExtractorError(errmsg, cause=err)
+            self.report_warning(errmsg)
+            return False
+
         if prefix is not None:
             webpage_bytes = prefix + webpage_bytes
         if self.get_param('dump_intermediate_pages', False):
@@ -1396,6 +1409,13 @@ class InfoExtractor:
             return None, None
 
         self.write_debug(f'Using netrc for {netrc_machine} authentication')
+
+        # compat: <=py3.10: netrc cannot parse tokens as empty strings, will return `""` instead
+        # Ref: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11413
+        #      https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/15409c720be0503131713e3d3abc1acd0da07378
+        if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
+            return tuple(x if x != '""' else '' for x in info[::2])
+
         return info[0], info[2]
 
     def _get_login_info(self, username_option='username', password_option='password', netrc_machine=None):
@@ -1558,7 +1578,9 @@ class InfoExtractor:
         if default is not NO_DEFAULT:
             fatal = False
         for mobj in re.finditer(JSON_LD_RE, html):
-            json_ld_item = self._parse_json(mobj.group('json_ld'), video_id, fatal=fatal)
+            json_ld_item = self._parse_json(
+                mobj.group('json_ld'), video_id, fatal=fatal,
+                errnote=False if default is not NO_DEFAULT else None)
             for json_ld in variadic(json_ld_item):
                 if isinstance(json_ld, dict):
                     yield json_ld
@@ -1698,7 +1720,7 @@ class InfoExtractor:
                 rating = traverse_obj(e, ('aggregateRating', 'ratingValue'), expected_type=float_or_none)
                 if rating is not None:
                     info['average_rating'] = rating
-                if is_type(e, 'TVEpisode', 'Episode'):
+                if is_type(e, 'TVEpisode', 'Episode', 'PodcastEpisode'):
                     episode_name = unescapeHTML(e.get('name'))
                     info.update({
                         'episode': episode_name,
@@ -1832,12 +1854,26 @@ class InfoExtractor:
 
     @staticmethod
     def _remove_duplicate_formats(formats):
-        format_urls = set()
+        seen_urls = set()
+        seen_fragment_urls = set()
         unique_formats = []
         for f in formats:
-            if f['url'] not in format_urls:
-                format_urls.add(f['url'])
+            fragments = f.get('fragments')
+            if callable(fragments):
                 unique_formats.append(f)
+
+            elif fragments:
+                fragment_urls = frozenset(
+                    fragment.get('url') or urljoin(f['fragment_base_url'], fragment['path'])
+                    for fragment in fragments)
+                if fragment_urls not in seen_fragment_urls:
+                    seen_fragment_urls.add(fragment_urls)
+                    unique_formats.append(f)
+
+            elif f['url'] not in seen_urls:
+                seen_urls.add(f['url'])
+                unique_formats.append(f)
+
         formats[:] = unique_formats
 
     def _is_valid_url(self, url, video_id, item='video', headers={}):
@@ -2065,7 +2101,7 @@ class InfoExtractor:
         has_drm = HlsFD._has_drm(m3u8_doc)
 
         def format_url(url):
-            return url if re.match(r'^https?://', url) else urllib.parse.urljoin(m3u8_url, url)
+            return url if re.match(r'https?://', url) else urllib.parse.urljoin(m3u8_url, url)
 
         if self.get_param('hls_split_discontinuity', False):
             def _extract_m3u8_playlist_indices(manifest_url=None, m3u8_doc=None):
@@ -2800,11 +2836,11 @@ class InfoExtractor:
                         base_url_e = element.find(_add_ns('BaseURL'))
                         if try_call(lambda: base_url_e.text) is not None:
                             base_url = base_url_e.text + base_url
-                            if re.match(r'^https?://', base_url):
+                            if re.match(r'https?://', base_url):
                                 break
                     if mpd_base_url and base_url.startswith('/'):
                         base_url = urllib.parse.urljoin(mpd_base_url, base_url)
-                    elif mpd_base_url and not re.match(r'^https?://', base_url):
+                    elif mpd_base_url and not re.match(r'https?://', base_url):
                         if not mpd_base_url.endswith('/'):
                             mpd_base_url += '/'
                         base_url = mpd_base_url + base_url
@@ -2894,7 +2930,7 @@ class InfoExtractor:
                         }
 
                     def location_key(location):
-                        return 'url' if re.match(r'^https?://', location) else 'path'
+                        return 'url' if re.match(r'https?://', location) else 'path'
 
                     if 'segment_urls' not in representation_ms_info and 'media' in representation_ms_info:
 
@@ -3059,7 +3095,11 @@ class InfoExtractor:
             url_pattern = stream.attrib['Url']
             stream_timescale = int_or_none(stream.get('TimeScale')) or timescale
             stream_name = stream.get('Name')
-            stream_language = stream.get('Language', 'und')
+            # IsmFD expects ISO 639 Set 2 language codes (3-character length)
+            # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11356
+            stream_language = stream.get('Language') or 'und'
+            if len(stream_language) != 3:
+                stream_language = ISO639Utils.short2long(stream_language) or 'und'
             for track in stream.findall('QualityLevel'):
                 KNOWN_TAGS = {'255': 'AACL', '65534': 'EC-3'}
                 fourcc = track.get('FourCC') or KNOWN_TAGS.get(track.get('AudioTag'))
@@ -3489,7 +3529,7 @@ class InfoExtractor:
                 continue
             urls.add(source_url)
             source_type = source.get('type') or ''
-            ext = mimetype2ext(source_type) or determine_ext(source_url)
+            ext = determine_ext(source_url, default_ext=mimetype2ext(source_type))
             if source_type == 'hls' or ext == 'm3u8' or 'format=m3u8-aapl' in source_url:
                 formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(
                     source_url, video_id, 'mp4', entry_protocol='m3u8_native',
@@ -3741,7 +3781,7 @@ class InfoExtractor:
         """ Merge subtitle dictionaries, language by language. """
         if target is None:
             target = {}
-        for d in dicts:
+        for d in filter(None, dicts):
             for lang, subs in d.items():
                 target[lang] = cls._merge_subtitle_items(target.get(lang, []), subs)
         return target
@@ -3763,7 +3803,7 @@ class InfoExtractor:
     def mark_watched(self, *args, **kwargs):
         if not self.get_param('mark_watched', False):
             return
-        if self.supports_login() and self._get_login_info()[0] is not None or self._cookies_passed:
+        if (self.supports_login() and self._get_login_info()[0] is not None) or self._cookies_passed:
             self._mark_watched(*args, **kwargs)
 
     def _mark_watched(self, *args, **kwargs):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/condenast.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/condenast.py
index 9c02cd342..0c84cfdab 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/condenast.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/condenast.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from ..utils import (
     parse_iso8601,
     strip_or_none,
     try_get,
+    urljoin,
 )
 
 
@@ -112,8 +113,7 @@ class CondeNastIE(InfoExtractor):
         m_paths = re.finditer(
             r'(?s)<p class="cne-thumb-title">.*?<a href="(/watch/.+?)["\?]', webpage)
         paths = orderedSet(m.group(1) for m in m_paths)
-        build_url = lambda path: urllib.parse.urljoin(base_url, path)
-        entries = [self.url_result(build_url(path), 'CondeNast') for path in paths]
+        entries = [self.url_result(urljoin(base_url, path), 'CondeNast') for path in paths]
         return self.playlist_result(entries, playlist_title=title)
 
     def _extract_video_params(self, webpage, display_id):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/crunchyroll.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/crunchyroll.py
index 1b124c655..8faed179b 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/crunchyroll.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/crunchyroll.py
@@ -456,7 +456,7 @@ class CrunchyrollBetaIE(CrunchyrollCmsBaseIE):
                 }),
             }),
             **traverse_obj(metadata, {
-                'duration': ('duration_ms', {lambda x: float_or_none(x, 1000)}),
+                'duration': ('duration_ms', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'timestamp': ('upload_date', {parse_iso8601}),
                 'series': ('series_title', {str}),
                 'series_id': ('series_id', {str}),
@@ -484,7 +484,7 @@ class CrunchyrollBetaIE(CrunchyrollCmsBaseIE):
                 }),
             }),
             **traverse_obj(metadata, {
-                'duration': ('duration_ms', {lambda x: float_or_none(x, 1000)}),
+                'duration': ('duration_ms', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'age_limit': ('maturity_ratings', -1, {parse_age_limit}),
             }),
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/ctvnews.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/ctvnews.py
index ebed9eb2d..6d33f85e4 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/ctvnews.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/ctvnews.py
@@ -1,14 +1,27 @@
+import json
 import re
+import urllib.parse
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import orderedSet
+from .ninecninemedia import NineCNineMediaIE
+from ..utils import extract_attributes, orderedSet
+from ..utils.traversal import find_element, traverse_obj
 
 
 class CTVNewsIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:.+?\.)?ctvnews\.ca/(?:video\?(?:clip|playlist|bin)Id=|.*?)(?P<id>[0-9.]+)'
+    _BASE_REGEX = r'https?://(?:[^.]+\.)?ctvnews\.ca/'
+    _VIDEO_ID_RE = r'(?P<id>\d{5,})'
+    _PLAYLIST_ID_RE = r'(?P<id>\d\.\d{5,})'
+    _VALID_URL = [
+        rf'{_BASE_REGEX}video/c{_VIDEO_ID_RE}',
+        rf'{_BASE_REGEX}video(?:-gallery)?/?\?clipId={_VIDEO_ID_RE}',
+        rf'{_BASE_REGEX}video/?\?(?:playlist|bin)Id={_PLAYLIST_ID_RE}',
+        rf'{_BASE_REGEX}(?!video/)[^?#]*?{_PLAYLIST_ID_RE}/?(?:$|[?#])',
+        rf'{_BASE_REGEX}(?!video/)[^?#]+\?binId={_PLAYLIST_ID_RE}',
+    ]
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'http://www.ctvnews.ca/video?clipId=901995',
-        'md5': '9b8624ba66351a23e0b6e1391971f9af',
+        'md5': 'b608f466c7fa24b9666c6439d766ab7e',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '901995',
             'ext': 'flv',
@@ -16,6 +29,33 @@ class CTVNewsIE(InfoExtractor):
             'description': 'md5:958dd3b4f5bbbf0ed4d045c790d89285',
             'timestamp': 1467286284,
             'upload_date': '20160630',
+            'categories': [],
+            'season_number': 0,
+            'season': 'Season 0',
+            'tags': [],
+            'series': 'CTV News National | Archive | Stories 2',
+            'season_id': '57981',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.*\.jpg$',
+            'duration': 764.631,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://barrie.ctvnews.ca/video/c3030933-here_s-what_s-making-news-for-nov--15?binId=1272429',
+        'md5': '8b8c2b33c5c1803e3c26bc74ff8694d5',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3030933',
+            'ext': 'flv',
+            'title': 'Here’s what’s making news for Nov. 15',
+            'description': 'Here are the top stories we’re working on for CTV News at 11 for Nov. 15',
+            'thumbnail': 'http://images2.9c9media.com/image_asset/2021_2_22_a602e68e-1514-410e-a67a-e1f7cccbacab_png_2000x1125.jpg',
+            'season_id': '58104',
+            'season_number': 0,
+            'tags': [],
+            'season': 'Season 0',
+            'categories': [],
+            'series': 'CTV News Barrie',
+            'upload_date': '20241116',
+            'duration': 42.943,
+            'timestamp': 1731722452,
         },
     }, {
         'url': 'http://www.ctvnews.ca/video?playlistId=1.2966224',
@@ -31,6 +71,72 @@ class CTVNewsIE(InfoExtractor):
             'id': '1.2876780',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 100,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.ctvnews.ca/it-s-been-23-years-since-toronto-called-in-the-army-after-a-major-snowstorm-1.5736957',
+        'info_dict':
+        {
+            'id': '1.5736957',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 6,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.ctvnews.ca/business/respondents-to-bank-of-canada-questionnaire-largely-oppose-creating-a-digital-loonie-1.6665797',
+        'md5': '24bc4b88cdc17d8c3fc01dfc228ab72c',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '2695026',
+            'ext': 'flv',
+            'season_id': '89852',
+            'series': 'From CTV News Channel',
+            'description': 'md5:796a985a23cacc7e1e2fafefd94afd0a',
+            'season': '2023',
+            'title': 'Bank of Canada asks public about digital currency',
+            'categories': [],
+            'tags': [],
+            'upload_date': '20230526',
+            'season_number': 2023,
+            'thumbnail': 'http://images2.9c9media.com/image_asset/2019_3_28_35f5afc3-10f6-4d92-b194-8b9a86f55c6a_png_1920x1080.jpg',
+            'timestamp': 1685105157,
+            'duration': 253.553,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://stox.ctvnews.ca/video-gallery?clipId=582589',
+        'md5': '135cc592df607d29dddc931f1b756ae2',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '582589',
+            'ext': 'flv',
+            'categories': [],
+            'timestamp': 1427906183,
+            'season_number': 0,
+            'duration': 125.559,
+            'thumbnail': 'http://images2.9c9media.com/image_asset/2019_3_28_35f5afc3-10f6-4d92-b194-8b9a86f55c6a_png_1920x1080.jpg',
+            'series': 'CTV News Stox',
+            'description': 'CTV original footage of the rise and fall of the Berlin Wall.',
+            'title': 'Berlin Wall',
+            'season_id': '63817',
+            'season': 'Season 0',
+            'tags': [],
+            'upload_date': '20150401',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://ottawa.ctvnews.ca/features/regional-contact/regional-contact-archive?binId=1.1164587#3023759',
+        'md5': 'a14c0603557decc6531260791c23cc5e',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3023759',
+            'ext': 'flv',
+            'season_number': 2024,
+            'timestamp': 1731798000,
+            'season': '2024',
+            'episode': 'Episode 125',
+            'description': 'CTV News Ottawa at Six',
+            'duration': 2712.076,
+            'episode_number': 125,
+            'upload_date': '20241116',
+            'title': 'CTV News Ottawa at Six for Saturday, November 16, 2024',
+            'thumbnail': 'http://images2.9c9media.com/image_asset/2019_3_28_35f5afc3-10f6-4d92-b194-8b9a86f55c6a_png_1920x1080.jpg',
+            'categories': [],
+            'tags': [],
+            'series': 'CTV News Ottawa at Six',
+            'season_id': '92667',
+        },
     }, {
         'url': 'http://www.ctvnews.ca/1.810401',
         'only_matching': True,
@@ -42,29 +148,35 @@ class CTVNewsIE(InfoExtractor):
         'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
+    def _ninecninemedia_url_result(self, clip_id):
+        return self.url_result(f'9c9media:ctvnews_web:{clip_id}', NineCNineMediaIE, clip_id)
+
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         page_id = self._match_id(url)
 
-        def ninecninemedia_url_result(clip_id):
-            return {
-                '_type': 'url_transparent',
-                'id': clip_id,
-                'url': f'9c9media:ctvnews_web:{clip_id}',
-                'ie_key': 'NineCNineMedia',
-            }
+        if mobj := re.fullmatch(self._VIDEO_ID_RE, urllib.parse.urlparse(url).fragment):
+            page_id = mobj.group('id')
 
-        if page_id.isdigit():
-            return ninecninemedia_url_result(page_id)
-        else:
-            webpage = self._download_webpage(f'http://www.ctvnews.ca/{page_id}', page_id, query={
-                'ot': 'example.AjaxPageLayout.ot',
-                'maxItemsPerPage': 1000000,
-            })
-            entries = [ninecninemedia_url_result(clip_id) for clip_id in orderedSet(
-                re.findall(r'clip\.id\s*=\s*(\d+);', webpage))]
-            if not entries:
-                webpage = self._download_webpage(url, page_id)
-                if 'getAuthStates("' in webpage:
-                    entries = [ninecninemedia_url_result(clip_id) for clip_id in
-                               self._search_regex(r'getAuthStates\("([\d+,]+)"', webpage, 'clip ids').split(',')]
-            return self.playlist_result(entries, page_id)
+        if re.fullmatch(self._VIDEO_ID_RE, page_id):
+            return self._ninecninemedia_url_result(page_id)
+
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(f'https://www.ctvnews.ca/{page_id}', page_id, query={
+            'ot': 'example.AjaxPageLayout.ot',
+            'maxItemsPerPage': 1000000,
+        })
+        entries = [self._ninecninemedia_url_result(clip_id)
+                   for clip_id in orderedSet(re.findall(r'clip\.id\s*=\s*(\d+);', webpage))]
+        if not entries:
+            webpage = self._download_webpage(url, page_id)
+            if 'getAuthStates("' in webpage:
+                entries = [self._ninecninemedia_url_result(clip_id) for clip_id in
+                           self._search_regex(r'getAuthStates\("([\d+,]+)"', webpage, 'clip ids').split(',')]
+            else:
+                entries = [
+                    self._ninecninemedia_url_result(clip_id) for clip_id in
+                    traverse_obj(webpage, (
+                        {find_element(tag='jasper-player-container', html=True)},
+                        {extract_attributes}, 'axis-ids', {json.loads}, ..., 'axisId', {str}))
+                ]
+
+        return self.playlist_result(entries, page_id)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/cultureunplugged.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/cultureunplugged.py
index 8e6579c35..c7ccd2747 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/cultureunplugged.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/cultureunplugged.py
@@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
-import time
-
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..networking import HEADRequest
 from ..utils import int_or_none
 
 
@@ -31,9 +28,6 @@ class CultureUnpluggedIE(InfoExtractor):
         video_id = mobj.group('id')
         display_id = mobj.group('display_id') or video_id
 
-        # request setClientTimezone.php to get PHPSESSID cookie which is need to get valid json data in the next request
-        self._request_webpage(HEADRequest(
-            'http://www.cultureunplugged.com/setClientTimezone.php?timeOffset=%d' % -(time.timezone / 3600)), display_id)
         movie_data = self._download_json(
             f'http://www.cultureunplugged.com/movie-data/cu-{video_id}.json', display_id)
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/cwtv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/cwtv.py
index 870d4f39e..cb432e616 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/cwtv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/cwtv.py
@@ -6,12 +6,37 @@ from ..utils import (
     parse_iso8601,
     smuggle_url,
     str_or_none,
+    update_url_query,
 )
 
 
 class CWTVIE(InfoExtractor):
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?cw(?:tv(?:pr)?|seed)\.com/(?:shows/)?(?:[^/]+/)+[^?]*\?.*\b(?:play|watch)=(?P<id>[a-z0-9]{8}-[a-z0-9]{4}-[a-z0-9]{4}-[a-z0-9]{4}-[a-z0-9]{12})'
     _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.cwtv.com/shows/all-american-homecoming/ready-or-not/?play=d848488f-f62a-40fd-af1f-6440b1821aab',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'd848488f-f62a-40fd-af1f-6440b1821aab',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Ready Or Not',
+            'description': 'Simone is concerned about changes taking place at Bringston; JR makes a decision about his future.',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpe?g$',
+            'duration': 2547,
+            'timestamp': 1720519200,
+            'uploader': 'CWTV',
+            'chapters': 'count:6',
+            'series': 'All American: Homecoming',
+            'season_number': 3,
+            'episode_number': 1,
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'upload_date': '20240709',
+            'season': 'Season 3',
+            'episode': 'Episode 1',
+        },
+        'params': {
+            # m3u8 download
+            'skip_download': True,
+        },
+    }, {
         'url': 'http://cwtv.com/shows/arrow/legends-of-yesterday/?play=6b15e985-9345-4f60-baf8-56e96be57c63',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '6b15e985-9345-4f60-baf8-56e96be57c63',
@@ -69,13 +94,14 @@ class CWTVIE(InfoExtractor):
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
         data = self._download_json(
-            'http://images.cwtv.com/feed/mobileapp/video-meta/apiversion_8/guid_' + video_id,
-            video_id)
+            f'https://images.cwtv.com/feed/mobileapp/video-meta/apiversion_12/guid_{video_id}', video_id)
         if data.get('result') != 'ok':
             raise ExtractorError(data['msg'], expected=True)
         video_data = data['video']
         title = video_data['title']
-        mpx_url = video_data.get('mpx_url') or f'http://link.theplatform.com/s/cwtv/media/guid/2703454149/{video_id}?formats=M3U'
+        mpx_url = update_url_query(
+            video_data.get('mpx_url') or f'https://link.theplatform.com/s/cwtv/media/guid/2703454149/{video_id}',
+            {'formats': 'M3U+none'})
 
         season = str_or_none(video_data.get('season'))
         episode = str_or_none(video_data.get('episode'))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/dacast.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/dacast.py
index 4e81aa4a7..537352e5f 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/dacast.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/dacast.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import functools
 import hashlib
 import re
 import time
@@ -51,6 +52,15 @@ class DacastVODIE(DacastBaseIE):
             'thumbnail': 'https://universe-files.dacast.com/26137208-5858-65c1-5e9a-9d6b6bd2b6c2',
         },
         'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }, {  # /uspaes/ in hls_url
+        'url': 'https://iframe.dacast.com/vod/f9823fc6-faba-b98f-0d00-4a7b50a58c5b/348c5c84-b6af-4859-bb9d-1d01009c795b',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '348c5c84-b6af-4859-bb9d-1d01009c795b',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'pl1-edyta-rubas-211124.mp4',
+            'uploader_id': 'f9823fc6-faba-b98f-0d00-4a7b50a58c5b',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://universe-files.dacast.com/4d0bd042-a536-752d-fc34-ad2fa44bbcbb.png',
+        },
     }]
     _WEBPAGE_TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.dacast.com/support/knowledgebase/how-can-i-embed-a-video-on-my-website/',
@@ -74,6 +84,15 @@ class DacastVODIE(DacastBaseIE):
         'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
     }]
 
+    @functools.cached_property
+    def _usp_signing_secret(self):
+        player_js = self._download_webpage(
+            'https://player.dacast.com/js/player.js', None, 'Downloading player JS')
+        # Rotates every so often, but hardcode a fallback in case of JS change/breakage before rotation
+        return self._search_regex(
+            r'\bUSP_SIGNING_SECRET\s*=\s*(["\'])(?P<secret>(?:(?!\1).)+)', player_js,
+            'usp signing secret', group='secret', fatal=False) or 'odnInCGqhvtyRTtIiddxtuRtawYYICZP'
+
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         user_id, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('user_id', 'id')
         query = {'contentId': f'{user_id}-vod-{video_id}', 'provider': 'universe'}
@@ -94,10 +113,10 @@ class DacastVODIE(DacastBaseIE):
         if 'DRM_EXT' in hls_url:
             self.report_drm(video_id)
         elif '/uspaes/' in hls_url:
-            # From https://player.dacast.com/js/player.js
+            # Ref: https://player.dacast.com/js/player.js
             ts = int(time.time())
             signature = hashlib.sha1(
-                f'{10413792000 - ts}{ts}YfaKtquEEpDeusCKbvYszIEZnWmBcSvw').digest().hex()
+                f'{10413792000 - ts}{ts}{self._usp_signing_secret}'.encode()).digest().hex()
             hls_aes['uri'] = f'https://keys.dacast.com/uspaes/{video_id}.key?s={signature}&ts={ts}'
 
         for retry in self.RetryManager():
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/dailymotion.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/dailymotion.py
index 632335e5b..423c11c57 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/dailymotion.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/dailymotion.py
@@ -10,11 +10,14 @@ from ..utils import (
     OnDemandPagedList,
     age_restricted,
     clean_html,
+    extract_attributes,
     int_or_none,
     traverse_obj,
     try_get,
     unescapeHTML,
     unsmuggle_url,
+    update_url,
+    url_or_none,
     urlencode_postdata,
 )
 
@@ -98,12 +101,20 @@ class DailymotionBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
 class DailymotionIE(DailymotionBaseInfoExtractor):
     _VALID_URL = r'''(?ix)
                     https?://
+                    (?:
+                        dai\.ly/|
                         (?:
-                            (?:(?:www|touch|geo)\.)?dailymotion\.[a-z]{2,3}/(?:(?:(?:(?:embed|swf|\#)/)|player(?:/\w+)?\.html\?)?video|swf)|
-                            (?:www\.)?lequipe\.fr/video
+                            (?:(?:www|touch|geo)\.)?dailymotion\.[a-z]{2,3}|
+                            (?:www\.)?lequipe\.fr
+                        )/
+                        (?:
+                            swf/(?!video)|
+                            (?:(?:crawler|embed|swf)/)?video/|
+                            player(?:/[\da-z]+)?\.html\?(?:video|(?P<is_playlist>playlist))=
                         )
-                        [/=](?P<id>[^/?_&]+)(?:.+?\bplaylist=(?P<playlist_id>x[0-9a-z]+))?
-                    '''
+                    )
+                    (?P<id>[^/?_&#]+)(?:[\w-]*\?playlist=(?P<playlist_id>x[0-9a-z]+))?
+    '''
     IE_NAME = 'dailymotion'
     _EMBED_REGEX = [r'<(?:(?:embed|iframe)[^>]+?src=|input[^>]+id=[\'"]dmcloudUrlEmissionSelect[\'"][^>]+value=)(["\'])(?P<url>(?:https?:)?//(?:www\.)?dailymotion\.com/(?:embed|swf)/video/.+?)\1']
     _TESTS = [{
@@ -123,7 +134,7 @@ class DailymotionIE(DailymotionBaseInfoExtractor):
             'view_count': int,
             'like_count': int,
             'tags': ['hollywood', 'celeb', 'celebrity', 'movies', 'red carpet'],
-            'thumbnail': r're:https://(?:s[12]\.)dmcdn\.net/v/K456B1aXqIx58LKWQ/x1080',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://(?:s[12]\.)dmcdn\.net/v/K456B1cmt4ZcZ9KiM/x1080',
         },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://geo.dailymotion.com/player.html?video=x89eyek&mute=true',
@@ -142,7 +153,7 @@ class DailymotionIE(DailymotionBaseInfoExtractor):
             'view_count': int,
             'like_count': int,
             'tags': ['en_quete_d_esprit'],
-            'thumbnail': r're:https://(?:s[12]\.)dmcdn\.net/v/Tncwi1YNg_RUl7ueu/x1080',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://(?:s[12]\.)dmcdn\.net/v/Tncwi1clTH6StrxMP/x1080',
         },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x2iuewm_steam-machine-models-pricing-listed-on-steam-store-ign-news_videogames',
@@ -217,6 +228,86 @@ class DailymotionIE(DailymotionBaseInfoExtractor):
     }, {
         'url': 'https://geo.dailymotion.com/player/xakln.html?video=x8mjju4&customConfig%5BcustomParams%5D=%2Ffr-fr%2Ftennis%2Fwimbledon-mens-singles%2Farticles-video',
         'only_matching': True,
+    }, {  # playlist-only
+        'url': 'https://geo.dailymotion.com/player/xf7zn.html?playlist=x7wdsj',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://geo.dailymotion.com/player/xmyye.html?video=x93blhi',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.dailymotion.com/crawler/video/x8u4owg',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.dailymotion.com/embed/video/x8u4owg',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://dai.ly/x94cnnk',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+    _WEBPAGE_TESTS = [{
+        # https://geo.dailymotion.com/player/xmyye.html?video=x93blhi
+        'url': 'https://www.financialounge.com/video/2024/08/01/borse-europee-in-rosso-dopo-la-fed-a-milano-volano-mediobanca-e-tim-edizione-del-1-agosto/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'x93blhi',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'OnAir - 01/08/24',
+            'description': '',
+            'duration': 217,
+            'timestamp': 1722505658,
+            'upload_date': '20240801',
+            'uploader': 'Financialounge',
+            'uploader_id': 'x2vtgmm',
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'tags': [],
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://\w+.dmcdn.net/v/WnEY61cmvMxt2Fi6d/x1080',
+        },
+    }, {
+        # https://geo.dailymotion.com/player/xf7zn.html?playlist=x7wdsj
+        'url': 'https://www.cycleworld.com/blogs/ask-kevin/ducati-continues-to-evolve-with-v4/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'x7wdsj',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 50,
+    }, {
+        # https://www.dailymotion.com/crawler/video/x8u4owg
+        'url': 'https://www.leparisien.fr/environnement/video-le-veloto-la-voiture-a-pedales-qui-aimerait-se-faire-une-place-sur-les-routes-09-03-2024-KCYMCPM4WFHJXMSKBUI66UNFPU.php',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'x8u4owg',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'uploader': 'Le Parisien',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://www.leparisien.fr/resizer/ho_GwveeYftNkLwg_cEta--5Bv4=/1200x675/cloudfront-eu-central-1.images.arcpublishing.com/leparisien/BFXJNEBN75EUNHGYJLORUC3TX4.jpg',
+            'upload_date': '20240309',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'timestamp': 1709997866,
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'uploader_id': 'x32f7b',
+            'title': 'VIDÉO. Le «\xa0véloto\xa0», la voiture à pédales qui aimerait se faire une place sur les routes',
+            'duration': 428.0,
+            'description': 'À bord du « véloto », l’alternative à la voiture pour la campagne',
+            'tags': ['biclou', 'vélo', 'véloto', 'campagne', 'voiture', 'environnement', 'véhicules intermédiaires'],
+        },
+    }, {
+        # https://geo.dailymotion.com/player/xry80.html?video=x8vu47w
+        'url': 'https://www.metatube.com/en/videos/546765/This-frogs-decorates-Christmas-tree/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'x8vu47w',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'uploader': 'Metatube',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://\w+.dmcdn.net/v/W1G_S1coGSFTfkTeR/x1080',
+            'upload_date': '20240326',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'timestamp': 1711496732,
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'uploader_id': 'x2xpy74',
+            'title': 'Está lindas ranitas ponen su arbolito',
+            'duration': 28,
+            'description': 'Que lindura',
+            'tags': [],
+        },
     }]
     _GEO_BYPASS = False
     _COMMON_MEDIA_FIELDS = '''description
@@ -231,17 +322,36 @@ class DailymotionIE(DailymotionBaseInfoExtractor):
         yield from super()._extract_embed_urls(url, webpage)
         for mobj in re.finditer(
                 r'(?s)DM\.player\([^,]+,\s*{.*?video[\'"]?\s*:\s*["\']?(?P<id>[0-9a-zA-Z]+).+?}\s*\);', webpage):
-            yield from 'https://www.dailymotion.com/embed/video/' + mobj.group('id')
+            yield 'https://www.dailymotion.com/embed/video/' + mobj.group('id')
+        for mobj in re.finditer(
+                r'(?s)<script [^>]*\bsrc=(["\'])(?:https?:)?//[\w-]+\.dailymotion\.com/player/(?:(?!\1).)+\1[^>]*>', webpage):
+            attrs = extract_attributes(mobj.group(0))
+            player_url = url_or_none(attrs.get('src'))
+            if not player_url:
+                continue
+            player_url = player_url.replace('.js', '.html')
+            if player_url.startswith('//'):
+                player_url = f'https:{player_url}'
+            if video_id := attrs.get('data-video'):
+                query_string = f'video={video_id}'
+            elif playlist_id := attrs.get('data-playlist'):
+                query_string = f'playlist={playlist_id}'
+            else:
+                continue
+            yield update_url(player_url, query=query_string)
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         url, smuggled_data = unsmuggle_url(url)
-        video_id, playlist_id = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
+        video_id, is_playlist, playlist_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'is_playlist', 'playlist_id')
 
-        if playlist_id:
-            if self._yes_playlist(playlist_id, video_id):
-                return self.url_result(
-                    'http://www.dailymotion.com/playlist/' + playlist_id,
-                    'DailymotionPlaylist', playlist_id)
+        if is_playlist:  # We matched the playlist query param as video_id
+            playlist_id = video_id
+            video_id = None
+
+        if self._yes_playlist(playlist_id, video_id):
+            return self.url_result(
+                f'http://www.dailymotion.com/playlist/{playlist_id}',
+                'DailymotionPlaylist', playlist_id)
 
         password = self.get_param('videopassword')
         media = self._call_api(
@@ -282,6 +392,8 @@ class DailymotionIE(DailymotionBaseInfoExtractor):
         title = metadata['title']
         is_live = media.get('isOnAir')
         formats = []
+        subtitles = {}
+
         for quality, media_list in metadata['qualities'].items():
             for m in media_list:
                 media_url = m.get('url')
@@ -289,8 +401,10 @@ class DailymotionIE(DailymotionBaseInfoExtractor):
                 if not media_url or media_type == 'application/vnd.lumberjack.manifest':
                     continue
                 if media_type == 'application/x-mpegURL':
-                    formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-                        media_url, video_id, 'mp4', live=is_live, m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False))
+                    fmt, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                        media_url, video_id, 'mp4', live=is_live, m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False)
+                    formats.extend(fmt)
+                    self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
                 else:
                     f = {
                         'url': media_url,
@@ -310,20 +424,18 @@ class DailymotionIE(DailymotionBaseInfoExtractor):
             if not f.get('fps') and f['format_id'].endswith('@60'):
                 f['fps'] = 60
 
-        subtitles = {}
         subtitles_data = try_get(metadata, lambda x: x['subtitles']['data'], dict) or {}
         for subtitle_lang, subtitle in subtitles_data.items():
             subtitles[subtitle_lang] = [{
                 'url': subtitle_url,
             } for subtitle_url in subtitle.get('urls', [])]
 
-        thumbnails = []
-        for height, poster_url in metadata.get('posters', {}).items():
-            thumbnails.append({
-                'height': int_or_none(height),
-                'id': height,
-                'url': poster_url,
-            })
+        thumbnails = traverse_obj(metadata, (
+            ('posters', 'thumbnails'), {dict.items}, lambda _, v: url_or_none(v[1]), {
+                'height': (0, {int_or_none}),
+                'id': (0, {str}),
+                'url': 1,
+            }))
 
         owner = metadata.get('owner') or {}
         stats = media.get('stats') or {}
@@ -447,7 +559,7 @@ class DailymotionSearchIE(DailymotionPlaylistBaseIE):
 
 class DailymotionUserIE(DailymotionPlaylistBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'dailymotion:user'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?dailymotion\.[a-z]{2,3}/(?!(?:embed|swf|#|video|playlist|search)/)(?:(?:old/)?user/)?(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?dailymotion\.[a-z]{2,3}/(?!(?:embed|swf|#|video|playlist|search|crawler)/)(?:(?:old/)?user/)?(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.dailymotion.com/user/nqtv',
         'info_dict': {
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/dangalplay.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/dangalplay.py
index 50e4136b5..f7b243234 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/dangalplay.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/dangalplay.py
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ class DangalPlayBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'id': ('content_id', {str}),
                 'title': ('display_title', {str}),
                 'episode': ('title', {str}),
-                'series': ('show_name', {str}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'series': ('show_name', {str}, filter),
                 'series_id': ('catalog_id', {str}),
                 'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none}),
                 'release_timestamp': ('release_date_uts', {int_or_none}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/digitalconcerthall.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/digitalconcerthall.py
index edb6fa9c0..4c4fe470d 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/digitalconcerthall.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/digitalconcerthall.py
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
+import time
+
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
+    jwt_decode_hs256,
     parse_codecs,
     try_get,
     url_or_none,
@@ -13,9 +16,6 @@ from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
 class DigitalConcertHallIE(InfoExtractor):
     IE_DESC = 'DigitalConcertHall extractor'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?digitalconcerthall\.com/(?P<language>[a-z]+)/(?P<type>film|concert|work)/(?P<id>[0-9]+)-?(?P<part>[0-9]+)?'
-    _OAUTH_URL = 'https://api.digitalconcerthall.com/v2/oauth2/token'
-    _USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/17.5 Safari/605.1.15'
-    _ACCESS_TOKEN = None
     _NETRC_MACHINE = 'digitalconcerthall'
     _TESTS = [{
         'note': 'Playlist with only one video',
@@ -69,59 +69,157 @@ class DigitalConcertHallIE(InfoExtractor):
         'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
         'playlist_count': 1,
     }]
+    _LOGIN_HINT = ('Use  --username token --password ACCESS_TOKEN  where ACCESS_TOKEN '
+                   'is the "access_token_production" from your browser local storage')
+    _REFRESH_HINT = 'or else use a "refresh_token" with  --username refresh --password REFRESH_TOKEN'
+    _OAUTH_URL = 'https://api.digitalconcerthall.com/v2/oauth2/token'
+    _CLIENT_ID = 'dch.webapp'
+    _CLIENT_SECRET = '2ySLN+2Fwb'
+    _USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/17.5 Safari/605.1.15'
+    _OAUTH_HEADERS = {
+        'Accept': 'application/json',
+        'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8',
+        'Origin': 'https://www.digitalconcerthall.com',
+        'Referer': 'https://www.digitalconcerthall.com/',
+        'User-Agent': _USER_AGENT,
+    }
+    _access_token = None
+    _access_token_expiry = 0
+    _refresh_token = None
 
-    def _perform_login(self, username, password):
-        login_token = self._download_json(
-            self._OAUTH_URL,
-            None, 'Obtaining token', errnote='Unable to obtain token', data=urlencode_postdata({
+    @property
+    def _access_token_is_expired(self):
+        return self._access_token_expiry - 30 <= int(time.time())
+
+    def _set_access_token(self, value):
+        self._access_token = value
+        self._access_token_expiry = traverse_obj(value, ({jwt_decode_hs256}, 'exp', {int})) or 0
+
+    def _cache_tokens(self, /):
+        self.cache.store(self._NETRC_MACHINE, 'tokens', {
+            'access_token': self._access_token,
+            'refresh_token': self._refresh_token,
+        })
+
+    def _fetch_new_tokens(self, invalidate=False):
+        if invalidate:
+            self.report_warning('Access token has been invalidated')
+            self._set_access_token(None)
+
+        if not self._access_token_is_expired:
+            return
+
+        if not self._refresh_token:
+            self._set_access_token(None)
+            self._cache_tokens()
+            raise ExtractorError(
+                'Access token has expired or been invalidated. '
+                'Get a new "access_token_production" value from your browser '
+                f'and try again, {self._REFRESH_HINT}', expected=True)
+
+        # If we only have a refresh token, we need a temporary "initial token" for the refresh flow
+        bearer_token = self._access_token or self._download_json(
+            self._OAUTH_URL, None, 'Obtaining initial token', 'Unable to obtain initial token',
+            data=urlencode_postdata({
                 'affiliate': 'none',
                 'grant_type': 'device',
                 'device_vendor': 'unknown',
-                # device_model 'Safari' gets split streams of 4K/HEVC video and lossless/FLAC audio
-                'device_model': 'unknown' if self._configuration_arg('prefer_combined_hls') else 'Safari',
-                'app_id': 'dch.webapp',
+                # device_model 'Safari' gets split streams of 4K/HEVC video and lossless/FLAC audio,
+                # but this is no longer effective since actual login is not possible anymore
+                'device_model': 'unknown',
+                'app_id': self._CLIENT_ID,
                 'app_distributor': 'berlinphil',
-                'app_version': '1.84.0',
-                'client_secret': '2ySLN+2Fwb',
-            }), headers={
-                'Accept': 'application/json',
-                'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8',
-                'User-Agent': self._USER_AGENT,
-            })['access_token']
+                'app_version': '1.95.0',
+                'client_secret': self._CLIENT_SECRET,
+            }), headers=self._OAUTH_HEADERS)['access_token']
+
         try:
-            login_response = self._download_json(
-                self._OAUTH_URL,
-                None, note='Logging in', errnote='Unable to login', data=urlencode_postdata({
-                    'grant_type': 'password',
-                    'username': username,
-                    'password': password,
+            response = self._download_json(
+                self._OAUTH_URL, None, 'Refreshing token', 'Unable to refresh token',
+                data=urlencode_postdata({
+                    'grant_type': 'refresh_token',
+                    'refresh_token': self._refresh_token,
+                    'client_id': self._CLIENT_ID,
+                    'client_secret': self._CLIENT_SECRET,
                 }), headers={
-                    'Accept': 'application/json',
-                    'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8',
-                    'Referer': 'https://www.digitalconcerthall.com',
-                    'Authorization': f'Bearer {login_token}',
-                    'User-Agent': self._USER_AGENT,
+                    **self._OAUTH_HEADERS,
+                    'Authorization': f'Bearer {bearer_token}',
                 })
-        except ExtractorError as error:
-            if isinstance(error.cause, HTTPError) and error.cause.status == 401:
-                raise ExtractorError('Invalid username or password', expected=True)
+        except ExtractorError as e:
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 401:
+                self._set_access_token(None)
+                self._refresh_token = None
+                self._cache_tokens()
+                raise ExtractorError('Your tokens have been invalidated', expected=True)
             raise
-        self._ACCESS_TOKEN = login_response['access_token']
+
+        self._set_access_token(response['access_token'])
+        if refresh_token := traverse_obj(response, ('refresh_token', {str})):
+            self.write_debug('New refresh token granted')
+            self._refresh_token = refresh_token
+        self._cache_tokens()
+
+    def _perform_login(self, username, password):
+        self.report_login()
+
+        if username == 'refresh':
+            self._refresh_token = password
+            self._fetch_new_tokens()
+
+        if username == 'token':
+            if not traverse_obj(password, {jwt_decode_hs256}):
+                raise ExtractorError(
+                    f'The access token passed to yt-dlp is not valid. {self._LOGIN_HINT}', expected=True)
+            self._set_access_token(password)
+            self._cache_tokens()
+
+        if username in ('refresh', 'token'):
+            if self.get_param('cachedir') is not False:
+                token_type = 'access' if username == 'token' else 'refresh'
+                self.to_screen(f'Your {token_type} token has been cached to disk. To use the cached '
+                               'token next time, pass  --username cache  along with any password')
+            return
+
+        if username != 'cache':
+            raise ExtractorError(
+                'Login with username and password is no longer supported '
+                f'for this site. {self._LOGIN_HINT}, {self._REFRESH_HINT}', expected=True)
+
+        # Try cached access_token
+        cached_tokens = self.cache.load(self._NETRC_MACHINE, 'tokens', default={})
+        self._set_access_token(cached_tokens.get('access_token'))
+        self._refresh_token = cached_tokens.get('refresh_token')
+        if not self._access_token_is_expired:
+            return
+
+        # Try cached refresh_token
+        self._fetch_new_tokens(invalidate=True)
 
     def _real_initialize(self):
-        if not self._ACCESS_TOKEN:
-            self.raise_login_required(method='password')
+        if not self._access_token:
+            self.raise_login_required(
+                'All content on this site is only available for registered users. '
+                f'{self._LOGIN_HINT}, {self._REFRESH_HINT}', method=None)
 
     def _entries(self, items, language, type_, **kwargs):
         for item in items:
             video_id = item['id']
-            stream_info = self._download_json(
-                self._proto_relative_url(item['_links']['streams']['href']), video_id, headers={
-                    'Accept': 'application/json',
-                    'Authorization': f'Bearer {self._ACCESS_TOKEN}',
-                    'Accept-Language': language,
-                    'User-Agent': self._USER_AGENT,
-                })
+
+            for should_retry in (True, False):
+                self._fetch_new_tokens(invalidate=not should_retry)
+                try:
+                    stream_info = self._download_json(
+                        self._proto_relative_url(item['_links']['streams']['href']), video_id, headers={
+                            'Accept': 'application/json',
+                            'Authorization': f'Bearer {self._access_token}',
+                            'Accept-Language': language,
+                            'User-Agent': self._USER_AGENT,
+                        })
+                    break
+                except ExtractorError as error:
+                    if should_retry and isinstance(error.cause, HTTPError) and error.cause.status == 401:
+                        continue
+                    raise
 
             formats = []
             for m3u8_url in traverse_obj(stream_info, ('channel', ..., 'stream', ..., 'url', {url_or_none})):
@@ -157,7 +255,6 @@ class DigitalConcertHallIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'Accept': 'application/json',
                 'Accept-Language': language,
                 'User-Agent': self._USER_AGENT,
-                'Authorization': f'Bearer {self._ACCESS_TOKEN}',
             })
         videos = [vid_info] if type_ == 'film' else traverse_obj(vid_info, ('_embedded', ..., ...))
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/dplay.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/dplay.py
index cdf84c52d..86950b244 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/dplay.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/dplay.py
@@ -319,32 +319,6 @@ class DPlayIE(DPlayBaseIE):
             url, display_id, host, 'dplay' + country, country, domain)
 
 
-class HGTVDeIE(DPlayBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://de\.hgtv\.com/sendungen' + DPlayBaseIE._PATH_REGEX
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://de.hgtv.com/sendungen/tiny-house-klein-aber-oho/wer-braucht-schon-eine-toilette/',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '151205',
-            'display_id': 'tiny-house-klein-aber-oho/wer-braucht-schon-eine-toilette',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Wer braucht schon eine Toilette',
-            'description': 'md5:05b40a27e7aed2c9172de34d459134e2',
-            'duration': 1177.024,
-            'timestamp': 1595705400,
-            'upload_date': '20200725',
-            'creator': 'HGTV',
-            'series': 'Tiny House - klein, aber oho',
-            'season_number': 3,
-            'episode_number': 3,
-        },
-    }]
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        display_id = self._match_id(url)
-        return self._get_disco_api_info(
-            url, display_id, 'eu1-prod.disco-api.com', 'hgtv', 'de')
-
-
 class DiscoveryPlusBaseIE(DPlayBaseIE):
     """Subclasses must set _PRODUCT, _DISCO_API_PARAMS"""
 
@@ -373,6 +347,45 @@ class DiscoveryPlusBaseIE(DPlayBaseIE):
         return self._get_disco_api_info(url, self._match_id(url), **self._DISCO_API_PARAMS)
 
 
+class HGTVDeIE(DiscoveryPlusBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://de\.hgtv\.com/sendungen' + DPlayBaseIE._PATH_REGEX
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://de.hgtv.com/sendungen/mein-kleinstadt-traumhaus/vom-landleben-ins-loft',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '7332936',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'display_id': 'mein-kleinstadt-traumhaus/vom-landleben-ins-loft',
+            'title': 'Vom Landleben ins Loft',
+            'description': 'md5:e5f72c02c853970796dd3818f2e25745',
+            'episode': 'Episode 7',
+            'episode_number': 7,
+            'season': 'Season 7',
+            'season_number': 7,
+            'series': 'Mein Kleinstadt-Traumhaus',
+            'duration': 2645.0,
+            'timestamp': 1725998100,
+            'upload_date': '20240910',
+            'creators': ['HGTV'],
+            'tags': [],
+            'thumbnail': 'https://eu1-prod-images.disco-api.com/2024/08/09/82a386b9-c688-32c7-b9ff-0b13865f0bae.jpeg',
+        },
+    }]
+
+    _PRODUCT = 'hgtv'
+    _DISCO_API_PARAMS = {
+        'disco_host': 'eu1-prod.disco-api.com',
+        'realm': 'hgtv',
+        'country': 'de',
+    }
+
+    def _update_disco_api_headers(self, headers, disco_base, display_id, realm):
+        headers.update({
+            'x-disco-params': f'realm={realm}',
+            'x-disco-client': 'Alps:HyogaPlayer:0.0.0',
+            'Authorization': self._get_auth(disco_base, display_id, realm),
+        })
+
+
 class GoDiscoveryIE(DiscoveryPlusBaseIE):
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:go\.)?discovery\.com/video' + DPlayBaseIE._PATH_REGEX
     _TESTS = [{
@@ -1147,13 +1160,19 @@ class DiscoveryPlusShowBaseIE(DPlayBaseIE):
 
 
 class DiscoveryPlusItalyIE(DiscoveryPlusBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?discoveryplus\.com/it/video' + DPlayBaseIE._PATH_REGEX
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?discoveryplus\.com/it/video(?:/sport|/olympics)?' + DPlayBaseIE._PATH_REGEX
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.discoveryplus.com/it/video/i-signori-della-neve/stagione-2-episodio-1-i-preparativi',
         'only_matching': True,
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.discoveryplus.com/it/video/super-benny/trailer',
         'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.discoveryplus.com/it/video/olympics/dplus-sport-dplus-sport-sport/water-polo-greece-italy',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.discoveryplus.com/it/video/sport/dplus-sport-dplus-sport-sport/lisa-vittozzi-allinferno-e-ritorno',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
     _PRODUCT = 'dplus_it'
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/dropbox.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/dropbox.py
index 51b40df42..2bfeebc7c 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/dropbox.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/dropbox.py
@@ -6,8 +6,10 @@ import urllib.parse
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
+    update_url,
     update_url_query,
     url_basename,
+    urlencode_postdata,
 )
 
 
@@ -36,43 +38,56 @@ class DropboxIE(InfoExtractor):
         },
     ]
 
+    def _yield_decoded_parts(self, webpage):
+        for encoded in reversed(re.findall(r'registerStreamedPrefetch\s*\(\s*"[\w/+=]+"\s*,\s*"([\w/+=]+)"', webpage)):
+            yield base64.b64decode(encoded).decode('utf-8', 'ignore')
+
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         mobj = self._match_valid_url(url)
         video_id = mobj.group('id')
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
         fn = urllib.parse.unquote(url_basename(url))
         title = os.path.splitext(fn)[0]
+        content_id = None
 
-        password = self.get_param('videopassword')
-        if (self._og_search_title(webpage) == 'Dropbox - Password Required'
-                or 'Enter the password for this link' in webpage):
+        for part in self._yield_decoded_parts(webpage):
+            if '/sm/password' in part:
+                content_id = self._search_regex(r'content_id=([\w.+=/-]+)', part, 'content ID')
+                break
 
-            if password:
-                content_id = self._search_regex(r'content_id=(.*?)["\']', webpage, 'content_id')
-                payload = f'is_xhr=true&t={self._get_cookies("https://www.dropbox.com").get("t").value}&content_id={content_id}&password={password}&url={url}'
-                response = self._download_json(
-                    'https://www.dropbox.com/sm/auth', video_id, 'POSTing video password', data=payload.encode(),
-                    headers={'content-type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8'})
-
-                if response.get('status') != 'authed':
-                    raise ExtractorError('Authentication failed!', expected=True)
-                webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
-            elif self._get_cookies('https://dropbox.com').get('sm_auth'):
-                webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
-            else:
+        if content_id:
+            password = self.get_param('videopassword')
+            if not password:
                 raise ExtractorError('Password protected video, use --video-password <password>', expected=True)
 
-        formats, subtitles, has_anonymous_download = [], {}, False
-        for encoded in reversed(re.findall(r'registerStreamedPrefetch\s*\(\s*"[\w/+=]+"\s*,\s*"([\w/+=]+)"', webpage)):
-            decoded = base64.b64decode(encoded).decode('utf-8', 'ignore')
+            response = self._download_json(
+                'https://www.dropbox.com/sm/auth', video_id, 'POSTing video password',
+                data=urlencode_postdata({
+                    'is_xhr': 'true',
+                    't': self._get_cookies('https://www.dropbox.com')['t'].value,
+                    'content_id': content_id,
+                    'password': password,
+                    'url': update_url(url, scheme='', netloc=''),
+                }))
+            if response.get('status') != 'authed':
+                raise ExtractorError('Invalid password', expected=True)
+
+            webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+
+        formats, subtitles = [], {}
+        has_anonymous_download = False
+        thumbnail = None
+        for part in self._yield_decoded_parts(webpage):
             if not has_anonymous_download:
                 has_anonymous_download = self._search_regex(
-                    r'(anonymous:\tanonymous)', decoded, 'anonymous', default=False)
+                    r'(anonymous:\tanonymous)', part, 'anonymous', default=False)
             transcode_url = self._search_regex(
-                r'\n.(https://[^\x03\x08\x12\n]+\.m3u8)', decoded, 'transcode url', default=None)
+                r'\n.(https://[^\x03\x08\x12\n]+\.m3u8)', part, 'transcode url', default=None)
             if not transcode_url:
                 continue
             formats, subtitles = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(transcode_url, video_id, 'mp4')
+            thumbnail = self._search_regex(
+                r'(https://www\.dropbox\.com/temp_thumb_from_token/[\w/?&=]+)', part, 'thumbnail', default=None)
             break
 
         # downloads enabled we can get the original file
@@ -89,4 +104,5 @@ class DropboxIE(InfoExtractor):
             'title': title,
             'formats': formats,
             'subtitles': subtitles,
+            'thumbnail': thumbnail,
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/drtv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/drtv.py
index 32b684552..ba86eb2b4 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/drtv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/drtv.py
@@ -139,12 +139,11 @@ class DRTVIE(InfoExtractor):
             return
 
         token_response = self._download_json(
-            'https://production.dr-massive.com/api/authorization/anonymous-sso', None,
+            'https://isl.dr-massive.com/api/authorization/anonymous-sso', None,
             note='Downloading anonymous token', headers={
                 'content-type': 'application/json',
             }, query={
-                'device': 'web_browser',
-                'ff': 'idp,ldp,rpt',
+                'device': 'phone_android',
                 'lang': 'da',
                 'supportFallbackToken': 'true',
             }, data=json.dumps({
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/duoplay.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/duoplay.py
index 18642fea3..75650c3a6 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/duoplay.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/duoplay.py
@@ -5,15 +5,16 @@ from ..utils import (
     get_element_text_and_html_by_tag,
     int_or_none,
     join_nonempty,
+    parse_qs,
     str_or_none,
     try_call,
     unified_timestamp,
 )
-from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj, value
 
 
 class DuoplayIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://duoplay\.ee/(?P<id>\d+)/[\w-]+/?(?:\?(?:[^#]+&)?ep=(?P<ep>\d+))?'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://duoplay\.ee/(?P<id>\d+)(?:[/?#]|$)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'note': 'Siberi võmm S02E12',
         'url': 'https://duoplay.ee/4312/siberi-vomm?ep=24',
@@ -34,15 +35,16 @@ class DuoplayIE(InfoExtractor):
             'episode_number': 12,
             'episode_id': '24',
         },
+        'skip': 'No video found',
     }, {
         'note': 'Empty title',
         'url': 'https://duoplay.ee/17/uhikarotid?ep=14',
-        'md5': '6aca68be71112314738dd17cced7f8bf',
+        'md5': 'cba9f5dabf2582b224d80ac44fb80e47',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '17_14',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Ühikarotid',
-            'thumbnail': r're:https://.+\.jpg(?:\?c=\d+)?$',
+            'title': 'Episode 14',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+\.jpg',
             'description': 'md5:4719b418e058c209def41d48b601276e',
             'upload_date': '20100916',
             'timestamp': 1284661800,
@@ -52,6 +54,8 @@ class DuoplayIE(InfoExtractor):
             'season_number': 2,
             'episode_id': '14',
             'release_year': 2010,
+            'episode': 'Episode 14',
+            'episode_number': 14,
         },
     }, {
         'note': 'Movie without expiry',
@@ -68,10 +72,32 @@ class DuoplayIE(InfoExtractor):
             'timestamp': 1671054000,
             'release_year': 2018,
         },
+        'skip': 'No video found',
+    }, {
+        'note': 'Episode url without show name',
+        'url': 'https://duoplay.ee/9644?ep=185',
+        'md5': '63f324b4fe2dbd8194dca16a6d52184a',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '9644_185',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Episode 185',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+\.jpg',
+            'description': 'md5:ed25ba4e9e5d54bc291a4a0cdd241467',
+            'upload_date': '20241120',
+            'timestamp': 1732077000,
+            'episode': 'Episode 63',
+            'episode_id': '185',
+            'episode_number': 63,
+            'season': 'Season 2',
+            'season_number': 2,
+            'series': 'Telehommik',
+            'series_id': '9644',
+        },
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        telecast_id, episode = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'ep')
+        telecast_id = self._match_id(url)
+        episode = traverse_obj(parse_qs(url), ('ep', 0, {int_or_none}, {str_or_none}))
         video_id = join_nonempty(telecast_id, episode, delim='_')
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
         video_player = try_call(lambda: extract_attributes(
@@ -79,25 +105,33 @@ class DuoplayIE(InfoExtractor):
         if not video_player or not video_player.get('manifest-url'):
             raise ExtractorError('No video found', expected=True)
 
+        manifest_url = video_player['manifest-url']
+        session_token = self._download_json(
+            'https://sts.postimees.ee/session/register', video_id, 'Registering session',
+            'Unable to register session', headers={
+                'Accept': 'application/json',
+                'X-Original-URI': manifest_url,
+            })['session']
+
         episode_attr = self._parse_json(video_player.get(':episode') or '', video_id, fatal=False) or {}
 
         return {
             'id': video_id,
-            'formats': self._extract_m3u8_formats(video_player['manifest-url'], video_id, 'mp4'),
+            'formats': self._extract_m3u8_formats(manifest_url, video_id, 'mp4', query={'s': session_token}),
             **traverse_obj(episode_attr, {
-                'title': 'title',
-                'description': 'synopsis',
+                'title': ('title', {str}),
+                'description': ('synopsis', {str}),
                 'thumbnail': ('images', 'original'),
                 'timestamp': ('airtime', {lambda x: unified_timestamp(x + ' +0200')}),
-                'cast': ('cast', {lambda x: x.split(', ')}),
+                'cast': ('cast', filter, {lambda x: x.split(', ')}),
                 'release_year': ('year', {int_or_none}),
             }),
             **(traverse_obj(episode_attr, {
-                'title': (None, ('subtitle', ('episode_nr', {lambda x: f'Episode {x}' if x else None}))),
-                'series': 'title',
+                'title': (None, (('subtitle', {str}, filter), {value(f'Episode {episode}' if episode else None)})),
+                'series': ('title', {str}),
                 'series_id': ('telecast_id', {str_or_none}),
                 'season_number': ('season_id', {int_or_none}),
-                'episode': 'subtitle',
+                'episode': ('subtitle', {str}, filter),
                 'episode_number': ('episode_nr', {int_or_none}),
                 'episode_id': ('episode_id', {str_or_none}),
             }, get_all=False) if episode_attr.get('category') != 'movies' else {}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/err.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/err.py
index 7896cdbdc..d4139c6f3 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/err.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/err.py
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ class ERRJupiterIE(InfoExtractor):
             **traverse_obj(data, {
                 'title': ('heading', {str}),
                 'alt_title': ('subHeading', {str}),
-                'description': (('lead', 'body'), {clean_html}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'description': (('lead', 'body'), {clean_html}, filter),
                 'timestamp': ('created', {int_or_none}),
                 'modified_timestamp': ('updated', {int_or_none}),
                 'release_timestamp': (('scheduleStart', 'publicStart'), {int_or_none}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/ertgr.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/ertgr.py
index 864aa6dc5..6f3f60ff4 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/ertgr.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/ertgr.py
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ from ..utils import (
     url_or_none,
     variadic,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
 
 
 class ERTFlixBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -74,29 +75,28 @@ class ERTFlixCodenameIE(ERTFlixBaseIE):
 
     def _extract_formats_and_subs(self, video_id):
         media_info = self._call_api(video_id, codename=video_id)
-        formats, subs = [], {}
-        for media_file in try_get(media_info, lambda x: x['MediaFiles'], list) or []:
-            for media in try_get(media_file, lambda x: x['Formats'], list) or []:
-                fmt_url = url_or_none(try_get(media, lambda x: x['Url']))
-                if not fmt_url:
-                    continue
-                ext = determine_ext(fmt_url)
-                if ext == 'm3u8':
-                    formats_, subs_ = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
-                        fmt_url, video_id, m3u8_id='hls', ext='mp4', fatal=False)
-                elif ext == 'mpd':
-                    formats_, subs_ = self._extract_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(
-                        fmt_url, video_id, mpd_id='dash', fatal=False)
-                else:
-                    formats.append({
-                        'url': fmt_url,
-                        'format_id': str_or_none(media.get('Id')),
-                    })
-                    continue
-                formats.extend(formats_)
-                self._merge_subtitles(subs_, target=subs)
+        formats, subtitles = [], {}
+        for media in traverse_obj(media_info, (
+                'MediaFiles', lambda _, v: v['RoleCodename'] == 'main',
+                'Formats', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['Url']))):
+            fmt_url = media['Url']
+            ext = determine_ext(fmt_url)
+            if ext == 'm3u8':
+                fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                    fmt_url, video_id, m3u8_id='hls', ext='mp4', fatal=False)
+            elif ext == 'mpd':
+                fmts, subs = self._extract_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(
+                    fmt_url, video_id, mpd_id='dash', fatal=False)
+            else:
+                formats.append({
+                    'url': fmt_url,
+                    'format_id': str_or_none(media.get('Id')),
+                })
+                continue
+            formats.extend(fmts)
+            self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
 
-        return formats, subs
+        return formats, subtitles
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/espn.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/espn.py
index 4e9b63524..552f9af12 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/espn.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/espn.py
@@ -294,37 +294,37 @@ class ESPNCricInfoIE(InfoExtractor):
 class WatchESPNIE(AdobePassIE):
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?espn\.com/(?:watch|espnplus)/player/_/id/(?P<id>[0-9a-f]{8}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{12})'
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.espn.com/watch/player/_/id/dbbc6b1d-c084-4b47-9878-5f13c56ce309',
+        'url': 'https://www.espn.com/watch/player/_/id/11ce417a-6ac9-42b6-8a15-46aeb9ad5710',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'dbbc6b1d-c084-4b47-9878-5f13c56ce309',
+            'id': '11ce417a-6ac9-42b6-8a15-46aeb9ad5710',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Huddersfield vs. Burnley',
-            'duration': 7500,
-            'thumbnail': 'https://artwork.api.espn.com/artwork/collections/media/dbbc6b1d-c084-4b47-9878-5f13c56ce309/default?width=640&apikey=1ngjw23osgcis1i1vbj96lmfqs',
+            'title': 'Abilene Chrstn vs. Texas Tech',
+            'duration': 14166,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://s.secure.espncdn.com/stitcher/artwork/collections/media/11ce417a-6ac9-42b6-8a15-46aeb9ad5710/16x9.jpg?timestamp=202407252343&showBadge=true&cb=12&package=ESPN_PLUS',
         },
         'params': {
             'skip_download': True,
         },
     }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.espn.com/watch/player/_/id/a049a56e-a7ce-477e-aef3-c7e48ef8221c',
+        'url': 'https://www.espn.com/watch/player/_/id/90a2c85d-75e0-4b1e-a878-8e428a3cb2f3',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'a049a56e-a7ce-477e-aef3-c7e48ef8221c',
+            'id': '90a2c85d-75e0-4b1e-a878-8e428a3cb2f3',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Dynamo Dresden vs. VfB Stuttgart (Round #1) (German Cup)',
-            'duration': 8335,
-            'thumbnail': 'https://s.secure.espncdn.com/stitcher/artwork/collections/media/bd1f3d12-0654-47d9-852e-71b85ea695c7/16x9.jpg?timestamp=202201112217&showBadge=true&cb=12&package=ESPN_PLUS',
+            'title': 'UC Davis vs. California',
+            'duration': 9547,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://artwork.api.espn.com/artwork/collections/media/90a2c85d-75e0-4b1e-a878-8e428a3cb2f3/default?width=640&apikey=1ngjw23osgcis1i1vbj96lmfqs',
         },
         'params': {
             'skip_download': True,
         },
     }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.espn.com/espnplus/player/_/id/317f5fd1-c78a-4ebe-824a-129e0d348421',
+        'url': 'https://www.espn.com/watch/player/_/id/c4313bbe-95b5-4bb8-b251-ac143ea0fc54',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '317f5fd1-c78a-4ebe-824a-129e0d348421',
+            'id': 'c4313bbe-95b5-4bb8-b251-ac143ea0fc54',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'The Wheel - Episode 10',
-            'duration': 3352,
-            'thumbnail': 'https://s.secure.espncdn.com/stitcher/artwork/collections/media/317f5fd1-c78a-4ebe-824a-129e0d348421/16x9.jpg?timestamp=202205031523&showBadge=true&cb=12&package=ESPN_PLUS',
+            'title': 'The College Football Show',
+            'duration': 3639,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://artwork.api.espn.com/artwork/collections/media/c4313bbe-95b5-4bb8-b251-ac143ea0fc54/default?width=640&apikey=1ngjw23osgcis1i1vbj96lmfqs',
         },
         'params': {
             'skip_download': True,
@@ -353,6 +353,13 @@ class WatchESPNIE(AdobePassIE):
             if not cookie:
                 self.raise_login_required(method='cookies')
 
+            jwt = self._search_regex(r'=([^|]+)\|', cookie.value, 'cookie jwt')
+            id_token = self._download_json(
+                'https://registerdisney.go.com/jgc/v6/client/ESPN-ONESITE.WEB-PROD/guest/refresh-auth',
+                None, 'Refreshing token', headers={'Content-Type': 'application/json'}, data=json.dumps({
+                    'refreshToken': json.loads(base64.urlsafe_b64decode(f'{jwt}==='))['refresh_token'],
+                }).encode())['data']['token']['id_token']
+
             assertion = self._call_bamgrid_api(
                 'devices', video_id,
                 headers={'Content-Type': 'application/json; charset=UTF-8'},
@@ -371,7 +378,7 @@ class WatchESPNIE(AdobePassIE):
                 })['access_token']
 
             assertion = self._call_bamgrid_api(
-                'accounts/grant', video_id, payload={'id_token': cookie.value.split('|')[1]},
+                'accounts/grant', video_id, payload={'id_token': id_token},
                 headers={
                     'Authorization': token,
                     'Content-Type': 'application/json; charset=UTF-8',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/eurosport.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/eurosport.py
index 0c5e1238d..682546f8f 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/eurosport.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/eurosport.py
@@ -3,7 +3,12 @@ from ..utils import traverse_obj
 
 
 class EurosportIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.eurosport\.com/\w+/(?:[\w-]+/[\d-]+/)?[\w-]+_(?P<id>vid\d+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
+        https?://(?:
+            (?:(?:www|espanol)\.)?eurosport\.(?:com(?:\.tr)?|de|dk|es|fr|hu|it|nl|no|ro)|
+            eurosport\.tvn24\.pl
+        )/[\w-]+/(?:[\w-]+/[\d-]+/)?[\w.-]+_(?P<id>vid\d+)
+    '''
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.eurosport.com/tennis/roland-garros/2022/highlights-rafael-nadal-brushes-aside-caper-ruud-to-win-record-extending-14th-french-open-title_vid1694147/video.shtml',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -70,6 +75,42 @@ class EurosportIE(InfoExtractor):
             'duration': 105.0,
             'upload_date': '20230518',
         },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.eurosport.de/radsport/vuelta-a-espana/2024/vuelta-a-espana-2024-wout-van-aert-und-co.-verzweifeln-an-mcnulty-zeitfahr-krimi-in-lissabon_vid2219478/video.shtml',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.eurosport.dk/speedway/mikkel-michelsen-misser-finalen-i-cardiff-se-danskeren-i-semifinalen-her_vid2219363/video.shtml',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.eurosport.nl/mixed-martial-arts/ufc/2022/ufc-305-respect-tussen-adesanya-en-du-plessis_vid2219650/video.shtml',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.eurosport.es/ciclismo/la-vuelta-2024-carlos-rodriguez-olvida-la-crono-y-ya-espera-que-llegue-la-montana-no-me-encontre-nada-comodo_vid2219682/video.shtml',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.eurosport.fr/football/supercoupe-d-europe/2024-2025/kylian-mbappe-vinicius-junior-eduardo-camavinga-touche.-extraits-de-l-entrainement-du-real-madrid-en-video_vid2216993/video.shtml',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.eurosport.it/calcio/serie-a/2024-2025/samardzic-a-bergamo-per-le-visite-mediche-con-l-atalanta_vid2219680/video.shtml',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.eurosport.hu/kerekpar/vuelta-a-espana/2024/dramai-harc-a-masodpercekert-meglepetesgyoztes-a-vuelta-nyitoszakaszan_vid2219481/video.shtml',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.eurosport.no/golf/fedex-st-jude-championship/2024/ligger-pa-andreplass-sa-skjer-dette-drama_vid30000618/video.shtml',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.eurosport.no/golf/fedex-st-jude-championship/2024/ligger-pa-andreplass-sa-skjer-dette-drama_vid2219531/video.shtml',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.eurosport.ro/tenis/western-southern-open-2/2024/rezumatul-partidei-dintre-zverev-si-shelton-de-la-cincinnati_vid2219657/video.shtml',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.eurosport.com.tr/hentbol/olympic-games-paris-2024/2024/paris-2024-denmark-ile-germany-olimpiyatlarin-onemli-anlari_vid2215836/video.shtml',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://eurosport.tvn24.pl/kolarstwo/tour-de-france-kobiet/2024/kasia-niewiadoma-przed-ostatnim-8.-etapem-tour-de-france-kobiet_vid2219765/video.shtml',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
     _TOKEN = None
@@ -77,6 +118,7 @@ class EurosportIE(InfoExtractor):
     # actually defined in https://netsport.eurosport.io/?variables={"databaseId":<databaseId>,"playoutType":"VDP"}&extensions={"persistedQuery":{"version":1 ..
     # but this method require to get sha256 hash
     _GEO_COUNTRIES = ['DE', 'NL', 'EU', 'IT', 'FR']  # Not complete list but it should work
+    _GEO_BYPASS = False
 
     def _real_initialize(self):
         if EurosportIE._TOKEN is None:
@@ -98,13 +140,13 @@ class EurosportIE(InfoExtractor):
         for stream_type in json_data['attributes']['streaming']:
             if stream_type == 'hls':
                 fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
-                    traverse_obj(json_data, ('attributes', 'streaming', stream_type, 'url')), display_id, ext='mp4')
+                    traverse_obj(json_data, ('attributes', 'streaming', stream_type, 'url')), display_id, ext='mp4', fatal=False)
             elif stream_type == 'dash':
                 fmts, subs = self._extract_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(
-                    traverse_obj(json_data, ('attributes', 'streaming', stream_type, 'url')), display_id)
+                    traverse_obj(json_data, ('attributes', 'streaming', stream_type, 'url')), display_id, fatal=False)
             elif stream_type == 'mss':
                 fmts, subs = self._extract_ism_formats_and_subtitles(
-                    traverse_obj(json_data, ('attributes', 'streaming', stream_type, 'url')), display_id)
+                    traverse_obj(json_data, ('attributes', 'streaming', stream_type, 'url')), display_id, fatal=False)
 
             formats.extend(fmts)
             self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/facebook.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/facebook.py
index 6aba477a6..24ecb0350 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/facebook.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/facebook.py
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ class FacebookIE(InfoExtractor):
                             [^/]+/videos/(?:[^/]+/)?|
                             [^/]+/posts/|
                             events/(?:[^/]+/)?|
-                            groups/[^/]+/(?:permalink|posts)/|
+                            groups/[^/]+/(?:permalink|posts)/(?:[\da-f]+/)?|
                             watchparty/
                         )|
                     facebook:
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ class FacebookIE(InfoExtractor):
             'timestamp': 1692346159,
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*',
             'uploader_id': '100063551323670',
-            'duration': 3132.184,
+            'duration': 3133.583,
             'view_count': int,
             'concurrent_view_count': 0,
         },
@@ -112,9 +112,10 @@ class FacebookIE(InfoExtractor):
             'upload_date': '20140506',
             'timestamp': 1399398998,
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*',
-            'uploader_id': 'pfbid028wxorhX2ErLFJ578N6P3crHD3PHmXTCqCvfBpsnbSLmbokwSY75p5hWBjHGkG4zxl',
+            'uploader_id': 'pfbid05AzrFTXgY37tqwaSgbFTTEpCLBjjEJHkigogwGiRPtKEpAsJYJpzE94H1RxYXWEtl',
             'duration': 131.03,
             'concurrent_view_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
         },
     }, {
         'note': 'Video with DASH manifest',
@@ -167,7 +168,7 @@ class FacebookIE(InfoExtractor):
         # have 1080P, but only up to 720p in swf params
         # data.video.story.attachments[].media
         'url': 'https://www.facebook.com/cnn/videos/10155529876156509/',
-        'md5': 'ca63897a90c9452efee5f8c40d080e25',
+        'md5': '1659aa21fb3dd1585874f668e81a72c8',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '10155529876156509',
             'ext': 'mp4',
@@ -180,9 +181,10 @@ class FacebookIE(InfoExtractor):
             'view_count': int,
             'uploader_id': '100059479812265',
             'concurrent_view_count': int,
-            'duration': 44.478,
+            'duration': 44.181,
         },
     }, {
+        # FIXME: unable to extract uploader, no formats found
         # bigPipe.onPageletArrive ... onPageletArrive pagelet_group_mall
         # data.node.comet_sections.content.story.attachments[].style_type_renderer.attachment.media
         'url': 'https://www.facebook.com/yaroslav.korpan/videos/1417995061575415/',
@@ -241,9 +243,9 @@ class FacebookIE(InfoExtractor):
             'timestamp': 1511548260,
             'upload_date': '20171124',
             'uploader': 'Vickie Gentry',
-            'uploader_id': 'pfbid0FuZhHCeWDAxWxEbr3yKPFaRstXvRxgsp9uCPG6GjD4J2AitB35NUAuJ4Q75KcjiDl',
+            'uploader_id': 'pfbid0FkkycT95ySNNyfCw4Cho6u5G7WbbZEcxT496Hq8rtx1K3LcTCATpR3wnyYhmyGC5l',
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*',
-            'duration': 148.435,
+            'duration': 148.224,
         },
     }, {
         # data.node.comet_sections.content.story.attachments[].styles.attachment.media
@@ -271,7 +273,7 @@ class FacebookIE(InfoExtractor):
             'description': 'Today Makkovik\'s own Pilot Mandy Smith made her inaugural landing on the airstrip in her hometown. What a proud moment as we all cheered and...',
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*',
             'uploader': 'Lela Evans',
-            'uploader_id': 'pfbid0shZJipuigyy5mqrUJn9ub5LJFWNHvan5prtyi3LrDuuuJ4NwrURgnQHYR9fywBepl',
+            'uploader_id': 'pfbid0swT2y7t6TAsZVBvcyeYPdhTMefGaS26mzUwML3vd1ma6ndGZKxsyS4Ssu3jitZLXl',
             'upload_date': '20231228',
             'timestamp': 1703804085,
             'duration': 394.347,
@@ -322,7 +324,7 @@ class FacebookIE(InfoExtractor):
             'upload_date': '20180523',
             'uploader': 'ESL One Dota 2',
             'uploader_id': '100066514874195',
-            'duration': 4524.212,
+            'duration': 4524.001,
             'view_count': int,
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*',
             'concurrent_view_count': int,
@@ -339,9 +341,9 @@ class FacebookIE(InfoExtractor):
             'title': 'Josef',
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*',
             'concurrent_view_count': int,
-            'uploader_id': 'pfbid0cibUN6tV7DYgdbJdsUFN46wc4jKpVSPAvJQhFofGqBGmVn3V3JtAs2tfUwziw2hUl',
+            'uploader_id': 'pfbid02gpfwRM2XvdEJfsERupwQiNmBiDArc38RMRYZnap372q6Vs7MtFTVy72mmFWpJBTKl',
             'timestamp': 1549275572,
-            'duration': 3.413,
+            'duration': 3.283,
             'uploader': 'Josef Novak',
             'description': '',
             'upload_date': '20190204',
@@ -396,6 +398,7 @@ class FacebookIE(InfoExtractor):
         'playlist_count': 1,
         'skip': 'Requires logging in',
     }, {
+        # FIXME: Cannot parse data error
         # data.event.cover_media_renderer.cover_video
         'url': 'https://m.facebook.com/events/1509582499515440',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -407,6 +410,9 @@ class FacebookIE(InfoExtractor):
             'uploader': 'Comitato Liberi Pensatori',
             'uploader_id': '100065709540881',
         },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.facebook.com/groups/1513990329015294/posts/d41d8cd9/2013209885760000/?app=fbl',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
     _SUPPORTED_PAGLETS_REGEX = r'(?:pagelet_group_mall|permalink_video_pagelet|hyperfeed_story_id_[0-9a-f]+)'
     _api_config = {
@@ -498,7 +504,8 @@ class FacebookIE(InfoExtractor):
                 or get_first(post, ('video', 'creation_story', 'attachments', ..., 'media', lambda k, v: k == 'owner' and v['name']))
                 or get_first(post, (..., 'video', lambda k, v: k == 'owner' and v['name']))
                 or get_first(post, ('node', 'actors', ..., {dict}))
-                or get_first(post, ('event', 'event_creator', {dict})) or {})
+                or get_first(post, ('event', 'event_creator', {dict}))
+                or get_first(post, ('video', 'creation_story', 'short_form_video_context', 'video_owner', {dict})) or {})
             uploader = uploader_data.get('name') or (
                 clean_html(get_element_by_id('fbPhotoPageAuthorName', webpage))
                 or self._search_regex(
@@ -524,6 +531,11 @@ class FacebookIE(InfoExtractor):
                     webpage, 'view count', default=None)),
                 'concurrent_view_count': get_first(post, (
                     ('video', (..., ..., 'attachments', ..., 'media')), 'liveViewerCount', {int_or_none})),
+                **traverse_obj(post, (lambda _, v: video_id in v['url'], 'feedback', {
+                    'like_count': ('likers', 'count', {int}),
+                    'comment_count': ('total_comment_count', {int}),
+                    'repost_count': ('share_count_reduced', {parse_count}),
+                }), get_all=False),
             }
 
             info_json_ld = self._search_json_ld(webpage, video_id, default={})
@@ -554,12 +566,13 @@ class FacebookIE(InfoExtractor):
                 return extract_video_data(try_get(
                     js_data, lambda x: x['jsmods']['instances'], list) or [])
 
-        def extract_dash_manifest(video, formats):
-            dash_manifest = traverse_obj(video, 'dash_manifest', 'playlist', expected_type=str)
+        def extract_dash_manifest(vid_data, formats, mpd_url=None):
+            dash_manifest = traverse_obj(
+                vid_data, 'dash_manifest', 'playlist', 'dash_manifest_xml_string', 'manifest_xml', expected_type=str)
             if dash_manifest:
                 formats.extend(self._parse_mpd_formats(
                     compat_etree_fromstring(urllib.parse.unquote_plus(dash_manifest)),
-                    mpd_url=video.get('dash_manifest_url')))
+                    mpd_url=url_or_none(vid_data.get('dash_manifest_url')) or mpd_url))
 
         def process_formats(info):
             # Downloads with browser's User-Agent are rate limited. Working around
@@ -609,16 +622,20 @@ class FacebookIE(InfoExtractor):
                         video = video['creation_story']
                         video['owner'] = traverse_obj(video, ('short_form_video_context', 'video_owner'))
                         video.update(reel_info)
+
                     formats = []
                     q = qualities(['sd', 'hd'])
+
+                    # Legacy formats extraction
+                    fmt_data = traverse_obj(video, ('videoDeliveryLegacyFields', {dict})) or video
                     for key, format_id in (('playable_url', 'sd'), ('playable_url_quality_hd', 'hd'),
                                            ('playable_url_dash', ''), ('browser_native_hd_url', 'hd'),
                                            ('browser_native_sd_url', 'sd')):
-                        playable_url = video.get(key)
+                        playable_url = fmt_data.get(key)
                         if not playable_url:
                             continue
                         if determine_ext(playable_url) == 'mpd':
-                            formats.extend(self._extract_mpd_formats(playable_url, video_id))
+                            formats.extend(self._extract_mpd_formats(playable_url, video_id, fatal=False))
                         else:
                             formats.append({
                                 'format_id': format_id,
@@ -626,7 +643,29 @@ class FacebookIE(InfoExtractor):
                                 'quality': q(format_id) - 3,
                                 'url': playable_url,
                             })
-                    extract_dash_manifest(video, formats)
+                    extract_dash_manifest(fmt_data, formats)
+
+                    # New videoDeliveryResponse formats extraction
+                    fmt_data = traverse_obj(video, ('videoDeliveryResponseFragment', 'videoDeliveryResponseResult'))
+                    mpd_urls = traverse_obj(fmt_data, ('dash_manifest_urls', ..., 'manifest_url', {url_or_none}))
+                    dash_manifests = traverse_obj(fmt_data, ('dash_manifests', lambda _, v: v['manifest_xml']))
+                    for idx, dash_manifest in enumerate(dash_manifests):
+                        extract_dash_manifest(dash_manifest, formats, mpd_url=traverse_obj(mpd_urls, idx))
+                    if not dash_manifests:
+                        # Only extract from MPD URLs if the manifests are not already provided
+                        for mpd_url in mpd_urls:
+                            formats.extend(self._extract_mpd_formats(mpd_url, video_id, fatal=False))
+                    for prog_fmt in traverse_obj(fmt_data, ('progressive_urls', lambda _, v: v['progressive_url'])):
+                        format_id = traverse_obj(prog_fmt, ('metadata', 'quality', {str.lower}))
+                        formats.append({
+                            'format_id': format_id,
+                            # sd, hd formats w/o resolution info should be deprioritized below DASH
+                            'quality': q(format_id) - 3,
+                            'url': prog_fmt['progressive_url'],
+                        })
+                    for m3u8_url in traverse_obj(fmt_data, ('hls_playlist_urls', ..., 'hls_playlist_url', {url_or_none})):
+                        formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(m3u8_url, video_id, 'mp4', fatal=False, m3u8_id='hls'))
+
                     if not formats:
                         # Do not append false positive entry w/o any formats
                         return
@@ -932,18 +971,21 @@ class FacebookReelIE(InfoExtractor):
 
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.facebook.com/reel/1195289147628387',
-        'md5': 'f13dd37f2633595982db5ed8765474d3',
+        'md5': 'a53256d10fc2105441fe0c4212ed8cea',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '1195289147628387',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'md5:b05800b5b1ad56c0ca78bd3807b6a61e',
-            'description': 'md5:22f03309b216ac84720183961441d8db',
-            'uploader': 'md5:723e6cb3091241160f20b3c5dc282af1',
+            'title': r're:9\.6K views · 355 reactions .+ Let the “Slapathon” commence!! .+ LL COOL J · Mama Said Knock You Out$',
+            'description': r're:When your trying to help your partner .+ LL COOL J · Mama Said Knock You Out$',
+            'uploader': 'Beast Camp Training',
             'uploader_id': '100040874179269',
             'duration': 9.579,
             'timestamp': 1637502609,
             'upload_date': '20211121',
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'repost_count': int,
         },
     }]
 
@@ -963,6 +1005,7 @@ class FacebookAdsIE(InfoExtractor):
             'id': '899206155126718',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'video by Kandao',
+            'description': 'md5:0822724069e3aca97cbed5dabbab282e',
             'uploader': 'Kandao',
             'uploader_id': '774114102743284',
             'uploader_url': r're:^https?://.*',
@@ -971,6 +1014,22 @@ class FacebookAdsIE(InfoExtractor):
             'upload_date': '20231214',
             'like_count': int,
         },
+    }, {
+        # key 'watermarked_video_sd_url' missing
+        'url': 'https://www.facebook.com/ads/library/?id=501152689226254',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '501152689226254',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'video by mat.nawrocki',
+            'description': 'md5:02a446ace7ff8c3c37a2892922492490',
+            'uploader': 'mat.nawrocki',
+            'uploader_id': '148586968341456',
+            'uploader_url': r're:^https?://.*',
+            'timestamp': 1723452305,
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*',
+            'upload_date': '20240812',
+            'like_count': int,
+        },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.facebook.com/ads/library/?id=893637265423481',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -1017,34 +1076,42 @@ class FacebookAdsIE(InfoExtractor):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
 
-        post_data = [self._parse_json(j, video_id, fatal=False)
-                     for j in re.findall(r's\.handle\(({.*})\);requireLazy\(', webpage)]
-        data = traverse_obj(post_data, (
-            ..., 'require', ..., ..., ..., 'props', 'deeplinkAdCard', 'snapshot', {dict}), get_all=False)
+        post_data = traverse_obj(
+            re.findall(r'data-sjs>({.*?ScheduledServerJS.*?})</script>', webpage), (..., {json.loads}))
+        data = get_first(post_data, (
+            'require', ..., ..., ..., '__bbox', 'require', ..., ..., ...,
+            'entryPointRoot', 'otherProps', 'deeplinkAdCard', 'snapshot', {dict}))
         if not data:
             raise ExtractorError('Unable to extract ad data')
 
         title = data.get('title')
         if not title or title == '{{product.name}}':
             title = join_nonempty('display_format', 'page_name', delim=' by ', from_dict=data)
+        markup_id = traverse_obj(data, ('body', '__m', {str}))
+        markup = traverse_obj(post_data, (
+            ..., 'require', ..., ..., ..., '__bbox', 'markup', lambda _, v: v[0].startswith(markup_id),
+            ..., '__html', {clean_html}, {lambda x: not x.startswith('{{product.') and x}, any))
 
-        info_dict = traverse_obj(data, {
-            'description': ('link_description', {str}, {lambda x: x if x != '{{product.description}}' else None}),
+        info_dict = merge_dicts({
+            'title': title,
+            'description': markup or None,
+        }, traverse_obj(data, {
+            'description': ('link_description', {lambda x: x if not x.startswith('{{product.') else None}),
             'uploader': ('page_name', {str}),
             'uploader_id': ('page_id', {str_or_none}),
             'uploader_url': ('page_profile_uri', {url_or_none}),
             'timestamp': ('creation_time', {int_or_none}),
             'like_count': ('page_like_count', {int_or_none}),
-        })
+        }))
 
         entries = []
         for idx, entry in enumerate(traverse_obj(
-            data, (('videos', 'cards'), lambda _, v: any(url_or_none(v[f]) for f in self._FORMATS_MAP))), 1,
+            data, (('videos', 'cards'), lambda _, v: any(url_or_none(v.get(f)) for f in self._FORMATS_MAP))), 1,
         ):
             entries.append({
                 'id': f'{video_id}_{idx}',
                 'title': entry.get('title') or title,
-                'description': entry.get('link_description') or info_dict.get('description'),
+                'description': traverse_obj(entry, 'body', 'link_description') or info_dict.get('description'),
                 'thumbnail': url_or_none(entry.get('video_preview_image_url')),
                 'formats': self._extract_formats(entry),
             })
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/fc2.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/fc2.py
index eac70f6a9..f7b883155 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/fc2.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/fc2.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ from ..utils import (
 
 
 class FC2IE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'^(?:https?://video\.fc2\.com/(?:[^/]+/)*content/|fc2:)(?P<id>[^/]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'(?:https?://video\.fc2\.com/(?:[^/]+/)*content/|fc2:)(?P<id>[^/]+)'
     IE_NAME = 'fc2'
     _NETRC_MACHINE = 'fc2'
     _TESTS = [{
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/funimation.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/funimation.py
index d3e61c84f..01b53bcde 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/funimation.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/funimation.py
@@ -193,9 +193,9 @@ class FunimationIE(FunimationBaseIE):
 
         for lang, version, fmt in self._get_experiences(episode):
             experience_id = str(fmt['experienceId'])
-            if (only_initial_experience and experience_id != initial_experience_id
-                    or requested_languages and lang.lower() not in requested_languages
-                    or requested_versions and version.lower() not in requested_versions):
+            if ((only_initial_experience and experience_id != initial_experience_id)
+                    or (requested_languages and lang.lower() not in requested_languages)
+                    or (requested_versions and version.lower() not in requested_versions)):
                 continue
             thumbnails.append({'url': fmt.get('poster')})
             duration = max(duration, fmt.get('duration', 0))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/funk.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/funk.py
index 8bdea3fce..ef8ea72a8 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/funk.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/funk.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ from .nexx import NexxIE
 
 
 class FunkIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.|origin\.)?funk\.net/(?:channel|playlist)/[^/]+/(?P<display_id>[0-9a-z-]+)-(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:(?:www|origin|play)\.)?funk\.net/(?:channel|playlist)/[^/?#]+/(?P<display_id>[0-9a-z-]+)-(?P<id>\d+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.funk.net/channel/ba-793/die-lustigsten-instrumente-aus-dem-internet-teil-2-1155821',
         'md5': '8610449476156f338761a75391b0017d',
@@ -27,6 +27,9 @@ class FunkIE(InfoExtractor):
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.funk.net/playlist/neuesteVideos/kameras-auf-dem-fusion-festival-1618699',
         'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://play.funk.net/playlist/neuesteVideos/george-floyd-wenn-die-polizei-toetet-der-fall-2004391',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/gamedevtv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/gamedevtv.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..06e8b7356
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/gamedevtv.py
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+import json
+
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
+from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
+    clean_html,
+    int_or_none,
+    join_nonempty,
+    parse_iso8601,
+    str_or_none,
+    url_or_none,
+)
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+
+
+class GameDevTVDashboardIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?gamedev\.tv/dashboard/courses/(?P<course_id>\d+)(?:/(?P<lecture_id>\d+))?'
+    _NETRC_MACHINE = 'gamedevtv'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.gamedev.tv/dashboard/courses/25',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '25',
+            'title': 'Complete Blender Creator 3: Learn 3D Modelling for Beginners',
+            'tags': ['blender', 'course', 'all', 'box modelling', 'sculpting'],
+            'categories': ['Blender', '3D Art'],
+            'thumbnail': 'https://gamedev-files.b-cdn.net/courses/qisc9pmu1jdc.jpg',
+            'upload_date': '20220516',
+            'timestamp': 1652694420,
+            'modified_date': '20241027',
+            'modified_timestamp': 1730049658,
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 100,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.gamedev.tv/dashboard/courses/63/2279',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'df04f4d8-68a4-4756-a71b-9ca9446c3a01',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'modified_timestamp': 1701695752,
+            'upload_date': '20230504',
+            'episode': 'MagicaVoxel Community Course Introduction',
+            'series_id': '63',
+            'title': 'MagicaVoxel Community Course Introduction',
+            'timestamp': 1683195397,
+            'modified_date': '20231204',
+            'categories': ['3D Art', 'MagicaVoxel'],
+            'season': 'MagicaVoxel Community Course',
+            'tags': ['MagicaVoxel', 'all', 'course'],
+            'series': 'MagicaVoxel 3D Art Mini Course',
+            'duration': 1405,
+            'episode_number': 1,
+            'season_number': 1,
+            'season_id': '219',
+            'description': 'md5:a378738c5bbec1c785d76c067652d650',
+            'display_id': '63-219-2279',
+            'alt_title': '1_CC_MVX MagicaVoxel Community Course Introduction.mp4',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://vz-23691c65-6fa.b-cdn.net/df04f4d8-68a4-4756-a71b-9ca9446c3a01/thumbnail.jpg',
+        },
+    }]
+    _API_HEADERS = {}
+
+    def _perform_login(self, username, password):
+        try:
+            response = self._download_json(
+                'https://api.gamedev.tv/api/students/login', None, 'Logging in',
+                headers={'Content-Type': 'application/json'},
+                data=json.dumps({
+                    'email': username,
+                    'password': password,
+                    'cart_items': [],
+                }).encode())
+        except ExtractorError as e:
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 401:
+                raise ExtractorError('Invalid username/password', expected=True)
+            raise
+
+        self._API_HEADERS['Authorization'] = f'{response["token_type"]} {response["access_token"]}'
+
+    def _real_initialize(self):
+        if not self._API_HEADERS.get('Authorization'):
+            self.raise_login_required(
+                'This content is only available with purchase', method='password')
+
+    def _entries(self, data, course_id, course_info, selected_lecture):
+        for section in traverse_obj(data, ('sections', ..., {dict})):
+            section_info = traverse_obj(section, {
+                'season_id': ('id', {str_or_none}),
+                'season': ('title', {str}),
+                'season_number': ('order', {int_or_none}),
+            })
+            for lecture in traverse_obj(section, ('lectures', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['video']['playListUrl']))):
+                if selected_lecture and str(lecture.get('id')) != selected_lecture:
+                    continue
+                display_id = join_nonempty(course_id, section_info.get('season_id'), lecture.get('id'))
+                formats, subtitles = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                    lecture['video']['playListUrl'], display_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls')
+                yield {
+                    **course_info,
+                    **section_info,
+                    'id': display_id,  # fallback
+                    'display_id': display_id,
+                    'formats': formats,
+                    'subtitles': subtitles,
+                    'series': course_info.get('title'),
+                    'series_id': course_id,
+                    **traverse_obj(lecture, {
+                        'id': ('video', 'guid', {str}),
+                        'title': ('title', {str}),
+                        'alt_title': ('video', 'title', {str}),
+                        'description': ('description', {clean_html}),
+                        'episode': ('title', {str}),
+                        'episode_number': ('order', {int_or_none}),
+                        'duration': ('video', 'duration_in_sec', {int_or_none}),
+                        'timestamp': ('video', 'created_at', {parse_iso8601}),
+                        'modified_timestamp': ('video', 'updated_at', {parse_iso8601}),
+                        'thumbnail': ('video', 'thumbnailUrl', {url_or_none}),
+                    }),
+                }
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        course_id, lecture_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('course_id', 'lecture_id')
+        data = self._download_json(
+            f'https://api.gamedev.tv/api/courses/my/{course_id}', course_id,
+            headers=self._API_HEADERS)['data']
+
+        course_info = traverse_obj(data, {
+            'title': ('title', {str}),
+            'tags': ('tags', ..., 'name', {str}),
+            'categories': ('categories', ..., 'title', {str}),
+            'timestamp': ('created_at', {parse_iso8601}),
+            'modified_timestamp': ('updated_at', {parse_iso8601}),
+            'thumbnail': ('image', {url_or_none}),
+        })
+
+        entries = self._entries(data, course_id, course_info, lecture_id)
+        if lecture_id:
+            lecture = next(entries, None)
+            if not lecture:
+                raise ExtractorError('Lecture not found')
+            return lecture
+        return self.playlist_result(entries, course_id, **course_info)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/generic.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/generic.py
index 04cffaa86..320a47772 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/generic.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/generic.py
@@ -8,6 +8,9 @@ from .common import InfoExtractor
 from .commonprotocols import RtmpIE
 from .youtube import YoutubeIE
 from ..compat import compat_etree_fromstring
+from ..cookies import LenientSimpleCookie
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
+from ..networking.impersonate import ImpersonateTarget
 from ..utils import (
     KNOWN_EXTENSIONS,
     MEDIA_EXTENSIONS,
@@ -2340,7 +2343,7 @@ class GenericIE(InfoExtractor):
                 default_search = 'fixup_error'
 
             if default_search in ('auto', 'auto_warning', 'fixup_error'):
-                if re.match(r'^[^\s/]+\.[^\s/]+/', url):
+                if re.match(r'[^\s/]+\.[^\s/]+/', url):
                     self.report_warning('The url doesn\'t specify the protocol, trying with http')
                     return self.url_result('http://' + url)
                 elif default_search != 'fixup_error':
@@ -2373,6 +2376,11 @@ class GenericIE(InfoExtractor):
         else:
             video_id = self._generic_id(url)
 
+        # Do not impersonate by default; see https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11335
+        impersonate = self._configuration_arg('impersonate', ['false'])
+        if 'false' in impersonate:
+            impersonate = None
+
         # Some webservers may serve compressed content of rather big size (e.g. gzipped flac)
         # making it impossible to download only chunk of the file (yet we need only 512kB to
         # test whether it's HTML or not). According to yt-dlp default Accept-Encoding
@@ -2381,10 +2389,29 @@ class GenericIE(InfoExtractor):
         # to accept raw bytes and being able to download only a chunk.
         # It may probably better to solve this by checking Content-Type for application/octet-stream
         # after a HEAD request, but not sure if we can rely on this.
-        full_response = self._request_webpage(url, video_id, headers=filter_dict({
-            'Accept-Encoding': 'identity',
-            'Referer': smuggled_data.get('referer'),
-        }))
+        try:
+            full_response = self._request_webpage(url, video_id, headers=filter_dict({
+                'Accept-Encoding': 'identity',
+                'Referer': smuggled_data.get('referer'),
+            }), impersonate=impersonate)
+        except ExtractorError as e:
+            if not (isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 403
+                    and e.cause.response.get_header('cf-mitigated') == 'challenge'
+                    and e.cause.response.extensions.get('impersonate') is None):
+                raise
+            cf_cookie_domain = traverse_obj(
+                LenientSimpleCookie(e.cause.response.get_header('set-cookie')),
+                ('__cf_bm', 'domain'))
+            if cf_cookie_domain:
+                self.write_debug(f'Clearing __cf_bm cookie for {cf_cookie_domain}')
+                self.cookiejar.clear(domain=cf_cookie_domain, path='/', name='__cf_bm')
+            msg = 'Got HTTP Error 403 caused by Cloudflare anti-bot challenge; '
+            if not self._downloader._impersonate_target_available(ImpersonateTarget()):
+                msg += ('see  https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp#impersonation  for '
+                        'how to install the required impersonation dependency, and ')
+            raise ExtractorError(
+                f'{msg}try again with  --extractor-args "generic:impersonate"', expected=True)
+
         new_url = full_response.url
         if new_url != extract_basic_auth(url)[0]:
             self.report_following_redirect(new_url)
@@ -2400,7 +2427,7 @@ class GenericIE(InfoExtractor):
 
         # Check for direct link to a video
         content_type = full_response.headers.get('Content-Type', '').lower()
-        m = re.match(r'^(?P<type>audio|video|application(?=/(?:ogg$|(?:vnd\.apple\.|x-)?mpegurl)))/(?P<format_id>[^;\s]+)', content_type)
+        m = re.match(r'(?P<type>audio|video|application(?=/(?:ogg$|(?:vnd\.apple\.|x-)?mpegurl)))/(?P<format_id>[^;\s]+)', content_type)
         if m:
             self.report_detected('direct video link')
             headers = filter_dict({'Referer': smuggled_data.get('referer')})
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/germanupa.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/germanupa.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e40f016b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/germanupa.py
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from .vimeo import VimeoIE
+from ..utils import (
+    parse_qs,
+    traverse_obj,
+    url_or_none,
+)
+
+
+class GermanupaIE(InfoExtractor):
+    IE_DESC = 'germanupa.de'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://germanupa\.de/mediathek/(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://germanupa.de/mediathek/4-figma-beratung-deine-sprechstunde-fuer-figma-fragen',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '909179246',
+            'title': 'Tutorial: #4 Figma Beratung - Deine Sprechstunde für Figma-Fragen',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'uploader': 'German UPA',
+            'uploader_id': 'germanupa',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/1792564420-7415283ccef8bf8702dab8c6b7515555ceeb7a1c11371ffcc133b8e887dbf70e-d_1280',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://vimeo.com/germanupa',
+            'duration': 3987,
+        },
+        'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }, {
+        'note': 'audio, uses GenericIE',
+        'url': 'https://germanupa.de/mediathek/live-vom-ux-festival-neuigkeiten-von-figma-jobmarkt-agenturszene-interview-zu-sustainable',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1867346676',
+            'title': 'Live vom UX Festival: Neuigkeiten von Figma, Jobmarkt, Agenturszene & Interview zu Sustainable UX',
+            'ext': 'opus',
+            'timestamp': 1720545088,
+            'upload_date': '20240709',
+            'duration': 3910.557,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'description': 'md5:db2aed5ff131e177a7b33901e9a8db05',
+            'uploader': 'German UPA',
+            'repost_count': int,
+            'genres': ['Science'],
+            'license': 'all-rights-reserved',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://soundcloud.com/user-80097677',
+            'uploader_id': '471579486',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://i1.sndcdn.com/artworks-oCti2e9GhaZFWBqY-48ybGw-original.jpg',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'note': 'Nur für Mitglieder/Just for members',
+        'url': 'https://germanupa.de/mediathek/ux-festival-2024-usability-tests-und-ai',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '986994430',
+            'title': 'UX Festival 2024 "Usability Tests und AI" von Lennart Weber',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'release_date': '20240719',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://vimeo.com/germanupa',
+            'timestamp': 1721373980,
+            'license': 'by-sa',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/1904187064-2a672630c30f9ad787bd390bff3f51d7506a3e8416763ba6dbf465732b165c5c-d_1280',
+            'duration': 2146,
+            'release_timestamp': 1721373980,
+            'uploader': 'German UPA',
+            'uploader_id': 'germanupa',
+            'upload_date': '20240719',
+            'comment_count': int,
+        },
+        'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
+        'skip': 'login required',
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+
+        param_url = traverse_obj(
+            self._search_regex(
+                r'<iframe[^>]+data-src\s*?=\s*?([\'"])(?P<url>https://germanupa\.de/media/oembed\?url=(?:(?!\1).)+)\1',
+                webpage, 'embedded video', default=None, group='url'),
+            ({parse_qs}, 'url', 0, {url_or_none}))
+
+        if not param_url:
+            if self._search_regex(
+                    r'<div[^>]+class\s*?=\s*?([\'"])(?:(?!\1).)*login-wrapper(?:(?!\1).)*\1',
+                    webpage, 'login wrapper', default=None):
+                self.raise_login_required('This video is only available for members')
+            return self.url_result(url, 'Generic')  # Fall back to generic to extract audio
+
+        real_url = param_url.replace('https://vimeo.com/', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/')
+        return self.url_result(VimeoIE._smuggle_referrer(real_url, url), VimeoIE, video_id)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/getcourseru.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/getcourseru.py
index 53b881011..b7581d77e 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/getcourseru.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/getcourseru.py
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ class GetCourseRuIE(InfoExtractor):
     _BASE_URL_RE = rf'https?://(?:(?!player02\.)[^.]+\.getcourse\.(?:ru|io)|{"|".join(map(re.escape, _DOMAINS))})'
     _VALID_URL = [
         rf'{_BASE_URL_RE}/(?!pl/|teach/)(?P<id>[^?#]+)',
-        rf'{_BASE_URL_RE}/(:?pl/)?teach/control/lesson/view\?(?:[^#]+&)?id=(?P<id>\d+)',
+        rf'{_BASE_URL_RE}/(?:pl/)?teach/control/lesson/view\?(?:[^#]+&)?id=(?P<id>\d+)',
     ]
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'http://academymel.online/3video_1',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/golem.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/golem.py
index 90d2fe6c2..964bf6519 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/golem.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/golem.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ from ..utils import (
 
 
 class GolemIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'^https?://video\.golem\.de/.+?/(?P<id>.+?)/'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://video\.golem\.de/.+?/(?P<id>.+?)/'
     _TEST = {
         'url': 'http://video.golem.de/handy/14095/iphone-6-und-6-plus-test.html',
         'md5': 'c1a2c0a3c863319651c7c992c5ee29bf',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/goplay.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/goplay.py
index dfe5afe63..32300f75c 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/goplay.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/goplay.py
@@ -5,56 +5,63 @@ import hashlib
 import hmac
 import json
 import os
+import re
+import urllib.parse
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
+    int_or_none,
+    js_to_json,
+    remove_end,
     traverse_obj,
-    unescapeHTML,
 )
 
 
 class GoPlayIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(www\.)?goplay\.be/video/([^/]+/[^/]+/|)(?P<display_id>[^/#]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(www\.)?goplay\.be/video/([^/?#]+/[^/?#]+/|)(?P<id>[^/#]+)'
 
     _NETRC_MACHINE = 'goplay'
 
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.goplay.be/video/de-container-cup/de-container-cup-s3/de-container-cup-s3-aflevering-2#autoplay',
+        'url': 'https://www.goplay.be/video/de-slimste-mens-ter-wereld/de-slimste-mens-ter-wereld-s22/de-slimste-mens-ter-wereld-s22-aflevering-1',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '9c4214b8-e55d-4e4b-a446-f015f6c6f811',
+            'id': '2baa4560-87a0-421b-bffc-359914e3c387',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'S3 - Aflevering 2',
-            'series': 'De Container Cup',
-            'season': 'Season 3',
-            'season_number': 3,
-            'episode': 'Episode 2',
-            'episode_number': 2,
+            'title': 'S22 - Aflevering 1',
+            'description': r're:In aflevering 1 nemen Daan Alferink, Tess Elst en Xander De Rycke .{66}',
+            'series': 'De Slimste Mens ter Wereld',
+            'episode': 'Episode 1',
+            'season_number': 22,
+            'episode_number': 1,
+            'season': 'Season 22',
         },
+        'params': {'skip_download': True},
         'skip': 'This video is only available for registered users',
     }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.goplay.be/video/a-family-for-thr-holidays-s1-aflevering-1#autoplay',
+        'url': 'https://www.goplay.be/video/1917',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '74e3ed07-748c-49e4-85a0-393a93337dbf',
+            'id': '40cac41d-8d29-4ef5-aa11-75047b9f0907',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'A Family for the Holidays',
+            'title': '1917',
+            'description': r're:Op het hoogtepunt van de Eerste Wereldoorlog krijgen twee jonge .{94}',
         },
+        'params': {'skip_download': True},
         'skip': 'This video is only available for registered users',
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.goplay.be/video/de-mol/de-mol-s11/de-mol-s11-aflevering-1#autoplay',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '03eb8f2f-153e-41cb-9805-0d3a29dab656',
+            'id': 'ecb79672-92b9-4cd9-a0d7-e2f0250681ee',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'S11 - Aflevering 1',
+            'description': r're:Tien kandidaten beginnen aan hun verovering van Amerika en ontmoeten .{102}',
             'episode': 'Episode 1',
             'series': 'De Mol',
             'season_number': 11,
             'episode_number': 1,
             'season': 'Season 11',
         },
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': True,
-        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': True},
         'skip': 'This video is only available for registered users',
     }]
 
@@ -69,27 +76,42 @@ class GoPlayIE(InfoExtractor):
         if not self._id_token:
             raise self.raise_login_required(method='password')
 
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        url, display_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group(0, 'display_id')
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
-        video_data_json = self._html_search_regex(r'<div\s+data-hero="([^"]+)"', webpage, 'video_data')
-        video_data = self._parse_json(unescapeHTML(video_data_json), display_id).get('data')
+    def _find_json(self, s):
+        return self._search_json(
+            r'\w+\s*:\s*', s, 'next js data', None, contains_pattern=r'\[(?s:.+)\]', default=None)
 
-        movie = video_data.get('movie')
-        if movie:
-            video_id = movie['videoUuid']
-            info_dict = {
-                'title': movie.get('title'),
-            }
-        else:
-            episode = traverse_obj(video_data, ('playlists', ..., 'episodes', lambda _, v: v['pageInfo']['url'] == url), get_all=False)
-            video_id = episode['videoUuid']
-            info_dict = {
-                'title': episode.get('episodeTitle'),
-                'series': traverse_obj(episode, ('program', 'title')),
-                'season_number': episode.get('seasonNumber'),
-                'episode_number': episode.get('episodeNumber'),
-            }
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        display_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
+
+        nextjs_data = traverse_obj(
+            re.findall(r'<script[^>]*>\s*self\.__next_f\.push\(\s*(\[.+?\])\s*\);?\s*</script>', webpage),
+            (..., {js_to_json}, {json.loads}, ..., {self._find_json}, ...))
+        meta = traverse_obj(nextjs_data, (
+            ..., lambda _, v: v['meta']['path'] == urllib.parse.urlparse(url).path, 'meta', any))
+
+        video_id = meta['uuid']
+        info_dict = traverse_obj(meta, {
+            'title': ('title', {str}),
+            'description': ('description', {str.strip}),
+        })
+
+        if traverse_obj(meta, ('program', 'subtype')) != 'movie':
+            for season_data in traverse_obj(nextjs_data, (..., 'children', ..., 'playlists', ...)):
+                episode_data = traverse_obj(
+                    season_data, ('videos', lambda _, v: v['videoId'] == video_id, any))
+                if not episode_data:
+                    continue
+
+                episode_title = traverse_obj(
+                    episode_data, 'contextualTitle', 'episodeTitle', expected_type=str)
+                info_dict.update({
+                    'title': episode_title or info_dict.get('title'),
+                    'series': remove_end(info_dict.get('title'), f' - {episode_title}'),
+                    'season_number': traverse_obj(season_data, ('season', {int_or_none})),
+                    'episode_number': traverse_obj(episode_data, ('episodeNumber', {int_or_none})),
+                })
+                break
 
         api = self._download_json(
             f'https://api.goplay.be/web/v1/videos/long-form/{video_id}',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/hrfensehen.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/hrfensehen.py
index 17673d5b8..b5a7b14a5 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/hrfensehen.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/hrfensehen.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ from ..utils import (
 
 class HRFernsehenIE(InfoExtractor):
     IE_NAME = 'hrfernsehen'
-    _VALID_URL = r'^https?://www\.(?:hr-fernsehen|hessenschau)\.de/.*,video-(?P<id>[0-9]{6})\.html'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.(?:hr-fernsehen|hessenschau)\.de/.*,video-(?P<id>[0-9]{6})\.html'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.hessenschau.de/tv-sendung/hessenschau-vom-26082020,video-130546.html',
         'md5': '5c4e0ba94677c516a2f65a84110fc536',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/huya.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/huya.py
index 5663a78a3..f79e032e4 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/huya.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/huya.py
@@ -8,15 +8,19 @@ from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     int_or_none,
+    parse_duration,
     str_or_none,
     try_get,
     unescapeHTML,
+    unified_strdate,
     update_url_query,
+    url_or_none,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
 
 
 class HuyaLiveIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.|m\.)?huya\.com/(?P<id>[^/#?&]+)(?:\D|$)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.|m\.)?huya\.com/(?!(?:video/play/))(?P<id>[^/#?&]+)(?:\D|$)'
     IE_NAME = 'huya:live'
     IE_DESC = 'huya.com'
     TESTS = [{
@@ -24,6 +28,7 @@ class HuyaLiveIE(InfoExtractor):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '572329',
             'title': str,
+            'ext': 'flv',
             'description': str,
             'is_live': True,
             'view_count': int,
@@ -131,3 +136,76 @@ class HuyaLiveIE(InfoExtractor):
         fm = base64.b64decode(params['fm']).decode().split('_', 1)[0]
         ss = hashlib.md5('|'.join([params['seqid'], params['ctype'], params['t']]))
         return fm, ss
+
+
+class HuyaVideoIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?huya\.com/video/play/(?P<id>\d+)\.html'
+    IE_NAME = 'huya:video'
+    IE_DESC = '虎牙视频'
+
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.huya.com/video/play/1002412640.html',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1002412640',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '8月3日',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.*\.jpg',
+            'duration': 14,
+            'uploader': '虎牙-ATS欧卡车队青木',
+            'uploader_id': '1564376151',
+            'upload_date': '20240803',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+        },
+    },
+        {
+        'url': 'https://www.huya.com/video/play/556054543.html',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '556054543',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '我不挑事 也不怕事',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.*\.jpg',
+            'duration': 1864,
+            'uploader': '卡尔',
+            'uploader_id': '367138632',
+            'upload_date': '20210811',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url: str):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        video_data = self._download_json(
+            'https://liveapi.huya.com/moment/getMomentContent', video_id,
+            query={'videoId': video_id})['data']['moment']['videoInfo']
+
+        formats = []
+        for definition in traverse_obj(video_data, ('definitions', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['url']))):
+            formats.append({
+                'url': definition['url'],
+                **traverse_obj(definition, {
+                    'format_id': ('defName', {str}),
+                    'width': ('width', {int_or_none}),
+                    'height': ('height', {int_or_none}),
+                    'filesize': ('size', {int_or_none}),
+                }),
+            })
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'formats': formats,
+            **traverse_obj(video_data, {
+                'title': ('videoTitle', {str}),
+                'thumbnail': ('videoCover', {url_or_none}),
+                'duration': ('videoDuration', {parse_duration}),
+                'uploader': ('nickName', {str}),
+                'uploader_id': ('uid', {str_or_none}),
+                'upload_date': ('videoUploadTime', {unified_strdate}),
+                'view_count': ('videoPlayNum', {int_or_none}),
+                'comment_count': ('videoCommentNum', {int_or_none}),
+                'like_count': ('favorCount', {int_or_none}),
+            }),
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/ilpost.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/ilpost.py
index 2868f0c62..da203cf5f 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/ilpost.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/ilpost.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import functools
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
@@ -63,7 +62,7 @@ class IlPostIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'url': ('podcast_raw_url', {url_or_none}),
                 'thumbnail': ('image', {url_or_none}),
                 'timestamp': ('timestamp', {int_or_none}),
-                'duration': ('milliseconds', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                'duration': ('milliseconds', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'availability': ('free', {lambda v: 'public' if v else 'subscriber_only'}),
             }),
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/imgur.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/imgur.py
index f0c3419d4..e2644e6a4 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/imgur.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/imgur.py
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ class ImgurBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
 
 
 class ImgurIE(ImgurBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:i\.)?imgur\.com/(?!(?:a|gallery|t|topic|r)/)(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:i\.)?imgur\.com/(?!(?:a|gallery|t|topic|r)/)(?:[^/?#]+-)?(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9]+)'
 
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://imgur.com/A61SaA1',
@@ -54,6 +54,22 @@ class ImgurIE(ImgurBaseIE):
             'like_count': int,
             'thumbnail': 'https://i.imgur.com/A61SaA1h.jpg',
         },
+    }, {
+        # Test with URL slug
+        'url': 'https://imgur.com/mrw-gifv-is-up-running-without-any-bugs-A61SaA1',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'A61SaA1',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'MRW gifv is up and running without any bugs',
+            'timestamp': 1416446068,
+            'upload_date': '20141120',
+            'dislike_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'release_timestamp': 1416446068,
+            'release_date': '20141120',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://i.imgur.com/A61SaA1h.jpg',
+        },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://i.imgur.com/A61SaA1.gifv',
         'only_matching': True,
@@ -92,6 +108,7 @@ class ImgurIE(ImgurBaseIE):
             'comment_count': int,
             'release_timestamp': 1710491255,
             'release_date': '20240315',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://i.imgur.com/zV03bd5h.jpg',
         },
     }]
 
@@ -208,7 +225,10 @@ class ImgurIE(ImgurBaseIE):
             }), get_all=False),
             'id': video_id,
             'formats': formats,
-            'thumbnail': url_or_none(search('thumbnailUrl')),
+            'thumbnails': [{
+                'url': thumbnail_url,
+                'http_headers': {'Accept': '*/*'},
+            }] if (thumbnail_url := search(['thumbnailUrl', 'twitter:image', 'og:image'])) else None,
             'http_headers': {'Accept': '*/*'},
         }
 
@@ -252,17 +272,9 @@ class ImgurGalleryBaseIE(ImgurBaseIE):
 
 class ImgurGalleryIE(ImgurGalleryBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'imgur:gallery'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:i\.)?imgur\.com/(?:gallery|(?:t(?:opic)?|r)/[^/?#]+)/(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:i\.)?imgur\.com/(?:gallery|(?:t(?:opic)?|r)/[^/?#]+)/(?:[^/?#]+-)?(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9]+)'
 
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'http://imgur.com/gallery/Q95ko',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'Q95ko',
-            'title': 'Adding faces make every GIF better',
-        },
-        'playlist_count': 25,
-        'skip': 'Zoinks! You\'ve taken a wrong turn.',
-    }, {
         # TODO: static images - replace with animated/video gallery
         'url': 'http://imgur.com/topic/Aww/ll5Vk',
         'only_matching': True,
@@ -280,7 +292,27 @@ class ImgurGalleryIE(ImgurGalleryBaseIE):
             'release_timestamp': 1358554297,
             'thumbnail': 'https://i.imgur.com/YcAQlkxh.jpg',
             'release_date': '20130119',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://i.imgur.com/u3R4I2S_d.png?maxwidth=290&fidelity=grand',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://i.imgur.com/N5Flb2v_d.png?maxwidth=290&fidelity=grand',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'dislike_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+        },
+    }, {
+        # Test with slug
+        'url': 'https://imgur.com/gallery/classic-steve-carell-gif-cracks-me-up-everytime-repost-downvotes-YcAQlkx',
+        'add_ies': ['Imgur'],
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'YcAQlkx',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Classic Steve Carell gif...cracks me up everytime....damn the repost downvotes....',
+            'timestamp': 1358554297,
+            'upload_date': '20130119',
+            'uploader_id': '1648642',
+            'uploader': 'wittyusernamehere',
+            'release_timestamp': 1358554297,
+            'release_date': '20130119',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://i.imgur.com/YcAQlkxh.jpg',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://i.imgur.com/N5Flb2v_d.png?maxwidth=290&fidelity=grand',
             'comment_count': int,
             'dislike_count': int,
             'like_count': int,
@@ -317,6 +349,13 @@ class ImgurGalleryIE(ImgurGalleryBaseIE):
             'title': 'Penguins !',
         },
         'playlist_count': 3,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://imgur.com/t/unmuted/penguins-penguins-6lAn9VQ',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '6lAn9VQ',
+            'title': 'Penguins !',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 3,
     }, {
         'url': 'https://imgur.com/t/unmuted/kx2uD3C',
         'add_ies': ['Imgur'],
@@ -357,7 +396,7 @@ class ImgurGalleryIE(ImgurGalleryBaseIE):
 
 class ImgurAlbumIE(ImgurGalleryBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'imgur:album'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:i\.)?imgur\.com/a/(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:i\.)?imgur\.com/a/(?:[^/?#]+-)?(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9]+)'
     _GALLERY = False
     _TESTS = [{
         # TODO: only static images - replace with animated/video gallery
@@ -372,6 +411,14 @@ class ImgurAlbumIE(ImgurGalleryBaseIE):
             'title': 'enen-no-shouboutai',
         },
         'playlist_count': 2,
+    }, {
+        # Test with URL slug
+        'url': 'https://imgur.com/a/enen-no-shouboutai-iX265HX',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'iX265HX',
+            'title': 'enen-no-shouboutai',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 2,
     }, {
         'url': 'https://imgur.com/a/8pih2Ed',
         'info_dict': {
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/instagram.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/instagram.py
index 754f710ae..55086d0b2 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/instagram.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/instagram.py
@@ -48,7 +48,6 @@ class InstagramBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
         'X-IG-WWW-Claim': '0',
         'Origin': 'https://www.instagram.com',
         'Accept': '*/*',
-        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36',
     }
 
     def _perform_login(self, username, password):
@@ -255,7 +254,7 @@ class InstagramIOSIE(InfoExtractor):
 
 
 class InstagramIE(InstagramBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'(?P<url>https?://(?:www\.)?instagram\.com(?:/[^/]+)?/(?:p|tv|reels?(?!/audio/))/(?P<id>[^/?#&]+))'
+    _VALID_URL = r'(?P<url>https?://(?:www\.)?instagram\.com(?:/(?!share/)[^/?#]+)?/(?:p|tv|reels?(?!/audio/))/(?P<id>[^/?#&]+))'
     _EMBED_REGEX = [r'<iframe[^>]+src=(["\'])(?P<url>(?:https?:)?//(?:www\.)?instagram\.com/p/[^/]+/embed.*?)\1']
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://instagram.com/p/aye83DjauH/?foo=bar#abc',
@@ -435,10 +434,10 @@ class InstagramIE(InstagramBaseIE):
                 'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest',
                 'Referer': url,
             }, query={
-                'query_hash': '9f8827793ef34641b2fb195d4d41151c',
+                'doc_id': '8845758582119845',
                 'variables': json.dumps(variables, separators=(',', ':')),
             })
-        media.update(traverse_obj(general_info, ('data', 'shortcode_media')) or {})
+        media.update(traverse_obj(general_info, ('data', 'xdt_shortcode_media')) or {})
 
         if not general_info:
             self.report_warning('General metadata extraction failed (some metadata might be missing).', video_id)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/iprima.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/iprima.py
index ab26dc5ef..9b91a454b 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/iprima.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/iprima.py
@@ -25,9 +25,29 @@ class IPrimaIE(InfoExtractor):
             'id': 'p51388',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'Partička (92)',
-            'description': 'md5:859d53beae4609e6dd7796413f1b6cac',
-            'upload_date': '20201103',
-            'timestamp': 1604437480,
+            'description': 'md5:57943f6a50d6188288c3a579d2fd5f01',
+            'episode': 'Partička (92)',
+            'season': 'Partička',
+            'series': 'Prima Partička',
+            'episode_number': 92,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://d31b9s05ygj54s.cloudfront.net/prima-plus/image/video-ef6cf9de-c980-4443-92e4-17fe8bccd45c-16x9.jpeg',
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': True,  # m3u8 download
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://zoom.iprima.cz/porady/krasy-kanarskych-ostrovu/tenerife-v-risi-ohne',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'p1412199',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'episode_number': 3,
+            'episode': 'Tenerife: V říši ohně',
+            'description': 'md5:4b4a05c574b5eaef130e68d4811c3f2c',
+            'duration': 3111.0,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://d31b9s05ygj54s.cloudfront.net/prima-plus/image/video-f66dd7fb-c1a0-47d1-b3bc-7db328d566c5-16x9-1711636518.jpg/t_16x9_medium_1366_768',
+            'title': 'Tenerife: V říši ohně',
+            'timestamp': 1711825800,
+            'upload_date': '20240330',
         },
         'params': {
             'skip_download': True,  # m3u8 download
@@ -131,6 +151,7 @@ class IPrimaIE(InfoExtractor):
         video_id = self._search_regex((
             r'productId\s*=\s*([\'"])(?P<id>p\d+)\1',
             r'pproduct_id\s*=\s*([\'"])(?P<id>p\d+)\1',
+            r'let\s+videos\s*=\s*([\'"])(?P<id>p\d+)\1',
         ), webpage, 'real id', group='id', default=None)
 
         if not video_id:
@@ -176,7 +197,7 @@ class IPrimaIE(InfoExtractor):
         final_result = self._search_json_ld(webpage, video_id, default={})
         final_result.update({
             'id': video_id,
-            'title': title,
+            'title': final_result.get('title') or title,
             'thumbnail': self._html_search_meta(
                 ['thumbnail', 'og:image', 'twitter:image'],
                 webpage, 'thumbnail', default=None),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/japandiet.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/japandiet.py
index 2ef091aff..994da22ae 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/japandiet.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/japandiet.py
@@ -194,11 +194,14 @@ class ShugiinItvVodIE(ShugiinItvBaseIE):
 
 
 class SangiinInstructionIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'^https?://www\.webtv\.sangiin\.go\.jp/webtv/index\.php'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.webtv\.sangiin\.go\.jp/webtv/index\.php'
     IE_DESC = False  # this shouldn't be listed as a supported site
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        raise ExtractorError('Copy the link from the botton below the video description or player, and use the link to download. If there are no button in the frame, get the URL of the frame showing the video.', expected=True)
+        raise ExtractorError(
+            'Copy the link from the button below the video description/player '
+            'and use that link to download. If there is no button in the frame, '
+            'get the URL of the frame showing the video.', expected=True)
 
 
 class SangiinIE(InfoExtractor):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/jiocinema.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/jiocinema.py
index 30d98ba79..94c85064e 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/jiocinema.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/jiocinema.py
@@ -326,11 +326,11 @@ class JioCinemaIE(JioCinemaBaseIE):
                 # fallback metadata
                 'title': ('name', {str}),
                 'description': ('fullSynopsis', {str}),
-                'series': ('show', 'name', {str}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'series': ('show', 'name', {str}, filter),
                 'season': ('tournamentName', {str}, {lambda x: x if x != 'Season 0' else None}),
-                'season_number': ('episode', 'season', {int_or_none}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'season_number': ('episode', 'season', {int_or_none}, filter),
                 'episode': ('fullTitle', {str}),
-                'episode_number': ('episode', 'episodeNo', {int_or_none}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'episode_number': ('episode', 'episodeNo', {int_or_none}, filter),
                 'age_limit': ('ageNemonic', {parse_age_limit}),
                 'duration': ('totalDuration', {float_or_none}),
                 'thumbnail': ('images', {url_or_none}),
@@ -338,10 +338,10 @@ class JioCinemaIE(JioCinemaBaseIE):
             **traverse_obj(metadata, ('result', 0, {
                 'title': ('fullTitle', {str}),
                 'description': ('fullSynopsis', {str}),
-                'series': ('showName', {str}, {lambda x: x or None}),
-                'season': ('seasonName', {str}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'series': ('showName', {str}, filter),
+                'season': ('seasonName', {str}, filter),
                 'season_number': ('season', {int_or_none}),
-                'season_id': ('seasonId', {str}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'season_id': ('seasonId', {str}, filter),
                 'episode': ('fullTitle', {str}),
                 'episode_number': ('episode', {int_or_none}),
                 'timestamp': ('uploadTime', {int_or_none}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/kaltura.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/kaltura.py
index e5737b1e9..6d51e32f6 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/kaltura.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/kaltura.py
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ class KalturaIE(InfoExtractor):
                 (?:
                     kaltura:(?P<partner_id>\w+):(?P<id>\w+)(?::(?P<player_type>\w+))?|
                     https?://
-                        (:?(?:www|cdnapi(?:sec)?)\.)?kaltura\.com(?::\d+)?/
+                        (?:(?:www|cdnapi(?:sec)?)\.)?kaltura\.com(?::\d+)?/
                         (?:
                             (?:
                                 # flash player
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/kenh14.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/kenh14.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3c46020e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/kenh14.py
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import (
+    clean_html,
+    extract_attributes,
+    get_element_by_class,
+    get_element_html_by_attribute,
+    get_elements_html_by_class,
+    int_or_none,
+    parse_duration,
+    parse_iso8601,
+    remove_start,
+    strip_or_none,
+    unescapeHTML,
+    update_url,
+    url_or_none,
+)
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+
+
+class Kenh14VideoIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://video\.kenh14\.vn/(?:video/)?[\w-]+-(?P<id>[0-9]+)\.chn'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://video.kenh14.vn/video/mo-hop-iphone-14-pro-max-nguon-unbox-therapy-316173.chn',
+        'md5': '1ed67f9c3a1e74acf15db69590cf6210',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '316173',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Video mở hộp iPhone 14 Pro Max (Nguồn: Unbox Therapy)',
+            'description': 'Video mở hộp iPhone 14 Pro MaxVideo mở hộp iPhone 14 Pro Max (Nguồn: Unbox Therapy)',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://videothumbs\.mediacdn\.vn/.*\.jpg$',
+            'tags': [],
+            'uploader': 'Unbox Therapy',
+            'upload_date': '20220517',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'duration': 722.86,
+            'timestamp': 1652764468,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://video.kenh14.vn/video-316174.chn',
+        'md5': '2b41877d2afaf4a3f487ceda8e5c7cbd',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '316174',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Khoảnh khắc VĐV nằm gục khóc sau chiến thắng: 7 năm trời Việt Nam mới có HCV kiếm chém nữ, chỉ có 8 tháng để khổ luyện trước khi lên sàn đấu',
+            'description': 'md5:de86aa22e143e2b277bce8ec9c6f17dc',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://videothumbs\.mediacdn\.vn/.*\.jpg$',
+            'tags': [],
+            'upload_date': '20220517',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'duration': 70.04,
+            'timestamp': 1652766021,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://video.kenh14.vn/0-344740.chn',
+        'md5': 'b843495d5e728142c8870c09b46df2a9',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '344740',
+            'ext': 'mov',
+            'title': 'Kỳ Duyên đầy căng thẳng trong buổi ra quân đi Miss Universe, nghi thức tuyên thuệ lần đầu xuất hiện gây nhiều tranh cãi',
+            'description': 'md5:2a2dbb4a7397169fb21ee68f09160497',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://kenh14cdn\.com/.*\.jpg$',
+            'tags': ['kỳ duyên', 'Kỳ Duyên tuyên thuệ', 'miss universe'],
+            'uploader': 'Quang Vũ',
+            'upload_date': '20241024',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'duration': 198.88,
+            'timestamp': 1729741590,
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+
+        attrs = extract_attributes(get_element_html_by_attribute('type', 'VideoStream', webpage) or '')
+        direct_url = attrs['data-vid']
+
+        metadata = self._download_json(
+            'https://api.kinghub.vn/video/api/v1/detailVideoByGet?FileName={}'.format(
+                remove_start(direct_url, 'kenh14cdn.com/')), video_id, fatal=False)
+
+        formats = [{'url': f'https://{direct_url}', 'format_id': 'http', 'quality': 1}]
+        subtitles = {}
+        video_data = self._download_json(
+            f'https://{direct_url}.json', video_id, note='Downloading video data', fatal=False)
+        if hls_url := traverse_obj(video_data, ('hls', {url_or_none})):
+            fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                hls_url, video_id, m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False)
+            formats.extend(fmts)
+            self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
+        if dash_url := traverse_obj(video_data, ('mpd', {url_or_none})):
+            fmts, subs = self._extract_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(
+                dash_url, video_id, mpd_id='dash', fatal=False)
+            formats.extend(fmts)
+            self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
+
+        return {
+            **traverse_obj(metadata, {
+                'duration': ('duration', {parse_duration}),
+                'uploader': ('author', {strip_or_none}),
+                'timestamp': ('uploadtime', {parse_iso8601(delimiter=' ')}),
+                'view_count': ('views', {int_or_none}),
+            }),
+            'id': video_id,
+            'title': (
+                traverse_obj(metadata, ('title', {strip_or_none}))
+                or clean_html(self._og_search_title(webpage))
+                or clean_html(get_element_by_class('vdbw-title', webpage))),
+            'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+            'description': (
+                clean_html(self._og_search_description(webpage))
+                or clean_html(get_element_by_class('vdbw-sapo', webpage))),
+            'thumbnail': (self._og_search_thumbnail(webpage) or attrs.get('data-thumb')),
+            'tags': traverse_obj(self._html_search_meta('keywords', webpage), (
+                {lambda x: x.split(';')}, ..., filter)),
+        }
+
+
+class Kenh14PlaylistIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://video\.kenh14\.vn/playlist/[\w-]+-(?P<id>[0-9]+)\.chn'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://video.kenh14.vn/playlist/tran-tinh-naked-love-mua-2-71.chn',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '71',
+            'title': 'Trần Tình (Naked love) mùa 2',
+            'description': 'md5:e9522339304956dea931722dd72eddb2',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://kenh14cdn\.com/.*\.png$',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 9,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://video.kenh14.vn/playlist/0-72.chn',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '72',
+            'title': 'Lau Lại Đầu Từ',
+            'description': 'Cùng xem xưa và nay có gì khác biệt nhé!',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://kenh14cdn\.com/.*\.png$',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 6,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        playlist_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, playlist_id)
+
+        category_detail = get_element_by_class('category-detail', webpage) or ''
+        embed_info = traverse_obj(
+            self._yield_json_ld(webpage, playlist_id),
+            (lambda _, v: v['name'] and v['alternateName'], any)) or {}
+
+        return self.playlist_from_matches(
+            get_elements_html_by_class('video-item', webpage), playlist_id,
+            (clean_html(get_element_by_class('name', category_detail)) or unescapeHTML(embed_info.get('name'))),
+            getter=lambda x: 'https://video.kenh14.vn/video/video-{}.chn'.format(extract_attributes(x)['data-id']),
+            ie=Kenh14VideoIE, playlist_description=(
+                clean_html(get_element_by_class('description', category_detail))
+                or unescapeHTML(embed_info.get('alternateName'))),
+            thumbnail=traverse_obj(
+                self._og_search_thumbnail(webpage),
+                ({url_or_none}, {update_url(query=None)})))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/khanacademy.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/khanacademy.py
index 3f03f9e4c..42eef3c92 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/khanacademy.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/khanacademy.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ from ..utils import (
 class KhanAcademyBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
     _VALID_URL_TEMPL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?khanacademy\.org/(?P<id>(?:[^/]+/){%s}%s[^?#/&]+)'
 
-    _PUBLISHED_CONTENT_VERSION = '171419ab20465d931b356f22d20527f13969bb70'
+    _PUBLISHED_CONTENT_VERSION = 'dc34750f0572c80f5effe7134082fe351143c1e4'
 
     def _parse_video(self, video):
         return {
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ class KhanAcademyBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
             query={
                 'fastly_cacheable': 'persist_until_publish',
                 'pcv': self._PUBLISHED_CONTENT_VERSION,
-                'hash': '1242644265',
+                'hash': '3712657851',
                 'variables': json.dumps({
                     'path': display_id,
                     'countryCode': 'US',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/kick.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/kick.py
index 1c1b2a177..1f001d421 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/kick.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/kick.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import functools
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..networking import HEADRequest
@@ -67,7 +66,7 @@ class KickIE(KickBaseIE):
 
     @classmethod
     def suitable(cls, url):
-        return False if KickClipIE.suitable(url) else super().suitable(url)
+        return False if (KickVODIE.suitable(url) or KickClipIE.suitable(url)) else super().suitable(url)
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         channel = self._match_id(url)
@@ -98,25 +97,25 @@ class KickIE(KickBaseIE):
 
 class KickVODIE(KickBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'kick:vod'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?kick\.com/video/(?P<id>[\da-f]{8}-(?:[\da-f]{4}-){3}[\da-f]{12})'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?kick\.com/[\w-]+/videos/(?P<id>[\da-f]{8}-(?:[\da-f]{4}-){3}[\da-f]{12})'
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://kick.com/video/e74614f4-5270-4319-90ad-32179f19a45c',
+        'url': 'https://kick.com/xqc/videos/8dd97a8d-e17f-48fb-8bc3-565f88dbc9ea',
         'md5': '3870f94153e40e7121a6e46c068b70cb',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'e74614f4-5270-4319-90ad-32179f19a45c',
+            'id': '8dd97a8d-e17f-48fb-8bc3-565f88dbc9ea',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': r're:❎ MEGA DRAMA ❎ LIVE ❎ CLICK ❎ ULTIMATE SKILLS .+',
+            'title': '18+ #ad 🛑LIVE🛑CLICK🛑DRAMA🛑NEWS🛑STUFF🛑REACT🛑GET IN HHERE🛑BOP BOP🛑WEEEE WOOOO🛑',
             'description': 'THE BEST AT ABSOLUTELY EVERYTHING. THE JUICER. LEADER OF THE JUICERS.',
             'channel': 'xqc',
             'channel_id': '668',
             'uploader': 'xQc',
             'uploader_id': '676',
-            'upload_date': '20240724',
-            'timestamp': 1721796562,
-            'duration': 18566.0,
+            'upload_date': '20240909',
+            'timestamp': 1725919141,
+            'duration': 10155.0,
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg',
             'view_count': int,
-            'categories': ['VALORANT'],
+            'categories': ['Just Chatting'],
             'age_limit': 0,
         },
         'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
@@ -137,7 +136,7 @@ class KickVODIE(KickBaseIE):
                 'uploader': ('livestream', 'channel', 'user', 'username', {str}),
                 'uploader_id': ('livestream', 'channel', 'user_id', {int}, {str_or_none}),
                 'timestamp': ('created_at', {parse_iso8601}),
-                'duration': ('livestream', 'duration', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                'duration': ('livestream', 'duration', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'thumbnail': ('livestream', 'thumbnail', {url_or_none}),
                 'categories': ('livestream', 'categories', ..., 'name', {str}),
                 'view_count': ('views', {int_or_none}),
@@ -148,7 +147,7 @@ class KickVODIE(KickBaseIE):
 
 class KickClipIE(KickBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'kick:clips'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?kick\.com/[\w-]+/?\?(?:[^#]+&)?clip=(?P<id>clip_[\w-]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?kick\.com/[\w-]+(?:/clips/|/?\?(?:[^#]+&)?clip=)(?P<id>clip_[\w-]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://kick.com/mxddy?clip=clip_01GYXVB5Y8PWAPWCWMSBCFB05X',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -189,6 +188,26 @@ class KickClipIE(KickBaseIE):
             'age_limit': 0,
         },
         'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://kick.com/spreen/clips/clip_01J8RGZRKHXHXXKJEHGRM932A5',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'clip_01J8RGZRKHXHXXKJEHGRM932A5',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'KLJASLDJKLJKASDLJKDAS',
+            'channel': 'spreen',
+            'channel_id': '5312671',
+            'uploader': 'AnormalBarraBaja',
+            'uploader_id': '26518262',
+            'duration': 43.0,
+            'upload_date': '20240927',
+            'timestamp': 1727399987,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://clips.kick.com/clips/f2/clip_01J8RGZRKHXHXXKJEHGRM932A5/thumbnail.webp',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'categories': ['Minecraft'],
+            'age_limit': 0,
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/kika.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/kika.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..69f4a3ce0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/kika.py
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import (
+    determine_ext,
+    int_or_none,
+    parse_duration,
+    parse_iso8601,
+    url_or_none,
+)
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+
+
+class KikaIE(InfoExtractor):
+    IE_DESC = 'KiKA.de'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?kika\.de/[\w/-]+/videos/(?P<id>[a-z-]+\d+)'
+    _GEO_COUNTRIES = ['DE']
+
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.kika.de/logo/videos/logo-vom-samstag-einunddreissig-august-zweitausendvierundzwanzig-100',
+        'md5': 'fbfc8da483719ef06f396e5e5b938c69',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'logo-vom-samstag-einunddreissig-august-zweitausendvierundzwanzig-100',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'upload_date': '20240831',
+            'timestamp': 1725126600,
+            'season_number': 2024,
+            'modified_date': '20240831',
+            'episode': 'Episode 476',
+            'episode_number': 476,
+            'season': 'Season 2024',
+            'duration': 634,
+            'title': 'logo! vom Samstag, 31. August 2024',
+            'modified_timestamp': 1725129983,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.kika.de/kaltstart/videos/video92498',
+        'md5': '710ece827e5055094afeb474beacb7aa',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'video92498',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '7. Wo ist Leo?',
+            'description': 'md5:fb48396a5b75068bcac1df74f1524920',
+            'duration': 436,
+            'timestamp': 1702926876,
+            'upload_date': '20231218',
+            'episode_number': 7,
+            'modified_date': '20240319',
+            'modified_timestamp': 1710880610,
+            'episode': 'Episode 7',
+            'season_number': 1,
+            'season': 'Season 1',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.kika.de/bernd-das-brot/astrobrot/videos/video90088',
+        'md5': 'ffd1b700d7de0a6616a1d08544c77294',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'video90088',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'upload_date': '20221102',
+            'timestamp': 1667390580,
+            'duration': 197,
+            'modified_timestamp': 1711093771,
+            'episode_number': 8,
+            'title': 'Es ist nicht leicht, ein Astrobrot zu sein',
+            'modified_date': '20240322',
+            'description': 'md5:d3641deaf1b5515a160788b2be4159a9',
+            'season_number': 1,
+            'episode': 'Episode 8',
+            'season': 'Season 1',
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+
+        doc = self._download_json(f'https://www.kika.de/_next-api/proxy/v1/videos/{video_id}', video_id)
+        video_assets = self._download_json(doc['assets']['url'], video_id)
+
+        subtitles = {}
+        if ttml_resource := url_or_none(video_assets.get('videoSubtitle')):
+            subtitles['de'] = [{
+                'url': ttml_resource,
+                'ext': 'ttml',
+            }]
+        if webvtt_resource := url_or_none(video_assets.get('webvttUrl')):
+            subtitles.setdefault('de', []).append({
+                'url': webvtt_resource,
+                'ext': 'vtt',
+            })
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'formats': list(self._extract_formats(video_assets, video_id)),
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+            **traverse_obj(doc, {
+                'title': ('title', {str}),
+                'description': ('description', {str}),
+                'timestamp': ('date', {parse_iso8601}),
+                'modified_timestamp': ('modificationDate', {parse_iso8601}),
+                'duration': ((
+                    ('durationInSeconds', {int_or_none}),
+                    ('duration', {parse_duration})), any),
+                'episode_number': ('episodeNumber', {int_or_none}),
+                'season_number': ('season', {int_or_none}),
+            }),
+        }
+
+    def _extract_formats(self, media_info, video_id):
+        for media in traverse_obj(media_info, ('assets', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['url']))):
+            stream_url = media['url']
+            ext = determine_ext(stream_url)
+            if ext == 'm3u8':
+                yield from self._extract_m3u8_formats(
+                    stream_url, video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False)
+            else:
+                yield {
+                    'url': stream_url,
+                    'format_id': ext,
+                    **traverse_obj(media, {
+                        'width': ('frameWidth', {int_or_none}),
+                        'height': ('frameHeight', {int_or_none}),
+                        # NB: filesize is 0 if unknown, bitrate is -1 if unknown
+                        'filesize': ('fileSize', {int_or_none}, filter),
+                        'abr': ('bitrateAudio', {int_or_none}, {lambda x: None if x == -1 else x}),
+                        'vbr': ('bitrateVideo', {int_or_none}, {lambda x: None if x == -1 else x}),
+                    }),
+                }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/laracasts.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/laracasts.py
index 4494c4b79..4a61d6ab1 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/laracasts.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/laracasts.py
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ class LaracastsBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
             VimeoIE, url_transparent=True,
             **traverse_obj(episode, {
                 'id': ('id', {int}, {str_or_none}),
-                'webpage_url': ('path', {lambda x: urljoin('https://laracasts.com', x)}),
+                'webpage_url': ('path', {urljoin('https://laracasts.com')}),
                 'title': ('title', {clean_html}),
                 'season_number': ('chapter', {int_or_none}),
                 'episode_number': ('position', {int_or_none}),
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ class LaracastsPlaylistIE(LaracastsBaseIE):
                 'description': ('body', {clean_html}),
                 'thumbnail': (('large_thumbnail', 'thumbnail'), {url_or_none}, any),
                 'duration': ('runTime', {parse_duration}),
-                'categories': ('taxonomy', 'name', {str}, {lambda x: x and [x]}),
+                'categories': ('taxonomy', 'name', {str}, all, filter),
                 'tags': ('topics', ..., 'name', {str}),
                 'modified_date': ('lastUpdated', {unified_strdate}),
             }),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/lbry.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/lbry.py
index c764d4961..0445b7cbf 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/lbry.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/lbry.py
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ class LBRYBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
             'license': ('value', 'license', {str}),
             'timestamp': ('timestamp', {int_or_none}),
             'release_timestamp': ('value', 'release_time', {int_or_none}),
-            'tags': ('value', 'tags', ..., {lambda x: x or None}),
+            'tags': ('value', 'tags', ..., filter),
             'duration': ('value', stream_type, 'duration', {int_or_none}),
             'channel': ('signing_channel', 'value', 'title', {str}),
             'channel_id': ('signing_channel', 'claim_id', {str}),
@@ -136,6 +136,7 @@ class LBRYBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
 
 class LBRYIE(LBRYBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'lbry'
+    IE_DESC = 'odysee.com'
     _VALID_URL = LBRYBaseIE._BASE_URL_REGEX + rf'''
         (?:\$/(?:download|embed)/)?
         (?P<id>
@@ -364,6 +365,7 @@ class LBRYIE(LBRYBaseIE):
 
 class LBRYChannelIE(LBRYBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'lbry:channel'
+    IE_DESC = 'odysee.com channels'
     _VALID_URL = LBRYBaseIE._BASE_URL_REGEX + rf'(?P<id>@{LBRYBaseIE._OPT_CLAIM_ID})/?(?:[?&]|$)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://lbry.tv/@LBRYFoundation:0',
@@ -391,6 +393,7 @@ class LBRYChannelIE(LBRYBaseIE):
 
 class LBRYPlaylistIE(LBRYBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'lbry:playlist'
+    IE_DESC = 'odysee.com playlists'
     _VALID_URL = LBRYBaseIE._BASE_URL_REGEX + r'\$/(?:play)?list/(?P<id>[0-9a-f-]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://odysee.com/$/playlist/ffef782f27486f0ac138bde8777f72ebdd0548c2',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/learningonscreen.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/learningonscreen.py
index dcf83144c..f4b51e66c 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/learningonscreen.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/learningonscreen.py
@@ -6,13 +6,11 @@ from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     clean_html,
     extract_attributes,
-    get_element_by_class,
-    get_element_html_by_id,
     join_nonempty,
     parse_duration,
     unified_timestamp,
 )
-from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+from ..utils.traversal import find_element, traverse_obj
 
 
 class LearningOnScreenIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -32,28 +30,24 @@ class LearningOnScreenIE(InfoExtractor):
 
     def _real_initialize(self):
         if not self._get_cookies('https://learningonscreen.ac.uk/').get('PHPSESSID-BOB-LIVE'):
-            self.raise_login_required(
-                'Use --cookies for authentication. See '
-                ' https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/wiki/FAQ#how-do-i-pass-cookies-to-yt-dlp  '
-                'for how to manually pass cookies', method=None)
+            self.raise_login_required(method='session_cookies')
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
 
         details = traverse_obj(webpage, (
-            {functools.partial(get_element_html_by_id, 'programme-details')}, {
-                'title': ({functools.partial(re.search, r'<h2>([^<]+)</h2>')}, 1, {clean_html}),
+            {find_element(id='programme-details', html=True)}, {
+                'title': ({find_element(tag='h2')}, {clean_html}),
                 'timestamp': (
-                    {functools.partial(get_element_by_class, 'broadcast-date')},
+                    {find_element(cls='broadcast-date')},
                     {functools.partial(re.match, r'([^<]+)')}, 1, {unified_timestamp}),
                 'duration': (
-                    {functools.partial(get_element_by_class, 'prog-running-time')},
-                    {clean_html}, {parse_duration}),
+                    {find_element(cls='prog-running-time')}, {clean_html}, {parse_duration}),
             }))
 
         title = details.pop('title', None) or traverse_obj(webpage, (
-            {functools.partial(get_element_html_by_id, 'add-to-existing-playlist')},
+            {find_element(id='add-to-existing-playlist', html=True)},
             {extract_attributes}, 'data-record-title', {clean_html}))
 
         entries = self._parse_html5_media_entries(
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/listennotes.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/listennotes.py
index 61eae95ed..9d68e1830 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/listennotes.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/listennotes.py
@@ -6,12 +6,10 @@ from ..utils import (
     extract_attributes,
     get_element_by_class,
     get_element_html_by_id,
-    get_element_text_and_html_by_tag,
     parse_duration,
     strip_or_none,
-    traverse_obj,
-    try_call,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import find_element, traverse_obj
 
 
 class ListenNotesIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -22,14 +20,14 @@ class ListenNotesIE(InfoExtractor):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'KrDgvNb_u1n',
             'ext': 'mp3',
-            'title': 'md5:32236591a921adf17bbdbf0441b6c0e9',
-            'description': 'md5:c581ed197eeddcee55a67cdb547c8cbd',
-            'duration': 2148.0,
-            'channel': 'Thriving on Overload',
+            'title': r're:Tim O’Reilly on noticing things other people .{113}',
+            'description': r're:(?s)‘’We shape reality by what we notice and .{27459}',
+            'duration': 2215.0,
+            'channel': 'Amplifying Cognition',
             'channel_id': 'ed84wITivxF',
             'episode_id': 'e1312583fa7b4e24acfbb5131050be00',
-            'thumbnail': 'https://production.listennotes.com/podcasts/thriving-on-overload-ross-dawson-1wb_KospA3P-ed84wITivxF.300x300.jpg',
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.listennotes.com/podcasts/thriving-on-overload-ross-dawson-ed84wITivxF/',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://cdn-images-3.listennotes.com/podcasts/amplifying-cognition-ross-dawson-Iemft4Gdr0k-ed84wITivxF.300x300.jpg',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.listennotes.com/podcasts/amplifying-cognition-ross-dawson-ed84wITivxF/',
             'cast': ['Tim O’Reilly', 'Cookie Monster', 'Lao Tzu', 'Wallace Steven', 'Eric Raymond', 'Christine Peterson', 'John Maynard Keyne', 'Ross Dawson'],
         },
     }, {
@@ -39,13 +37,13 @@ class ListenNotesIE(InfoExtractor):
             'id': 'lwEA3154JzG',
             'ext': 'mp3',
             'title': 'Episode 177: WireGuard with Jason Donenfeld',
-            'description': 'md5:24744f36456a3e95f83c1193a3458594',
+            'description': r're:(?s)Jason Donenfeld lead developer joins us this hour to discuss WireGuard, .{3169}',
             'duration': 3861.0,
             'channel': 'Ask Noah Show',
             'channel_id': '4DQTzdS5-j7',
             'episode_id': '8c8954b95e0b4859ad1eecec8bf6d3a4',
             'channel_url': 'https://www.listennotes.com/podcasts/ask-noah-show-noah-j-chelliah-4DQTzdS5-j7/',
-            'thumbnail': 'https://production.listennotes.com/podcasts/ask-noah-show-noah-j-chelliah-cfbRUw9Gs3F-4DQTzdS5-j7.300x300.jpg',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://cdn-images-3.listennotes.com/podcasts/ask-noah-show-noah-j-chelliah-gD7vG150cxf-4DQTzdS5-j7.300x300.jpg',
             'cast': ['noah showlink', 'noah show', 'noah dashboard', 'jason donenfeld'],
         },
     }]
@@ -70,7 +68,7 @@ class ListenNotesIE(InfoExtractor):
             'id': audio_id,
             'url': data['audio'],
             'title': (data.get('data-title')
-                      or try_call(lambda: get_element_text_and_html_by_tag('h1', webpage)[0])
+                      or traverse_obj(webpage, ({find_element(tag='h1')}, {clean_html}))
                       or self._html_search_meta(('og:title', 'title', 'twitter:title'), webpage, 'title')),
             'description': (self._clean_description(get_element_by_class('ln-text-p', webpage))
                             or strip_or_none(description)),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/litv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/litv.py
index 93f926a9f..df9d141de 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/litv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/litv.py
@@ -1,30 +1,32 @@
 import json
+import uuid
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     int_or_none,
+    join_nonempty,
     smuggle_url,
     traverse_obj,
     try_call,
     unsmuggle_url,
+    urljoin,
 )
 
 
 class LiTVIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?litv\.tv/(?:vod|promo)/[^/]+/(?:content\.do)?\?.*?\b(?:content_)?id=(?P<id>[^&]+)'
-
-    _URL_TEMPLATE = 'https://www.litv.tv/vod/%s/content.do?content_id=%s'
-
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?litv\.tv/(?:[^/?#]+/watch/|vod/[^/?#]+/content\.do\?content_id=)(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
+    _URL_TEMPLATE = 'https://www.litv.tv/%s/watch/%s'
+    _GEO_COUNTRIES = ['TW']
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.litv.tv/vod/drama/content.do?brc_id=root&id=VOD00041610&isUHEnabled=true&autoPlay=1',
+        'url': 'https://www.litv.tv/drama/watch/VOD00041610',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'VOD00041606',
             'title': '花千骨',
         },
         'playlist_count': 51,  # 50 episodes + 1 trailer
     }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.litv.tv/vod/drama/content.do?brc_id=root&id=VOD00041610&isUHEnabled=true&autoPlay=1',
+        'url': 'https://www.litv.tv/drama/watch/VOD00041610',
         'md5': 'b90ff1e9f1d8f5cfcd0a44c3e2b34c7a',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'VOD00041610',
@@ -32,16 +34,15 @@ class LiTVIE(InfoExtractor):
             'title': '花千骨第1集',
             'thumbnail': r're:https?://.*\.jpg$',
             'description': '《花千骨》陸劇線上看。十六年前，平靜的村莊內，一名女嬰隨異相出生，途徑此地的蜀山掌門清虛道長算出此女命運非同一般，她體內散發的異香易招惹妖魔。一念慈悲下，他在村莊周邊設下結界阻擋妖魔入侵，讓其年滿十六後去蜀山，並賜名花千骨。',
-            'categories': ['奇幻', '愛情', '中國', '仙俠'],
+            'categories': ['奇幻', '愛情', '仙俠', '古裝'],
             'episode': 'Episode 1',
             'episode_number': 1,
         },
         'params': {
             'noplaylist': True,
         },
-        'skip': 'Georestricted to Taiwan',
     }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.litv.tv/promo/miyuezhuan/?content_id=VOD00044841&',
+        'url': 'https://www.litv.tv/drama/watch/VOD00044841',
         'md5': '88322ea132f848d6e3e18b32a832b918',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'VOD00044841',
@@ -55,94 +56,62 @@ class LiTVIE(InfoExtractor):
     def _extract_playlist(self, playlist_data, content_type):
         all_episodes = [
             self.url_result(smuggle_url(
-                self._URL_TEMPLATE % (content_type, episode['contentId']),
+                self._URL_TEMPLATE % (content_type, episode['content_id']),
                 {'force_noplaylist': True}))  # To prevent infinite recursion
-            for episode in traverse_obj(playlist_data, ('seasons', ..., 'episode', lambda _, v: v['contentId']))]
+            for episode in traverse_obj(playlist_data, ('seasons', ..., 'episodes', lambda _, v: v['content_id']))]
 
-        return self.playlist_result(all_episodes, playlist_data['contentId'], playlist_data.get('title'))
+        return self.playlist_result(all_episodes, playlist_data['content_id'], playlist_data.get('title'))
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         url, smuggled_data = unsmuggle_url(url, {})
-
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
-
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+        vod_data = self._search_nextjs_data(webpage, video_id)['props']['pageProps']
 
-        if self._search_regex(
-                r'(?i)<meta\s[^>]*http-equiv="refresh"\s[^>]*content="[0-9]+;\s*url=https://www\.litv\.tv/"',
-                webpage, 'meta refresh redirect', default=False, group=0):
-            raise ExtractorError('No such content found', expected=True)
+        program_info = traverse_obj(vod_data, ('programInformation', {dict})) or {}
+        playlist_data = traverse_obj(vod_data, ('seriesTree'))
+        if playlist_data and self._yes_playlist(program_info.get('series_id'), video_id, smuggled_data):
+            return self._extract_playlist(playlist_data, program_info.get('content_type'))
 
-        program_info = self._parse_json(self._search_regex(
-            r'var\s+programInfo\s*=\s*([^;]+)', webpage, 'VOD data', default='{}'),
-            video_id)
+        asset_id = traverse_obj(program_info, ('assets', 0, 'asset_id', {str}))
+        if asset_id:  # This is a VOD
+            media_type = 'vod'
+        else:  # This is a live stream
+            asset_id = program_info['content_id']
+            media_type = program_info['content_type']
+        puid = try_call(lambda: self._get_cookies('https://www.litv.tv/')['PUID'].value)
+        if puid:
+            endpoint = 'get-urls'
+        else:
+            puid = str(uuid.uuid4())
+            endpoint = 'get-urls-no-auth'
+        video_data = self._download_json(
+            f'https://www.litv.tv/api/{endpoint}', video_id,
+            data=json.dumps({'AssetId': asset_id, 'MediaType': media_type, 'puid': puid}).encode(),
+            headers={'Content-Type': 'application/json'})
 
-        # In browsers `getProgramInfo` request is always issued. Usually this
-        # endpoint gives the same result as the data embedded in the webpage.
-        # If, for some reason, there are no embedded data, we do an extra request.
-        if 'assetId' not in program_info:
-            program_info = self._download_json(
-                'https://www.litv.tv/vod/ajax/getProgramInfo', video_id,
-                query={'contentId': video_id},
-                headers={'Accept': 'application/json'})
-
-        series_id = program_info['seriesId']
-        if self._yes_playlist(series_id, video_id, smuggled_data):
-            playlist_data = self._download_json(
-                'https://www.litv.tv/vod/ajax/getSeriesTree', video_id,
-                query={'seriesId': series_id}, headers={'Accept': 'application/json'})
-            return self._extract_playlist(playlist_data, program_info['contentType'])
-
-        video_data = self._parse_json(self._search_regex(
-            r'uiHlsUrl\s*=\s*testBackendData\(([^;]+)\);',
-            webpage, 'video data', default='{}'), video_id)
-        if not video_data:
-            payload = {'assetId': program_info['assetId']}
-            puid = try_call(lambda: self._get_cookies('https://www.litv.tv/')['PUID'].value)
-            if puid:
-                payload.update({
-                    'type': 'auth',
-                    'puid': puid,
-                })
-                endpoint = 'getUrl'
-            else:
-                payload.update({
-                    'watchDevices': program_info['watchDevices'],
-                    'contentType': program_info['contentType'],
-                })
-                endpoint = 'getMainUrlNoAuth'
-            video_data = self._download_json(
-                f'https://www.litv.tv/vod/ajax/{endpoint}', video_id,
-                data=json.dumps(payload).encode(),
-                headers={'Content-Type': 'application/json'})
-
-        if not video_data.get('fullpath'):
-            error_msg = video_data.get('errorMessage')
-            if error_msg == 'vod.error.outsideregionerror':
+        if error := traverse_obj(video_data, ('error', {dict})):
+            error_msg = traverse_obj(error, ('message', {str}))
+            if error_msg and 'OutsideRegionError' in error_msg:
                 self.raise_geo_restricted('This video is available in Taiwan only')
-            if error_msg:
+            elif error_msg:
                 raise ExtractorError(f'{self.IE_NAME} said: {error_msg}', expected=True)
-            raise ExtractorError(f'Unexpected result from {self.IE_NAME}')
+            raise ExtractorError(f'Unexpected error from {self.IE_NAME}')
 
         formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-            video_data['fullpath'], video_id, ext='mp4',
-            entry_protocol='m3u8_native', m3u8_id='hls')
+            video_data['result']['AssetURLs'][0], video_id, ext='mp4', m3u8_id='hls')
         for a_format in formats:
             # LiTV HLS segments doesn't like compressions
             a_format.setdefault('http_headers', {})['Accept-Encoding'] = 'identity'
 
-        title = program_info['title'] + program_info.get('secondaryMark', '')
-        description = program_info.get('description')
-        thumbnail = program_info.get('imageFile')
-        categories = [item['name'] for item in program_info.get('category', [])]
-        episode = int_or_none(program_info.get('episode'))
-
         return {
             'id': video_id,
             'formats': formats,
-            'title': title,
-            'description': description,
-            'thumbnail': thumbnail,
-            'categories': categories,
-            'episode_number': episode,
+            'title': join_nonempty('title', 'secondary_mark', delim='', from_dict=program_info),
+            **traverse_obj(program_info, {
+                'description': ('description', {str}),
+                'thumbnail': ('picture', {urljoin('https://p-cdnstatic.svc.litv.tv/')}),
+                'categories': ('genres', ..., 'name', {str}),
+                'episode_number': ('episode', {int_or_none}),
+            }),
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/lnkgo.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/lnk.py
similarity index 53%
rename from yt_dlp/extractor/lnkgo.py
rename to yt_dlp/extractor/lnk.py
index 31a7cefd8..593f73410 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/lnkgo.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/lnk.py
@@ -1,86 +1,11 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
-    clean_html,
     format_field,
     int_or_none,
-    parse_iso8601,
     unified_strdate,
 )
 
 
-class LnkGoIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?lnk(?:go)?\.(?:alfa\.)?lt/(?:visi-video/[^/]+|video)/(?P<id>[A-Za-z0-9-]+)(?:/(?P<episode_id>\d+))?'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'http://www.lnkgo.lt/visi-video/aktualai-pratesimas/ziurek-putka-trys-klausimai',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '10809',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': "Put'ka: Trys Klausimai",
-            'upload_date': '20161216',
-            'description': 'Seniai matytas Put’ka užduoda tris klausimėlius. Pabandykime surasti atsakymus.',
-            'age_limit': 18,
-            'duration': 117,
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
-            'timestamp': 1481904000,
-        },
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': True,  # HLS download
-        },
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://lnkgo.alfa.lt/visi-video/aktualai-pratesimas/ziurek-nerdas-taiso-kompiuteri-2',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '10467',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Nėrdas: Kompiuterio Valymas',
-            'upload_date': '20150113',
-            'description': 'md5:7352d113a242a808676ff17e69db6a69',
-            'age_limit': 18,
-            'duration': 346,
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
-            'timestamp': 1421164800,
-        },
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': True,  # HLS download
-        },
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://lnk.lt/video/neigalieji-tv-bokste/37413',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }]
-    _AGE_LIMITS = {
-        'N-7': 7,
-        'N-14': 14,
-        'S': 18,
-    }
-    _M3U8_TEMPL = 'https://vod.lnk.lt/lnk_vod/lnk/lnk/%s:%s/playlist.m3u8%s'
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        display_id, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
-
-        video_info = self._download_json(
-            'https://lnk.lt/api/main/video-page/{}/{}/false'.format(display_id, video_id or '0'),
-            display_id)['videoConfig']['videoInfo']
-
-        video_id = str(video_info['id'])
-        title = video_info['title']
-        prefix = 'smil' if video_info.get('isQualityChangeAvailable') else 'mp4'
-        formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-            self._M3U8_TEMPL % (prefix, video_info['videoUrl'], video_info.get('secureTokenParams') or ''),
-            video_id, 'mp4', 'm3u8_native')
-
-        return {
-            'id': video_id,
-            'display_id': display_id,
-            'title': title,
-            'formats': formats,
-            'thumbnail': format_field(video_info, 'posterImage', 'https://lnk.lt/all-images/%s'),
-            'duration': int_or_none(video_info.get('duration')),
-            'description': clean_html(video_info.get('htmlDescription')),
-            'age_limit': self._AGE_LIMITS.get(video_info.get('pgRating'), 0),
-            'timestamp': parse_iso8601(video_info.get('airDate')),
-            'view_count': int_or_none(video_info.get('viewsCount')),
-        }
-
-
 class LnkIE(InfoExtractor):
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?lnk\.lt/[^/]+/(?P<id>\d+)'
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/loom.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/loom.py
index 1191aa17e..b0878c33e 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/loom.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/loom.py
@@ -92,9 +92,9 @@ class LoomIE(InfoExtractor):
         },
         'params': {'videopassword': 'seniorinfants2'},
     }, {
-        # embed, transcoded-url endpoint sends empty JSON response
+        # embed, transcoded-url endpoint sends empty JSON response, split video and audio HLS formats
         'url': 'https://www.loom.com/embed/ddcf1c1ad21f451ea7468b1e33917e4e',
-        'md5': '8488817242a0db1cb2ad0ea522553cf6',
+        'md5': 'b321d261656848c184a94e3b93eae28d',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'ddcf1c1ad21f451ea7468b1e33917e4e',
             'ext': 'mp4',
@@ -104,6 +104,7 @@ class LoomIE(InfoExtractor):
             'timestamp': 1657216459,
             'duration': 181,
         },
+        'params': {'format': 'bestvideo'},  # Test video-only fixup
         'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse JSON'],
     }]
     _WEBPAGE_TESTS = [{
@@ -293,7 +294,11 @@ class LoomIE(InfoExtractor):
                 format_url = format_url.replace('-split.m3u8', '.m3u8')
                 m3u8_formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
                     format_url, video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id=f'hls-{format_id}', fatal=False, quality=quality)
+                # Sometimes only split video/audio formats are available, need to fixup video-only formats
+                is_not_premerged = 'none' in traverse_obj(m3u8_formats, (..., 'vcodec'))
                 for fmt in m3u8_formats:
+                    if is_not_premerged and fmt.get('vcodec') != 'none':
+                        fmt['acodec'] = 'none'
                     yield {
                         **fmt,
                         'url': update_url(fmt['url'], query=query),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/lsm.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/lsm.py
index f5be08f97..56c06d745 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/lsm.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/lsm.py
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ class LSMLREmbedIE(InfoExtractor):
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         query = parse_qs(url)
         video_id = traverse_obj(query, (
-            ('show', 'id'), 0, {int_or_none}, {lambda x: x or None}, {str_or_none}), get_all=False)
+            ('show', 'id'), 0, {int_or_none}, filter, {str_or_none}), get_all=False)
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
 
         player_data, media_data = self._search_regex(
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/magentamusik.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/magentamusik.py
index 5bfc0a154..24c46a152 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/magentamusik.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/magentamusik.py
@@ -57,6 +57,6 @@ class MagentaMusikIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'duration': ('runtimeInSeconds', {int_or_none}),
                 'location': ('countriesOfProduction', {list}, {lambda x: join_nonempty(*x, delim=', ')}),
                 'release_year': ('yearOfProduction', {int_or_none}),
-                'categories': ('mainGenre', {str}, {lambda x: x and [x]}),
+                'categories': ('mainGenre', {str}, all, filter),
             })),
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/mailru.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/mailru.py
index cca678f14..0496a87f0 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/mailru.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/mailru.py
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ class MailRuIE(InfoExtractor):
         video_data = None
 
         # fix meta_url if missing the host address
-        if re.match(r'^\/\+\/', meta_url):
+        if re.match(r'\/\+\/', meta_url):
             meta_url = urljoin('https://my.mail.ru', meta_url)
 
         if meta_url:
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/mdr.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/mdr.py
index 46097fa20..dfda3cc53 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/mdr.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/mdr.py
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ from ..utils import (
 
 
 class MDRIE(InfoExtractor):
-    IE_DESC = 'MDR.DE and KiKA'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?(?:mdr|kika)\.de/(?:.*)/[a-z-]+-?(?P<id>\d+)(?:_.+?)?\.html'
+    IE_DESC = 'MDR.DE'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?mdr\.de/(?:.*)/[a-z-]+-?(?P<id>\d+)(?:_.+?)?\.html'
 
     _GEO_COUNTRIES = ['DE']
 
@@ -34,30 +34,6 @@ class MDRIE(InfoExtractor):
             'uploader': 'MITTELDEUTSCHER RUNDFUNK',
         },
         'skip': '404 not found',
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.kika.de/baumhaus/videos/video19636.html',
-        'md5': '4930515e36b06c111213e80d1e4aad0e',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '19636',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Baumhaus vom 30. Oktober 2015',
-            'duration': 134,
-            'uploader': 'KIKA',
-        },
-        'skip': '404 not found',
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.kika.de/sendungen/einzelsendungen/weihnachtsprogramm/videos/video8182.html',
-        'md5': '5fe9c4dd7d71e3b238f04b8fdd588357',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '8182',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Beutolomäus und der geheime Weihnachtswunsch',
-            'description': 'md5:b69d32d7b2c55cbe86945ab309d39bbd',
-            'timestamp': 1482541200,
-            'upload_date': '20161224',
-            'duration': 4628,
-            'uploader': 'KIKA',
-        },
     }, {
         # audio with alternative playerURL pattern
         'url': 'http://www.mdr.de/kultur/videos-und-audios/audio-radio/operation-mindfuck-robert-wilson100.html',
@@ -68,28 +44,7 @@ class MDRIE(InfoExtractor):
             'duration': 3239,
             'uploader': 'MITTELDEUTSCHER RUNDFUNK',
         },
-    }, {
-        # empty bitrateVideo and bitrateAudio
-        'url': 'https://www.kika.de/filme/sendung128372_zc-572e3f45_zs-1d9fb70e.html',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '128372',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Der kleine Wichtel kehrt zurück',
-            'description': 'md5:f77fafdff90f7aa1e9dca14f662c052a',
-            'duration': 4876,
-            'timestamp': 1607823300,
-            'upload_date': '20201213',
-            'uploader': 'ZDF',
-        },
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': True,
-        },
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.kika.de/baumhaus/sendungen/video19636_zc-fea7f8a0_zs-4bf89c60.html',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.kika.de/sendungen/einzelsendungen/weihnachtsprogramm/einzelsendung2534.html',
-        'only_matching': True,
+        'skip': '404 not found',
     }, {
         'url': 'http://www.mdr.de/mediathek/mdr-videos/a/video-1334.html',
         'only_matching': True,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/mediaklikk.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/mediaklikk.py
index f51342060..197e91d1d 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/mediaklikk.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/mediaklikk.py
@@ -16,6 +16,15 @@ class MediaKlikkIE(InfoExtractor):
                         (?P<id>[^/#?_]+)'''
 
     _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://mediaklikk.hu/filmajanlo/cikk/az-ajto/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '668177',
+            'title': 'Az ajtó',
+            'display_id': 'az-ajto',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://cdn.cms.mtv.hu/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2016/01/vlcsnap-2023-07-31-14h18m52s111.jpg',
+        },
+    }, {
         # (old) mediaklikk. date in html.
         'url': 'https://mediaklikk.hu/video/hazajaro-delnyugat-bacska-a-duna-menten-palankatol-doroszloig/',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -37,6 +46,7 @@ class MediaKlikkIE(InfoExtractor):
             'upload_date': '20230903',
             'thumbnail': 'https://mediaklikk.hu/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2014/02/hazajarouj_JO.jpg',
         },
+        'skip': 'Webpage redirects to 404 page',
     }, {
         # (old) m4sport
         'url': 'https://m4sport.hu/video/2021/08/30/gyemant-liga-parizs/',
@@ -59,6 +69,7 @@ class MediaKlikkIE(InfoExtractor):
             'upload_date': '20230908',
             'thumbnail': 'https://m4sport.hu/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2023/09/vlcsnap-2023-09-08-22h43m18s691.jpg',
         },
+        'skip': 'Webpage redirects to 404 page',
     }, {
         # m4sport with *video/ url and no date
         'url': 'https://m4sport.hu/bl-video/real-madrid-chelsea-1-1/',
@@ -69,6 +80,7 @@ class MediaKlikkIE(InfoExtractor):
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'thumbnail': 'https://m4sport.hu/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2021/04/Sequence-01.Still001-1024x576.png',
         },
+        'skip': 'Webpage redirects to 404 page',
     }, {
         # (old) hirado
         'url': 'https://hirado.hu/videok/felteteleket-szabott-a-fovaros/',
@@ -90,6 +102,7 @@ class MediaKlikkIE(InfoExtractor):
             'upload_date': '20230911',
             'thumbnail': 'https://hirado.hu/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2023/09/vlcsnap-2023-09-11-09h16m09s882.jpg',
         },
+        'skip': 'Webpage redirects to video list page',
     }, {
         # (old) petofilive
         'url': 'https://petofilive.hu/video/2021/06/07/tha-shudras-az-akusztikban/',
@@ -112,6 +125,7 @@ class MediaKlikkIE(InfoExtractor):
             'upload_date': '20230909',
             'thumbnail': 'https://petofilive.hu/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2023/09/Clipboard11-2.jpg',
         },
+        'skip': 'Webpage redirects to video list page',
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
@@ -143,14 +157,14 @@ class MediaKlikkIE(InfoExtractor):
         if not playlist_url:
             raise ExtractorError('Unable to extract playlist url')
 
-        formats = self._extract_wowza_formats(
-            playlist_url, video_id, skip_protocols=['f4m', 'smil', 'dash'])
+        formats, subtitles = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(playlist_url, video_id)
 
         return {
             'id': video_id,
             'title': title,
             'display_id': display_id,
             'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
             'upload_date': upload_date,
             'thumbnail': player_data.get('bgImage') or self._og_search_thumbnail(webpage),
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/mediastream.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/mediastream.py
index ae0fb2aed..d2a22f98f 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/mediastream.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/mediastream.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ class MediaStreamBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
     _BASE_URL_RE = r'https?://mdstrm\.com/(?:embed|live-stream)'
 
     def _extract_mediastream_urls(self, webpage):
-        yield from traverse_obj(list(self._yield_json_ld(webpage, None, fatal=False)), (
+        yield from traverse_obj(list(self._yield_json_ld(webpage, None, default={})), (
             lambda _, v: v['@type'] == 'VideoObject', ('embedUrl', 'contentUrl'),
             {lambda x: x if re.match(rf'{self._BASE_URL_RE}/\w+', x) else None}))
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/mgtv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/mgtv.py
index d5dda06f9..c793626fd 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/mgtv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/mgtv.py
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ from ..utils import (
 
 
 class MGTVIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:w(?:ww)?\.)?mgtv\.com/(v|b)/(?:[^/]+/)*(?P<id>\d+)\.html'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:w(?:ww)?\.)?mgtv\.com/[bv]/(?:[^/]+/)*(?P<id>\d+)\.html'
     IE_DESC = '芒果TV'
     IE_NAME = 'MangoTV'
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/microsoftembed.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/microsoftembed.py
index d0135f5a9..2575d6c5e 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/microsoftembed.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/microsoftembed.py
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ class MicrosoftEmbedIE(InfoExtractor):
             'timestamp': 1631658316,
             'upload_date': '20210914',
         },
+        'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: syntax error: line 1, column 0'],
     }]
     _API_URL = 'https://prod-video-cms-rt-microsoft-com.akamaized.net/vhs/api/videos/'
 
@@ -36,11 +37,11 @@ class MicrosoftEmbedIE(InfoExtractor):
         formats = []
         for source_type, source in metadata['streams'].items():
             if source_type == 'smooth_Streaming':
-                formats.extend(self._extract_ism_formats(source['url'], video_id, 'mss'))
+                formats.extend(self._extract_ism_formats(source['url'], video_id, 'mss', fatal=False))
             elif source_type == 'apple_HTTP_Live_Streaming':
-                formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(source['url'], video_id, 'mp4'))
+                formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(source['url'], video_id, 'mp4', fatal=False))
             elif source_type == 'mPEG_DASH':
-                formats.extend(self._extract_mpd_formats(source['url'], video_id))
+                formats.extend(self._extract_mpd_formats(source['url'], video_id, fatal=False))
             else:
                 formats.append({
                     'format_id': source_type,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/mildom.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/mildom.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 88a2b9e89..000000000
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/mildom.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,291 +0,0 @@
-import functools
-import json
-import uuid
-
-from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import (
-    ExtractorError,
-    OnDemandPagedList,
-    determine_ext,
-    dict_get,
-    float_or_none,
-    traverse_obj,
-)
-
-
-class MildomBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _GUEST_ID = None
-
-    def _call_api(self, url, video_id, query=None, note='Downloading JSON metadata', body=None):
-        if not self._GUEST_ID:
-            self._GUEST_ID = f'pc-gp-{uuid.uuid4()}'
-
-        content = self._download_json(
-            url, video_id, note=note, data=json.dumps(body).encode() if body else None,
-            headers={'Content-Type': 'application/json'} if body else {},
-            query={
-                '__guest_id': self._GUEST_ID,
-                '__platform': 'web',
-                **(query or {}),
-            })
-
-        if content['code'] != 0:
-            raise ExtractorError(
-                f'Mildom says: {content["message"]} (code {content["code"]})',
-                expected=True)
-        return content['body']
-
-
-class MildomIE(MildomBaseIE):
-    IE_NAME = 'mildom'
-    IE_DESC = 'Record ongoing live by specific user in Mildom'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:(?:www|m)\.)mildom\.com/(?P<id>\d+)'
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        video_id = self._match_id(url)
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(f'https://www.mildom.com/{video_id}', video_id)
-
-        enterstudio = self._call_api(
-            'https://cloudac.mildom.com/nonolive/gappserv/live/enterstudio', video_id,
-            note='Downloading live metadata', query={'user_id': video_id})
-        result_video_id = enterstudio.get('log_id', video_id)
-
-        servers = self._call_api(
-            'https://cloudac.mildom.com/nonolive/gappserv/live/liveserver', result_video_id,
-            note='Downloading live server list', query={
-                'user_id': video_id,
-                'live_server_type': 'hls',
-            })
-
-        playback_token = self._call_api(
-            'https://cloudac.mildom.com/nonolive/gappserv/live/token', result_video_id,
-            note='Obtaining live playback token', body={'host_id': video_id, 'type': 'hls'})
-        playback_token = traverse_obj(playback_token, ('data', ..., 'token'), get_all=False)
-        if not playback_token:
-            raise ExtractorError('Failed to obtain live playback token')
-
-        formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-            f'{servers["stream_server"]}/{video_id}_master.m3u8?{playback_token}',
-            result_video_id, 'mp4', headers={
-                'Referer': 'https://www.mildom.com/',
-                'Origin': 'https://www.mildom.com',
-            })
-
-        for fmt in formats:
-            fmt.setdefault('http_headers', {})['Referer'] = 'https://www.mildom.com/'
-
-        return {
-            'id': result_video_id,
-            'title': self._html_search_meta('twitter:description', webpage, default=None) or traverse_obj(enterstudio, 'anchor_intro'),
-            'description': traverse_obj(enterstudio, 'intro', 'live_intro', expected_type=str),
-            'timestamp': float_or_none(enterstudio.get('live_start_ms'), scale=1000),
-            'uploader': self._html_search_meta('twitter:title', webpage, default=None) or traverse_obj(enterstudio, 'loginname'),
-            'uploader_id': video_id,
-            'formats': formats,
-            'is_live': True,
-        }
-
-
-class MildomVodIE(MildomBaseIE):
-    IE_NAME = 'mildom:vod'
-    IE_DESC = 'VOD in Mildom'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:(?:www|m)\.)mildom\.com/playback/(?P<user_id>\d+)/(?P<id>(?P=user_id)-[a-zA-Z0-9]+-?[0-9]*)'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.mildom.com/playback/10882672/10882672-1597662269',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '10882672-1597662269',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': '始めてのミルダム配信じゃぃ！',
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(png|jpg)$',
-            'upload_date': '20200817',
-            'duration': 4138.37,
-            'description': 'ゲームをしたくて！',
-            'timestamp': 1597662269.0,
-            'uploader_id': '10882672',
-            'uploader': 'kson組長(けいそん)',
-        },
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.mildom.com/playback/10882672/10882672-1597758589870-477',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '10882672-1597758589870-477',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': '【kson】感染メイズ！麻酔銃で無双する',
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(png|jpg)$',
-            'timestamp': 1597759093.0,
-            'uploader': 'kson組長(けいそん)',
-            'duration': 4302.58,
-            'uploader_id': '10882672',
-            'description': 'このステージ絶対乗り越えたい',
-            'upload_date': '20200818',
-        },
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.mildom.com/playback/10882672/10882672-buha9td2lrn97fk2jme0',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '10882672-buha9td2lrn97fk2jme0',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': '【kson組長】CART RACER!!!',
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(png|jpg)$',
-            'uploader_id': '10882672',
-            'uploader': 'kson組長(けいそん)',
-            'upload_date': '20201104',
-            'timestamp': 1604494797.0,
-            'duration': 4657.25,
-            'description': 'WTF',
-        },
-    }]
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        user_id, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('user_id', 'id')
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(f'https://www.mildom.com/playback/{user_id}/{video_id}', video_id)
-
-        autoplay = self._call_api(
-            'https://cloudac.mildom.com/nonolive/videocontent/playback/getPlaybackDetail', video_id,
-            note='Downloading playback metadata', query={
-                'v_id': video_id,
-            })['playback']
-
-        formats = [{
-            'url': autoplay['audio_url'],
-            'format_id': 'audio',
-            'protocol': 'm3u8_native',
-            'vcodec': 'none',
-            'acodec': 'aac',
-            'ext': 'm4a',
-        }]
-        for fmt in autoplay['video_link']:
-            formats.append({
-                'format_id': 'video-{}'.format(fmt['name']),
-                'url': fmt['url'],
-                'protocol': 'm3u8_native',
-                'width': fmt['level'] * autoplay['video_width'] // autoplay['video_height'],
-                'height': fmt['level'],
-                'vcodec': 'h264',
-                'acodec': 'aac',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-            })
-
-        return {
-            'id': video_id,
-            'title': self._html_search_meta(('og:description', 'description'), webpage, default=None) or autoplay.get('title'),
-            'description': traverse_obj(autoplay, 'video_intro'),
-            'timestamp': float_or_none(autoplay.get('publish_time'), scale=1000),
-            'duration': float_or_none(autoplay.get('video_length'), scale=1000),
-            'thumbnail': dict_get(autoplay, ('upload_pic', 'video_pic')),
-            'uploader': traverse_obj(autoplay, ('author_info', 'login_name')),
-            'uploader_id': user_id,
-            'formats': formats,
-        }
-
-
-class MildomClipIE(MildomBaseIE):
-    IE_NAME = 'mildom:clip'
-    IE_DESC = 'Clip in Mildom'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:(?:www|m)\.)mildom\.com/clip/(?P<id>(?P<user_id>\d+)-[a-zA-Z0-9]+)'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.mildom.com/clip/10042245-63921673e7b147ebb0806d42b5ba5ce9',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '10042245-63921673e7b147ebb0806d42b5ba5ce9',
-            'title': '全然違ったよ',
-            'timestamp': 1619181890,
-            'duration': 59,
-            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+',
-            'uploader': 'ざきんぽ',
-            'uploader_id': '10042245',
-        },
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.mildom.com/clip/10111524-ebf4036e5aa8411c99fb3a1ae0902864',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '10111524-ebf4036e5aa8411c99fb3a1ae0902864',
-            'title': 'かっこいい',
-            'timestamp': 1621094003,
-            'duration': 59,
-            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+',
-            'uploader': '(ルーキー',
-            'uploader_id': '10111524',
-        },
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.mildom.com/clip/10660174-2c539e6e277c4aaeb4b1fbe8d22cb902',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '10660174-2c539e6e277c4aaeb4b1fbe8d22cb902',
-            'title': 'あ',
-            'timestamp': 1614769431,
-            'duration': 31,
-            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+',
-            'uploader': 'ドルゴルスレンギーン＝ダグワドルジ',
-            'uploader_id': '10660174',
-        },
-    }]
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        user_id, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('user_id', 'id')
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(f'https://www.mildom.com/clip/{video_id}', video_id)
-
-        clip_detail = self._call_api(
-            'https://cloudac-cf-jp.mildom.com/nonolive/videocontent/clip/detail', video_id,
-            note='Downloading playback metadata', query={
-                'clip_id': video_id,
-            })
-
-        return {
-            'id': video_id,
-            'title': self._html_search_meta(
-                ('og:description', 'description'), webpage, default=None) or clip_detail.get('title'),
-            'timestamp': float_or_none(clip_detail.get('create_time')),
-            'duration': float_or_none(clip_detail.get('length')),
-            'thumbnail': clip_detail.get('cover'),
-            'uploader': traverse_obj(clip_detail, ('user_info', 'loginname')),
-            'uploader_id': user_id,
-
-            'url': clip_detail['url'],
-            'ext': determine_ext(clip_detail.get('url'), 'mp4'),
-        }
-
-
-class MildomUserVodIE(MildomBaseIE):
-    IE_NAME = 'mildom:user:vod'
-    IE_DESC = 'Download all VODs from specific user in Mildom'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:(?:www|m)\.)mildom\.com/profile/(?P<id>\d+)'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.mildom.com/profile/10093333',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '10093333',
-            'title': 'Uploads from ねこばたけ',
-        },
-        'playlist_mincount': 732,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.mildom.com/profile/10882672',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '10882672',
-            'title': 'Uploads from kson組長(けいそん)',
-        },
-        'playlist_mincount': 201,
-    }]
-
-    def _fetch_page(self, user_id, page):
-        page += 1
-        reply = self._call_api(
-            'https://cloudac.mildom.com/nonolive/videocontent/profile/playbackList',
-            user_id, note=f'Downloading page {page}', query={
-                'user_id': user_id,
-                'page': page,
-                'limit': '30',
-            })
-        if not reply:
-            return
-        for x in reply:
-            v_id = x.get('v_id')
-            if not v_id:
-                continue
-            yield self.url_result(f'https://www.mildom.com/playback/{user_id}/{v_id}')
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        user_id = self._match_id(url)
-        self.to_screen(f'This will download all VODs belonging to user. To download ongoing live video, use "https://www.mildom.com/{user_id}" instead')
-
-        profile = self._call_api(
-            'https://cloudac.mildom.com/nonolive/gappserv/user/profileV2', user_id,
-            query={'user_id': user_id}, note='Downloading user profile')['user_info']
-
-        return self.playlist_result(
-            OnDemandPagedList(functools.partial(self._fetch_page, user_id), 30),
-            user_id, f'Uploads from {profile["loginname"]}')
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/mit.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/mit.py
index e75c540a2..66c3b0793 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/mit.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/mit.py
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ class TechTVMITIE(InfoExtractor):
 
 class OCWMITIE(InfoExtractor):
     IE_NAME = 'ocw.mit.edu'
-    _VALID_URL = r'^https?://ocw\.mit\.edu/courses/(?P<topic>[a-z0-9\-]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://ocw\.mit\.edu/courses/(?P<topic>[a-z0-9\-]+)'
     _BASE_URL = 'http://ocw.mit.edu/'
 
     _TESTS = [
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/mitele.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/mitele.py
index ea2998672..76fef337a 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/mitele.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/mitele.py
@@ -1,14 +1,13 @@
-from .telecinco import TelecincoIE
+from .telecinco import TelecincoBaseIE
 from ..utils import (
     int_or_none,
     parse_iso8601,
 )
 
 
-class MiTeleIE(TelecincoIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
+class MiTeleIE(TelecincoBaseIE):
     IE_DESC = 'mitele.es'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?mitele\.es/(?:[^/]+/)+(?P<id>[^/]+)/player'
-
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'http://www.mitele.es/programas-tv/diario-de/57b0dfb9c715da65618b4afa/player',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -27,6 +26,7 @@ class MiTeleIE(TelecincoIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
             'timestamp': 1471209401,
             'upload_date': '20160814',
         },
+        'skip': 'HTTP Error 404 Not Found',
     }, {
         # no explicit title
         'url': 'http://www.mitele.es/programas-tv/cuarto-milenio/57b0de3dc915da14058b4876/player',
@@ -49,6 +49,26 @@ class MiTeleIE(TelecincoIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
         'params': {
             'skip_download': True,
         },
+        'skip': 'HTTP Error 404 Not Found',
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.mitele.es/programas-tv/horizonte/temporada-5/programa-171-40_013480051/player/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '7adbe22e-cd41-4787-afa4-36f3da7c2c6f',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Horizonte Temporada 5 Programa 171',
+            'description': 'md5:97f1fb712c5ac27e5693a8b3c5c0c6e3',
+            'episode': 'Las Zonas de Bajas Emisiones, a debate',
+            'episode_number': 171,
+            'season': 'Season 5',
+            'season_number': 5,
+            'series': 'Horizonte',
+            'duration': 7012,
+            'upload_date': '20240927',
+            'timestamp': 1727416450,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://album.mediaset.es/eimg/2024/09/27/horizonte-171_9f02.jpg',
+            'age_limit': 12,
+        },
+        'params': {'geo_bypass_country': 'ES'},
     }, {
         'url': 'http://www.mitele.es/series-online/la-que-se-avecina/57aac5c1c915da951a8b45ed/player',
         'only_matching': True,
@@ -60,9 +80,9 @@ class MiTeleIE(TelecincoIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         display_id = self._match_id(url)
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
-        pre_player = self._parse_json(self._search_regex(
-            r'window\.\$REACTBASE_STATE\.prePlayer_mtweb\s*=\s*({.+})',
-            webpage, 'Pre Player'), display_id)['prePlayer']
+        pre_player = self._search_json(
+            r'window\.\$REACTBASE_STATE\.prePlayer_mtweb\s*=',
+            webpage, 'Pre Player', display_id)['prePlayer']
         title = pre_player['title']
         video_info = self._parse_content(pre_player['video'], url)
         content = pre_player.get('content') or {}
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/mixch.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/mixch.py
index 9b7c7b89b..4bccc81bd 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/mixch.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/mixch.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
 
 class MixchIE(InfoExtractor):
     IE_NAME = 'mixch'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?mixch\.tv/u/(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://mixch\.tv/u/(?P<id>\d+)'
 
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://mixch.tv/u/16943797/live',
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ class MixchIE(InfoExtractor):
             note='Downloading comments', errnote='Failed to download comments'), (..., {
                 'author': ('name', {str}),
                 'author_id': ('user_id', {str_or_none}),
-                'id': ('message_id', {str}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'id': ('message_id', {str}, filter),
                 'text': ('body', {str}),
                 'timestamp': ('created', {int}),
             }))
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ class MixchIE(InfoExtractor):
 
 class MixchArchiveIE(InfoExtractor):
     IE_NAME = 'mixch:archive'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?mixch\.tv/archive/(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://mixch\.tv/archive/(?P<id>\d+)'
 
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://mixch.tv/archive/421',
@@ -116,3 +116,56 @@ class MixchArchiveIE(InfoExtractor):
             'formats': self._extract_m3u8_formats(info_json['archiveURL'], video_id),
             'thumbnail': traverse_obj(info_json, ('thumbnailURL', {url_or_none})),
         }
+
+
+class MixchMovieIE(InfoExtractor):
+    IE_NAME = 'mixch:movie'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://mixch\.tv/m/(?P<id>\w+)'
+
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://mixch.tv/m/Ve8KNkJ5',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'Ve8KNkJ5',
+            'title': '夏☀️\nムービーへのポイントは本イベントに加算されないので配信にてお願い致します🙇🏻\u200d♀️\n#TGCCAMPUS #ミス東大 #ミス東大2024 ',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'uploader': 'ミス東大No.5 松藤百香🍑💫',
+            'uploader_id': '12299174',
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'timestamp': 1724070828,
+            'uploader_url': 'https://mixch.tv/u/12299174',
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
+            'upload_date': '20240819',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://mixch.tv/m/61DzpIKE',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        data = self._download_json(
+            f'https://mixch.tv/api-web/movies/{video_id}', video_id)
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'formats': [{
+                'format_id': 'mp4',
+                'url': data['movie']['file'],
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+            }],
+            **traverse_obj(data, {
+                'title': ('movie', 'title', {str}),
+                'thumbnail': ('movie', 'thumbnailURL', {url_or_none}),
+                'uploader': ('ownerInfo', 'name', {str}),
+                'uploader_id': ('ownerInfo', 'id', {int}, {str_or_none}),
+                'channel_follower_count': ('ownerInfo', 'fan', {int_or_none}),
+                'view_count': ('ownerInfo', 'view', {int_or_none}),
+                'like_count': ('movie', 'favCount', {int_or_none}),
+                'comment_count': ('movie', 'commentCount', {int_or_none}),
+                'timestamp': ('movie', 'published', {int_or_none}),
+                'uploader_url': ('ownerInfo', 'id', {lambda x: x and f'https://mixch.tv/u/{x}'}, filter),
+            }),
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/mojevideo.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/mojevideo.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..145e30697
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/mojevideo.py
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import js_to_json, remove_end, update_url_query
+
+
+class MojevideoIE(InfoExtractor):
+    IE_DESC = 'mojevideo.sk'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?mojevideo\.sk/video/(?P<id>\w+)/(?P<display_id>[\w()]+?)\.html'
+
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.mojevideo.sk/video/3d17c/chlapci_dobetonovali_sme_mame_hotovo.html',
+        'md5': '384a4628bd2bbd261c5206cf77c38c17',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3d17c',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Chlapci dobetónovali sme, máme hotovo!',
+            'display_id': 'chlapci_dobetonovali_sme_mame_hotovo',
+            'description': 'md5:a0822126044050d304a9ef58c92ddb34',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://fs5.mojevideo.sk/imgfb/250236.jpg',
+            'duration': 21.0,
+            'upload_date': '20230919',
+            'timestamp': 1695129706,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'dislike_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+        },
+    }, {
+        # 720p
+        'url': 'https://www.mojevideo.sk/video/14677/den_blbec.html',
+        'md5': '517c3e111c53a67d10b429c1f344ba2f',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '14677',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Deň blbec?',
+            'display_id': 'den_blbec',
+            'description': 'I maličkosť vám môže zmeniť celý deň. Nikdy nezahadzujte žuvačky na zem!',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://fs5.mojevideo.sk/imgfb/83575.jpg',
+            'duration': 100.0,
+            'upload_date': '20120515',
+            'timestamp': 1337076481,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'dislike_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+        },
+    }, {
+        # 1080p
+        'url': 'https://www.mojevideo.sk/video/2feb2/band_maid_onset_(instrumental)_live_zepp_tokyo_(full_hd).html',
+        'md5': '64599a23d3ac31cf2fe069e4353d8162',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '2feb2',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'BAND-MAID - onset (Instrumental) Live - Zepp Tokyo (Full HD)',
+            'display_id': 'band_maid_onset_(instrumental)_live_zepp_tokyo_(full_hd)',
+            'description': 'Výborná inštrumentálna skladba od skupiny BAND-MAID.',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://fs5.mojevideo.sk/imgfb/196274.jpg',
+            'duration': 240.0,
+            'upload_date': '20190708',
+            'timestamp': 1562576592,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'dislike_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+        },
+    }, {
+        # 720p
+        'url': 'https://www.mojevideo.sk/video/358c8/dva_nissany_skyline_strielaju_v_londyne.html',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        # 720p
+        'url': 'https://www.mojevideo.sk/video/2455d/gopro_hero4_session_nova_sportova_vodotesna_kamera.html',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        # 1080p
+        'url': 'https://www.mojevideo.sk/video/352ee/amd_rx_6800_xt_vs_nvidia_rtx_3080_(test_v_9_hrach).html',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        # 1080p
+        'url': 'https://www.mojevideo.sk/video/2cbeb/trailer_z_avengers_infinity_war.html',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id, display_id = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+
+        video_id_dec = self._search_regex(
+            r'\bvId\s*=\s*(\d+)', webpage, 'video id', fatal=False) or str(int(video_id, 16))
+        video_exp = self._search_regex(r'\bvEx\s*=\s*["\'](\d+)', webpage, 'video expiry')
+        video_hashes = self._search_json(
+            r'\bvHash\s*=', webpage, 'video hashes', video_id,
+            contains_pattern=r'\[(?s:.+)\]', transform_source=js_to_json)
+
+        formats = []
+        for video_hash, (suffix, quality, format_note) in zip(video_hashes, [
+            ('', 1, 'normálna kvalita'),
+            ('_lq', 0, 'nízka kvalita'),
+            ('_hd', 2, 'HD-720p'),
+            ('_fhd', 3, 'FULL HD-1080p'),
+            ('_2k', 4, '2K-1440p'),
+        ]):
+            formats.append({
+                'format_id': f'mp4-{quality}',
+                'quality': quality,
+                'format_note': format_note,
+                'url': update_url_query(
+                    f'https://cache01.mojevideo.sk/securevideos69/{video_id_dec}{suffix}.mp4', {
+                        'md5': video_hash,
+                        'expires': video_exp,
+                    }),
+            })
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'display_id': display_id,
+            'formats': formats,
+            'title': (self._og_search_title(webpage, default=None)
+                      or remove_end(self._html_extract_title(webpage, 'title'), ' - Mojevideo')),
+            'description': self._og_search_description(webpage),
+            **self._search_json_ld(webpage, video_id, default={}),
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/monstercat.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/monstercat.py
index 930c13e27..f17b91f5a 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/monstercat.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/monstercat.py
@@ -4,15 +4,11 @@ from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
     clean_html,
     extract_attributes,
-    get_element_by_class,
-    get_element_html_by_class,
-    get_element_text_and_html_by_tag,
     int_or_none,
     strip_or_none,
-    traverse_obj,
-    try_call,
     unified_strdate,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import find_element, traverse_obj
 
 
 class MonstercatIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -26,19 +22,21 @@ class MonstercatIE(InfoExtractor):
             'thumbnail': 'https://www.monstercat.com/release/742779548009/cover',
             'release_date': '20230711',
             'album': 'The Secret Language of Trees',
-            'album_artist': 'BT',
+            'album_artists': ['BT'],
         },
     }]
 
     def _extract_tracks(self, table, album_meta):
         for td in re.findall(r'<tr[^<]*>((?:(?!</tr>)[\w\W])+)', table):  # regex by chatgpt due to lack of get_elements_by_tag
-            title = clean_html(try_call(
-                lambda: get_element_by_class('d-inline-flex flex-column', td).partition(' <span')[0]))
-            ids = extract_attributes(try_call(lambda: get_element_html_by_class('btn-play cursor-pointer mr-small', td)) or '')
+            title = traverse_obj(td, (
+                {find_element(cls='d-inline-flex flex-column')},
+                {lambda x: x.partition(' <span')}, 0, {clean_html}))
+            ids = traverse_obj(td, (
+                {find_element(cls='btn-play cursor-pointer mr-small', html=True)}, {extract_attributes})) or {}
             track_id = ids.get('data-track-id')
             release_id = ids.get('data-release-id')
 
-            track_number = int_or_none(try_call(lambda: get_element_by_class('py-xsmall', td)))
+            track_number = traverse_obj(td, ({find_element(cls='py-xsmall')}, {int_or_none}))
             if not track_id or not release_id:
                 self.report_warning(f'Skipping track {track_number}, ID(s) not found')
                 self.write_debug(f'release_id={release_id!r} track_id={track_id!r}')
@@ -48,7 +46,7 @@ class MonstercatIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'title': title,
                 'track': title,
                 'track_number': track_number,
-                'artist': clean_html(try_call(lambda: get_element_by_class('d-block fs-xxsmall', td))),
+                'artists': traverse_obj(td, ({find_element(cls='d-block fs-xxsmall')}, {clean_html}, all)),
                 'url': f'https://www.monstercat.com/api/release/{release_id}/track-stream/{track_id}',
                 'id': track_id,
                 'ext': 'mp3',
@@ -57,20 +55,19 @@ class MonstercatIE(InfoExtractor):
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         url_id = self._match_id(url)
         html = self._download_webpage(url, url_id)
-        # wrap all `get_elements` in `try_call`, HTMLParser has problems with site's html
-        tracklist_table = try_call(lambda: get_element_by_class('table table-small', html)) or ''
-
-        title = try_call(lambda: get_element_text_and_html_by_tag('h1', html)[0])
-        date = traverse_obj(html, ({lambda html: get_element_by_class('font-italic mb-medium d-tablet-none d-phone-block',
-                            html).partition('Released ')}, 2, {strip_or_none}, {unified_strdate}))
+        # NB: HTMLParser may choke on this html; use {find_element} or try_call(lambda: get_element...)
+        tracklist_table = traverse_obj(html, {find_element(cls='table table-small')}) or ''
+        title = traverse_obj(html, ({find_element(tag='h1')}, {clean_html}))
 
         album_meta = {
             'title': title,
             'album': title,
             'thumbnail': f'https://www.monstercat.com/release/{url_id}/cover',
-            'album_artist': try_call(
-                lambda: get_element_by_class('h-normal text-uppercase mb-desktop-medium mb-smallish', html)),
-            'release_date': date,
+            'album_artists': traverse_obj(html, (
+                {find_element(cls='h-normal text-uppercase mb-desktop-medium mb-smallish')}, {clean_html}, all)),
+            'release_date': traverse_obj(html, (
+                {find_element(cls='font-italic mb-medium d-tablet-none d-phone-block')},
+                {lambda x: x.partition('Released ')}, 2, {strip_or_none}, {unified_strdate})),
         }
 
         return self.playlist_result(
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/nebula.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/nebula.py
index cb8f6a67d..42ef25f17 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/nebula.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/nebula.py
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ class NebulaBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
 
     def _extract_video_metadata(self, episode):
         channel_url = traverse_obj(
-            episode, (('channel_slug', 'class_slug'), {lambda x: urljoin('https://nebula.tv/', x)}), get_all=False)
+            episode, (('channel_slug', 'class_slug'), {urljoin('https://nebula.tv/')}), get_all=False)
         return {
             'id': episode['id'].partition(':')[2],
             **traverse_obj(episode, {
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/nekohacker.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/nekohacker.py
index 537158e87..7168a2080 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/nekohacker.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/nekohacker.py
@@ -6,12 +6,10 @@ from ..utils import (
     determine_ext,
     extract_attributes,
     get_element_by_class,
-    get_element_text_and_html_by_tag,
     parse_duration,
-    traverse_obj,
-    try_call,
     url_or_none,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import find_element, traverse_obj
 
 
 class NekoHackerIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -35,7 +33,7 @@ class NekoHackerIE(InfoExtractor):
                     'acodec': 'mp3',
                     'release_date': '20221101',
                     'album': 'Nekoverse',
-                    'artist': 'Neko Hacker',
+                    'artists': ['Neko Hacker'],
                     'track': 'Spaceship',
                     'track_number': 1,
                     'duration': 195.0,
@@ -53,7 +51,7 @@ class NekoHackerIE(InfoExtractor):
                     'acodec': 'mp3',
                     'release_date': '20221101',
                     'album': 'Nekoverse',
-                    'artist': 'Neko Hacker',
+                    'artists': ['Neko Hacker'],
                     'track': 'City Runner',
                     'track_number': 2,
                     'duration': 148.0,
@@ -71,7 +69,7 @@ class NekoHackerIE(InfoExtractor):
                     'acodec': 'mp3',
                     'release_date': '20221101',
                     'album': 'Nekoverse',
-                    'artist': 'Neko Hacker',
+                    'artists': ['Neko Hacker'],
                     'track': 'Nature Talk',
                     'track_number': 3,
                     'duration': 174.0,
@@ -89,7 +87,7 @@ class NekoHackerIE(InfoExtractor):
                     'acodec': 'mp3',
                     'release_date': '20221101',
                     'album': 'Nekoverse',
-                    'artist': 'Neko Hacker',
+                    'artists': ['Neko Hacker'],
                     'track': 'Crystal World',
                     'track_number': 4,
                     'duration': 199.0,
@@ -115,7 +113,7 @@ class NekoHackerIE(InfoExtractor):
                     'acodec': 'mp3',
                     'release_date': '20210115',
                     'album': '進め！むじなカンパニー',
-                    'artist': 'Neko Hacker',
+                    'artists': ['Neko Hacker'],
                     'track': 'md5:1a5fcbc96ca3c3265b1c6f9f79f30fd0',
                     'track_number': 1,
                 },
@@ -132,7 +130,7 @@ class NekoHackerIE(InfoExtractor):
                     'acodec': 'mp3',
                     'release_date': '20210115',
                     'album': '進め！むじなカンパニー',
-                    'artist': 'Neko Hacker',
+                    'artists': ['Neko Hacker'],
                     'track': 'むじな de なじむ feat. 六科なじむ (CV: 日高里菜 )',
                     'track_number': 2,
                 },
@@ -149,7 +147,7 @@ class NekoHackerIE(InfoExtractor):
                     'acodec': 'mp3',
                     'release_date': '20210115',
                     'album': '進め！むじなカンパニー',
-                    'artist': 'Neko Hacker',
+                    'artists': ['Neko Hacker'],
                     'track': '進め！むじなカンパニー (instrumental)',
                     'track_number': 3,
                 },
@@ -166,7 +164,7 @@ class NekoHackerIE(InfoExtractor):
                     'acodec': 'mp3',
                     'release_date': '20210115',
                     'album': '進め！むじなカンパニー',
-                    'artist': 'Neko Hacker',
+                    'artists': ['Neko Hacker'],
                     'track': 'むじな de なじむ (instrumental)',
                     'track_number': 4,
                 },
@@ -181,14 +179,17 @@ class NekoHackerIE(InfoExtractor):
         playlist = get_element_by_class('playlist', webpage)
 
         if not playlist:
-            iframe = try_call(lambda: get_element_text_and_html_by_tag('iframe', webpage)[1]) or ''
-            iframe_src = url_or_none(extract_attributes(iframe).get('src'))
+            iframe_src = traverse_obj(webpage, (
+                {find_element(tag='iframe', html=True)}, {extract_attributes}, 'src', {url_or_none}))
             if not iframe_src:
                 raise ExtractorError('No playlist or embed found in webpage')
             elif re.match(r'https?://(?:\w+\.)?spotify\.com/', iframe_src):
                 raise ExtractorError('Spotify embeds are not supported', expected=True)
             return self.url_result(url, 'Generic')
 
+        player_params = self._search_json(
+            r'var srp_player_params_[\da-f]+\s*=', webpage, 'player params', playlist_id, default={})
+
         entries = []
         for track_number, track in enumerate(re.findall(r'(<li[^>]+data-audiopath[^>]+>)', playlist), 1):
             entry = traverse_obj(extract_attributes(track), {
@@ -200,12 +201,12 @@ class NekoHackerIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'album': 'data-albumtitle',
                 'duration': ('data-tracktime', {parse_duration}),
                 'release_date': ('data-releasedate', {lambda x: re.match(r'\d{8}', x.replace('.', ''))}, 0),
-                'thumbnail': ('data-albumart', {url_or_none}),
             })
             entries.append({
                 **entry,
+                'thumbnail': url_or_none(player_params.get('artwork')),
                 'track_number': track_number,
-                'artist': 'Neko Hacker',
+                'artists': ['Neko Hacker'],
                 'vcodec': 'none',
                 'acodec': 'mp3' if entry['ext'] == 'mp3' else None,
             })
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/neteasemusic.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/neteasemusic.py
index a759da214..900b8b2a3 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/neteasemusic.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/neteasemusic.py
@@ -36,10 +36,6 @@ class NetEaseMusicBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
     _API_BASE = 'http://music.163.com/api/'
     _GEO_BYPASS = False
 
-    @staticmethod
-    def _kilo_or_none(value):
-        return int_or_none(value, scale=1000)
-
     def _create_eapi_cipher(self, api_path, query_body, cookies):
         request_text = json.dumps({**query_body, 'header': cookies}, separators=(',', ':'))
 
@@ -101,7 +97,7 @@ class NetEaseMusicBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'vcodec': 'none',
                 **traverse_obj(song, {
                     'ext': ('type', {str}),
-                    'abr': ('br', {self._kilo_or_none}),
+                    'abr': ('br', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                     'filesize': ('size', {int_or_none}),
                 }),
             })
@@ -282,9 +278,9 @@ class NetEaseMusicIE(NetEaseMusicBaseIE):
             **lyric_data,
             **traverse_obj(info, {
                 'title': ('name', {str}),
-                'timestamp': ('album', 'publishTime', {self._kilo_or_none}),
+                'timestamp': ('album', 'publishTime', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'thumbnail': ('album', 'picUrl', {url_or_none}),
-                'duration': ('duration', {self._kilo_or_none}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'album': ('album', 'name', {str}),
                 'average_rating': ('score', {int_or_none}),
             }),
@@ -440,7 +436,7 @@ class NetEaseMusicListIE(NetEaseMusicBaseIE):
             'tags': ('tags', ..., {str}),
             'uploader': ('creator', 'nickname', {str}),
             'uploader_id': ('creator', 'userId', {str_or_none}),
-            'timestamp': ('updateTime', {self._kilo_or_none}),
+            'timestamp': ('updateTime', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
         }))
         if traverse_obj(info, ('playlist', 'specialType')) == 10:
             metainfo['title'] = f'{metainfo.get("title")} {strftime_or_none(metainfo.get("timestamp"), "%Y-%m-%d")}'
@@ -517,10 +513,10 @@ class NetEaseMusicMvIE(NetEaseMusicBaseIE):
             'creators': traverse_obj(info, ('artists', ..., 'name')) or [info.get('artistName')],
             **traverse_obj(info, {
                 'title': ('name', {str}),
-                'description': (('desc', 'briefDesc'), {str}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'description': (('desc', 'briefDesc'), {str}, filter),
                 'upload_date': ('publishTime', {unified_strdate}),
                 'thumbnail': ('cover', {url_or_none}),
-                'duration': ('duration', {self._kilo_or_none}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'view_count': ('playCount', {int_or_none}),
                 'like_count': ('likeCount', {int_or_none}),
                 'comment_count': ('commentCount', {int_or_none}),
@@ -588,7 +584,7 @@ class NetEaseMusicProgramIE(NetEaseMusicBaseIE):
             'description': ('description', {str}),
             'creator': ('dj', 'brand', {str}),
             'thumbnail': ('coverUrl', {url_or_none}),
-            'timestamp': ('createTime', {self._kilo_or_none}),
+            'timestamp': ('createTime', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
         })
 
         if not self._yes_playlist(
@@ -598,7 +594,7 @@ class NetEaseMusicProgramIE(NetEaseMusicBaseIE):
             return {
                 'id': str(info['mainSong']['id']),
                 'formats': formats,
-                'duration': traverse_obj(info, ('mainSong', 'duration', {self._kilo_or_none})),
+                'duration': traverse_obj(info, ('mainSong', 'duration', {int_or_none(scale=1000)})),
                 **metainfo,
             }
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/nexx.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/nexx.py
index cd32892fa..ee1bc281c 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/nexx.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/nexx.py
@@ -371,7 +371,7 @@ class NexxIE(InfoExtractor):
         # not all videos work via arc, e.g. nexx:741:1269984
         if not video:
             # Reverse engineered from JS code (see getDeviceID function)
-            device_id = f'{random.randint(1, 4)}:{int(time.time())}:{random.randint(1e4, 99999)}{random.randint(1, 9)}'
+            device_id = f'{random.randint(1, 4)}:{int(time.time())}:{random.randint(10000, 99999)}{random.randint(1, 9)}'
 
             result = self._call_api(domain_id, 'session/init', video_id, data={
                 'nxp_devh': device_id,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/nfl.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/nfl.py
index c537c1c47..59213a44b 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/nfl.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/nfl.py
@@ -11,9 +11,12 @@ from ..utils import (
     clean_html,
     determine_ext,
     get_element_by_class,
-    traverse_obj,
+    int_or_none,
+    make_archive_id,
+    url_or_none,
     urlencode_postdata,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
 
 
 class NFLBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -75,22 +78,15 @@ class NFLBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
             'osVersion': '10.0',
         }, separators=(',', ':')).encode()).decode(),
         'networkType': 'other',
-        'nflClaimGroupsToAdd': [],
-        'nflClaimGroupsToRemove': [],
+        'peacockUUID': 'undefined',
     }
     _ACCOUNT_INFO = {}
-    _API_KEY = None
+    _API_KEY = '3_Qa8TkWpIB8ESCBT8tY2TukbVKgO5F6BJVc7N1oComdwFzI7H2L9NOWdm11i_BY9f'
 
     _TOKEN = None
     _TOKEN_EXPIRY = 0
 
-    def _get_account_info(self, url, slug):
-        if not self._API_KEY:
-            webpage = self._download_webpage(url, slug, fatal=False) or ''
-            self._API_KEY = self._search_regex(
-                r'window\.gigyaApiKey\s*=\s*["\'](\w+)["\'];', webpage, 'API key',
-                fatal=False) or '3_Qa8TkWpIB8ESCBT8tY2TukbVKgO5F6BJVc7N1oComdwFzI7H2L9NOWdm11i_BY9f'
-
+    def _get_account_info(self):
         cookies = self._get_cookies('https://auth-id.nfl.com/')
         login_token = traverse_obj(cookies, (
             (f'glt_{self._API_KEY}', lambda k, _: k.startswith('glt_')), {lambda x: x.value}), get_all=False)
@@ -103,7 +99,7 @@ class NFLBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'or else try using --cookies-from-browser instead', expected=True)
 
         account = self._download_json(
-            'https://auth-id.nfl.com/accounts.getAccountInfo', slug,
+            'https://auth-id.nfl.com/accounts.getAccountInfo', None,
             note='Downloading account info', data=urlencode_postdata({
                 'include': 'profile,data',
                 'lang': 'en',
@@ -111,7 +107,7 @@ class NFLBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'sdk': 'js_latest',
                 'login_token': login_token,
                 'authMode': 'cookie',
-                'pageURL': url,
+                'pageURL': 'https://www.nfl.com/',
                 'sdkBuild': traverse_obj(cookies, (
                     'gig_canary_ver', {lambda x: x.value.partition('-')[0]}), default='15170'),
                 'format': 'json',
@@ -126,55 +122,78 @@ class NFLBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
         if len(self._ACCOUNT_INFO) != 3:
             raise ExtractorError('Failed to retrieve account info with provided cookies', expected=True)
 
-    def _get_auth_token(self, url, slug):
+    def _get_auth_token(self):
         if self._TOKEN and self._TOKEN_EXPIRY > int(time.time() + 30):
             return
 
-        if not self._ACCOUNT_INFO:
-            self._get_account_info(url, slug)
-
         token = self._download_json(
             'https://api.nfl.com/identity/v3/token%s' % (
                 '/refresh' if self._ACCOUNT_INFO.get('refreshToken') else ''),
-            slug, headers={'Content-Type': 'application/json'}, note='Downloading access token',
+            None, headers={'Content-Type': 'application/json'}, note='Downloading access token',
             data=json.dumps({**self._CLIENT_DATA, **self._ACCOUNT_INFO}, separators=(',', ':')).encode())
 
         self._TOKEN = token['accessToken']
         self._TOKEN_EXPIRY = token['expiresIn']
         self._ACCOUNT_INFO['refreshToken'] = token['refreshToken']
 
+    def _extract_video(self, mcp_id, is_live=False):
+        self._get_auth_token()
+        data = self._download_json(
+            f'https://api.nfl.com/play/v1/asset/{mcp_id}', mcp_id, headers={
+                'Authorization': f'Bearer {self._TOKEN}',
+                'Accept': 'application/json',
+                'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+            }, data=json.dumps({'init': True, 'live': is_live}, separators=(',', ':')).encode())
+        formats, subtitles = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+            data['accessUrl'], mcp_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls')
+
+        return {
+            'id': mcp_id,
+            'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+            'is_live': is_live,
+            '_old_archive_ids': [make_archive_id(AnvatoIE, mcp_id)],
+            **traverse_obj(data, ('metadata', {
+                'title': ('event', ('def_title', 'friendlyName'), {str}, any),
+                'description': ('event', 'def_description', {str}),
+                'duration': ('event', 'duration', {int_or_none}),
+                'thumbnails': ('thumbnails', ..., 'url', {'url': {url_or_none}}),
+            })),
+        }
+
     def _parse_video_config(self, video_config, display_id):
         video_config = self._parse_json(video_config, display_id)
+        is_live = traverse_obj(video_config, ('live', {bool})) or False
         item = video_config['playlist'][0]
-        mcp_id = item.get('mcpID')
-        if mcp_id:
-            info = self.url_result(f'{self._ANVATO_PREFIX}{mcp_id}', AnvatoIE, mcp_id)
+        if mcp_id := item.get('mcpID'):
+            return self._extract_video(mcp_id, is_live=is_live)
+
+        info = {'id': item.get('id') or item['entityId']}
+
+        item_url = item['url']
+        ext = determine_ext(item_url)
+        if ext == 'm3u8':
+            info['formats'] = self._extract_m3u8_formats(item_url, info['id'], 'mp4')
         else:
-            media_id = item.get('id') or item['entityId']
-            title = item.get('title')
-            item_url = item['url']
-            info = {'id': media_id}
-            ext = determine_ext(item_url)
-            if ext == 'm3u8':
-                info['formats'] = self._extract_m3u8_formats(item_url, media_id, 'mp4')
-            else:
-                info['url'] = item_url
-                if item.get('audio') is True:
-                    info['vcodec'] = 'none'
-            is_live = video_config.get('live') is True
-            thumbnails = None
-            image_url = item.get(item.get('imageSrc')) or item.get(item.get('posterImage'))
-            if image_url:
-                thumbnails = [{
-                    'url': image_url,
-                    'ext': determine_ext(image_url, 'jpg'),
-                }]
-            info.update({
-                'title': title,
-                'is_live': is_live,
-                'description': clean_html(item.get('description')),
-                'thumbnails': thumbnails,
-            })
+            info['url'] = item_url
+            if item.get('audio') is True:
+                info['vcodec'] = 'none'
+
+        thumbnails = None
+        if image_url := traverse_obj(item, 'imageSrc', 'posterImage', expected_type=url_or_none):
+            thumbnails = [{
+                'url': image_url,
+                'ext': determine_ext(image_url, 'jpg'),
+            }]
+
+        info.update({
+            **traverse_obj(item, {
+                'title': ('title', {str}),
+                'description': ('description', {clean_html}),
+            }),
+            'is_live': is_live,
+            'thumbnails': thumbnails,
+        })
         return info
 
 
@@ -188,24 +207,20 @@ class NFLIE(NFLBaseIE):
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': "Baker Mayfield's game-changing plays from 3-TD game Week 14",
             'description': 'md5:85e05a3cc163f8c344340f220521136d',
-            'upload_date': '20201215',
-            'timestamp': 1608009755,
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
-            'uploader': 'NFL',
-            'tags': 'count:6',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+\.jpg',
             'duration': 157,
-            'categories': 'count:3',
+            '_old_archive_ids': ['anvato 899441'],
         },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.chiefs.com/listen/patrick-mahomes-travis-kelce-react-to-win-over-dolphins-the-breakdown',
-        'md5': '6886b32c24b463038c760ceb55a34566',
+        'md5': '92a517f05bd3eb50fe50244bc621aec8',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'd87e8790-3e14-11eb-8ceb-ff05c2867f99',
+            'id': '8b7c3625-a461-4751-8db4-85f536f2bbd0',
             'ext': 'mp3',
             'title': 'Patrick Mahomes, Travis Kelce React to Win Over Dolphins | The Breakdown',
             'description': 'md5:12ada8ee70e6762658c30e223e095075',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://static.clubs.nfl.com/image/private/t_editorial_landscape_12_desktop/v1571153441/chiefs/rfljejccnyhhkpkfq855',
         },
-        'skip': 'HTTP Error 404: Not Found',
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.buffalobills.com/video/buffalo-bills-military-recognition-week-14',
         'only_matching': True,
@@ -236,13 +251,16 @@ class NFLArticleIE(NFLBaseIE):
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         display_id = self._match_id(url)
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
-        entries = []
-        for video_config in re.findall(self._VIDEO_CONFIG_REGEX, webpage):
-            entries.append(self._parse_video_config(video_config, display_id))
+
+        def entries():
+            for video_config in re.findall(self._VIDEO_CONFIG_REGEX, webpage):
+                yield self._parse_video_config(video_config, display_id)
+
         title = clean_html(get_element_by_class(
             'nfl-c-article__title', webpage)) or self._html_search_meta(
             ['og:title', 'twitter:title'], webpage)
-        return self.playlist_result(entries, display_id, title)
+
+        return self.playlist_result(entries(), display_id, title)
 
 
 class NFLPlusReplayIE(NFLBaseIE):
@@ -307,6 +325,9 @@ class NFLPlusReplayIE(NFLBaseIE):
         'all_22': 'All-22',
     }
 
+    def _real_initialize(self):
+        self._get_account_info()
+
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         slug, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('slug', 'id')
         requested_types = self._configuration_arg('type', ['all'])
@@ -315,7 +336,7 @@ class NFLPlusReplayIE(NFLBaseIE):
         requested_types = traverse_obj(self._REPLAY_TYPES, (None, requested_types))
 
         if not video_id:
-            self._get_auth_token(url, slug)
+            self._get_auth_token()
             headers = {'Authorization': f'Bearer {self._TOKEN}'}
             game_id = self._download_json(
                 f'https://api.nfl.com/football/v2/games/externalId/slug/{slug}', slug,
@@ -328,14 +349,13 @@ class NFLPlusReplayIE(NFLBaseIE):
                     'items', lambda _, v: v['subType'] == requested_types[0], 'mcpPlaybackId'), get_all=False)
 
         if video_id:
-            return self.url_result(f'{self._ANVATO_PREFIX}{video_id}', AnvatoIE, video_id)
+            return self._extract_video(video_id)
 
         def entries():
             for replay in traverse_obj(
                 replays, ('items', lambda _, v: v['mcpPlaybackId'] and v['subType'] in requested_types),
             ):
-                video_id = replay['mcpPlaybackId']
-                yield self.url_result(f'{self._ANVATO_PREFIX}{video_id}', AnvatoIE, video_id)
+                yield self._extract_video(replay['mcpPlaybackId'])
 
         return self.playlist_result(entries(), slug)
 
@@ -362,12 +382,15 @@ class NFLPlusEpisodeIE(NFLBaseIE):
         'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
     }]
 
+    def _real_initialize(self):
+        self._get_account_info()
+
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         slug = self._match_id(url)
-        self._get_auth_token(url, slug)
+        self._get_auth_token()
         video_id = self._download_json(
             f'https://api.nfl.com/content/v1/videos/episodes/{slug}', slug, headers={
                 'Authorization': f'Bearer {self._TOKEN}',
             })['mcpPlaybackId']
 
-        return self.url_result(f'{self._ANVATO_PREFIX}{video_id}', AnvatoIE, video_id)
+        return self._extract_video(video_id)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/niconico.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/niconico.py
index 9d7b010c5..29fc1da1e 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/niconico.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/niconico.py
@@ -40,7 +40,6 @@ class NiconicoIE(InfoExtractor):
 
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'http://www.nicovideo.jp/watch/sm22312215',
-        'md5': 'd1a75c0823e2f629128c43e1212760f9',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'sm22312215',
             'ext': 'mp4',
@@ -56,8 +55,8 @@ class NiconicoIE(InfoExtractor):
             'comment_count': int,
             'genres': ['未設定'],
             'tags': [],
-            'expected_protocol': str,
         },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
     }, {
         # File downloaded with and without credentials are different, so omit
         # the md5 field
@@ -77,8 +76,8 @@ class NiconicoIE(InfoExtractor):
             'view_count': int,
             'genres': ['音楽・サウンド'],
             'tags': ['Translation_Request', 'Kagamine_Rin', 'Rin_Original'],
-            'expected_protocol': str,
         },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
     }, {
         # 'video exists but is marked as "deleted"
         # md5 is unstable
@@ -112,7 +111,6 @@ class NiconicoIE(InfoExtractor):
     }, {
         # video not available via `getflv`; "old" HTML5 video
         'url': 'http://www.nicovideo.jp/watch/sm1151009',
-        'md5': 'f95a3d259172667b293530cc2e41ebda',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'sm1151009',
             'ext': 'mp4',
@@ -128,11 +126,10 @@ class NiconicoIE(InfoExtractor):
             'comment_count': int,
             'genres': ['ゲーム'],
             'tags': [],
-            'expected_protocol': str,
         },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
     }, {
         # "New" HTML5 video
-        # md5 is unstable
         'url': 'http://www.nicovideo.jp/watch/sm31464864',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'sm31464864',
@@ -149,12 +146,11 @@ class NiconicoIE(InfoExtractor):
             'comment_count': int,
             'genres': ['アニメ'],
             'tags': [],
-            'expected_protocol': str,
         },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
     }, {
         # Video without owner
         'url': 'http://www.nicovideo.jp/watch/sm18238488',
-        'md5': 'd265680a1f92bdcbbd2a507fc9e78a9e',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'sm18238488',
             'ext': 'mp4',
@@ -168,8 +164,8 @@ class NiconicoIE(InfoExtractor):
             'comment_count': int,
             'genres': ['エンターテイメント'],
             'tags': [],
-            'expected_protocol': str,
         },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
     }, {
         'url': 'http://sp.nicovideo.jp/watch/sm28964488?ss_pos=1&cp_in=wt_tg',
         'only_matching': True,
@@ -375,11 +371,11 @@ class NiconicoIE(InfoExtractor):
             'acodec': 'aac',
             'vcodec': 'h264',
             **traverse_obj(audio_quality, ('metadata', {
-                'abr': ('bitrate', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                'abr': ('bitrate', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'asr': ('samplingRate', {int_or_none}),
             })),
             **traverse_obj(video_quality, ('metadata', {
-                'vbr': ('bitrate', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                'vbr': ('bitrate', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'height': ('resolution', 'height', {int_or_none}),
                 'width': ('resolution', 'width', {int_or_none}),
             })),
@@ -424,7 +420,7 @@ class NiconicoIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'x-request-with': 'https://www.nicovideo.jp',
             })['data']['contentUrl']
         # Getting all audio formats results in duplicate video formats which we filter out later
-        dms_fmts = self._extract_m3u8_formats(dms_m3u8_url, video_id)
+        dms_fmts = self._extract_m3u8_formats(dms_m3u8_url, video_id, 'mp4')
 
         # m3u8 extraction does not provide audio bitrates, so extract from the API data and fix
         for audio_fmt in traverse_obj(dms_fmts, lambda _, v: v['vcodec'] == 'none'):
@@ -432,11 +428,10 @@ class NiconicoIE(InfoExtractor):
                 **audio_fmt,
                 **traverse_obj(audios, (lambda _, v: audio_fmt['format_id'].startswith(v['id']), {
                     'format_id': ('id', {str}),
-                    'abr': ('bitRate', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                    'abr': ('bitRate', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                     'asr': ('samplingRate', {int_or_none}),
                 }), get_all=False),
                 'acodec': 'aac',
-                'ext': 'm4a',
             }
 
         # Sort before removing dupes to keep the format dicts with the lowest tbr
@@ -458,9 +453,11 @@ class NiconicoIE(InfoExtractor):
             if video_id.startswith('so'):
                 video_id = self._match_id(handle.url)
 
-            api_data = self._parse_json(self._html_search_regex(
-                'data-api-data="([^"]+)"', webpage,
-                'API data', default='{}'), video_id)
+            api_data = traverse_obj(
+                self._parse_json(self._html_search_meta('server-response', webpage) or '', video_id),
+                ('data', 'response', {dict}))
+            if not api_data:
+                raise ExtractorError('Server response data not found')
         except ExtractorError as e:
             try:
                 api_data = self._download_json(
@@ -872,7 +869,7 @@ class NicovideoTagURLIE(NicovideoSearchBaseIE):
 
 
 class NiconicoUserIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?nicovideo\.jp/user/(?P<id>\d+)/?(?:$|[#?])'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?nicovideo\.jp/user/(?P<id>\d+)(?:/video)?/?(?:$|[#?])'
     _TEST = {
         'url': 'https://www.nicovideo.jp/user/419948',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -880,7 +877,7 @@ class NiconicoUserIE(InfoExtractor):
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 101,
     }
-    _API_URL = 'https://nvapi.nicovideo.jp/v1/users/%s/videos?sortKey=registeredAt&sortOrder=desc&pageSize=%s&page=%s'
+    _API_URL = 'https://nvapi.nicovideo.jp/v2/users/%s/videos?sortKey=registeredAt&sortOrder=desc&pageSize=%s&page=%s'
     _PAGE_SIZE = 100
 
     _API_HEADERS = {
@@ -900,12 +897,13 @@ class NiconicoUserIE(InfoExtractor):
                 total_count = int_or_none(json_parsed['data'].get('totalCount'))
             for entry in json_parsed['data']['items']:
                 count += 1
-                yield self.url_result('https://www.nicovideo.jp/watch/{}'.format(entry['id']))
+                yield self.url_result(
+                    f'https://www.nicovideo.jp/watch/{entry["essential"]["id"]}', ie=NiconicoIE)
             page_num += 1
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         list_id = self._match_id(url)
-        return self.playlist_result(self._entries(list_id), list_id, ie=NiconicoIE.ie_key())
+        return self.playlist_result(self._entries(list_id), list_id)
 
 
 class NiconicoLiveIE(InfoExtractor):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/noodlemagazine.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/noodlemagazine.py
index 6414f46ef..4a73e4779 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/noodlemagazine.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/noodlemagazine.py
@@ -43,14 +43,8 @@ class NoodleMagazineIE(InfoExtractor):
         def build_url(url_or_path):
             return urljoin('https://adult.noodlemagazine.com', url_or_path)
 
-        headers = {'Referer': url}
-        player_path = self._html_search_regex(
-            r'<iframe[^>]+\bid="iplayer"[^>]+\bsrc="([^"]+)"', webpage, 'player path')
-        player_iframe = self._download_webpage(
-            build_url(player_path), video_id, 'Downloading iframe page', headers=headers)
-        playlist_url = self._search_regex(
-            r'window\.playlistUrl\s*=\s*["\']([^"\']+)["\']', player_iframe, 'playlist url')
-        playlist_info = self._download_json(build_url(playlist_url), video_id, headers=headers)
+        playlist_info = self._search_json(
+            r'window\.playlist\s*=', webpage, video_id, 'playlist info')
 
         formats = []
         for source in traverse_obj(playlist_info, ('sources', lambda _, v: v['file'])):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/nubilesporn.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/nubilesporn.py
index c2079d8b0..47c7be61d 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/nubilesporn.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/nubilesporn.py
@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ from ..utils import (
     get_element_html_by_class,
     get_elements_by_class,
     int_or_none,
-    try_call,
     unified_timestamp,
     urlencode_postdata,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import find_element, find_elements, traverse_obj
 
 
 class NubilesPornIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -70,9 +70,8 @@ class NubilesPornIE(InfoExtractor):
             url, get_element_by_class('watch-page-video-wrapper', page), video_id)[0]
 
         channel_id, channel_name = self._search_regex(
-            r'/video/website/(?P<id>\d+).+>(?P<name>\w+).com', get_element_html_by_class('site-link', page),
+            r'/video/website/(?P<id>\d+).+>(?P<name>\w+).com', get_element_html_by_class('site-link', page) or '',
             'channel', fatal=False, group=('id', 'name')) or (None, None)
-        channel_name = re.sub(r'([^A-Z]+)([A-Z]+)', r'\1 \2', channel_name)
 
         return {
             'id': video_id,
@@ -82,14 +81,14 @@ class NubilesPornIE(InfoExtractor):
             'thumbnail': media_entries.get('thumbnail'),
             'description': clean_html(get_element_html_by_class('content-pane-description', page)),
             'timestamp': unified_timestamp(get_element_by_class('date', page)),
-            'channel': channel_name,
+            'channel': re.sub(r'([^A-Z]+)([A-Z]+)', r'\1 \2', channel_name) if channel_name else None,
             'channel_id': channel_id,
             'channel_url': format_field(channel_id, None, 'https://members.nubiles-porn.com/video/website/%s'),
             'like_count': int_or_none(get_element_by_id('likecount', page)),
             'average_rating': float_or_none(get_element_by_class('score', page)),
             'age_limit': 18,
-            'categories': try_call(lambda: list(map(clean_html, get_elements_by_class('btn', get_element_by_class('categories', page))))),
-            'tags': try_call(lambda: list(map(clean_html, get_elements_by_class('btn', get_elements_by_class('tags', page)[1])))),
+            'categories': traverse_obj(page, ({find_element(cls='categories')}, {find_elements(cls='btn')}, ..., {clean_html})),
+            'tags': traverse_obj(page, ({find_elements(cls='tags')}, 1, {find_elements(cls='btn')}, ..., {clean_html})),
             'cast': get_elements_by_class('content-pane-performer', page),
             'availability': 'needs_auth',
             'series': channel_name,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/nytimes.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/nytimes.py
index 5ec3cdd67..9ef57410a 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/nytimes.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/nytimes.py
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ class NYTimesArticleIE(NYTimesBaseIE):
         details = traverse_obj(block, {
             'id': ('sourceId', {str}),
             'uploader': ('bylines', ..., 'renderedRepresentation', {str}),
-            'duration': (None, (('duration', {lambda x: float_or_none(x, scale=1000)}), ('length', {int_or_none}))),
+            'duration': (None, (('duration', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}), ('length', {int_or_none}))),
             'timestamp': ('firstPublished', {parse_iso8601}),
             'series': ('podcastSeries', {str}),
         }, get_all=False)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/nzonscreen.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/nzonscreen.py
index 5fc516daf..755039804 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/nzonscreen.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/nzonscreen.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ from ..utils import (
 
 
 class NZOnScreenIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'^https?://www\.nzonscreen\.com/title/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.nzonscreen\.com/title/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.nzonscreen.com/title/shoop-shoop-diddy-wop-cumma-cumma-wang-dang-1982',
         'info_dict': {
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/nzz.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/nzz.py
index ac3b73156..047c4e1ac 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/nzz.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/nzz.py
@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
 import re
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import (
-    extract_attributes,
-)
 
 
 class NZZIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -22,19 +19,14 @@ class NZZIE(InfoExtractor):
         'playlist_count': 1,
     }]
 
+    def _entries(self, webpage, page_id):
+        for script in re.findall(r'(?s)<script[^>]* data-hid="jw-video-jw[^>]+>(.+?)</script>', webpage):
+            settings = self._search_json(r'var\s+settings\s*=[^{]*', script, 'settings', page_id, fatal=False)
+            if entry := self._parse_jwplayer_data(settings, page_id):
+                yield entry
+
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         page_id = self._match_id(url)
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, page_id)
 
-        entries = []
-        for player_element in re.findall(
-                r'(<[^>]+class="kalturaPlayer[^"]*"[^>]*>)', webpage):
-            player_params = extract_attributes(player_element)
-            if player_params.get('data-type') not in ('kaltura_singleArticle',):
-                self.report_warning('Unsupported player type')
-                continue
-            entry_id = player_params['data-id']
-            entries.append(self.url_result(
-                'kaltura:1750922:' + entry_id, 'Kaltura', entry_id))
-
-        return self.playlist_result(entries, page_id)
+        return self.playlist_result(self._entries(webpage, page_id), page_id)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/ondemandkorea.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/ondemandkorea.py
index 591b4147e..1921f3fd8 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/ondemandkorea.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/ondemandkorea.py
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ class OnDemandKoreaIE(InfoExtractor):
             **traverse_obj(data, {
                 'thumbnail': ('episode', 'images', 'thumbnail', {url_or_none}),
                 'release_date': ('episode', 'release_date', {lambda x: x.replace('-', '')}, {unified_strdate}),
-                'duration': ('duration', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'age_limit': ('age_rating', 'name', {lambda x: x.replace('R', '')}, {parse_age_limit}),
                 'series': ('episode', {if_series(key='program')}, 'title'),
                 'series_id': ('episode', {if_series(key='program')}, 'id', {str_or_none}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/orf.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/orf.py
index 9c37a54d6..12c4a2104 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/orf.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/orf.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import base64
-import functools
 import re
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
@@ -192,7 +191,7 @@ class ORFPodcastIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'ext': ('enclosures', 0, 'type', {mimetype2ext}),
                 'title': 'title',
                 'description': ('description', {clean_html}),
-                'duration': ('duration', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'series': ('podcast', 'title'),
             })),
         }
@@ -494,7 +493,7 @@ class ORFONIE(InfoExtractor):
         return traverse_obj(api_json, {
             'id': ('id', {int}, {str_or_none}),
             'age_limit': ('age_classification', {parse_age_limit}),
-            'duration': ('exact_duration', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+            'duration': ('exact_duration', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
             'title': (('title', 'headline'), {str}),
             'description': (('description', 'teaser_text'), {str}),
             'media_type': ('video_type', {str}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/parler.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/parler.py
index 9be288a7d..e5bb3be4e 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/parler.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/parler.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-import functools
-
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from .youtube import YoutubeIE
 from ..utils import (
@@ -83,7 +81,7 @@ class ParlerIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'timestamp': ('date_created', {unified_timestamp}),
                 'uploader': ('user', 'name', {strip_or_none}),
                 'uploader_id': ('user', 'username', {str}),
-                'uploader_url': ('user', 'username', {functools.partial(urljoin, 'https://parler.com/')}),
+                'uploader_url': ('user', 'username', {urljoin('https://parler.com/')}),
                 'view_count': ('views', {int_or_none}),
                 'comment_count': ('total_comments', {int_or_none}),
                 'repost_count': ('echos', {int_or_none}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/patreon.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/patreon.py
index 7d6e8439c..6bdeaf157 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/patreon.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/patreon.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import functools
 import itertools
 import urllib.parse
 
@@ -15,20 +16,26 @@ from ..utils import (
     parse_iso8601,
     smuggle_url,
     str_or_none,
-    traverse_obj,
     url_or_none,
     urljoin,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj, value
 
 
 class PatreonBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
-    USER_AGENT = 'Patreon/7.6.28 (Android; Android 11; Scale/2.10)'
+    @functools.cached_property
+    def patreon_user_agent(self):
+        # Patreon mobile UA is needed to avoid triggering Cloudflare anti-bot protection.
+        # Newer UA yields higher res m3u8 formats for locked posts, but gives 401 if not logged-in
+        if self._get_cookies('https://www.patreon.com/').get('session_id'):
+            return 'Patreon/72.2.28 (Android; Android 14; Scale/2.10)'
+        return 'Patreon/7.6.28 (Android; Android 11; Scale/2.10)'
 
     def _call_api(self, ep, item_id, query=None, headers=None, fatal=True, note=None):
         if headers is None:
             headers = {}
         if 'User-Agent' not in headers:
-            headers['User-Agent'] = self.USER_AGENT
+            headers['User-Agent'] = self.patreon_user_agent
         if query:
             query.update({'json-api-version': 1.0})
 
@@ -48,6 +55,7 @@ class PatreonBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
 
 
 class PatreonIE(PatreonBaseIE):
+    IE_NAME = 'patreon'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?patreon\.com/(?:creation\?hid=|posts/(?:[\w-]+-)?)(?P<id>\d+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'http://www.patreon.com/creation?hid=743933',
@@ -111,6 +119,7 @@ class PatreonIE(PatreonBaseIE):
             'comment_count': int,
             'channel_is_verified': True,
             'chapters': 'count:4',
+            'timestamp': 1423689666,
         },
         'params': {
             'noplaylist': True,
@@ -221,6 +230,7 @@ class PatreonIE(PatreonBaseIE):
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.+',
         },
         'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+        'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
     }, {
         # multiple attachments/embeds
         'url': 'https://www.patreon.com/posts/holy-wars-solos-100601977',
@@ -242,6 +252,27 @@ class PatreonIE(PatreonBaseIE):
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.+',
         },
         'skip': 'Patron-only content',
+    }, {
+        # Contains a comment reply in the 'included' section
+        'url': 'https://www.patreon.com/posts/114721679',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '114721679',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'upload_date': '20241025',
+            'uploader': 'Japanalysis',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.+',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'title': 'Karasawa Part 2',
+            'description': 'Part 2 of this video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Azms2-VTASk',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.patreon.com/japanalysis',
+            'uploader_id': '80504268',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.patreon.com/japanalysis',
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'timestamp': 1729897015,
+            'channel_id': '9346307',
+        },
+        'params': {'getcomments': True},
     }]
     _RETURN_TYPE = 'video'
 
@@ -326,8 +357,13 @@ class PatreonIE(PatreonBaseIE):
         if embed_url and (urlh := self._request_webpage(
                 embed_url, video_id, 'Checking embed URL', headers=headers,
                 fatal=False, errnote=False, expected_status=403)):
+            # Vimeo's Cloudflare anti-bot protection will return HTTP status 200 for 404, so we need
+            # to check for "Sorry, we couldn&amp;rsquo;t find that page" in the meta description tag
+            meta_description = clean_html(self._html_search_meta(
+                'description', self._webpage_read_content(urlh, embed_url, video_id, fatal=False), default=None))
             # Password-protected vids.io embeds return 403 errors w/o --video-password or session cookie
-            if urlh.status != 403 or VidsIoIE.suitable(embed_url):
+            if ((urlh.status != 403 and meta_description != 'Sorry, we couldn’t find that page')
+                    or VidsIoIE.suitable(embed_url)):
                 entries.append(self.url_result(smuggle_url(embed_url, headers)))
 
         post_file = traverse_obj(attributes, ('post_file', {dict}))
@@ -389,26 +425,24 @@ class PatreonIE(PatreonBaseIE):
                 f'posts/{post_id}/comments', post_id, query=params, note=f'Downloading comments page {page}')
 
             cursor = None
-            for comment in traverse_obj(response, (('data', ('included', lambda _, v: v['type'] == 'comment')), ...)):
+            for comment in traverse_obj(response, (('data', 'included'), lambda _, v: v['type'] == 'comment' and v['id'])):
                 count += 1
-                comment_id = comment.get('id')
-                attributes = comment.get('attributes') or {}
-                if comment_id is None:
-                    continue
                 author_id = traverse_obj(comment, ('relationships', 'commenter', 'data', 'id'))
-                author_info = traverse_obj(
-                    response, ('included', lambda _, v: v['id'] == author_id and v['type'] == 'user', 'attributes'),
-                    get_all=False, expected_type=dict, default={})
 
                 yield {
-                    'id': comment_id,
-                    'text': attributes.get('body'),
-                    'timestamp': parse_iso8601(attributes.get('created')),
-                    'parent': traverse_obj(comment, ('relationships', 'parent', 'data', 'id'), default='root'),
-                    'author_is_uploader': attributes.get('is_by_creator'),
+                    **traverse_obj(comment, {
+                        'id': ('id', {str_or_none}),
+                        'text': ('attributes', 'body', {str}),
+                        'timestamp': ('attributes', 'created', {parse_iso8601}),
+                        'parent': ('relationships', 'parent', 'data', ('id', {value('root')}), {str}, any),
+                        'author_is_uploader': ('attributes', 'is_by_creator', {bool}),
+                    }),
+                    **traverse_obj(response, (
+                        'included', lambda _, v: v['id'] == author_id and v['type'] == 'user', 'attributes', {
+                            'author': ('full_name', {str}),
+                            'author_thumbnail': ('image_url', {url_or_none}),
+                        }), get_all=False),
                     'author_id': author_id,
-                    'author': author_info.get('full_name'),
-                    'author_thumbnail': author_info.get('image_url'),
                 }
 
             if count < traverse_obj(response, ('meta', 'count')):
@@ -419,15 +453,19 @@ class PatreonIE(PatreonBaseIE):
 
 
 class PatreonCampaignIE(PatreonBaseIE):
-
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?patreon\.com/(?!rss)(?:(?:m/(?P<campaign_id>\d+))|(?P<vanity>[-\w]+))'
+    IE_NAME = 'patreon:campaign'
+    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
+        https?://(?:www\.)?patreon\.com/(?:
+            (?:m|api/campaigns)/(?P<campaign_id>\d+)|
+            (?P<vanity>(?!creation[?/]|posts/|rss[?/])[\w-]+)
+        )(?:/posts)?/?(?:$|[?#])'''
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.patreon.com/dissonancepod/',
         'info_dict': {
             'title': 'Cognitive Dissonance Podcast',
             'channel_url': 'https://www.patreon.com/dissonancepod',
             'id': '80642',
-            'description': 'md5:eb2fa8b83da7ab887adeac34da6b7af7',
+            'description': r're:(?s).*We produce a weekly news podcast focusing on stories that deal with skepticism and religion.*',
             'channel_id': '80642',
             'channel': 'Cognitive Dissonance Podcast',
             'age_limit': 0,
@@ -442,31 +480,46 @@ class PatreonCampaignIE(PatreonBaseIE):
         'url': 'https://www.patreon.com/m/4767637/posts',
         'info_dict': {
             'title': 'Not Just Bikes',
-            'channel_follower_count': int,
             'id': '4767637',
             'channel_id': '4767637',
             'channel_url': 'https://www.patreon.com/notjustbikes',
-            'description': 'md5:595c6e7dca76ae615b1d38c298a287a1',
+            'description': r're:(?s).*Not Just Bikes started as a way to explain why we chose to live in the Netherlands.*',
             'age_limit': 0,
             'channel': 'Not Just Bikes',
             'uploader_url': 'https://www.patreon.com/notjustbikes',
-            'uploader': 'Not Just Bikes',
+            'uploader': 'Jason',
             'uploader_id': '37306634',
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*$',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 71,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.patreon.com/api/campaigns/4243769/posts',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'title': 'Second Thought',
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'id': '4243769',
+            'channel_id': '4243769',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.patreon.com/secondthought',
+            'description': r're:(?s).*Second Thought is an educational YouTube channel.*',
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'channel': 'Second Thought',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.patreon.com/secondthought',
+            'uploader': 'JT Chapman',
+            'uploader_id': '32718287',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*$',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 201,
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.patreon.com/dissonancepod/posts',
         'only_matching': True,
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.patreon.com/m/5932659',
         'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.patreon.com/api/campaigns/4243769',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
-    @classmethod
-    def suitable(cls, url):
-        return False if PatreonIE.suitable(url) else super().suitable(url)
-
     def _entries(self, campaign_id):
         cursor = None
         params = {
@@ -493,7 +546,7 @@ class PatreonCampaignIE(PatreonBaseIE):
 
         campaign_id, vanity = self._match_valid_url(url).group('campaign_id', 'vanity')
         if campaign_id is None:
-            webpage = self._download_webpage(url, vanity, headers={'User-Agent': self.USER_AGENT})
+            webpage = self._download_webpage(url, vanity, headers={'User-Agent': self.patreon_user_agent})
             campaign_id = self._search_nextjs_data(
                 webpage, vanity)['props']['pageProps']['bootstrapEnvelope']['pageBootstrap']['campaign']['data']['id']
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/pialive.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/pialive.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7469135c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/pialive.py
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
+    clean_html,
+    extract_attributes,
+    get_element_by_class,
+    get_element_html_by_class,
+    multipart_encode,
+    str_or_none,
+    unified_timestamp,
+    url_or_none,
+)
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+
+
+class PiaLiveIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://player\.pia-live\.jp/stream/(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
+    _PLAYER_ROOT_URL = 'https://player.pia-live.jp/'
+    _PIA_LIVE_API_URL = 'https://api.pia-live.jp'
+    _API_KEY = 'kfds)FKFps-dms9e'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://player.pia-live.jp/stream/4JagFBEIM14s_hK9aXHKf3k3F3bY5eoHFQxu68TC6krUDqGOwN4d61dCWQYOd6CTxl4hjya9dsfEZGsM4uGOUdax60lEI4twsXGXf7crmz8Gk__GhupTrWxA7RFRVt76',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '88f3109a-f503-4d0f-a9f7-9f39ac745d84',
+            'display_id': '2431867_001',
+            'title': 'こながめでたい日２０２４の視聴ページ | PIA LIVE STREAM(ぴあライブストリーム)',
+            'live_status': 'was_live',
+            'comment_count': int,
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'getcomments': True,
+            'skip_download': True,
+            'ignore_no_formats_error': True,
+        },
+        'skip': 'The video is no longer available',
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://player.pia-live.jp/stream/4JagFBEIM14s_hK9aXHKf3k3F3bY5eoHFQxu68TC6krJdu0GVBVbVy01IwpJ6J3qBEm3d9TCTt1d0eWpsZGj7DrOjVOmS7GAWGwyscMgiThopJvzgWC4H5b-7XQjAfRZ',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '9ce8b8ba-f6d1-4d1f-83a0-18c3148ded93',
+            'display_id': '2431867_002',
+            'title': 'こながめでたい日２０２４の視聴ページ | PIA LIVE STREAM(ぴあライブストリーム)',
+            'live_status': 'was_live',
+            'comment_count': int,
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'getcomments': True,
+            'skip_download': True,
+            'ignore_no_formats_error': True,
+        },
+        'skip': 'The video is no longer available',
+    }]
+
+    def _extract_var(self, variable, html):
+        return self._search_regex(
+            rf'(?:var|const|let)\s+{variable}\s*=\s*(["\'])(?P<value>(?:(?!\1).)+)\1',
+            html, f'variable {variable}', group='value')
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_key = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_key)
+
+        program_code = self._extract_var('programCode', webpage)
+        article_code = self._extract_var('articleCode', webpage)
+        title = self._html_extract_title(webpage)
+
+        if get_element_html_by_class('play-end', webpage):
+            raise ExtractorError('The video is no longer available', expected=True, video_id=program_code)
+
+        if start_info := clean_html(get_element_by_class('play-waiting__date', webpage)):
+            date, time = self._search_regex(
+                r'(?P<date>\d{4}/\d{1,2}/\d{1,2})\([月火水木金土日]\)(?P<time>\d{2}:\d{2})',
+                start_info, 'start_info', fatal=False, group=('date', 'time'))
+            if date and time:
+                release_timestamp_str = f'{date} {time} +09:00'
+                release_timestamp = unified_timestamp(release_timestamp_str)
+                self.raise_no_formats(f'The video will be available after {release_timestamp_str}', expected=True)
+                return {
+                    'id': program_code,
+                    'title': title,
+                    'live_status': 'is_upcoming',
+                    'release_timestamp': release_timestamp,
+                }
+
+        payload, content_type = multipart_encode({
+            'play_url': video_key,
+            'api_key': self._API_KEY,
+        })
+        api_data_and_headers = {
+            'data': payload,
+            'headers': {'Content-Type': content_type, 'Referer': self._PLAYER_ROOT_URL},
+        }
+
+        player_tag_list = self._download_json(
+            f'{self._PIA_LIVE_API_URL}/perf/player-tag-list/{program_code}', program_code,
+            'Fetching player tag list', 'Unable to fetch player tag list', **api_data_and_headers)
+
+        return self.url_result(
+            extract_attributes(player_tag_list['data']['movie_one_tag'])['src'],
+            url_transparent=True, title=title, display_id=program_code,
+            __post_extractor=self.extract_comments(program_code, article_code, api_data_and_headers))
+
+    def _get_comments(self, program_code, article_code, api_data_and_headers):
+        chat_room_url = traverse_obj(self._download_json(
+            f'{self._PIA_LIVE_API_URL}/perf/chat-tag-list/{program_code}/{article_code}', program_code,
+            'Fetching chat info', 'Unable to fetch chat info', fatal=False, **api_data_and_headers),
+            ('data', 'chat_one_tag', {extract_attributes}, 'src', {url_or_none}))
+        if not chat_room_url:
+            return
+        comment_page = self._download_webpage(
+            chat_room_url, program_code, 'Fetching comment page', 'Unable to fetch comment page',
+            fatal=False, headers={'Referer': self._PLAYER_ROOT_URL})
+        if not comment_page:
+            return
+        yield from traverse_obj(self._search_json(
+            r'var\s+_history\s*=', comment_page, 'comment list',
+            program_code, contains_pattern=r'\[(?s:.+)\]', fatal=False), (..., {
+                'timestamp': (0, {int}),
+                'author_is_uploader': (1, {lambda x: x == 2}),
+                'author': (2, {str}),
+                'text': (3, {str}),
+                'id': (4, {str_or_none}),
+            }))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/piaulizaportal.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/piaulizaportal.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 1eb6d92b7..000000000
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/piaulizaportal.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
-from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import (
-    ExtractorError,
-    int_or_none,
-    parse_qs,
-    time_seconds,
-    traverse_obj,
-)
-
-
-class PIAULIZAPortalIE(InfoExtractor):
-    IE_DESC = 'ulizaportal.jp - PIA LIVE STREAM'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?ulizaportal\.jp/pages/(?P<id>[\da-f]{8}-(?:[\da-f]{4}-){3}[\da-f]{12})'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://ulizaportal.jp/pages/005f18b7-e810-5618-cb82-0987c5755d44',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '005f18b7-e810-5618-cb82-0987c5755d44',
-            'title': 'プレゼンテーションプレイヤーのサンプル',
-            'live_status': 'not_live',
-        },
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': True,
-            'ignore_no_formats_error': True,
-        },
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://ulizaportal.jp/pages/005e1b23-fe93-5780-19a0-98e917cc4b7d?expires=4102412400&signature=f422a993b683e1068f946caf406d211c17d1ef17da8bef3df4a519502155aa91&version=1',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '005e1b23-fe93-5780-19a0-98e917cc4b7d',
-            'title': '【確認用】視聴サンプルページ（ULIZA）',
-            'live_status': 'not_live',
-        },
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': True,
-            'ignore_no_formats_error': True,
-        },
-    }]
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        video_id = self._match_id(url)
-
-        expires = int_or_none(traverse_obj(parse_qs(url), ('expires', 0)))
-        if expires and expires <= time_seconds():
-            raise ExtractorError('The link is expired.', video_id=video_id, expected=True)
-
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
-
-        player_data = self._download_webpage(
-            self._search_regex(
-                r'<script [^>]*\bsrc="(https://player-api\.p\.uliza\.jp/v1/players/[^"]+)"',
-                webpage, 'player data url'),
-            video_id, headers={'Referer': 'https://ulizaportal.jp/'},
-            note='Fetching player data', errnote='Unable to fetch player data')
-
-        formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-            self._search_regex(
-                r'["\'](https://vms-api\.p\.uliza\.jp/v1/prog-index\.m3u8[^"\']+)', player_data,
-                'm3u8 url', default=None),
-            video_id, fatal=False)
-        m3u8_type = self._search_regex(
-            r'/hls/(dvr|video)/', traverse_obj(formats, (0, 'url')), 'm3u8 type', default=None)
-
-        return {
-            'id': video_id,
-            'title': self._html_extract_title(webpage),
-            'formats': formats,
-            'live_status': {
-                'video': 'is_live',
-                'dvr': 'was_live',  # short-term archives
-            }.get(m3u8_type, 'not_live'),  # VOD or long-term archives
-        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/pinterest.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/pinterest.py
index 07f249498..f0b38893b 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/pinterest.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/pinterest.py
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ class PinterestBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
 
 
 class PinterestIE(PinterestBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = rf'{PinterestBaseIE._VALID_URL_BASE}/pin/(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _VALID_URL = rf'{PinterestBaseIE._VALID_URL_BASE}/pin/(?:[\w-]+--)?(?P<id>\d+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         # formats found in data['videos']
         'url': 'https://www.pinterest.com/pin/664281013778109217/',
@@ -174,6 +174,25 @@ class PinterestIE(PinterestBaseIE):
     }, {
         'url': 'https://co.pinterest.com/pin/824721750502199491/',
         'only_matching': True,
+    },
+        {
+        'url': 'https://pinterest.com/pin/dive-into-serenity-blue-lagoon-pedi-nails-for-a-tranquil-and-refreshing-spa-experience-video-in-2024--2885187256207927',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '2885187256207927',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Dive into Serenity: Blue Lagoon Pedi Nails for a Tranquil and Refreshing Spa Experience! 💙💅',
+            'description': 'md5:5da41c767d2317e42e49b663b0b2150f',
+            'uploader': 'Glamour Artistry |Everyday Outfits, Luxury Fashion & Nail Designs',
+            'uploader_id': '1142999717836434688',
+            'upload_date': '20240702',
+            'timestamp': 1719939156,
+            'duration': 7.967,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'repost_count': int,
+            'categories': 'count:9',
+            'tags': ['#BlueLagoonPediNails', '#SpaExperience'],
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(?:jpg|png)$',
+        },
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/pixivsketch.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/pixivsketch.py
index 344cdb3d0..50b7af535 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/pixivsketch.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/pixivsketch.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     traverse_obj,
@@ -110,8 +111,8 @@ class PixivSketchUserIE(PixivSketchBaseIE):
         if not traverse_obj(data, 'is_broadcasting'):
             try:
                 self._call_api(user_id, 'users/current.json', url, 'Investigating reason for request failure')
-            except ExtractorError as ex:
-                if ex.cause and ex.cause.code == 401:
+            except ExtractorError as e:
+                if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 401:
                     self.raise_login_required(f'Please log in, or use direct link like https://sketch.pixiv.net/@{user_id}/1234567890', method='cookies')
             raise ExtractorError('This user is offline', expected=True)
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/pokemon.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/pokemon.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 1769684f7..000000000
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/pokemon.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,136 +0,0 @@
-from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import (
-    ExtractorError,
-    extract_attributes,
-    int_or_none,
-    js_to_json,
-    merge_dicts,
-)
-
-
-class PokemonIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?pokemon\.com/[a-z]{2}(?:.*?play=(?P<id>[a-z0-9]{32})|/(?:[^/]+/)+(?P<display_id>[^/?#&]+))'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.pokemon.com/us/pokemon-episodes/20_30-the-ol-raise-and-switch/',
-        'md5': '2fe8eaec69768b25ef898cda9c43062e',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'afe22e30f01c41f49d4f1d9eab5cd9a4',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'The Ol’ Raise and Switch!',
-            'description': 'md5:7db77f7107f98ba88401d3adc80ff7af',
-        },
-        'add_id': ['LimelightMedia'],
-    }, {
-        # no data-video-title
-        'url': 'https://www.pokemon.com/fr/episodes-pokemon/films-pokemon/pokemon-lascension-de-darkrai-2008',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'dfbaf830d7e54e179837c50c0c6cc0e1',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': "Pokémon : L'ascension de Darkrai",
-            'description': 'md5:d1dbc9e206070c3e14a06ff557659fb5',
-        },
-        'add_id': ['LimelightMedia'],
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': True,
-        },
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.pokemon.com/uk/pokemon-episodes/?play=2e8b5c761f1d4a9286165d7748c1ece2',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.pokemon.com/fr/episodes-pokemon/18_09-un-hiver-inattendu/',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.pokemon.com/de/pokemon-folgen/01_20-bye-bye-smettbo/',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }]
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        video_id, display_id = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id or display_id)
-        video_data = extract_attributes(self._search_regex(
-            r'(<[^>]+data-video-id="{}"[^>]*>)'.format(video_id if video_id else '[a-z0-9]{32}'),
-            webpage, 'video data element'))
-        video_id = video_data['data-video-id']
-        title = video_data.get('data-video-title') or self._html_search_meta(
-            'pkm-title', webpage, ' title', default=None) or self._search_regex(
-            r'<h1[^>]+\bclass=["\']us-title[^>]+>([^<]+)', webpage, 'title')
-        return {
-            '_type': 'url_transparent',
-            'id': video_id,
-            'url': f'limelight:media:{video_id}',
-            'title': title,
-            'description': video_data.get('data-video-summary'),
-            'thumbnail': video_data.get('data-video-poster'),
-            'series': 'Pokémon',
-            'season_number': int_or_none(video_data.get('data-video-season')),
-            'episode': title,
-            'episode_number': int_or_none(video_data.get('data-video-episode')),
-            'ie_key': 'LimelightMedia',
-        }
-
-
-class PokemonWatchIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://watch\.pokemon\.com/[a-z]{2}-[a-z]{2}/(?:#/)?player(?:\.html)?\?id=(?P<id>[a-z0-9]{32})'
-    _API_URL = 'https://www.pokemon.com/api/pokemontv/v2/channels/{0:}'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://watch.pokemon.com/en-us/player.html?id=8309a40969894a8e8d5bc1311e9c5667',
-        'md5': '62833938a31e61ab49ada92f524c42ff',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '8309a40969894a8e8d5bc1311e9c5667',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Lillier and the Staff!',
-            'description': 'md5:338841b8c21b283d24bdc9b568849f04',
-        },
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://watch.pokemon.com/en-us/#/player?id=3fe7752ba09141f0b0f7756d1981c6b2',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://watch.pokemon.com/de-de/player.html?id=b3c402e111a4459eb47e12160ab0ba07',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }]
-
-    def _extract_media(self, channel_array, video_id):
-        for channel in channel_array:
-            for media in channel.get('media'):
-                if media.get('id') == video_id:
-                    return media
-        return None
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        video_id = self._match_id(url)
-
-        info = {
-            '_type': 'url',
-            'id': video_id,
-            'url': f'limelight:media:{video_id}',
-            'ie_key': 'LimelightMedia',
-        }
-
-        # API call can be avoided entirely if we are listing formats
-        if self.get_param('listformats', False):
-            return info
-
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
-        build_vars = self._parse_json(self._search_regex(
-            r'(?s)buildVars\s*=\s*({.*?})', webpage, 'build vars'),
-            video_id, transform_source=js_to_json)
-        region = build_vars.get('region')
-        channel_array = self._download_json(self._API_URL.format(region), video_id)
-        video_data = self._extract_media(channel_array, video_id)
-
-        if video_data is None:
-            raise ExtractorError(
-                f'Video {video_id} does not exist', expected=True)
-
-        info['_type'] = 'url_transparent'
-        images = video_data.get('images')
-
-        return merge_dicts(info, {
-            'title': video_data.get('title'),
-            'description': video_data.get('description'),
-            'thumbnail': images.get('medium') or images.get('small'),
-            'series': 'Pokémon',
-            'season_number': int_or_none(video_data.get('season')),
-            'episode': video_data.get('title'),
-            'episode_number': int_or_none(video_data.get('episode')),
-        })
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/pornbox.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/pornbox.py
index e15244dac..0996e4d97 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/pornbox.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/pornbox.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
+
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import functools
 from ..utils import (
     int_or_none,
     parse_duration,
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ class PornboxIE(InfoExtractor):
         get_quality = qualities(['web', 'vga', 'hd', '1080p', '4k', '8k'])
         metadata['formats'] = traverse_obj(stream_data, ('qualities', lambda _, v: v['src'], {
             'url': 'src',
-            'vbr': ('bitrate', {functools.partial(int_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+            'vbr': ('bitrate', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
             'format_id': ('quality', {str_or_none}),
             'quality': ('quality', {get_quality}),
             'width': ('size', {lambda x: int(x[:-1])}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/pornhub.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/pornhub.py
index 679dc6323..e1e9777e8 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/pornhub.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/pornhub.py
@@ -628,8 +628,7 @@ class PornHubPagedPlaylistBaseIE(PornHubPlaylistBaseIE):
             page_entries = self._extract_entries(webpage, host)
             if not page_entries:
                 break
-            for e in page_entries:
-                yield e
+            yield from page_entries
             if not self._has_more(webpage):
                 break
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/pr0gramm.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/pr0gramm.py
index b0d6475fe..d5d6ecdfd 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/pr0gramm.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/pr0gramm.py
@@ -198,6 +198,6 @@ class Pr0grammIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'dislike_count': ('down', {int}),
                 'timestamp': ('created', {int}),
                 'upload_date': ('created', {int}, {dt.date.fromtimestamp}, {lambda x: x.strftime('%Y%m%d')}),
-                'thumbnail': ('thumb', {lambda x: urljoin('https://thumb.pr0gramm.com', x)}),
+                'thumbnail': ('thumb', {urljoin('https://thumb.pr0gramm.com')}),
             }),
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/qdance.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/qdance.py
index 934ebbfd7..4f71657c3 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/qdance.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/qdance.py
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ class QDanceIE(InfoExtractor):
             'description': ('description', {str.strip}),
             'display_id': ('slug', {str}),
             'thumbnail': ('thumbnail', {url_or_none}),
-            'duration': ('durationInSeconds', {int_or_none}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+            'duration': ('durationInSeconds', {int_or_none}, filter),
             'availability': ('subscription', 'level', {extract_availability}),
             'is_live': ('type', {lambda x: x.lower() == 'live'}),
             'artist': ('acts', ..., {str}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/qqmusic.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/qqmusic.py
index d0238692f..fb46e0d12 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/qqmusic.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/qqmusic.py
@@ -211,10 +211,10 @@ class QQMusicIE(QQMusicBaseIE):
             'formats': formats,
             **traverse_obj(info_data, {
                 'title': ('title', {str}),
-                'album': ('album', 'title', {str}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'album': ('album', 'title', {str}, filter),
                 'release_date': ('time_public', {lambda x: x.replace('-', '') or None}),
                 'creators': ('singer', ..., 'name', {str}),
-                'alt_title': ('subtitle', {str}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'alt_title': ('subtitle', {str}, filter),
                 'duration': ('interval', {int_or_none}),
             }),
             **traverse_obj(init_data, ('detail', {
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/radiko.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/radiko.py
index b0b6681c9..f94d6a3e7 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/radiko.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/radiko.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     clean_html,
+    join_nonempty,
     time_seconds,
     try_call,
     unified_timestamp,
@@ -167,7 +168,7 @@ class RadikoBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
 
 
 class RadikoIE(RadikoBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?radiko\.jp/#!/ts/(?P<station>[A-Z0-9-]+)/(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?radiko\.jp/#!/ts/(?P<station>[A-Z0-9-]+)/(?P<timestring>\d+)'
 
     _TESTS = [{
         # QRR (文化放送) station provides <desc>
@@ -183,8 +184,9 @@ class RadikoIE(RadikoBaseIE):
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        station, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
-        vid_int = unified_timestamp(video_id, False)
+        station, timestring = self._match_valid_url(url).group('station', 'timestring')
+        video_id = join_nonempty(station, timestring)
+        vid_int = unified_timestamp(timestring, False)
         prog, station_program, ft, radio_begin, radio_end = self._find_program(video_id, station, vid_int)
 
         auth_token, area_id = self._auth_client()
@@ -207,7 +209,7 @@ class RadikoIE(RadikoBaseIE):
                     'ft': radio_begin,
                     'end_at': radio_end,
                     'to': radio_end,
-                    'seek': video_id,
+                    'seek': timestring,
                 },
             ),
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/radiofrance.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/radiofrance.py
index ff2196354..9d9043984 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/radiofrance.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/radiofrance.py
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ from ..utils import (
 
 
 class RadioFranceIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'^https?://maison\.radiofrance\.fr/radiovisions/(?P<id>[^?#]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://maison\.radiofrance\.fr/radiovisions/(?P<id>[^?#]+)'
     IE_NAME = 'radiofrance'
 
     _TEST = {
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/radioradicale.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/radioradicale.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..472e25c45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/radioradicale.py
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import url_or_none
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+
+
+class RadioRadicaleIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?radioradicale\.it/scheda/(?P<id>[0-9]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.radioradicale.it/scheda/471591',
+        'md5': 'eb0fbe43a601f1a361cbd00f3c45af4a',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '471591',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'md5:e8fbb8de57011a3255db0beca69af73d',
+            'description': 'md5:5e15a789a2fe4d67da8d1366996e89ef',
+            'location': 'Napoli',
+            'duration': 2852.0,
+            'timestamp': 1459987200,
+            'upload_date': '20160407',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://www.radioradicale.it/photo400/0/0/9/0/1/00901768.jpg',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.radioradicale.it/scheda/742783/parlamento-riunito-in-seduta-comune-11a-della-xix-legislatura',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '742783',
+            'title': 'Parlamento riunito in seduta comune (11ª della XIX legislatura)',
+            'description': '-) Votazione per l\'elezione di un giudice della Corte Costituzionale (nono scrutinio)',
+            'location': 'CAMERA',
+            'duration': 5868.0,
+            'timestamp': 1730246400,
+            'upload_date': '20241030',
+        },
+        'playlist': [{
+            'md5': 'aa48de55dcc45478e4cd200f299aab7d',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '742783-0',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'Parlamento riunito in seduta comune (11ª della XIX legislatura)',
+            },
+        }, {
+            'md5': 'be915c189c70ad2920e5810f32260ff5',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '742783-1',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'Parlamento riunito in seduta comune (11ª della XIX legislatura)',
+            },
+        }, {
+            'md5': 'f0ee4047342baf8ed3128a8417ac5e0a',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '742783-2',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'Parlamento riunito in seduta comune (11ª della XIX legislatura)',
+            },
+        }],
+    }]
+
+    def _entries(self, videos_info, page_id):
+        for idx, video in enumerate(traverse_obj(
+                videos_info, ('playlist', lambda _, v: v['sources']))):
+            video_id = f'{page_id}-{idx}'
+            formats = []
+            subtitles = {}
+
+            for m3u8_url in traverse_obj(video, ('sources', ..., 'src', {url_or_none})):
+                fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(m3u8_url, video_id)
+                formats.extend(fmts)
+                self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
+            for sub in traverse_obj(video, ('subtitles', ..., lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['src']))):
+                self._merge_subtitles({sub.get('srclang') or 'und': [{
+                    'url': sub['src'],
+                    'name': sub.get('label'),
+                }]}, target=subtitles)
+
+            yield {
+                'id': video_id,
+                'title': video.get('title'),
+                'formats': formats,
+                'subtitles': subtitles,
+            }
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        page_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, page_id)
+
+        videos_info = self._search_json(
+            r'jQuery\.extend\(Drupal\.settings\s*,',
+            webpage, 'videos_info', page_id)['RRscheda']
+
+        entries = list(self._entries(videos_info, page_id))
+
+        common_info = {
+            'id': page_id,
+            'title': self._og_search_title(webpage),
+            'description': self._og_search_description(webpage),
+            'location': videos_info.get('luogo'),
+            **self._search_json_ld(webpage, page_id),
+        }
+
+        if len(entries) == 1:
+            return {
+                **entries[0],
+                **common_info,
+            }
+
+        return self.playlist_result(entries, multi_video=True, **common_info)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/reddit.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/reddit.py
index bc3e5f7ee..7325e547b 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/reddit.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/reddit.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import json
 import urllib.parse
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
@@ -17,7 +18,7 @@ from ..utils import (
 
 class RedditIE(InfoExtractor):
     _NETRC_MACHINE = 'reddit'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?P<host>(?:\w+\.)?reddit(?:media)?\.com)/(?P<slug>(?:(?:r|user)/[^/]+/)?comments/(?P<id>[^/?#&]+))'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:\w+\.)?reddit(?:media)?\.com/(?P<slug>(?:(?:r|user)/[^/]+/)?comments/(?P<id>[^/?#&]+))'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.reddit.com/r/videos/comments/6rrwyj/that_small_heart_attack/',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -251,15 +252,17 @@ class RedditIE(InfoExtractor):
             return {'en': [{'url': caption_url}]}
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        host, slug, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('host', 'slug', 'id')
+        slug, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('slug', 'id')
 
-        data = self._download_json(
-            f'https://{host}/{slug}/.json', video_id, fatal=False, expected_status=403)
-        if not data:
-            fallback_host = 'old.reddit.com' if host != 'old.reddit.com' else 'www.reddit.com'
-            self.to_screen(f'{host} request failed, retrying with {fallback_host}')
+        try:
             data = self._download_json(
-                f'https://{fallback_host}/{slug}/.json', video_id, expected_status=403)
+                f'https://www.reddit.com/{slug}/.json', video_id, expected_status=403)
+        except ExtractorError as e:
+            if isinstance(e.cause, json.JSONDecodeError):
+                if self._get_cookies('https://www.reddit.com/').get('reddit_session'):
+                    raise ExtractorError('Your IP address is unable to access the Reddit API', expected=True)
+                self.raise_login_required('Account authentication is required')
+            raise
 
         if traverse_obj(data, 'error') == 403:
             reason = data.get('reason')
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/redge.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/redge.py
index 7cb91eea4..5ae09a096 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/redge.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/redge.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import functools
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..networking import HEADRequest
@@ -118,7 +117,7 @@ class RedCDNLivxIE(InfoExtractor):
 
         time_scale = traverse_obj(ism_doc, ('@TimeScale', {int_or_none})) or 10000000
         duration = traverse_obj(
-            ism_doc, ('@Duration', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=time_scale)})) or None
+            ism_doc, ('@Duration', {float_or_none(scale=time_scale)})) or None
 
         live_status = None
         if traverse_obj(ism_doc, '@IsLive') == 'TRUE':
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/redgifs.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/redgifs.py
index 50138ab12..b11ea273d 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/redgifs.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/redgifs.py
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ class RedGifsSearchIE(RedGifsBaseInfoExtractor):
 class RedGifsUserIE(RedGifsBaseInfoExtractor):
     IE_DESC = 'Redgifs user'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?redgifs\.com/users/(?P<username>[^/?#]+)(?:\?(?P<query>[^#]+))?'
-    _PAGE_SIZE = 30
+    _PAGE_SIZE = 80
     _TESTS = [
         {
             'url': 'https://www.redgifs.com/users/lamsinka89',
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ class RedGifsUserIE(RedGifsBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'title': 'lamsinka89',
                 'description': 'RedGifs user lamsinka89, ordered by recent',
             },
-            'playlist_mincount': 100,
+            'playlist_mincount': 391,
         },
         {
             'url': 'https://www.redgifs.com/users/lamsinka89?page=3',
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ class RedGifsUserIE(RedGifsBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'title': 'lamsinka89',
                 'description': 'RedGifs user lamsinka89, ordered by recent',
             },
-            'playlist_count': 30,
+            'playlist_count': 80,
         },
         {
             'url': 'https://www.redgifs.com/users/lamsinka89?order=best&type=g',
@@ -240,7 +240,17 @@ class RedGifsUserIE(RedGifsBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'title': 'lamsinka89',
                 'description': 'RedGifs user lamsinka89, ordered by best',
             },
-            'playlist_mincount': 100,
+            'playlist_mincount': 391,
+        },
+        {
+            'url': 'https://www.redgifs.com/users/ignored52',
+            'note': 'https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7382',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'ignored52',
+                'title': 'ignored52',
+                'description': 'RedGifs user ignored52, ordered by recent',
+            },
+            'playlist_mincount': 121,
         },
     ]
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/reverbnation.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/reverbnation.py
index ddf8c3753..f3bcc2c32 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/reverbnation.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/reverbnation.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ from ..utils import (
 
 
 class ReverbNationIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'^https?://(?:www\.)?reverbnation\.com/.*?/song/(?P<id>\d+).*?$'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?reverbnation\.com/.*?/song/(?P<id>\d+).*?$'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'http://www.reverbnation.com/alkilados/song/16965047-mona-lisa',
         'md5': 'c0aaf339bcee189495fdf5a8c8ba8645',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/rtp.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/rtp.py
index 944e8636a..26aec2e4c 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/rtp.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/rtp.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ from ..utils import js_to_json
 
 
 class RTPIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?rtp\.pt/play/p(?P<program_id>[0-9]+)/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)/?'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?rtp\.pt/play/(?:(?:estudoemcasa|palco|zigzag)/)?p(?P<program_id>[0-9]+)/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'http://www.rtp.pt/play/p405/e174042/paixoes-cruzadas',
         'md5': 'e736ce0c665e459ddb818546220b4ef8',
@@ -19,9 +19,25 @@ class RTPIE(InfoExtractor):
             'description': 'As paixões musicais de António Cartaxo e António Macedo',
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg',
         },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.rtp.pt/play/zigzag/p13166/e757904/25-curiosidades-25-de-abril',
+        'md5': '9a81ed53f2b2197cfa7ed455b12f8ade',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'e757904',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '25 Curiosidades, 25 de Abril',
+            'description': 'Estudar ou não estudar - Em cada um dos episódios descobrimos uma curiosidade acerca de como era viver em Portugal antes da revolução do 25 de abr',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg',
+        },
     }, {
         'url': 'http://www.rtp.pt/play/p831/a-quimica-das-coisas',
         'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.rtp.pt/play/estudoemcasa/p7776/portugues-1-ano',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.rtp.pt/play/palco/p13785/l7nnon',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
     _RX_OBFUSCATION = re.compile(r'''(?xs)
@@ -49,17 +65,17 @@ class RTPIE(InfoExtractor):
 
         f, config = self._search_regex(
             r'''(?sx)
-                var\s+f\s*=\s*(?P<f>".*?"|{[^;]+?});\s*
+                (?:var\s+f\s*=\s*(?P<f>".*?"|{[^;]+?});\s*)?
                 var\s+player1\s+=\s+new\s+RTPPlayer\s*\((?P<config>{(?:(?!\*/).)+?})\);(?!\s*\*/)
             ''', webpage,
             'player config', group=('f', 'config'))
 
-        f = self._parse_json(
-            f, video_id,
-            lambda data: self.__unobfuscate(data, video_id=video_id))
         config = self._parse_json(
             config, video_id,
             lambda data: self.__unobfuscate(data, video_id=video_id))
+        f = config['file'] if not f else self._parse_json(
+            f, video_id,
+            lambda data: self.__unobfuscate(data, video_id=video_id))
 
         formats = []
         if isinstance(f, dict):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/rtvslo.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/rtvslo.py
index 9c2e6fb6b..49bebb178 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/rtvslo.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/rtvslo.py
@@ -187,4 +187,4 @@ class RTVSLOShowIE(InfoExtractor):
         return self.playlist_from_matches(
             re.findall(r'<a [^>]*\bhref="(/arhiv/[^"]+)"', webpage),
             playlist_id, self._html_extract_title(webpage),
-            getter=lambda x: urljoin('https://365.rtvslo.si', x), ie=RTVSLOIE)
+            getter=urljoin('https://365.rtvslo.si'), ie=RTVSLOIE)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/rumble.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/rumble.py
index db780a2cf..74c7e4f17 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/rumble.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/rumble.py
@@ -8,14 +8,17 @@ from ..utils import (
     UnsupportedError,
     clean_html,
     determine_ext,
+    extract_attributes,
     format_field,
     get_element_by_class,
+    get_elements_html_by_class,
     int_or_none,
     join_nonempty,
     parse_count,
     parse_iso8601,
     traverse_obj,
     unescapeHTML,
+    urljoin,
 )
 
 
@@ -382,8 +385,10 @@ class RumbleChannelIE(InfoExtractor):
                 if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 404:
                     break
                 raise
-            for video_url in re.findall(r'class="[^>"]*videostream__link[^>]+href="([^"]+\.html)"', webpage):
-                yield self.url_result('https://rumble.com' + video_url)
+            for video_url in traverse_obj(
+                get_elements_html_by_class('videostream__link', webpage), (..., {extract_attributes}, 'href'),
+            ):
+                yield self.url_result(urljoin('https://rumble.com', video_url))
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         url, playlist_id = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/rutube.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/rutube.py
index d389b3209..20365ac5d 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/rutube.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/rutube.py
@@ -2,14 +2,21 @@ import itertools
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
+    UnsupportedError,
     bool_or_none,
     determine_ext,
     int_or_none,
+    js_to_json,
     parse_qs,
+    str_or_none,
     try_get,
     unified_timestamp,
     url_or_none,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import (
+    subs_list_to_dict,
+    traverse_obj,
+)
 
 
 class RutubeBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -18,7 +25,7 @@ class RutubeBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
             query = {}
         query['format'] = 'json'
         return self._download_json(
-            f'http://rutube.ru/api/video/{video_id}/',
+            f'https://rutube.ru/api/video/{video_id}/',
             video_id, 'Downloading video JSON',
             'Unable to download video JSON', query=query)
 
@@ -60,18 +67,21 @@ class RutubeBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
             query = {}
         query['format'] = 'json'
         return self._download_json(
-            f'http://rutube.ru/api/play/options/{video_id}/',
+            f'https://rutube.ru/api/play/options/{video_id}/',
             video_id, 'Downloading options JSON',
             'Unable to download options JSON',
             headers=self.geo_verification_headers(), query=query)
 
-    def _extract_formats(self, options, video_id):
+    def _extract_formats_and_subtitles(self, options, video_id):
         formats = []
+        subtitles = {}
         for format_id, format_url in options['video_balancer'].items():
             ext = determine_ext(format_url)
             if ext == 'm3u8':
-                formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-                    format_url, video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id=format_id, fatal=False))
+                fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                    format_url, video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id=format_id, fatal=False)
+                formats.extend(fmts)
+                self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
             elif ext == 'f4m':
                 formats.extend(self._extract_f4m_formats(
                     format_url, video_id, f4m_id=format_id, fatal=False))
@@ -80,22 +90,32 @@ class RutubeBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
                     'url': format_url,
                     'format_id': format_id,
                 })
-        return formats
+        for hls_url in traverse_obj(options, ('live_streams', 'hls', ..., 'url', {url_or_none})):
+            fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                hls_url, video_id, 'mp4', fatal=False, m3u8_id='hls')
+            formats.extend(fmts)
+            self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
+        self._merge_subtitles(traverse_obj(options, ('captions', ..., {
+            'id': 'code',
+            'url': 'file',
+            'name': ('langTitle', {str}),
+        }, all, {subs_list_to_dict(lang='ru')})), target=subtitles)
+        return formats, subtitles
 
-    def _download_and_extract_formats(self, video_id, query=None):
-        return self._extract_formats(
+    def _download_and_extract_formats_and_subtitles(self, video_id, query=None):
+        return self._extract_formats_and_subtitles(
             self._download_api_options(video_id, query=query), video_id)
 
 
 class RutubeIE(RutubeBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'rutube'
     IE_DESC = 'Rutube videos'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://rutube\.ru/(?:video(?:/private)?|(?:play/)?embed)/(?P<id>[\da-z]{32})'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://rutube\.ru/(?:(?:live/)?video(?:/private)?|(?:play/)?embed)/(?P<id>[\da-z]{32})'
     _EMBED_REGEX = [r'<iframe[^>]+?src=(["\'])(?P<url>(?:https?:)?//rutube\.ru/(?:play/)?embed/[\da-z]{32}.*?)\1']
 
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'http://rutube.ru/video/3eac3b4561676c17df9132a9a1e62e3e/',
-        'md5': 'e33ac625efca66aba86cbec9851f2692',
+        'url': 'https://rutube.ru/video/3eac3b4561676c17df9132a9a1e62e3e/',
+        'md5': '3d73fdfe5bb81b9aef139e22ef3de26a',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '3eac3b4561676c17df9132a9a1e62e3e',
             'ext': 'mp4',
@@ -108,26 +128,25 @@ class RutubeIE(RutubeBaseIE):
             'upload_date': '20131016',
             'age_limit': 0,
             'view_count': int,
-            'thumbnail': 'http://pic.rutubelist.ru/video/d2/a0/d2a0aec998494a396deafc7ba2c82add.jpg',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://pic.rutubelist.ru/video/d2/a0/d2a0aec998494a396deafc7ba2c82add.jpg',
             'categories': ['Новости и СМИ'],
             'chapters': [],
         },
-        'expected_warnings': ['Unable to download f4m'],
     }, {
-        'url': 'http://rutube.ru/play/embed/a10e53b86e8f349080f718582ce4c661',
+        'url': 'https://rutube.ru/play/embed/a10e53b86e8f349080f718582ce4c661',
         'only_matching': True,
     }, {
-        'url': 'http://rutube.ru/embed/a10e53b86e8f349080f718582ce4c661',
+        'url': 'https://rutube.ru/embed/a10e53b86e8f349080f718582ce4c661',
         'only_matching': True,
     }, {
-        'url': 'http://rutube.ru/video/3eac3b4561676c17df9132a9a1e62e3e/?pl_id=4252',
+        'url': 'https://rutube.ru/video/3eac3b4561676c17df9132a9a1e62e3e/?pl_id=4252',
         'only_matching': True,
     }, {
         'url': 'https://rutube.ru/video/10b3a03fc01d5bbcc632a2f3514e8aab/?pl_type=source',
         'only_matching': True,
     }, {
         'url': 'https://rutube.ru/video/private/884fb55f07a97ab673c7d654553e0f48/?p=x2QojCumHTS3rsKHWXN8Lg',
-        'md5': 'd106225f15d625538fe22971158e896f',
+        'md5': '4fce7b4fcc7b1bcaa3f45eb1e1ad0dd7',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '884fb55f07a97ab673c7d654553e0f48',
             'ext': 'mp4',
@@ -140,11 +159,10 @@ class RutubeIE(RutubeBaseIE):
             'upload_date': '20221210',
             'age_limit': 0,
             'view_count': int,
-            'thumbnail': 'http://pic.rutubelist.ru/video/f2/d4/f2d42b54be0a6e69c1c22539e3152156.jpg',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://pic.rutubelist.ru/video/f2/d4/f2d42b54be0a6e69c1c22539e3152156.jpg',
             'categories': ['Видеоигры'],
             'chapters': [],
         },
-        'expected_warnings': ['Unable to download f4m'],
     }, {
         'url': 'https://rutube.ru/video/c65b465ad0c98c89f3b25cb03dcc87c6/',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -153,53 +171,99 @@ class RutubeIE(RutubeBaseIE):
             'chapters': 'count:4',
             'categories': ['Бизнес и предпринимательство'],
             'description': 'md5:252feac1305257d8c1bab215cedde75d',
-            'thumbnail': 'http://pic.rutubelist.ru/video/71/8f/718f27425ea9706073eb80883dd3787b.png',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://pic.rutubelist.ru/video/71/8f/718f27425ea9706073eb80883dd3787b.png',
             'duration': 782,
             'age_limit': 0,
             'uploader_id': '23491359',
             'timestamp': 1677153329,
             'view_count': int,
             'upload_date': '20230223',
-            'title': 'Бизнес с нуля: найм сотрудников. Интервью с директором строительной компании',
+            'title': 'Бизнес с нуля: найм сотрудников. Интервью с директором строительной компании #1',
             'uploader': 'Стас Быков',
         },
-        'expected_warnings': ['Unable to download f4m'],
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://rutube.ru/live/video/c58f502c7bb34a8fcdd976b221fca292/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'c58f502c7bb34a8fcdd976b221fca292',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'categories': ['Телепередачи'],
+            'description': '',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://pic.rutubelist.ru/video/14/19/14190807c0c48b40361aca93ad0867c7.jpg',
+            'live_status': 'is_live',
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'uploader_id': '23460655',
+            'timestamp': 1652972968,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'upload_date': '20220519',
+            'title': r're:Первый канал. Прямой эфир \d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2} \d{2}:\d{2}$',
+            'uploader': 'Первый канал',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://rutube.ru/play/embed/03a9cb54bac3376af4c5cb0f18444e01/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '03a9cb54bac3376af4c5cb0f18444e01',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'description': '',
+            'title': 'Церемония начала торгов акциями ПАО «ЕвроТранс»',
+            'chapters': [],
+            'upload_date': '20240829',
+            'duration': 293,
+            'uploader': 'MOEX - Московская биржа',
+            'timestamp': 1724946628,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://pic.rutubelist.ru/video/2e/24/2e241fddb459baf0fa54acfca44874f4.jpg',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'uploader_id': '38420507',
+            'categories': ['Интервью'],
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://rutube.ru/video/5ab908fccfac5bb43ef2b1e4182256b0/',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://rutube.ru/live/video/private/c58f502c7bb34a8fcdd976b221fca292/',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
-    @classmethod
-    def suitable(cls, url):
-        return False if RutubePlaylistIE.suitable(url) else super().suitable(url)
-
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
         query = parse_qs(url)
         info = self._download_and_extract_info(video_id, query)
-        info['formats'] = self._download_and_extract_formats(video_id, query)
-        return info
+        formats, subtitles = self._download_and_extract_formats_and_subtitles(video_id, query)
+        return {
+            **info,
+            'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+        }
 
 
 class RutubeEmbedIE(RutubeBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'rutube:embed'
     IE_DESC = 'Rutube embedded videos'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://rutube\.ru/(?:video|play)/embed/(?P<id>[0-9]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://rutube\.ru/(?:video|play)/embed/(?P<id>[0-9]+)(?:[?#/]|$)'
 
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'http://rutube.ru/video/embed/6722881?vk_puid37=&vk_puid38=',
+        'url': 'https://rutube.ru/video/embed/6722881?vk_puid37=&vk_puid38=',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'a10e53b86e8f349080f718582ce4c661',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'timestamp': 1387830582,
             'upload_date': '20131223',
             'uploader_id': '297833',
-            'description': 'Видео группы ★http://vk.com/foxkidsreset★ музей Fox Kids и Jetix<br/><br/> восстановлено и сделано в шикоформате subziro89 http://vk.com/subziro89',
             'uploader': 'subziro89 ILya',
             'title': 'Мистический городок Эйри в Индиан 5 серия озвучка subziro89',
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'duration': 1395,
+            'chapters': [],
+            'description': 'md5:a5acea57bbc3ccdc3cacd1f11a014b5b',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://pic.rutubelist.ru/video/d3/03/d3031f4670a6e6170d88fb3607948418.jpg',
+            'categories': ['Сериалы'],
         },
         'params': {
             'skip_download': True,
         },
     }, {
-        'url': 'http://rutube.ru/play/embed/8083783',
+        'url': 'https://rutube.ru/play/embed/8083783',
         'only_matching': True,
     }, {
         # private video
@@ -214,11 +278,12 @@ class RutubeEmbedIE(RutubeBaseIE):
         query = parse_qs(url)
         options = self._download_api_options(embed_id, query)
         video_id = options['effective_video']
-        formats = self._extract_formats(options, video_id)
+        formats, subtitles = self._extract_formats_and_subtitles(options, video_id)
         info = self._download_and_extract_info(video_id, query)
         info.update({
             'extractor_key': 'Rutube',
             'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
         })
         return info
 
@@ -269,14 +334,14 @@ class RutubeTagsIE(RutubePlaylistBaseIE):
     IE_DESC = 'Rutube tags'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://rutube\.ru/tags/video/(?P<id>\d+)'
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'http://rutube.ru/tags/video/1800/',
+        'url': 'https://rutube.ru/tags/video/1800/',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '1800',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 68,
     }]
 
-    _PAGE_TEMPLATE = 'http://rutube.ru/api/tags/video/%s/?page=%s&format=json'
+    _PAGE_TEMPLATE = 'https://rutube.ru/api/tags/video/%s/?page=%s&format=json'
 
 
 class RutubeMovieIE(RutubePlaylistBaseIE):
@@ -284,8 +349,8 @@ class RutubeMovieIE(RutubePlaylistBaseIE):
     IE_DESC = 'Rutube movies'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://rutube\.ru/metainfo/tv/(?P<id>\d+)'
 
-    _MOVIE_TEMPLATE = 'http://rutube.ru/api/metainfo/tv/%s/?format=json'
-    _PAGE_TEMPLATE = 'http://rutube.ru/api/metainfo/tv/%s/video?page=%s&format=json'
+    _MOVIE_TEMPLATE = 'https://rutube.ru/api/metainfo/tv/%s/?format=json'
+    _PAGE_TEMPLATE = 'https://rutube.ru/api/metainfo/tv/%s/video?page=%s&format=json'
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         movie_id = self._match_id(url)
@@ -301,62 +366,82 @@ class RutubePersonIE(RutubePlaylistBaseIE):
     IE_DESC = 'Rutube person videos'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://rutube\.ru/video/person/(?P<id>\d+)'
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'http://rutube.ru/video/person/313878/',
+        'url': 'https://rutube.ru/video/person/313878/',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '313878',
         },
-        'playlist_mincount': 37,
+        'playlist_mincount': 36,
     }]
 
-    _PAGE_TEMPLATE = 'http://rutube.ru/api/video/person/%s/?page=%s&format=json'
+    _PAGE_TEMPLATE = 'https://rutube.ru/api/video/person/%s/?page=%s&format=json'
 
 
 class RutubePlaylistIE(RutubePlaylistBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'rutube:playlist'
     IE_DESC = 'Rutube playlists'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://rutube\.ru/(?:video|(?:play/)?embed)/[\da-z]{32}/\?.*?\bpl_id=(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://rutube\.ru/plst/(?P<id>\d+)'
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://rutube.ru/video/cecd58ed7d531fc0f3d795d51cee9026/?pl_id=3097&pl_type=tag',
+        'url': 'https://rutube.ru/plst/308547/',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '3097',
+            'id': '308547',
         },
-        'playlist_count': 27,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://rutube.ru/video/10b3a03fc01d5bbcc632a2f3514e8aab/?pl_id=4252&pl_type=source',
-        'only_matching': True,
+        'playlist_mincount': 22,
     }]
-
-    _PAGE_TEMPLATE = 'http://rutube.ru/api/playlist/%s/%s/?page=%s&format=json'
-
-    @classmethod
-    def suitable(cls, url):
-        from ..utils import int_or_none, parse_qs
-
-        if not super().suitable(url):
-            return False
-        params = parse_qs(url)
-        return params.get('pl_type', [None])[0] and int_or_none(params.get('pl_id', [None])[0])
-
-    def _next_page_url(self, page_num, playlist_id, item_kind):
-        return self._PAGE_TEMPLATE % (item_kind, playlist_id, page_num)
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        qs = parse_qs(url)
-        playlist_kind = qs['pl_type'][0]
-        playlist_id = qs['pl_id'][0]
-        return self._extract_playlist(playlist_id, item_kind=playlist_kind)
+    _PAGE_TEMPLATE = 'https://rutube.ru/api/playlist/custom/%s/videos?page=%s&format=json'
 
 
 class RutubeChannelIE(RutubePlaylistBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'rutube:channel'
     IE_DESC = 'Rutube channel'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://rutube\.ru/channel/(?P<id>\d+)/videos'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://rutube\.ru/(?:channel/(?P<id>\d+)|u/(?P<slug>\w+))(?:/(?P<section>videos|shorts|playlists))?'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://rutube.ru/channel/639184/videos/',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '639184',
+            'id': '639184_videos',
         },
-        'playlist_mincount': 133,
+        'playlist_mincount': 129,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://rutube.ru/channel/25902603/shorts/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '25902603_shorts',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 277,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://rutube.ru/channel/25902603/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '25902603',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 406,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://rutube.ru/u/rutube/videos/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '23704195_videos',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 113,
     }]
 
-    _PAGE_TEMPLATE = 'http://rutube.ru/api/video/person/%s/?page=%s&format=json'
+    _PAGE_TEMPLATE = 'https://rutube.ru/api/video/person/%s/?page=%s&format=json&origin__type=%s'
+
+    def _next_page_url(self, page_num, playlist_id, section):
+        origin_type = {
+            'videos': 'rtb,rst,ifrm,rspa',
+            'shorts': 'rshorts',
+            None: '',
+        }.get(section)
+        return self._PAGE_TEMPLATE % (playlist_id, page_num, origin_type)
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        playlist_id, slug, section = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'slug', 'section')
+        if section == 'playlists':
+            raise UnsupportedError(url)
+        if slug:
+            webpage = self._download_webpage(url, slug)
+            redux_state = self._search_json(
+                r'window\.reduxState\s*=', webpage, 'redux state', slug, transform_source=js_to_json)
+            playlist_id = traverse_obj(redux_state, (
+                'api', 'queries', lambda k, _: k.startswith('channelIdBySlug'),
+                'data', 'channel_id', {int}, {str_or_none}, any))
+        playlist = self._extract_playlist(playlist_id, section=section)
+        if section:
+            playlist['id'] = f'{playlist_id}_{section}'
+        return playlist
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/samplefocus.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/samplefocus.py
index 36ceb0254..3db3ce142 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/samplefocus.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/samplefocus.py
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ class SampleFocusIE(InfoExtractor):
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         display_id = self._match_id(url)
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id, impersonate=True)
 
         sample_id = self._search_regex(
             r'<input[^>]+id=(["\'])sample_id\1[^>]+value=(?:["\'])(?P<id>\d+)',
@@ -82,7 +82,15 @@ class SampleFocusIE(InfoExtractor):
         return {
             'id': sample_id,
             'title': title,
-            'url': mp3_url,
+            'formats': [{
+                'url': mp3_url,
+                'ext': 'mp3',
+                'vcodec': 'none',
+                'acodec': 'mp3',
+                'http_headers': {
+                    'Referer': url,
+                },
+            }],
             'display_id': display_id,
             'thumbnail': thumbnail,
             'uploader': uploader,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/screenrec.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/screenrec.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..64f8d2494
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/screenrec.py
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+
+
+class ScreenRecIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?screenrec\.com/share/(?P<id>\w{10})'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://screenrec.com/share/DasLtbknYo',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'DasLtbknYo',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '02.05.2024_03.01.25_REC',
+            'description': 'Recorded with ScreenRec',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.gif$',
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': True,
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+
+        m3u8_url = self._search_regex(
+            r'customUrl\s*:\s*(["\'])(?P<url>(?:(?!\1).)+)\1', webpage, 'm3u8 URL', group='url')
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'title': self._og_search_title(webpage, default=None) or self._html_extract_title(webpage),
+            'description': self._og_search_description(webpage),
+            'thumbnail': self._og_search_thumbnail(webpage),
+            'formats': self._extract_m3u8_formats(m3u8_url, video_id, ext='mp4'),
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/sen.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/sen.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d8f14ecdc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/sen.py
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import url_or_none
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+
+
+class SenIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?sen\.com/video/(?P<id>[0-9a-f-]+)'
+    _TEST = {
+        'url': 'https://www.sen.com/video/eef46eb1-4d79-4e28-be9d-bd937767f8c4',
+        'md5': 'ff615aca9691053c94f8f10d96cd7884',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'eef46eb1-4d79-4e28-be9d-bd937767f8c4',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'description': 'Florida, 28 Sep 2022',
+            'title': 'Hurricane Ian',
+            'tags': ['North America', 'Storm', 'Weather'],
+        },
+    }
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+
+        api_data = self._download_json(f'https://api.sen.com/content/public/video/{video_id}', video_id)
+        m3u8_url = (traverse_obj(api_data, (
+            'data', 'nodes', lambda _, v: v['id'] == 'player', 'video', 'url', {url_or_none}, any))
+            or f'https://vod.sen.com/videos/{video_id}/manifest.m3u8')
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'formats': self._extract_m3u8_formats(m3u8_url, video_id, 'mp4'),
+            **traverse_obj(api_data, ('data', 'nodes', lambda _, v: v['id'] == 'details', any, 'content', {
+                'title': ('title', 'text', {str}),
+                'description': ('descriptions', 0, 'text', {str}),
+                'tags': ('badges', ..., 'text', {str}),
+            })),
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/servus.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/servus.py
index 117f18081..841c7ebf3 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/servus.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/servus.py
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ class ServusIE(InfoExtractor):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'AA-28BYCQNH92111',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Klettersteige in den Alpen',
+            'title': 'Vie Ferrate - Klettersteige in den Alpen',
             'description': 'md5:25e47ddd83a009a0f9789ba18f2850ce',
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg',
             'duration': 2823,
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ class ServusIE(InfoExtractor):
             'season_number': 11,
             'episode': 'Episode 8 - Vie Ferrate – Klettersteige in den Alpen',
             'episode_number': 8,
+            'categories': ['Bergwelten'],
         },
         'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
     }, {
@@ -71,8 +72,11 @@ class ServusIE(InfoExtractor):
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url).upper()
 
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+        next_data = self._search_nextjs_data(webpage, video_id, fatal=False)
+
         video = self._download_json(
-            'https://api-player.redbull.com/stv/servus-tv?timeZone=Europe/Berlin',
+            'https://api-player.redbull.com/stv/servus-tv-playnet',
             video_id, 'Downloading video JSON', query={'videoId': video_id})
         if not video.get('videoUrl'):
             self._report_errors(video)
@@ -89,7 +93,7 @@ class ServusIE(InfoExtractor):
         return {
             'id': video_id,
             'title': video.get('title'),
-            'description': self._get_description(video_id) or video.get('description'),
+            'description': self._get_description(next_data) or video.get('description'),
             'thumbnail': video.get('poster'),
             'duration': float_or_none(video.get('duration')),
             'timestamp': unified_timestamp(video.get('currentSunrise')),
@@ -100,16 +104,19 @@ class ServusIE(InfoExtractor):
             'episode_number': episode_number,
             'formats': formats,
             'subtitles': subtitles,
+            **traverse_obj(next_data, ('props', 'pageProps', 'data', {
+                'title': ('title', 'rendered', {str}),
+                'timestamp': ('stv_date', 'raw', {int}),
+                'duration': ('stv_duration', {float_or_none}),
+                'categories': ('category_names', ..., {str}),
+            })),
         }
 
-    def _get_description(self, video_id):
-        info = self._download_json(
-            f'https://backend.servustv.com/wp-json/rbmh/v2/media_asset/aa_id/{video_id}?fieldset=page',
-            video_id, fatal=False)
-
-        return join_nonempty(*traverse_obj(info, (
-            ('stv_short_description', 'stv_long_description'),
-            {lambda x: unescapeHTML(x.replace('\n\n', '\n'))})), delim='\n\n')
+    def _get_description(self, next_data):
+        return join_nonempty(*traverse_obj(next_data, (
+            'props', 'pageProps', 'data',
+            ('stv_short_description', 'stv_long_description'), {str},
+            {lambda x: x.replace('\n\n', '\n')}, {unescapeHTML})), delim='\n\n')
 
     def _report_errors(self, video):
         playability_errors = traverse_obj(video, ('playabilityErrors', ...))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/shemaroome.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/shemaroome.py
index 284b2f89c..3ab322f67 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/shemaroome.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/shemaroome.py
@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
 import base64
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..aes import aes_cbc_decrypt, unpad_pkcs7
+from ..aes import aes_cbc_decrypt_bytes, unpad_pkcs7
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
-    bytes_to_intlist,
-    intlist_to_bytes,
     unified_strdate,
 )
 
@@ -68,10 +66,10 @@ class ShemarooMeIE(InfoExtractor):
         data_json = self._download_json('https://www.shemaroome.com/users/user_all_lists', video_id, data=data.encode())
         if not data_json.get('status'):
             raise ExtractorError('Premium videos cannot be downloaded yet.', expected=True)
-        url_data = bytes_to_intlist(base64.b64decode(data_json['new_play_url']))
-        key = bytes_to_intlist(base64.b64decode(data_json['key']))
-        iv = [0] * 16
-        m3u8_url = unpad_pkcs7(intlist_to_bytes(aes_cbc_decrypt(url_data, key, iv))).decode('ascii')
+        url_data = base64.b64decode(data_json['new_play_url'])
+        key = base64.b64decode(data_json['key'])
+        iv = bytes(16)
+        m3u8_url = unpad_pkcs7(aes_cbc_decrypt_bytes(url_data, key, iv)).decode('ascii')
         headers = {'stream_key': data_json['stream_key']}
         formats, m3u8_subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(m3u8_url, video_id, fatal=False, headers=headers)
         for fmt in formats:
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/snapchat.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/snapchat.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..09e5766d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/snapchat.py
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import float_or_none, int_or_none, url_or_none
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+
+
+class SnapchatSpotlightIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?snapchat\.com/spotlight/(?P<id>\w+)'
+
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.snapchat.com/spotlight/W7_EDlXWTBiXAEEniNoMPwAAYYWtidGhudGZpAX1TKn0JAX1TKnXJAAAAAA',
+        'md5': '46c580f63592d0cbb76e974d2f9f0fcc',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'W7_EDlXWTBiXAEEniNoMPwAAYYWtidGhudGZpAX1TKn0JAX1TKnXJAAAAAA',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Views 💕',
+            'description': '',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://cf-st\.sc-cdn\.net/d/kKJHIR1QAznRKK9jgYYDq\.256\.IRZXSOY',
+            'duration': 4.665,
+            'timestamp': 1637777831.369,
+            'upload_date': '20211124',
+            'repost_count': int,
+            'uploader': 'shreypatel57',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.snapchat.com/add/shreypatel57',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.snapchat.com/spotlight/W7_EDlXWTBiXAEEniNoMPwAAYcnVjYWdwcGV1AZEaIYn5AZEaIYnrAAAAAQ',
+        'md5': '4cd9626458c1a0e3e6dbe72c544a9ec2',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'W7_EDlXWTBiXAEEniNoMPwAAYcnVjYWdwcGV1AZEaIYn5AZEaIYnrAAAAAQ',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Spotlight Snap',
+            'description': 'How he flirt her teacher🤭🤭🤩😍 #kdrama#cdrama #dramaclips #dramaspotlight',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://cf-st\.sc-cdn\.net/i/ztfr6xFs0FOcFhwVczWfj\.256\.IRZXSOY',
+            'duration': 10.91,
+            'timestamp': 1722720291.307,
+            'upload_date': '20240803',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'repost_count': int,
+            'uploader': 'ganda0535',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.snapchat.com/add/ganda0535',
+            'tags': ['#dramaspotlight', '#dramaclips', '#cdrama', '#kdrama'],
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+        page_props = self._search_nextjs_data(webpage, video_id)['props']['pageProps']
+        video_data = traverse_obj(page_props, (
+            'spotlightFeed', 'spotlightStories',
+            lambda _, v: v['story']['storyId']['value'] == video_id, 'metadata', any), None)
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            **traverse_obj(video_data, ('videoMetadata', {
+                'title': ('name', {str}),
+                'description': ('description', {str}),
+                'timestamp': ('uploadDateMs', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
+                'view_count': ('viewCount', {int_or_none}, {lambda x: None if x == -1 else x}),
+                'repost_count': ('shareCount', {int_or_none}),
+                'url': ('contentUrl', {url_or_none}),
+                'width': ('width', {int_or_none}),
+                'height': ('height', {int_or_none}),
+                'duration': ('durationMs', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
+                'thumbnail': ('thumbnailUrl', {url_or_none}),
+                'uploader': ('creator', 'personCreator', 'username', {str}),
+                'uploader_url': ('creator', 'personCreator', 'url', {url_or_none}),
+            })),
+            **traverse_obj(video_data, {
+                'description': ('description', {str}),
+                'tags': ('hashtags', ..., {str}),
+                'view_count': ('engagementStats', 'viewCount', {int_or_none}, {lambda x: None if x == -1 else x}),
+                'repost_count': ('engagementStats', 'shareCount', {int_or_none}),
+            }),
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/sonyliv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/sonyliv.py
index a0a051e97..0cd914cbb 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/sonyliv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/sonyliv.py
@@ -199,8 +199,9 @@ class SonyLIVSeriesIE(InfoExtractor):
         },
     }]
     _API_BASE = 'https://apiv2.sonyliv.com/AGL'
+    _SORT_ORDERS = ('asc', 'desc')
 
-    def _entries(self, show_id):
+    def _entries(self, show_id, sort_order):
         headers = {
             'Accept': 'application/json, text/plain, */*',
             'Referer': 'https://www.sonyliv.com',
@@ -215,6 +216,9 @@ class SonyLIVSeriesIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'from': '0',
                 'to': '49',
             }), ('resultObj', 'containers', 0, 'containers', lambda _, v: int_or_none(v['id'])))
+
+        if sort_order == 'desc':
+            seasons = reversed(seasons)
         for season in seasons:
             season_id = str(season['id'])
             note = traverse_obj(season, ('metadata', 'title', {str})) or 'season'
@@ -226,7 +230,7 @@ class SonyLIVSeriesIE(InfoExtractor):
                         'from': str(cursor),
                         'to': str(cursor + 99),
                         'orderBy': 'episodeNumber',
-                        'sortOrder': 'asc',
+                        'sortOrder': sort_order,
                     }), ('resultObj', 'containers', 0, 'containers', lambda _, v: int_or_none(v['id'])))
                 if not episodes:
                     break
@@ -237,4 +241,10 @@ class SonyLIVSeriesIE(InfoExtractor):
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         show_id = self._match_id(url)
-        return self.playlist_result(self._entries(show_id), playlist_id=show_id)
+
+        sort_order = self._configuration_arg('sort_order', [self._SORT_ORDERS[0]])[0]
+        if sort_order not in self._SORT_ORDERS:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f'Invalid sort order "{sort_order}". Allowed values are: {", ".join(self._SORT_ORDERS)}')
+
+        return self.playlist_result(self._entries(show_id, sort_order), playlist_id=show_id)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/soundcloud.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/soundcloud.py
index 4f8d96407..e0dda8ff8 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/soundcloud.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/soundcloud.py
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ from .common import InfoExtractor, SearchInfoExtractor
 from ..networking import HEADRequest
 from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
-    KNOWN_EXTENSIONS,
     ExtractorError,
     float_or_none,
     int_or_none,
@@ -208,7 +207,6 @@ class SoundcloudBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
 
     def _extract_info_dict(self, info, full_title=None, secret_token=None, extract_flat=False):
         track_id = str(info['id'])
-        title = info['title']
 
         format_urls = set()
         formats = []
@@ -242,7 +240,7 @@ class SoundcloudBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
                     format_urls.add(format_url)
                     formats.append({
                         'format_id': 'download',
-                        'ext': urlhandle_detect_ext(urlh) or 'mp3',
+                        'ext': urlhandle_detect_ext(urlh, default='mp3'),
                         'filesize': int_or_none(urlh.headers.get('Content-Length')),
                         'url': format_url,
                         'quality': 10,
@@ -252,50 +250,15 @@ class SoundcloudBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
         def invalid_url(url):
             return not url or url in format_urls
 
-        def add_format(f, protocol, is_preview=False):
-            mobj = re.search(r'\.(?P<abr>\d+)\.(?P<ext>[0-9a-z]{3,4})(?=[/?])', stream_url)
-            if mobj:
-                for k, v in mobj.groupdict().items():
-                    if not f.get(k):
-                        f[k] = v
-            format_id_list = []
-            if protocol:
-                format_id_list.append(protocol)
-            ext = f.get('ext')
-            if ext == 'aac':
-                f.update({
-                    'abr': 256,
-                    'quality': 5,
-                    'format_note': 'Premium',
-                })
-            for k in ('ext', 'abr'):
-                v = str_or_none(f.get(k))
-                if v:
-                    format_id_list.append(v)
-            preview = is_preview or re.search(r'/(?:preview|playlist)/0/30/', f['url'])
-            if preview:
-                format_id_list.append('preview')
-            abr = f.get('abr')
-            if abr:
-                f['abr'] = int(abr)
-            if protocol in ('hls', 'hls-aes'):
-                protocol = 'm3u8' if ext == 'aac' else 'm3u8_native'
-            else:
-                protocol = 'http'
-            f.update({
-                'format_id': '_'.join(format_id_list),
-                'protocol': protocol,
-                'preference': -10 if preview else None,
-            })
-            formats.append(f)
-
         # New API
-        for t in traverse_obj(info, ('media', 'transcodings', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['url']))):
+        for t in traverse_obj(info, ('media', 'transcodings', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['url']) and v['preset'])):
             if extract_flat:
                 break
             format_url = t['url']
+            preset = t['preset']
+            preset_base = preset.partition('_')[0]
 
-            protocol = traverse_obj(t, ('format', 'protocol', {str}))
+            protocol = traverse_obj(t, ('format', 'protocol', {str})) or 'http'
             if protocol == 'progressive':
                 protocol = 'http'
             if protocol != 'hls' and '/hls' in format_url:
@@ -303,32 +266,54 @@ class SoundcloudBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
             if protocol == 'encrypted-hls' or '/encrypted-hls' in format_url:
                 protocol = 'hls-aes'
 
-            ext = None
-            if preset := traverse_obj(t, ('preset', {str_or_none})):
-                ext = preset.split('_')[0]
-            if ext not in KNOWN_EXTENSIONS:
-                ext = mimetype2ext(traverse_obj(t, ('format', 'mime_type', {str})))
-
-            identifier = join_nonempty(protocol, ext, delim='_')
-            if not self._is_requested(identifier):
-                self.write_debug(f'"{identifier}" is not a requested format, skipping')
+            short_identifier = f'{protocol}_{preset_base}'
+            if preset_base == 'abr':
+                self.write_debug(f'Skipping broken "{short_identifier}" format')
+                continue
+            if not self._is_requested(short_identifier):
+                self.write_debug(f'"{short_identifier}" is not a requested format, skipping')
                 continue
 
             # XXX: if not extract_flat, 429 error must be caught where _extract_info_dict is called
             stream_url = traverse_obj(self._call_api(
-                format_url, track_id, f'Downloading {identifier} format info JSON',
+                format_url, track_id, f'Downloading {short_identifier} format info JSON',
                 query=query, headers=self._HEADERS), ('url', {url_or_none}))
-
             if invalid_url(stream_url):
                 continue
             format_urls.add(stream_url)
-            add_format({
+
+            mime_type = traverse_obj(t, ('format', 'mime_type', {str}))
+            codec = self._search_regex(r'codecs="([^"]+)"', mime_type, 'codec', default=None)
+            ext = {
+                'mp4a': 'm4a',
+                'opus': 'opus',
+            }.get(codec[:4] if codec else None) or mimetype2ext(mime_type, default=None)
+            if not ext or ext == 'm3u8':
+                ext = preset_base
+
+            is_premium = t.get('quality') == 'hq'
+            abr = int_or_none(
+                self._search_regex(r'(\d+)k$', preset, 'abr', default=None)
+                or self._search_regex(r'\.(\d+)\.(?:opus|mp3)[/?]', stream_url, 'abr', default=None)
+                or (256 if (is_premium and 'aac' in preset) else None))
+
+            is_preview = (t.get('snipped')
+                          or '/preview/' in format_url
+                          or re.search(r'/(?:preview|playlist)/0/30/', stream_url))
+
+            formats.append({
+                'format_id': join_nonempty(protocol, preset, is_preview and 'preview', delim='_'),
                 'url': stream_url,
                 'ext': ext,
-            }, protocol, t.get('snipped') or '/preview/' in format_url)
-
-        for f in formats:
-            f['vcodec'] = 'none'
+                'acodec': codec,
+                'vcodec': 'none',
+                'abr': abr,
+                'protocol': 'm3u8_native' if protocol in ('hls', 'hls-aes') else 'http',
+                'container': 'm4a_dash' if ext == 'm4a' else None,
+                'quality': 5 if is_premium else 0 if (abr and abr >= 160) else -1,
+                'format_note': 'Premium' if is_premium else None,
+                'preference': -10 if is_preview else None,
+            })
 
         if not formats and info.get('policy') == 'BLOCK':
             self.raise_geo_restricted(metadata_available=True)
@@ -367,7 +352,7 @@ class SoundcloudBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
             'uploader_id': str_or_none(user.get('id')) or user.get('permalink'),
             'uploader_url': user.get('permalink_url'),
             'timestamp': unified_timestamp(info.get('created_at')),
-            'title': title,
+            'title': info.get('title'),
             'description': info.get('description'),
             'thumbnails': thumbnails,
             'duration': float_or_none(info.get('duration'), 1000),
@@ -377,7 +362,8 @@ class SoundcloudBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
             'like_count': extract_count('favoritings') or extract_count('likes'),
             'comment_count': extract_count('comment'),
             'repost_count': extract_count('reposts'),
-            'genres': traverse_obj(info, ('genre', {str}, {lambda x: x or None}, all)),
+            'genres': traverse_obj(info, ('genre', {str}, filter, all, filter)),
+            'artists': traverse_obj(info, ('publisher_metadata', 'artist', {str}, filter, all, filter)),
             'formats': formats if not extract_flat else None,
         }
 
@@ -429,7 +415,6 @@ class SoundcloudIE(SoundcloudBaseIE):
                 'repost_count': int,
                 'thumbnail': 'https://i1.sndcdn.com/artworks-000031955188-rwb18x-original.jpg',
                 'uploader_url': 'https://soundcloud.com/ethmusic',
-                'genres': [],
             },
         },
         # geo-restricted
@@ -453,6 +438,7 @@ class SoundcloudIE(SoundcloudBaseIE):
                 'uploader_url': 'https://soundcloud.com/the-concept-band',
                 'thumbnail': 'https://i1.sndcdn.com/artworks-v8bFHhXm7Au6-0-original.jpg',
                 'genres': ['Alternative'],
+                'artists': ['The Royal Concept'],
             },
         },
         # private link
@@ -525,6 +511,7 @@ class SoundcloudIE(SoundcloudBaseIE):
                 'repost_count': int,
                 'view_count': int,
                 'genres': ['Dance & EDM'],
+                'artists': ['80M'],
             },
         },
         # private link, downloadable format
@@ -549,6 +536,7 @@ class SoundcloudIE(SoundcloudBaseIE):
                 'thumbnail': 'https://i1.sndcdn.com/artworks-000240712245-kedn4p-original.jpg',
                 'uploader_url': 'https://soundcloud.com/oriuplift',
                 'genres': ['Trance'],
+                'artists': ['Ori Uplift'],
             },
         },
         # no album art, use avatar pic for thumbnail
@@ -572,7 +560,7 @@ class SoundcloudIE(SoundcloudBaseIE):
                 'comment_count': int,
                 'repost_count': int,
                 'uploader_url': 'https://soundcloud.com/garyvee',
-                'genres': [],
+                'artists': ['MadReal'],
             },
             'params': {
                 'skip_download': True,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/spankbang.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/spankbang.py
index 6805a72de..05f0bb146 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/spankbang.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/spankbang.py
@@ -71,9 +71,11 @@ class SpankBangIE(InfoExtractor):
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         mobj = self._match_valid_url(url)
         video_id = mobj.group('id') or mobj.group('id_2')
+        country = self.get_param('geo_bypass_country') or 'US'
+        self._set_cookie('.spankbang.com', 'country', country.upper())
         webpage = self._download_webpage(
             url.replace(f'/{video_id}/embed', f'/{video_id}/video'),
-            video_id, headers={'Cookie': 'country=US'})
+            video_id, impersonate=True)
 
         if re.search(r'<[^>]+\b(?:id|class)=["\']video_removed', webpage):
             raise ExtractorError(
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/spreaker.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/spreaker.py
index d1df45969..c64c2fcd2 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/spreaker.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/spreaker.py
@@ -2,13 +2,16 @@ import itertools
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
+    filter_dict,
     float_or_none,
     int_or_none,
+    parse_qs,
     str_or_none,
     try_get,
     unified_timestamp,
     url_or_none,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
 
 
 def _extract_episode(data, episode_id=None):
@@ -58,15 +61,10 @@ def _extract_episode(data, episode_id=None):
 
 
 class SpreakerIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
-                    https?://
-                        api\.spreaker\.com/
-                        (?:
-                            (?:download/)?episode|
-                            v2/episodes
-                        )/
-                        (?P<id>\d+)
-                    '''
+    _VALID_URL = [
+        r'https?://api\.spreaker\.com/(?:(?:download/)?episode|v2/episodes)/(?P<id>\d+)',
+        r'https?://(?:www\.)?spreaker\.com/episode/[^#?/]*?(?P<id>\d+)/?(?:[?#]|$)',
+    ]
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://api.spreaker.com/episode/12534508',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -83,7 +81,9 @@ class SpreakerIE(InfoExtractor):
             'view_count': int,
             'like_count': int,
             'comment_count': int,
-            'series': 'Success With Music (SWM)',
+            'series': 'Success With Music | SWM',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_square_limited_160/images.spreaker.com/original/777ce4f96b71b0e1b7c09a5e625210e3.jpg',
+            'creators': ['SWM'],
         },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://api.spreaker.com/download/episode/12534508/swm_ep15_how_to_market_your_music_part_2.mp3',
@@ -91,52 +91,75 @@ class SpreakerIE(InfoExtractor):
     }, {
         'url': 'https://api.spreaker.com/v2/episodes/12534508?export=episode_segments',
         'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'note': 'episode',
+        'url': 'https://www.spreaker.com/episode/grunge-music-origins-the-raw-sound-that-defined-a-generation--60269615',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '60269615',
+            'display_id': 'grunge-music-origins-the-raw-sound-that-',
+            'ext': 'mp3',
+            'title': 'Grunge Music Origins - The Raw Sound that Defined a Generation',
+            'description': str,
+            'timestamp': 1717468905,
+            'upload_date': '20240604',
+            'uploader': 'Katie Brown 2',
+            'uploader_id': '17733249',
+            'duration': 818.83,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'series': '90s Grunge',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_square_limited_160/images.spreaker.com/original/bb0d4178f7cf57cc8786dedbd9c5d969.jpg',
+            'creators': ['Katie Brown 2'],
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.spreaker.com/episode/60269615',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         episode_id = self._match_id(url)
         data = self._download_json(
-            f'https://api.spreaker.com/v2/episodes/{episode_id}',
-            episode_id)['response']['episode']
+            f'https://api.spreaker.com/v2/episodes/{episode_id}', episode_id,
+            query=traverse_obj(parse_qs(url), {'key': ('key', 0)}))['response']['episode']
         return _extract_episode(data, episode_id)
 
 
-class SpreakerPageIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?spreaker\.com/user/[^/]+/(?P<id>[^/?#&]+)'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.spreaker.com/user/9780658/swm-ep15-how-to-market-your-music-part-2',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }]
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        display_id = self._match_id(url)
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
-        episode_id = self._search_regex(
-            (r'data-episode_id=["\'](?P<id>\d+)',
-             r'episode_id\s*:\s*(?P<id>\d+)'), webpage, 'episode id')
-        return self.url_result(
-            f'https://api.spreaker.com/episode/{episode_id}',
-            ie=SpreakerIE.ie_key(), video_id=episode_id)
-
-
 class SpreakerShowIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://api\.spreaker\.com/show/(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _VALID_URL = [
+        r'https?://api\.spreaker\.com/show/(?P<id>\d+)',
+        r'https?://(?:www\.)?spreaker\.com/podcast/[\w-]+--(?P<id>[\d]+)',
+        r'https?://(?:www\.)?spreaker\.com/show/(?P<id>\d+)/episodes/feed',
+    ]
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://api.spreaker.com/show/4652058',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '4652058',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 118,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/health-wealth--5918323',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '5918323',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 60,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.spreaker.com/show/5887186/episodes/feed',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '5887186',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 290,
     }]
 
-    def _entries(self, show_id):
+    def _entries(self, show_id, key=None):
         for page_num in itertools.count(1):
             episodes = self._download_json(
                 f'https://api.spreaker.com/show/{show_id}/episodes',
-                show_id, note=f'Downloading JSON page {page_num}', query={
+                show_id, note=f'Downloading JSON page {page_num}', query=filter_dict({
                     'page': page_num,
                     'max_per_page': 100,
-                })
+                    'key': key,
+                }))
             pager = try_get(episodes, lambda x: x['response']['pager'], dict)
             if not pager:
                 break
@@ -152,21 +175,5 @@ class SpreakerShowIE(InfoExtractor):
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         show_id = self._match_id(url)
-        return self.playlist_result(self._entries(show_id), playlist_id=show_id)
-
-
-class SpreakerShowPageIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?spreaker\.com/show/(?P<id>[^/?#&]+)'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.spreaker.com/show/success-with-music',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }]
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        display_id = self._match_id(url)
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
-        show_id = self._search_regex(
-            r'show_id\s*:\s*(?P<id>\d+)', webpage, 'show id')
-        return self.url_result(
-            f'https://api.spreaker.com/show/{show_id}',
-            ie=SpreakerShowIE.ie_key(), video_id=show_id)
+        key = traverse_obj(parse_qs(url), ('key', 0))
+        return self.playlist_result(self._entries(show_id, key), playlist_id=show_id)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/stripchat.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/stripchat.py
index 31c8afbc6..84846042f 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/stripchat.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/stripchat.py
@@ -28,24 +28,21 @@ class StripchatIE(InfoExtractor):
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id, headers=self.geo_verification_headers())
+        data = self._search_json(
+            r'<script\b[^>]*>\s*window\.__PRELOADED_STATE__\s*=',
+            webpage, 'data', video_id, transform_source=lowercase_escape)
 
-        data = self._parse_json(
-            self._search_regex(
-                r'<script\b[^>]*>\s*window\.__PRELOADED_STATE__\s*=(?P<value>.*?)<\/script>',
-                webpage, 'data', default='{}', group='value'),
-            video_id, transform_source=lowercase_escape, fatal=False)
-        if not data:
-            raise ExtractorError('Unable to find configuration for stream.')
-
-        if traverse_obj(data, ('viewCam', 'show'), expected_type=dict):
-            raise ExtractorError('Model is in private show', expected=True)
-        elif not traverse_obj(data, ('viewCam', 'model', 'isLive'), expected_type=bool):
+        if traverse_obj(data, ('viewCam', 'show', {dict})):
+            raise ExtractorError('Model is in a private show', expected=True)
+        if not traverse_obj(data, ('viewCam', 'model', 'isLive', {bool})):
             raise UserNotLive(video_id=video_id)
 
-        model_id = traverse_obj(data, ('viewCam', 'model', 'id'), expected_type=int)
+        model_id = data['viewCam']['model']['id']
 
         formats = []
-        for host in traverse_obj(data, ('config', 'data', (
+        # HLS hosts are currently found in .configV3.static.features.hlsFallback.fallbackDomains[]
+        # The rest of the path is for backwards compatibility and to guard against A/B testing
+        for host in traverse_obj(data, ((('config', 'data'), ('configV3', 'static')), (
                 (('features', 'featuresV2'), 'hlsFallback', 'fallbackDomains', ...), 'hlsStreamHost'))):
             formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
                 f'https://edge-hls.{host}/hls/{model_id}/master/{model_id}_auto.m3u8',
@@ -53,7 +50,7 @@ class StripchatIE(InfoExtractor):
             if formats:
                 break
         if not formats:
-            self.raise_no_formats('No active streams found', expected=True)
+            self.raise_no_formats('Unable to extract stream host', video_id=video_id)
 
         return {
             'id': video_id,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/substack.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/substack.py
index 30cb322dc..b70d40f2c 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/substack.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/substack.py
@@ -2,7 +2,13 @@ import re
 import urllib.parse
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import js_to_json, str_or_none, traverse_obj
+from ..networking import HEADRequest
+from ..utils import (
+    determine_ext,
+    js_to_json,
+    str_or_none,
+)
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
 
 
 class SubstackIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -43,6 +49,19 @@ class SubstackIE(InfoExtractor):
             'uploader': "Andrew Zimmern's Spilled Milk ",
             'uploader_id': '577659',
         },
+    }, {
+        # Podcast that needs its file extension resolved to mp3
+        'url': 'https://persuasion1.substack.com/p/summers',
+        'md5': '1456a755d46084744facdfac9edf900f',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '141970405',
+            'ext': 'mp3',
+            'title': 'Larry Summers on What Went Wrong on Campus',
+            'description': 'Yascha Mounk and Larry Summers also discuss the promise and perils of artificial intelligence.',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://substackcdn\.com/image/.+\.jpeg',
+            'uploader': 'Persuasion',
+            'uploader_id': '61579',
+        },
     }]
 
     @classmethod
@@ -89,7 +108,15 @@ class SubstackIE(InfoExtractor):
         post_type = webpage_info['post']['type']
         formats, subtitles = [], {}
         if post_type == 'podcast':
-            formats, subtitles = [{'url': webpage_info['post']['podcast_url']}], {}
+            fmt = {'url': webpage_info['post']['podcast_url']}
+            if not determine_ext(fmt['url'], default_ext=None):
+                # The redirected format URL expires but the original URL doesn't,
+                # so we only want to extract the extension from this request
+                fmt['ext'] = determine_ext(self._request_webpage(
+                    HEADRequest(fmt['url']), display_id,
+                    'Resolving podcast file extension',
+                    'Podcast URL is invalid').url)
+            formats.append(fmt)
         elif post_type == 'video':
             formats, subtitles = self._extract_video_formats(webpage_info['post']['videoUpload']['id'], canonical_url)
         else:
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/svt.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/svt.py
index 38782abac..b5df2e1a1 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/svt.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/svt.py
@@ -472,7 +472,7 @@ class SVTPageIE(SVTBaseIE):
         title = self._og_search_title(webpage)
 
         urql_state = self._search_json(
-            r'window\.svt\.nyh\.urqlState\s*=', webpage, 'json data', display_id)
+            r'window\.svt\.(?:nyh\.)?urqlState\s*=', webpage, 'json data', display_id)
 
         data = traverse_obj(urql_state, (..., 'data', {str}, {json.loads}), get_all=False) or {}
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/tbsjp.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/tbsjp.py
index 32f9cfbde..0d521f106 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tbsjp.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tbsjp.py
@@ -3,14 +3,12 @@ from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     clean_html,
-    get_element_text_and_html_by_tag,
     int_or_none,
     str_or_none,
-    traverse_obj,
-    try_call,
     unified_timestamp,
     urljoin,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import find_element, traverse_obj
 
 
 class TBSJPEpisodeIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -64,7 +62,7 @@ class TBSJPEpisodeIE(InfoExtractor):
             self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
 
         return {
-            'title': try_call(lambda: clean_html(get_element_text_and_html_by_tag('h3', webpage)[0])),
+            'title': traverse_obj(webpage, ({find_element(tag='h3')}, {clean_html})),
             'id': video_id,
             **traverse_obj(episode, {
                 'categories': ('keywords', {list}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/teamcoco.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/teamcoco.py
index 3fb899cac..a94ff9b33 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/teamcoco.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/teamcoco.py
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ class TeamcocoIE(TeamcocoBaseIE):
             'blocks', lambda _, v: v['name'] in ('meta-tags', 'video-player', 'video-info'), 'props', {dict})))
 
         thumbnail = traverse_obj(
-            info, (('image', 'poster'), {lambda x: urljoin('https://teamcoco.com/', x)}), get_all=False)
+            info, (('image', 'poster'), {urljoin('https://teamcoco.com/')}), get_all=False)
         video_id = traverse_obj(parse_qs(thumbnail), ('id', 0)) or display_id
 
         formats, subtitles = self._get_formats_and_subtitles(info, video_id)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/tele13.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/tele13.py
index c5ca208fb..0d721773e 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tele13.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tele13.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ from ..utils import (
 
 
 class Tele13IE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'^https?://(?:www\.)?t13\.cl/videos(?:/[^/]+)+/(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?t13\.cl/videos(?:/[^/]+)+/(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
     _TESTS = [
         {
             'url': 'http://www.t13.cl/videos/actualidad/el-circulo-de-hierro-de-michelle-bachelet-en-su-regreso-a-la-moneda',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/telecinco.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/telecinco.py
index 7a9dcd71c..9ef621446 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/telecinco.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/telecinco.py
@@ -2,15 +2,69 @@ import json
 import re
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
     clean_html,
     int_or_none,
+    join_nonempty,
     str_or_none,
-    try_get,
+    traverse_obj,
+    update_url,
+    url_or_none,
 )
 
 
-class TelecincoIE(InfoExtractor):
+class TelecincoBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
+    def _parse_content(self, content, url):
+        video_id = content['dataMediaId']
+        config = self._download_json(
+            content['dataConfig'], video_id, 'Downloading config JSON')
+        services = config['services']
+        caronte = self._download_json(services['caronte'], video_id)
+        if traverse_obj(caronte, ('dls', 0, 'drm', {bool})):
+            self.report_drm(video_id)
+
+        stream = caronte['dls'][0]['stream']
+        headers = {
+            'Referer': url,
+            'Origin': re.match(r'https?://[^/]+', url).group(0),
+        }
+        geo_headers = {**headers, **self.geo_verification_headers()}
+
+        try:
+            cdn = self._download_json(
+                caronte['cerbero'], video_id, data=json.dumps({
+                    'bbx': caronte['bbx'],
+                    'gbx': self._download_json(services['gbx'], video_id)['gbx'],
+                }).encode(), headers={
+                    'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+                    **geo_headers,
+                })['tokens']['1']['cdn']
+        except ExtractorError as error:
+            if isinstance(error.cause, HTTPError) and error.cause.status == 403:
+                error_code = traverse_obj(
+                    self._webpage_read_content(error.cause.response, caronte['cerbero'], video_id, fatal=False),
+                    ({json.loads}, 'code', {int}))
+                if error_code == 4038:
+                    self.raise_geo_restricted(countries=['ES'])
+            raise
+
+        formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
+            update_url(stream, query=cdn), video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', headers=geo_headers)
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'title': traverse_obj(config, ('info', 'title', {str})),
+            'formats': formats,
+            'thumbnail': (traverse_obj(content, ('dataPoster', {url_or_none}))
+                          or traverse_obj(config, 'poster', 'imageUrl', expected_type=url_or_none)),
+            'duration': traverse_obj(content, ('dataDuration', {int_or_none})),
+            'http_headers': headers,
+        }
+
+
+class TelecincoIE(TelecincoBaseIE):
     IE_DESC = 'telecinco.es, cuatro.com and mediaset.es'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?(?:telecinco\.es|cuatro\.com|mediaset\.es)/(?:[^/]+/)+(?P<id>.+?)\.html'
 
@@ -30,6 +84,7 @@ class TelecincoIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'duration': 662,
             },
         }],
+        'skip': 'HTTP Error 410 Gone',
     }, {
         'url': 'http://www.cuatro.com/deportes/futbol/barcelona/Leo_Messi-Champions-Roma_2_2052780128.html',
         'md5': 'c86fe0d99e3bdb46b7950d38bf6ef12a',
@@ -40,23 +95,24 @@ class TelecincoIE(InfoExtractor):
             'description': 'md5:a62ecb5f1934fc787107d7b9a2262805',
             'duration': 79,
         },
+        'skip': 'Redirects to main page',
     }, {
         'url': 'http://www.mediaset.es/12meses/campanas/doylacara/conlatratanohaytrato/Ayudame-dar-cara-trata-trato_2_1986630220.html',
-        'md5': 'eddb50291df704ce23c74821b995bcac',
+        'md5': '5ce057f43f30b634fbaf0f18c71a140a',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'aywerkD2Sv1vGNqq9b85Q2',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': '#DOYLACARA. Con la trata no hay trato',
-            'description': 'md5:2771356ff7bfad9179c5f5cd954f1477',
             'duration': 50,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://album.mediaset.es/eimg/2017/11/02/1tlQLO5Q3mtKT24f3EaC24.jpg',
         },
     }, {
         # video in opening's content
         'url': 'https://www.telecinco.es/vivalavida/fiorella-sobrina-edmundo-arrocet-entrevista_18_2907195140.html',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '2907195140',
+            'id': '1691427',
             'title': 'La surrealista entrevista a la sobrina de Edmundo Arrocet: "No puedes venir aquí y tomarnos por tontos"',
-            'description': 'md5:73f340a7320143d37ab895375b2bf13a',
+            'description': r're:Fiorella, la sobrina de Edmundo Arrocet, concedió .{727}',
         },
         'playlist': [{
             'md5': 'adb28c37238b675dad0f042292f209a7',
@@ -65,6 +121,7 @@ class TelecincoIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'ext': 'mp4',
                 'title': 'La surrealista entrevista a la sobrina de Edmundo Arrocet: "No puedes venir aquí y tomarnos por tontos"',
                 'duration': 1015,
+                'thumbnail': 'https://album.mediaset.es/eimg/2020/02/29/5opaC37lUhKlZ7FoDhiVC.jpg',
             },
         }],
         'params': {
@@ -81,66 +138,29 @@ class TelecincoIE(InfoExtractor):
         'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
-    def _parse_content(self, content, url):
-        video_id = content['dataMediaId']
-        config = self._download_json(
-            content['dataConfig'], video_id, 'Downloading config JSON')
-        title = config['info']['title']
-        services = config['services']
-        caronte = self._download_json(services['caronte'], video_id)
-        stream = caronte['dls'][0]['stream']
-        headers = self.geo_verification_headers()
-        headers.update({
-            'Content-Type': 'application/json;charset=UTF-8',
-            'Origin': re.match(r'https?://[^/]+', url).group(0),
-        })
-        cdn = self._download_json(
-            caronte['cerbero'], video_id, data=json.dumps({
-                'bbx': caronte['bbx'],
-                'gbx': self._download_json(services['gbx'], video_id)['gbx'],
-            }).encode(), headers=headers)['tokens']['1']['cdn']
-        formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-            stream + '?' + cdn, video_id, 'mp4', 'm3u8_native', m3u8_id='hls')
-
-        return {
-            'id': video_id,
-            'title': title,
-            'formats': formats,
-            'thumbnail': content.get('dataPoster') or config.get('poster', {}).get('imageUrl'),
-            'duration': int_or_none(content.get('dataDuration')),
-        }
-
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         display_id = self._match_id(url)
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
-        article = self._parse_json(self._search_regex(
-            r'window\.\$REACTBASE_STATE\.article(?:_multisite)?\s*=\s*({.+})',
-            webpage, 'article'), display_id)['article']
-        title = article.get('title')
-        description = clean_html(article.get('leadParagraph')) or ''
+        article = self._search_json(
+            r'window\.\$REACTBASE_STATE\.article(?:_multisite)?\s*=',
+            webpage, 'article', display_id)['article']
+        description = traverse_obj(article, ('leadParagraph', {clean_html}, filter))
+
         if article.get('editorialType') != 'VID':
             entries = []
-            body = [article.get('opening')]
-            body.extend(try_get(article, lambda x: x['body'], list) or [])
-            for p in body:
-                if not isinstance(p, dict):
-                    continue
-                content = p.get('content')
-                if not content:
-                    continue
+
+            for p in traverse_obj(article, ((('opening', all), 'body'), lambda _, v: v['content'])):
+                content = p['content']
                 type_ = p.get('type')
-                if type_ == 'paragraph':
-                    content_str = str_or_none(content)
-                    if content_str:
-                        description += content_str
-                    continue
-                if type_ == 'video' and isinstance(content, dict):
+                if type_ == 'paragraph' and isinstance(content, str):
+                    description = join_nonempty(description, content, delim='')
+                elif type_ == 'video' and isinstance(content, dict):
                     entries.append(self._parse_content(content, url))
+
             return self.playlist_result(
-                entries, str_or_none(article.get('id')), title, description)
-        content = article['opening']['content']
-        info = self._parse_content(content, url)
-        info.update({
-            'description': description,
-        })
+                entries, str_or_none(article.get('id')),
+                traverse_obj(article, ('title', {str})), clean_html(description))
+
+        info = self._parse_content(article['opening']['content'], url)
+        info['description'] = description
         return info
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/telewebion.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/telewebion.py
index b65116024..02a6ea85b 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/telewebion.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/telewebion.py
@@ -10,10 +10,11 @@ from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
 
 
 def _fmt_url(url):
-    return functools.partial(format_field, template=url, default=None)
+    return format_field(template=url, default=None)
 
 
 class TelewebionIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _WORKING = False
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?telewebion\.com/episode/(?P<id>(?:0x[a-fA-F\d]+|\d+))'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'http://www.telewebion.com/episode/0x1b3139c/',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/tencent.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/tencent.py
index fc2b07ac2..b281ad1a9 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tencent.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tencent.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import functools
 import random
 import re
 import string
@@ -278,7 +277,7 @@ class VQQSeriesIE(VQQBaseIE):
             webpage)]
 
         return self.playlist_from_matches(
-            episode_paths, series_id, ie=VQQVideoIE, getter=functools.partial(urljoin, url),
+            episode_paths, series_id, ie=VQQVideoIE, getter=urljoin(url),
             title=self._get_clean_title(traverse_obj(webpage_metadata, ('coverInfo', 'title'))
                                         or self._og_search_title(webpage)),
             description=(traverse_obj(webpage_metadata, ('coverInfo', 'description'))
@@ -328,7 +327,7 @@ class WeTvBaseIE(TencentBaseIE):
                          or re.findall(r'<a[^>]+class="play-video__link"[^>]+href="(?P<path>[^"]+)', webpage))
 
         return self.playlist_from_matches(
-            episode_paths, series_id, ie=ie, getter=functools.partial(urljoin, url),
+            episode_paths, series_id, ie=ie, getter=urljoin(url),
             title=self._get_clean_title(traverse_obj(webpage_metadata, ('coverInfo', 'title'))
                                         or self._og_search_title(webpage)),
             description=(traverse_obj(webpage_metadata, ('coverInfo', 'description'))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/tenplay.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/tenplay.py
index d8c556ace..cc7bc3b2f 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tenplay.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tenplay.py
@@ -1,33 +1,30 @@
-import base64
-import datetime as dt
-import functools
 import itertools
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..networking import HEADRequest
-from ..utils import int_or_none, traverse_obj, urlencode_postdata, urljoin
+from ..utils import int_or_none, traverse_obj, url_or_none, urljoin
 
 
 class TenPlayIE(InfoExtractor):
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?10play\.com\.au/(?:[^/]+/)+(?P<id>tpv\d{6}[a-z]{5})'
     _NETRC_MACHINE = '10play'
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://10play.com.au/neighbours/web-extras/season-39/nathan-borg-is-the-first-aussie-actor-with-a-cochlear-implant-to-join-neighbours/tpv210128qupwd',
+        'url': 'https://10play.com.au/neighbours/web-extras/season-41/heres-a-first-look-at-mischa-bartons-neighbours-debut/tpv230911hyxnz',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '6226844312001',
+            'id': '6336940246112',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Nathan Borg Is The First Aussie Actor With A Cochlear Implant To Join Neighbours',
-            'alt_title': 'Nathan Borg Is The First Aussie Actor With A Cochlear Implant To Join Neighbours',
-            'description': 'md5:a02d0199c901c2dd4c796f1e7dd0de43',
-            'duration': 186,
-            'season': 'Season 39',
-            'season_number': 39,
+            'title': 'Here\'s A First Look At Mischa Barton\'s Neighbours Debut',
+            'alt_title': 'Here\'s A First Look At Mischa Barton\'s Neighbours Debut',
+            'description': 'Neighbours Premieres Monday, September 18 At 4:30pm On 10 And 10 Play And 6:30pm On 10 Peach',
+            'duration': 74,
+            'season': 'Season 41',
+            'season_number': 41,
             'series': 'Neighbours',
             'thumbnail': r're:https://.*\.jpg',
             'uploader': 'Channel 10',
             'age_limit': 15,
-            'timestamp': 1611810000,
-            'upload_date': '20210128',
+            'timestamp': 1694386800,
+            'upload_date': '20230910',
             'uploader_id': '2199827728001',
         },
         'params': {
@@ -35,21 +32,30 @@ class TenPlayIE(InfoExtractor):
         },
         'skip': 'Only available in Australia',
     }, {
-        'url': 'https://10play.com.au/todd-sampsons-body-hack/episodes/season-4/episode-7/tpv200921kvngh',
+        'url': 'https://10play.com.au/neighbours/episodes/season-42/episode-9107/tpv240902nzqyp',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '6192880312001',
+            'id': '9000000000091177',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': "Todd Sampson's Body Hack - S4 Ep. 2",
-            'description': 'md5:fa278820ad90f08ea187f9458316ac74',
+            'title': 'Neighbours - S42 Ep. 9107',
+            'alt_title': 'Thu 05 Sep',
+            'description': 'md5:37a1f4271be34b9ee2b533426a5fbaef',
+            'duration': 1388,
+            'episode': 'Episode 9107',
+            'episode_number': 9107,
+            'season': 'Season 42',
+            'season_number': 42,
+            'series': 'Neighbours',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://.*\.jpg',
             'age_limit': 15,
-            'timestamp': 1600770600,
-            'upload_date': '20200922',
+            'timestamp': 1725517860,
+            'upload_date': '20240905',
             'uploader': 'Channel 10',
             'uploader_id': '2199827728001',
         },
         'params': {
             'skip_download': True,
         },
+        'skip': 'Only available in Australia',
     }, {
         'url': 'https://10play.com.au/how-to-stay-married/web-extras/season-1/terrys-talks-ep-1-embracing-change/tpv190915ylupc',
         'only_matching': True,
@@ -66,55 +72,42 @@ class TenPlayIE(InfoExtractor):
         'X': 18,
     }
 
-    def _get_bearer_token(self, video_id):
-        username, password = self._get_login_info()
-        if username is None or password is None:
-            self.raise_login_required('Your 10play account\'s details must be provided with --username and --password.')
-        _timestamp = dt.datetime.now().strftime('%Y%m%d000000')
-        _auth_header = base64.b64encode(_timestamp.encode('ascii')).decode('ascii')
-        data = self._download_json('https://10play.com.au/api/user/auth', video_id, 'Getting bearer token', headers={
-            'X-Network-Ten-Auth': _auth_header,
-        }, data=urlencode_postdata({
-            'email': username,
-            'password': password,
-        }))
-        return 'Bearer ' + data['jwt']['accessToken']
-
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         content_id = self._match_id(url)
         data = self._download_json(
             'https://10play.com.au/api/v1/videos/' + content_id, content_id)
-        headers = {}
 
-        if data.get('memberGated') is True:
-            _token = self._get_bearer_token(content_id)
-            headers = {'Authorization': _token}
-
-        _video_url = self._download_json(
-            data.get('playbackApiEndpoint'), content_id, 'Downloading video JSON',
-            headers=headers).get('source')
-        m3u8_url = self._request_webpage(HEADRequest(
-            _video_url), content_id).url
+        video_data = self._download_json(
+            f'https://vod.ten.com.au/api/videos/bcquery?command=find_videos_by_id&video_id={data["altId"]}',
+            content_id, 'Downloading video JSON')
+        m3u8_url = self._request_webpage(
+            HEADRequest(video_data['items'][0]['HLSURL']),
+            content_id, 'Checking stream URL').url
         if '10play-not-in-oz' in m3u8_url:
             self.raise_geo_restricted(countries=['AU'])
+        # Attempt to get a higher quality stream
+        m3u8_url = m3u8_url.replace(',150,75,55,0000', ',300,150,75,55,0000')
         formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(m3u8_url, content_id, 'mp4')
 
         return {
+            'id': content_id,
             'formats': formats,
-            'subtitles': {'en': [{'url': data.get('captionUrl')}]} if data.get('captionUrl') else None,
-            'id': data.get('altId') or content_id,
-            'duration': data.get('duration'),
-            'title': data.get('subtitle'),
-            'alt_title': data.get('title'),
-            'description': data.get('description'),
-            'age_limit': self._AUS_AGES.get(data.get('classification')),
-            'series': data.get('tvShow'),
-            'season_number': int_or_none(data.get('season')),
-            'episode_number': int_or_none(data.get('episode')),
-            'timestamp': data.get('published'),
-            'thumbnail': data.get('imageUrl'),
+            'subtitles': {'en': [{'url': data['captionUrl']}]} if url_or_none(data.get('captionUrl')) else None,
             'uploader': 'Channel 10',
             'uploader_id': '2199827728001',
+            **traverse_obj(data, {
+                'id': ('altId', {str}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none}),
+                'title': ('subtitle', {str}),
+                'alt_title': ('title', {str}),
+                'description': ('description', {str}),
+                'age_limit': ('classification', {self._AUS_AGES.get}),
+                'series': ('tvShow', {str}),
+                'season_number': ('season', {int_or_none}),
+                'episode_number': ('episode', {int_or_none}),
+                'timestamp': ('published', {int_or_none}),
+                'thumbnail': ('imageUrl', {url_or_none}),
+            }),
         }
 
 
@@ -167,4 +160,4 @@ class TenPlaySeasonIE(InfoExtractor):
         return self.playlist_from_matches(
             self._entries(urljoin(url, episodes_carousel['loadMoreUrl']), playlist_id),
             playlist_id, traverse_obj(season_info, ('content', 0, 'title', {str})),
-            getter=functools.partial(urljoin, url))
+            getter=urljoin(url))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/theguardian.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/theguardian.py
index a9e499064..7e8f9fef2 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/theguardian.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/theguardian.py
@@ -131,4 +131,4 @@ class TheGuardianPodcastPlaylistIE(InfoExtractor):
 
         return self.playlist_from_matches(
             self._entries(url, podcast_id), podcast_id, title, description=description,
-            ie=TheGuardianPodcastIE, getter=lambda x: urljoin('https://www.theguardian.com', x))
+            ie=TheGuardianPodcastIE, getter=urljoin('https://www.theguardian.com'))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/tiktok.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/tiktok.py
index 9d823a315..9e53b3407 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tiktok.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tiktok.py
@@ -413,15 +413,6 @@ class TikTokBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
             for f in formats:
                 self._set_cookie(urllib.parse.urlparse(f['url']).hostname, 'sid_tt', auth_cookie.value)
 
-        thumbnails = []
-        for cover_id in ('cover', 'ai_dynamic_cover', 'animated_cover', 'ai_dynamic_cover_bak',
-                         'origin_cover', 'dynamic_cover'):
-            for cover_url in traverse_obj(video_info, (cover_id, 'url_list', ...)):
-                thumbnails.append({
-                    'id': cover_id,
-                    'url': cover_url,
-                })
-
         stats_info = aweme_detail.get('statistics') or {}
         music_info = aweme_detail.get('music') or {}
         labels = traverse_obj(aweme_detail, ('hybrid_label', ..., 'text'), expected_type=str)
@@ -467,9 +458,19 @@ class TikTokBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
             'formats': formats,
             'subtitles': self.extract_subtitles(
                 aweme_detail, aweme_id, traverse_obj(author_info, 'uploader', 'uploader_id', 'channel_id')),
-            'thumbnails': thumbnails,
+            'thumbnails': [
+                {
+                    'id': cover_id,
+                    'url': cover_url,
+                    'preference': -1 if cover_id in ('cover', 'origin_cover') else -2,
+                }
+                for cover_id in (
+                    'cover', 'ai_dynamic_cover', 'animated_cover',
+                    'ai_dynamic_cover_bak', 'origin_cover', 'dynamic_cover')
+                for cover_url in traverse_obj(video_info, (cover_id, 'url_list', ...))
+            ],
             'duration': (traverse_obj(video_info, (
-                (None, 'download_addr'), 'duration', {functools.partial(int_or_none, scale=1000)}, any))
+                (None, 'download_addr'), 'duration', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}, any))
                 or traverse_obj(music_info, ('duration', {int_or_none}))),
             'availability': self._availability(
                 is_private='Private' in labels,
@@ -542,16 +543,12 @@ class TikTokBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
                 **COMMON_FORMAT_INFO,
                 'format_id': 'download',
                 'url': self._proto_relative_url(download_url),
+                'format_note': 'watermarked',
+                'preference': -2,
             })
 
         self._remove_duplicate_formats(formats)
 
-        for f in traverse_obj(formats, lambda _, v: 'unwatermarked' not in v['url']):
-            f.update({
-                'format_note': join_nonempty(f.get('format_note'), 'watermarked', delim=', '),
-                'preference': f.get('preference') or -2,
-            })
-
         # Is it a slideshow with only audio for download?
         if not formats and traverse_obj(aweme_detail, ('music', 'playUrl', {url_or_none})):
             audio_url = aweme_detail['music']['playUrl']
@@ -565,7 +562,8 @@ class TikTokBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'vcodec': 'none',
             })
 
-        return formats
+        # Filter out broken formats, see https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11034
+        return [f for f in formats if urllib.parse.urlparse(f['url']).hostname != 'www.tiktok.com']
 
     def _parse_aweme_video_web(self, aweme_detail, webpage_url, video_id, extract_flat=False):
         author_info = traverse_obj(aweme_detail, (('authorInfo', 'author', None), {
@@ -586,7 +584,7 @@ class TikTokBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
                 author_info, ['uploader', 'uploader_id'], self._UPLOADER_URL_FORMAT, default=None),
             **traverse_obj(aweme_detail, ('music', {
                 'track': ('title', {str}),
-                'album': ('album', {str}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'album': ('album', {str}, filter),
                 'artists': ('authorName', {str}, {lambda x: re.split(r'(?:, | & )', x) if x else None}),
                 'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none}),
             })),
@@ -594,7 +592,7 @@ class TikTokBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'title': ('desc', {str}),
                 'description': ('desc', {str}),
                 # audio-only slideshows have a video duration of 0 and an actual audio duration
-                'duration': ('video', 'duration', {int_or_none}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'duration': ('video', 'duration', {int_or_none}, filter),
                 'timestamp': ('createTime', {int_or_none}),
             }),
             **traverse_obj(aweme_detail, ('stats', {
@@ -603,11 +601,15 @@ class TikTokBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'repost_count': 'shareCount',
                 'comment_count': 'commentCount',
             }), expected_type=int_or_none),
-            'thumbnails': traverse_obj(aweme_detail, (
-                (None, 'video'), ('thumbnail', 'cover', 'dynamicCover', 'originCover'), {
-                    'url': ({url_or_none}, {self._proto_relative_url}),
-                },
-            )),
+            'thumbnails': [
+                {
+                    'id': cover_id,
+                    'url': self._proto_relative_url(cover_url),
+                    'preference': -2 if cover_id == 'dynamicCover' else -1,
+                }
+                for cover_id in ('thumbnail', 'cover', 'dynamicCover', 'originCover')
+                for cover_url in traverse_obj(aweme_detail, ((None, 'video'), cover_id, {url_or_none}))
+            ],
         }
 
 
@@ -1496,7 +1498,7 @@ class TikTokLiveIE(TikTokBaseIE):
 
             sdk_params = traverse_obj(stream, ('main', 'sdk_params', {parse_inner}, {
                 'vcodec': ('VCodec', {str}),
-                'tbr': ('vbitrate', {lambda x: int_or_none(x, 1000)}),
+                'tbr': ('vbitrate', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'resolution': ('resolution', {lambda x: re.match(r'(?i)\d+x\d+|\d+p', x).group().lower()}),
             }))
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/tubetugraz.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/tubetugraz.py
index d5dbf007b..805e2686f 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tubetugraz.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tubetugraz.py
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ class TubeTuGrazSeriesIE(TubeTuGrazBaseIE):
                 },
             },
         ],
-        'min_playlist_count': 4,
+        'playlist_mincount': 4,
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/tubitv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/tubitv.py
index 85eb3a211..694a92fcd 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tubitv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tubitv.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     int_or_none,
     js_to_json,
+    strip_or_none,
     traverse_obj,
     url_or_none,
     urlencode_postdata,
@@ -132,12 +133,12 @@ class TubiTvIE(InfoExtractor):
 
         return {
             'id': video_id,
-            'title': title,
+            'title': strip_or_none(title),
             'formats': formats,
             'subtitles': subtitles,
             'season_number': int_or_none(season_number),
             'episode_number': int_or_none(episode_number),
-            'episode': episode_title,
+            'episode': strip_or_none(episode_title),
             **traverse_obj(video_data, {
                 'description': ('description', {str}),
                 'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/tumblr.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/tumblr.py
index 7f851bf63..d6d436883 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tumblr.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tumblr.py
@@ -3,12 +3,13 @@ from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     int_or_none,
     traverse_obj,
+    url_or_none,
     urlencode_postdata,
 )
 
 
 class TumblrIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?P<blog_name>[^/?#&]+)\.tumblr\.com/(?:post|video)/(?P<id>[0-9]+)(?:$|[/?#])'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?P<blog_name_1>[^/?#&]+)\.tumblr\.com/(?:post|video|(?P<blog_name_2>[a-zA-Z\d-]+))/(?P<id>[0-9]+)(?:$|[/?#])'
     _NETRC_MACHINE = 'tumblr'
     _LOGIN_URL = 'https://www.tumblr.com/login'
     _OAUTH_URL = 'https://www.tumblr.com/api/v2/oauth2/token'
@@ -66,6 +67,7 @@ class TumblrIE(InfoExtractor):
             'age_limit': 0,
             'tags': [],
         },
+        'skip': '404',
     }, {
         'note': 'dashboard only (original post)',
         'url': 'https://jujanon.tumblr.com/post/159704441298/my-baby-eating',
@@ -98,7 +100,6 @@ class TumblrIE(InfoExtractor):
             'like_count': int,
             'repost_count': int,
             'age_limit': 0,
-            'tags': [],
         },
     }, {
         'note': 'dashboard only (external)',
@@ -109,14 +110,13 @@ class TumblrIE(InfoExtractor):
             'title': 'The Blues Remembers Everything the Country Forgot',
             'alt_title': 'The Blues Remembers Everything the Country Forgot',
             'description': 'md5:1a6b4097e451216835a24c1023707c79',
-            'release_date': '20201224',
             'creator': 'md5:c2239ba15430e87c3b971ba450773272',
             'uploader': 'Moor Mother - Topic',
             'upload_date': '20201223',
             'uploader_id': 'UCxrMtFBRkFvQJ_vVM4il08w',
             'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/channel/UCxrMtFBRkFvQJ_vVM4il08w',
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://i.ytimg.com/.*',
-            'channel': 'Moor Mother - Topic',
+            'channel': 'Moor Mother',
             'channel_id': 'UCxrMtFBRkFvQJ_vVM4il08w',
             'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCxrMtFBRkFvQJ_vVM4il08w',
             'channel_follower_count': int,
@@ -135,24 +135,10 @@ class TumblrIE(InfoExtractor):
             'release_year': 2020,
         },
         'add_ie': ['Youtube'],
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://naked-yogi.tumblr.com/post/118312946248/naked-smoking-stretching',
-        'md5': 'de07e5211d60d4f3a2c3df757ea9f6ab',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'Wmur',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'naked smoking & stretching',
-            'upload_date': '20150506',
-            'timestamp': 1430931613,
-            'age_limit': 18,
-            'uploader_id': '1638622',
-            'uploader': 'naked-yogi',
-        },
-        # 'add_ie': ['Vidme'],
-        'skip': 'dead embedded video host',
+        'skip': 'Video Unavailable',
     }, {
         'url': 'https://prozdvoices.tumblr.com/post/673201091169681408/what-recording-voice-acting-sounds-like',
-        'md5': 'a0063fc8110e6c9afe44065b4ea68177',
+        'md5': 'cb8328a6723c30556cef59e370202918',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'eomhW5MLGWA',
             'ext': 'mp4',
@@ -160,8 +146,8 @@ class TumblrIE(InfoExtractor):
             'description': 'md5:1da3faa22d0e0b1d8b50216c284ee798',
             'uploader': 'ProZD',
             'upload_date': '20220112',
-            'uploader_id': 'ProZD',
-            'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/user/ProZD',
+            'uploader_id': '@ProZD',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@ProZD',
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://i.ytimg.com/.*',
             'channel': 'ProZD',
             'channel_id': 'UC6MFZAOHXlKK1FI7V0XQVeA',
@@ -176,6 +162,10 @@ class TumblrIE(InfoExtractor):
             'live_status': 'not_live',
             'playable_in_embed': True,
             'availability': 'public',
+            'heatmap': 'count:100',
+            'channel_is_verified': True,
+            'timestamp': 1642014562,
+            'comment_count': int,
         },
         'add_ie': ['Youtube'],
     }, {
@@ -183,16 +173,20 @@ class TumblrIE(InfoExtractor):
         'md5': '203e9eb8077e3f45bfaeb4c86c1467b8',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '87816359',
-            'ext': 'mov',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'Harold Ramis',
-            'description': 'md5:be8e68cbf56ce0785c77f0c6c6dfaf2c',
+            'description': 'md5:c99882405fcca0b1d348ad093f8f1672',
             'uploader': 'Resolution Productions Group',
             'uploader_id': 'resolutionproductions',
             'uploader_url': 'https://vimeo.com/resolutionproductions',
             'upload_date': '20140227',
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://i.vimeocdn.com/video/.*',
-            'timestamp': 1393523719,
+            'timestamp': 1393541719,
             'duration': 291,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'release_timestamp': 1393541719,
+            'release_date': '20140227',
         },
         'add_ie': ['Vimeo'],
     }, {
@@ -214,6 +208,7 @@ class TumblrIE(InfoExtractor):
             'view_count': int,
         },
         'add_ie': ['Vine'],
+        'skip': 'Vine is unavailable',
     }, {
         'url': 'https://silami.tumblr.com/post/84250043974/my-bad-river-flows-in-you-impression-on-maschine',
         'md5': '3c92d7c3d867f14ccbeefa2119022277',
@@ -232,6 +227,140 @@ class TumblrIE(InfoExtractor):
             'upload_date': '20140429',
         },
         'add_ie': ['Instagram'],
+    }, {
+        'note': 'new url scheme',
+        'url': 'https://www.tumblr.com/autumnsister/765162750456578048?source=share',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '765162750456578048',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://autumnsister.tumblr.com/',
+            'tags': ['autumn', 'food', 'curators on tumblr'],
+            'like_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://64.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_sklad89N3x1ygquow_frame1.jpg',
+            'title': '🪹',
+            'uploader_id': 'autumnsister',
+            'repost_count': int,
+            'age_limit': 0,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'note': 'bandcamp album embed',
+        'url': 'https://patricia-taxxon.tumblr.com/post/704473755725004800/patricia-taxxon-agnes-hilda-patricia-taxxon',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'agnes-hilda',
+            'title': 'Agnes & Hilda',
+            'description': 'The inexplicable joy of an artist. Wash paws after listening.',
+            'uploader_id': 'patriciataxxon',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 8,
+    }, {
+        'note': 'bandcamp track embeds (many)',
+        'url': 'https://www.tumblr.com/felixcosm/730460905855467520/if-youre-looking-for-new-music-to-write-or',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '730460905855467520',
+            'uploader_id': 'felixcosm',
+            'repost_count': int,
+            'tags': 'count:15',
+            'description': 'md5:2eb3482a3c6987280cbefb6839068f32',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'title': 'If you\'re looking for new music to write or imagine scenerios to: STOP. This is for you.',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://felixcosm.tumblr.com/',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 10,
+    }, {
+        'note': 'soundcloud track embed',
+        'url': 'https://silverfoxstole.tumblr.com/post/765305403763556352/jamie-robertson-doctor-who-8th-doctor',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1218136399',
+            'ext': 'opus',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'genres': [],
+            'repost_count': int,
+            'uploader': 'Jamie Robertson',
+            'title': 'Doctor Who - 8th doctor -   Stranded Theme never released and used.',
+            'duration': 46.106,
+            'uploader_id': '2731064',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://i1.sndcdn.com/artworks-MVgcPm5jN42isC5M-6Dz22w-original.jpg',
+            'timestamp': 1645181261,
+            'uploader_url': 'https://soundcloud.com/jamierobertson',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'upload_date': '20220218',
+            'description': 'md5:ab924dd9994d0a7d64d6d31bf2af4625',
+            'license': 'all-rights-reserved',
+            'like_count': int,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'note': 'soundcloud set embed',
+        'url': 'https://www.tumblr.com/beyourselfchulanmaria/703505323122638848/chu-lan-maria-the-playlist-%E5%BF%83%E7%9A%84%E5%91%BC%E5%96%9A-call-of-the',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '691222680',
+            'title': '心的呼喚 Call of the heart I',
+            'description': 'md5:25952a8d178a3aa55e40fcbb646a38c3',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 19,
+    }, {
+        'note': 'dailymotion video embed',
+        'url': 'https://www.tumblr.com/funvibecentral/759390024460632064',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'x94cnnk',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'description': 'Funny dailymotion shorts.\n#funny #fun#comedy #romantic #exciting',
+            'uploader': 'FunVibe Central',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'timestamp': 1724210553,
+            'title': 'Woman watching other Woman',
+            'tags': [],
+            'upload_date': '20240821',
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'uploader_id': 'x32m6ye',
+            'duration': 20,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://(?:s[12]\.)dmcdn\.net/v/Wtqh01cnxKNXLG1N8/x1080',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'note': 'tiktok video embed',
+        'url': 'https://fansofcolor.tumblr.com/post/660637918605475840/blockquote-class-tiktok-embed',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '7000937272010935558',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'artists': ['Alicia Dreaming'],
+            'like_count': int,
+            'repost_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://[\w\/\.\-]+(~[\w\-]+\.image)?',
+            'channel_id': 'MS4wLjABAAAAsJohwz_dU4KfAOc61cbGDAZ46-5hg2ANTXVQlRe1ipDhpX08PywR3PPiple1NTAo',
+            'uploader': 'aliciadreaming',
+            'description': 'huge casting news Greyworm will be  #louisdulac #racebending #interviewwiththevampire',
+            'title': 'huge casting news Greyworm will be  #louisdulac #racebending #interviewwiththevampire',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.tiktok.com/@MS4wLjABAAAAsJohwz_dU4KfAOc61cbGDAZ46-5hg2ANTXVQlRe1ipDhpX08PywR3PPiple1NTAo',
+            'uploader_id': '7000478462196990982',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.tiktok.com/@aliciadreaming',
+            'timestamp': 1630032733,
+            'channel': 'Alicia Dreaming',
+            'track': 'original sound',
+            'upload_date': '20210827',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'duration': 59,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'note': 'tumblr video AND youtube embed',
+        'url': 'https://www.tumblr.com/anyaboz/765332564457209856/my-music-video-for-selkie-by-nobodys-wolf-child',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '765332564457209856',
+            'uploader_id': 'anyaboz',
+            'repost_count': int,
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'uploader_url': 'https://anyaboz.tumblr.com/',
+            'description': 'md5:9a129cf6ce9d87a80ffd3c6dedd4d1e6',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'title': 'md5:b18a2ac9387681d20303e485db85c1b5',
+            'tags': ['music video', 'nobodys wolf child', 'selkie', 'Stop Motion Animation', 'stop Motion', 'room guardians', 'Youtube'],
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 2,
+    }, {
+        # twitch_live provider - error when linked account is not live
+        'url': 'https://www.tumblr.com/anarcho-skamunist/722224493650722816/hollow-knight-stream-right-now-going-to-fight',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
     _providers = {
@@ -239,6 +368,16 @@ class TumblrIE(InfoExtractor):
         'vimeo': 'Vimeo',
         'vine': 'Vine',
         'youtube': 'Youtube',
+        'dailymotion': 'Dailymotion',
+        'tiktok': 'TikTok',
+        'twitch_live': 'TwitchStream',
+        'bandcamp': None,
+        'soundcloud': None,
+    }
+    # known not to be supported
+    _unsupported_providers = {
+        # seems like podcasts can't be embedded
+        'spotify',
     }
 
     _ACCESS_TOKEN = None
@@ -256,23 +395,40 @@ class TumblrIE(InfoExtractor):
         if not self._ACCESS_TOKEN:
             return
 
-        self._download_json(
-            self._OAUTH_URL, None, 'Logging in',
-            data=urlencode_postdata({
-                'password': password,
-                'grant_type': 'password',
-                'username': username,
-            }), headers={
-                'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
-                'Authorization': f'Bearer {self._ACCESS_TOKEN}',
-            },
-            errnote='Login failed', fatal=False)
+        data = {
+            'password': password,
+            'grant_type': 'password',
+            'username': username,
+        }
+        if self.get_param('twofactor'):
+            data['tfa_token'] = self.get_param('twofactor')
+
+        def _call_login():
+            return self._download_json(
+                self._OAUTH_URL, None, 'Logging in',
+                data=urlencode_postdata(data),
+                headers={
+                    'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
+                    'Authorization': f'Bearer {self._ACCESS_TOKEN}',
+                },
+                errnote='Login failed', fatal=False,
+                expected_status=lambda s: 400 <= s < 500)
+
+        response = _call_login()
+        if traverse_obj(response, 'error') == 'tfa_required':
+            data['tfa_token'] = self._get_tfa_info()
+            response = _call_login()
+        if traverse_obj(response, 'error'):
+            raise ExtractorError(
+                f'API returned error {": ".join(traverse_obj(response, (("error", "error_description"), {str})))}')
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        blog, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
+        blog_1, blog_2, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
+        blog = blog_2 or blog_1
 
-        url = f'http://{blog}.tumblr.com/post/{video_id}/'
-        webpage, urlh = self._download_webpage_handle(url, video_id)
+        url = f'http://{blog}.tumblr.com/post/{video_id}'
+        webpage, urlh = self._download_webpage_handle(
+            url, video_id, headers={'User-Agent': 'WhatsApp/2.0'})  # whatsapp ua bypasses problems
 
         redirect_url = urlh.url
 
@@ -289,23 +445,69 @@ class TumblrIE(InfoExtractor):
                 self._download_json(
                     f'https://www.tumblr.com/api/v2/blog/{blog}/posts/{video_id}/permalink',
                     video_id, headers={'Authorization': f'Bearer {self._ACCESS_TOKEN}'}, fatal=False),
-                ('response', 'timeline', 'elements', 0)) or {}
-        content_json = traverse_obj(post_json, ('trail', 0, 'content'), ('content')) or []
-        video_json = next(
-            (item for item in content_json if item.get('type') == 'video'), {})
-        media_json = video_json.get('media') or {}
-        if api_only and not media_json.get('url') and not video_json.get('url'):
-            raise ExtractorError('Failed to find video data for dashboard-only post')
+                ('response', 'timeline', 'elements', 0, {dict})) or {}
+        content_json = traverse_obj(post_json, ((('trail', 0), None), 'content', ..., {dict}))
 
-        if not media_json.get('url') and video_json.get('url'):
-            # external video host
-            return self.url_result(
-                video_json['url'],
-                self._providers.get(video_json.get('provider'), 'Generic'))
+        # the url we're extracting from might be an original post or it might be a reblog.
+        # if it's a reblog, og:description will be the reblogger's comment, not the uploader's.
+        # content_json is always the op, so if it exists but has no text, there's no description
+        if content_json:
+            description = '\n\n'.join(
+                item.get('text') for item in content_json if item.get('type') == 'text') or None
+        else:
+            description = self._og_search_description(webpage, default=None)
+        uploader_id = traverse_obj(post_json, 'reblogged_root_name', 'blog_name')
 
-        video_url = self._og_search_video_url(webpage, default=None)
-        duration = None
+        info_dict = {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'title': post_json.get('summary') or (blog if api_only else self._html_search_regex(
+                r'(?s)<title>(?P<title>.*?)(?: \| Tumblr)?</title>', webpage, 'title', default=blog)),
+            'description': description,
+            'uploader_id': uploader_id,
+            'uploader_url': f'https://{uploader_id}.tumblr.com/' if uploader_id else None,
+            **traverse_obj(post_json, {
+                'like_count': ('like_count', {int_or_none}),
+                'repost_count': ('reblog_count', {int_or_none}),
+                'tags': ('tags', ..., {str}),
+            }),
+            'age_limit': {True: 18, False: 0}.get(post_json.get('is_nsfw')),
+        }
+
+        # for tumblr's own video hosting
+        fallback_format = None
         formats = []
+        video_url = self._og_search_video_url(webpage, default=None)
+        # for external video hosts
+        entries = []
+        ignored_providers = set()
+        unknown_providers = set()
+
+        for video_json in traverse_obj(content_json, lambda _, v: v['type'] in ('video', 'audio')):
+            media_json = video_json.get('media') or {}
+            if api_only and not media_json.get('url') and not video_json.get('url'):
+                raise ExtractorError('Failed to find video data for dashboard-only post')
+            provider = video_json.get('provider')
+
+            if provider in ('tumblr', None):
+                fallback_format = {
+                    'url': media_json.get('url') or video_url,
+                    'width': int_or_none(
+                        media_json.get('width') or self._og_search_property('video:width', webpage, default=None)),
+                    'height': int_or_none(
+                        media_json.get('height') or self._og_search_property('video:height', webpage, default=None)),
+                }
+                continue
+            elif provider in self._unsupported_providers:
+                ignored_providers.add(provider)
+                continue
+            elif provider and provider not in self._providers:
+                unknown_providers.add(provider)
+            if video_json.get('url'):
+                # external video host
+                entries.append(self.url_result(
+                    video_json['url'], self._providers.get(provider)))
+
+        duration = None
 
         # iframes can supply duration and sometimes additional formats, so check for one
         iframe_url = self._search_regex(
@@ -344,44 +546,36 @@ class TumblrIE(InfoExtractor):
                         'quality': quality,
                     } for quality, (video_url, format_id) in enumerate(sources)]
 
-        if not media_json.get('url') and not video_url and not iframe_url:
-            # external video host (but we weren't able to figure it out from the api)
-            iframe_url = self._search_regex(
-                r'src=["\'](https?://safe\.txmblr\.com/svc/embed/inline/[^"\']+)["\']',
-                webpage, 'embed iframe url', default=None)
-            return self.url_result(iframe_url or redirect_url, 'Generic')
+        if not formats and fallback_format:
+            formats.append(fallback_format)
 
-        formats = formats or [{
-            'url': media_json.get('url') or video_url,
-            'width': int_or_none(
-                media_json.get('width') or self._og_search_property('video:width', webpage, default=None)),
-            'height': int_or_none(
-                media_json.get('height') or self._og_search_property('video:height', webpage, default=None)),
-        }]
+        if formats:
+            # tumblr's own video is always above embeds
+            entries.insert(0, {
+                **info_dict,
+                'formats': formats,
+                'duration': duration,
+                'thumbnail': (traverse_obj(video_json, ('poster', 0, 'url', {url_or_none}))
+                              or self._og_search_thumbnail(webpage, default=None)),
+            })
 
-        # the url we're extracting from might be an original post or it might be a reblog.
-        # if it's a reblog, og:description will be the reblogger's comment, not the uploader's.
-        # content_json is always the op, so if it exists but has no text, there's no description
-        if content_json:
-            description = '\n\n'.join(
-                item.get('text') for item in content_json if item.get('type') == 'text') or None
-        else:
-            description = self._og_search_description(webpage, default=None)
-        uploader_id = traverse_obj(post_json, 'reblogged_root_name', 'blog_name')
+        if ignored_providers:
+            if not entries:
+                raise ExtractorError(f'None of embed providers are supported: {", ".join(ignored_providers)!s}', video_id=video_id, expected=True)
+            else:
+                self.report_warning(f'Skipped embeds from unsupported providers: {", ".join(ignored_providers)!s}', video_id)
+        if unknown_providers:
+            self.report_warning(f'Unrecognized providers, please report: {", ".join(unknown_providers)!s}', video_id)
 
+        if not entries:
+            self.raise_no_formats('No video could be found in this post', expected=True, video_id=video_id)
+        if len(entries) == 1:
+            return {
+                **info_dict,
+                **entries[0],
+            }
         return {
-            'id': video_id,
-            'title': post_json.get('summary') or (blog if api_only else self._html_search_regex(
-                r'(?s)<title>(?P<title>.*?)(?: \| Tumblr)?</title>', webpage, 'title')),
-            'description': description,
-            'thumbnail': (traverse_obj(video_json, ('poster', 0, 'url'))
-                          or self._og_search_thumbnail(webpage, default=None)),
-            'uploader_id': uploader_id,
-            'uploader_url': f'https://{uploader_id}.tumblr.com/' if uploader_id else None,
-            'duration': duration,
-            'like_count': post_json.get('like_count'),
-            'repost_count': post_json.get('reblog_count'),
-            'age_limit': {True: 18, False: 0}.get(post_json.get('is_nsfw')),
-            'tags': post_json.get('tags'),
-            'formats': formats,
+            **info_dict,
+            '_type': 'playlist',
+            'entries': entries,
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/tva.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/tva.py
index d702640f3..48c4e9cba 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tva.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tva.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import functools
 import re
 
 from .brightcove import BrightcoveNewIE
@@ -68,7 +67,7 @@ class TVAIE(InfoExtractor):
             'episode': episode,
             **traverse_obj(entity, {
                 'description': ('longDescription', {str}),
-                'duration': ('durationMillis', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                'duration': ('durationMillis', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'channel': ('knownEntities', 'channel', 'name', {str}),
                 'series': ('knownEntities', 'videoShow', 'name', {str}),
                 'season_number': ('slug', {lambda x: re.search(r'/s(?:ai|ea)son-(\d+)/', x)}, 1, {int_or_none}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/tver.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/tver.py
index c13832c6f..a8865fe64 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tver.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tver.py
@@ -6,11 +6,12 @@ from ..utils import (
     str_or_none,
     strip_or_none,
     traverse_obj,
+    update_url_query,
 )
 
 
 class TVerIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?tver\.jp/(?:(?P<type>lp|corner|series|episodes?|feature|tokyo2020/video|olympic/paris2024/video)/)+(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?tver\.jp/(?:(?P<type>lp|corner|series|episodes?|feature)/)+(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'skip': 'videos are only available for 7 days',
         'url': 'https://tver.jp/episodes/ep83nf3w4p',
@@ -21,80 +22,115 @@ class TVerIE(InfoExtractor):
             'episode': '売り場席巻のチーズSP＆財前直見×森泉親子の脱東京暮らし密着！',
             'alt_title': '売り場席巻のチーズSP＆財前直見×森泉親子の脱東京暮らし密着！',
             'channel': 'テレビ朝日',
+            'id': 'ep83nf3w4p',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'onair_label': '5月3日(火)放送分',
+            'ext_title': '家事ヤロウ!!! 売り場席巻のチーズSP＆財前直見×森泉親子の脱東京暮らし密着！ テレビ朝日 5月3日(火)放送分',
         },
         'add_ie': ['BrightcoveNew'],
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://tver.jp/olympic/paris2024/video/6359578055112/',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '6359578055112',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': '堀米雄斗 金メダルで五輪連覇！「みんなの応援が最後に乗れたカギ」',
-            'timestamp': 1722279928,
-            'upload_date': '20240729',
-            'tags': ['20240729', 'japanese', 'japanmedal', 'paris'],
-            'uploader_id': '4774017240001',
-            'thumbnail': r're:https?://[^/?#]+boltdns\.net/[^?#]+/1920x1080/match/image\.jpg',
-            'duration': 670.571,
-        },
-        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
     }, {
         'url': 'https://tver.jp/corner/f0103888',
         'only_matching': True,
     }, {
         'url': 'https://tver.jp/lp/f0033031',
         'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://tver.jp/series/srtxft431v',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'srtxft431v',
+            'title': '名探偵コナン',
+        },
+        'playlist': [
+            {
+                'md5': '779ffd97493ed59b0a6277ea726b389e',
+                'info_dict': {
+                    'id': 'ref:conan-1137-241005',
+                    'ext': 'mp4',
+                    'title': '名探偵コナン #1137「行列店、味変の秘密」',
+                    'uploader_id': '5330942432001',
+                    'tags': [],
+                    'channel': '読売テレビ',
+                    'series': '名探偵コナン',
+                    'description': 'md5:601fccc1d2430d942a2c8068c4b33eb5',
+                    'episode': '#1137「行列店、味変の秘密」',
+                    'duration': 1469.077,
+                    'timestamp': 1728030405,
+                    'upload_date': '20241004',
+                    'alt_title': '名探偵コナン #1137「行列店、味変の秘密」 読売テレビ 10月5日(土)放送分',
+                    'thumbnail': r're:https://.+\.jpg',
+                },
+            }],
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://tver.jp/series/sru35hwdd2',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'sru35hwdd2',
+            'title': '神回だけ見せます！',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 11,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://tver.jp/series/srkq2shp9d',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
     BRIGHTCOVE_URL_TEMPLATE = 'http://players.brightcove.net/%s/default_default/index.html?videoId=%s'
-    _PLATFORM_UID = None
-    _PLATFORM_TOKEN = None
+    _HEADERS = {'x-tver-platform-type': 'web'}
+    _PLATFORM_QUERY = {}
 
     def _real_initialize(self):
-        create_response = self._download_json(
-            'https://platform-api.tver.jp/v2/api/platform_users/browser/create', None,
-            note='Creating session', data=b'device_type=pc', headers={
-                'Origin': 'https://s.tver.jp',
-                'Referer': 'https://s.tver.jp/',
-                'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
+        session_info = self._download_json(
+            'https://platform-api.tver.jp/v2/api/platform_users/browser/create',
+            None, 'Creating session', data=b'device_type=pc')
+        self._PLATFORM_QUERY = traverse_obj(session_info, ('result', {
+            'platform_uid': 'platform_uid',
+            'platform_token': 'platform_token',
+        }))
+
+    def _call_platform_api(self, path, video_id, note=None, fatal=True, query=None):
+        return self._download_json(
+            f'https://platform-api.tver.jp/service/api/{path}', video_id, note,
+            fatal=fatal, headers=self._HEADERS, query={
+                **self._PLATFORM_QUERY,
+                **(query or {}),
             })
-        self._PLATFORM_UID = traverse_obj(create_response, ('result', 'platform_uid'))
-        self._PLATFORM_TOKEN = traverse_obj(create_response, ('result', 'platform_token'))
+
+    def _yield_episode_ids_for_series(self, series_id):
+        seasons_info = self._download_json(
+            f'https://service-api.tver.jp/api/v1/callSeriesSeasons/{series_id}',
+            series_id, 'Downloading seasons info', headers=self._HEADERS)
+        for season_id in traverse_obj(
+                seasons_info, ('result', 'contents', lambda _, v: v['type'] == 'season', 'content', 'id', {str})):
+            episodes_info = self._call_platform_api(
+                f'v1/callSeasonEpisodes/{season_id}', series_id, f'Downloading season {season_id} episodes info')
+            yield from traverse_obj(episodes_info, (
+                'result', 'contents', lambda _, v: v['type'] == 'episode', 'content', 'id', {str}))
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id, video_type = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'type')
 
-        if video_type == 'olympic/paris2024/video':
-            # Player ID is taken from .content.brightcove.E200.pro.pc.account_id:
-            # https://tver.jp/olympic/paris2024/req/api/hook?q=https%3A%2F%2Folympic-assets.tver.jp%2Fweb-static%2Fjson%2Fconfig.json&d=
-            return self.url_result(smuggle_url(
-                self.BRIGHTCOVE_URL_TEMPLATE % ('4774017240001', video_id),
-                {'geo_countries': ['JP']}), 'BrightcoveNew')
+        if video_type == 'series':
+            series_info = self._call_platform_api(
+                f'v2/callSeries/{video_id}', video_id, 'Downloading series info')
+            return self.playlist_from_matches(
+                self._yield_episode_ids_for_series(video_id), video_id,
+                traverse_obj(series_info, ('result', 'content', 'content', 'title', {str})),
+                ie=TVerIE, getter=lambda x: f'https://tver.jp/episodes/{x}')
 
-        elif video_type not in {'series', 'episodes'}:
+        if video_type != 'episodes':
             webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id, note='Resolving to new URL')
             video_id = self._match_id(self._search_regex(
                 (r'canonical"\s*href="(https?://tver\.jp/[^"]+)"', r'&link=(https?://tver\.jp/[^?&]+)[?&]'),
                 webpage, 'url regex'))
 
-        episode_info = self._download_json(
-            f'https://platform-api.tver.jp/service/api/v1/callEpisode/{video_id}?require_data=mylist,later[epefy106ur],good[epefy106ur],resume[epefy106ur]',
-            video_id, fatal=False,
-            query={
-                'platform_uid': self._PLATFORM_UID,
-                'platform_token': self._PLATFORM_TOKEN,
-            }, headers={
-                'x-tver-platform-type': 'web',
+        episode_info = self._call_platform_api(
+            f'v1/callEpisode/{video_id}', video_id, 'Downloading episode info', fatal=False, query={
+                'require_data': 'mylist,later[epefy106ur],good[epefy106ur],resume[epefy106ur]',
             })
         episode_content = traverse_obj(
             episode_info, ('result', 'episode', 'content')) or {}
 
+        version = traverse_obj(episode_content, ('version', {str_or_none}), default='5')
         video_info = self._download_json(
-            f'https://statics.tver.jp/content/episode/{video_id}.json', video_id,
-            query={
-                'v': str_or_none(episode_content.get('version')) or '5',
-            }, headers={
-                'Origin': 'https://tver.jp',
-                'Referer': 'https://tver.jp/',
-            })
+            f'https://statics.tver.jp/content/episode/{video_id}.json', video_id, 'Downloading video info',
+            query={'v': version}, headers={'Referer': 'https://tver.jp/'})
         p_id = video_info['video']['accountID']
         r_id = traverse_obj(video_info, ('video', ('videoRefID', 'videoID')), get_all=False)
         if not r_id:
@@ -110,6 +146,23 @@ class TVerIE(InfoExtractor):
         provider = str_or_none(episode_content.get('productionProviderName'))
         onair_label = str_or_none(episode_content.get('broadcastDateLabel'))
 
+        thumbnails = [
+            {
+                'id': quality,
+                'url': update_url_query(
+                    f'https://statics.tver.jp/images/content/thumbnail/episode/{quality}/{video_id}.jpg',
+                    {'v': version}),
+                'width': width,
+                'height': height,
+            }
+            for quality, width, height in [
+                ('small', 480, 270),
+                ('medium', 640, 360),
+                ('large', 960, 540),
+                ('xlarge', 1280, 720),
+            ]
+        ]
+
         return {
             '_type': 'url_transparent',
             'title': title,
@@ -119,6 +172,7 @@ class TVerIE(InfoExtractor):
             'alt_title': join_nonempty(title, provider, onair_label, delim=' '),
             'channel': provider,
             'description': str_or_none(video_info.get('description')),
+            'thumbnails': thumbnails,
             'url': smuggle_url(
                 self.BRIGHTCOVE_URL_TEMPLATE % (p_id, r_id), {'geo_countries': ['JP']}),
             'ie_key': 'BrightcoveNew',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/tvn24.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/tvn24.py
index 0dc43a9d4..a0590e4f7 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tvn24.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tvn24.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ from ..utils import (
 
 class TVN24IE(InfoExtractor):
     _WORKING = False
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:(?:[^/]+)\.)?tvn24(?:bis)?\.pl/(?:[^/]+/)*(?P<id>[^/]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:(?!eurosport)[^/]+\.)?tvn24(?:bis)?\.pl/(?:[^/?#]+/)*(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'http://www.tvn24.pl/wiadomosci-z-kraju,3/oredzie-artura-andrusa,702428.html',
         'md5': 'fbdec753d7bc29d96036808275f2130c',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/twitcasting.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/twitcasting.py
index 53b408469..bf9c6348c 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/twitcasting.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/twitcasting.py
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ class TwitCastingLiveIE(InfoExtractor):
 
 
 class TwitCastingUserIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:[^/?#]+\.)?twitcasting\.tv/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)/(:?show|archive)/?(?:[#?]|$)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:[^/?#]+\.)?twitcasting\.tv/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)/(?:show|archive)/?(?:[#?]|$)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://twitcasting.tv/natsuiromatsuri/archive/',
         'info_dict': {
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/twitter.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/twitter.py
index d056797f3..8196ce6c3 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/twitter.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/twitter.py
@@ -150,14 +150,6 @@ class TwitterBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
     def is_logged_in(self):
         return bool(self._get_cookies(self._API_BASE).get('auth_token'))
 
-    # XXX: Temporary workaround until twitter.com => x.com migration is completed
-    def _real_initialize(self):
-        if self.is_logged_in or not self._get_cookies('https://twitter.com/').get('auth_token'):
-            return
-        # User has not yet been migrated to x.com and has passed twitter.com cookies
-        TwitterBaseIE._API_BASE = 'https://api.twitter.com/1.1/'
-        TwitterBaseIE._GRAPHQL_API_BASE = 'https://twitter.com/i/api/graphql/'
-
     @functools.cached_property
     def _selected_api(self):
         return self._configuration_arg('api', ['graphql'], ie_key='Twitter')[0]
@@ -934,14 +926,13 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
             'uploader_id': 'MoniqueCamarra',
             'live_status': 'was_live',
             'release_timestamp': 1658417414,
-            'description': 'md5:acce559345fd49f129c20dbcda3f1201',
+            'description': r're:Twitter Space participated by Sergej Sumlenny.+',
             'timestamp': 1658407771,
             'release_date': '20220721',
             'upload_date': '20220721',
         },
         'add_ie': ['TwitterSpaces'],
         'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
-        'skip': 'Requires authentication',
     }, {
         # URL specifies video number but --yes-playlist
         'url': 'https://twitter.com/CTVJLaidlaw/status/1600649710662213632/video/1',
@@ -1764,7 +1755,7 @@ class TwitterSpacesIE(TwitterBaseIE):
             'release_timestamp': 1659904215,
             'release_date': '20220807',
         },
-        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+        'skip': 'No longer available',
     }, {
         # post_live/TimedOut but downloadable
         'url': 'https://twitter.com/i/spaces/1vAxRAVQWONJl',
@@ -1780,6 +1771,8 @@ class TwitterSpacesIE(TwitterBaseIE):
             'upload_date': '20230413',
             'release_timestamp': 1681839000,
             'release_date': '20230418',
+            'protocol': 'm3u8',  # ffmpeg is forced
+            'container': 'm4a_dash',  # audio-only format fixup is applied
         },
         'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
     }, {
@@ -1790,11 +1783,31 @@ class TwitterSpacesIE(TwitterBaseIE):
             'ext': 'm4a',
             'title': 'あ',
             'description': 'Twitter Space participated by nobody yet',
-            'uploader': '息根とめる🔪Twitchで復活',
+            'uploader': '息根とめる',
             'uploader_id': 'tomeru_ikinone',
             'live_status': 'was_live',
             'timestamp': 1685617198,
             'upload_date': '20230601',
+            'protocol': 'm3u8',  # ffmpeg is forced
+            'container': 'm4a_dash',  # audio-only format fixup is applied
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }, {
+        # Video Space
+        'url': 'https://x.com/i/spaces/1DXGydznBYWKM',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1DXGydznBYWKM',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'America and Israel’s “special relationship”',
+            'description': 'Twitter Space participated by nobody yet',
+            'uploader': 'Candace Owens',
+            'uploader_id': 'RealCandaceO',
+            'live_status': 'was_live',
+            'timestamp': 1723931351,
+            'upload_date': '20240817',
+            'release_timestamp': 1723932000,
+            'release_date': '20240817',
+            'protocol': 'm3u8_native',  # not ffmpeg, detected as video space
         },
         'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
     }]
@@ -1834,8 +1847,6 @@ class TwitterSpacesIE(TwitterBaseIE):
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         space_id = self._match_id(url)
-        if not self.is_logged_in:
-            self.raise_login_required('Twitter Spaces require authentication')
         space_data = self._call_graphql_api('HPEisOmj1epUNLCWTYhUWw/AudioSpaceById', space_id)['audioSpace']
         if not space_data:
             raise ExtractorError('Twitter Space not found', expected=True)
@@ -1854,13 +1865,17 @@ class TwitterSpacesIE(TwitterBaseIE):
             source = traverse_obj(
                 self._call_api(f'live_video_stream/status/{metadata["media_key"]}', metadata['media_key']),
                 ('source', ('noRedirectPlaybackUrl', 'location'), {url_or_none}), get_all=False)
-            formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(  # XXX: Some Spaces need ffmpeg as downloader
-                source, metadata['media_key'], 'm4a', entry_protocol='m3u8', live=is_live,
-                headers=headers, fatal=False) if source else []
-            for fmt in formats:
-                fmt.update({'vcodec': 'none', 'acodec': 'aac'})
-                if not is_live:
-                    fmt['container'] = 'm4a_dash'
+            is_audio_space = source and 'audio-space' in source
+            formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
+                source, metadata['media_key'], 'm4a' if is_audio_space else 'mp4',
+                # XXX: Some audio-only Spaces need ffmpeg as downloader
+                entry_protocol='m3u8' if is_audio_space else 'm3u8_native',
+                live=is_live, headers=headers, fatal=False) if source else []
+            if is_audio_space:
+                for fmt in formats:
+                    fmt.update({'vcodec': 'none', 'acodec': 'aac'})
+                    if not is_live:
+                        fmt['container'] = 'm4a_dash'
 
         participants = ', '.join(traverse_obj(
             space_data, ('participants', 'speakers', ..., 'display_name'))) or 'nobody yet'
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/uliza.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/uliza.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5766bd378
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/uliza.py
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
+    int_or_none,
+    make_archive_id,
+    parse_qs,
+    time_seconds,
+)
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+
+
+class UlizaPlayerIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https://player-api\.p\.uliza\.jp/v1/players/[^?#]+\?(?:[^#]*&)?name=(?P<id>[^#&]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://player-api.p.uliza.jp/v1/players/timeshift-disabled/pia/admin?type=normal&playerobjectname=ulizaPlayer&name=livestream01_dvr&repeatable=true',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '88f3109a-f503-4d0f-a9f7-9f39ac745d84',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '88f3109a-f503-4d0f-a9f7-9f39ac745d84',
+            'live_status': 'was_live',
+            '_old_archive_ids': ['piaulizaportal 88f3109a-f503-4d0f-a9f7-9f39ac745d84'],
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://player-api.p.uliza.jp/v1/players/uliza_jp_gallery_normal/promotion/admin?type=presentation&name=cookings&targetid=player1',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'ae350126-5e22-4a7f-a8ac-8d0fd448b800',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'ae350126-5e22-4a7f-a8ac-8d0fd448b800',
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
+            '_old_archive_ids': ['piaulizaportal ae350126-5e22-4a7f-a8ac-8d0fd448b800'],
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://player-api.p.uliza.jp/v1/players/default-player/pia/admin?type=normal&name=pia_movie_uliza_fix&targetid=ulizahtml5&repeatable=true',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '0644ecc8-e354-41b4-b957-3b08a2d63df1',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '0644ecc8-e354-41b4-b957-3b08a2d63df1',
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
+            '_old_archive_ids': ['piaulizaportal 0644ecc8-e354-41b4-b957-3b08a2d63df1'],
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        display_id = self._match_id(url)
+        player_data = self._download_webpage(
+            url, display_id, headers={'Referer': 'https://player-api.p.uliza.jp/'},
+            note='Fetching player data', errnote='Unable to fetch player data')
+
+        m3u8_url = self._search_regex(
+            r'["\'](https://vms-api\.p\.uliza\.jp/v1/prog-index\.m3u8[^"\']+)', player_data, 'm3u8 url')
+        video_id = parse_qs(m3u8_url).get('ss', [display_id])[0]
+
+        formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(m3u8_url, video_id)
+        m3u8_type = self._search_regex(
+            r'/hls/(dvr|video)/', traverse_obj(formats, (0, 'url')), 'm3u8 type', default=None)
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'title': video_id,
+            'formats': formats,
+            'live_status': {
+                'video': 'is_live',
+                'dvr': 'was_live',  # short-term archives
+            }.get(m3u8_type, 'not_live'),  # VOD or long-term archives
+            '_old_archive_ids': [make_archive_id('PIAULIZAPortal', video_id)],
+        }
+
+
+class UlizaPortalIE(InfoExtractor):
+    IE_DESC = 'ulizaportal.jp'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?ulizaportal\.jp/pages/(?P<id>[\da-f]{8}-(?:[\da-f]{4}-){3}[\da-f]{12})'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://ulizaportal.jp/pages/005f18b7-e810-5618-cb82-0987c5755d44',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'ae350126-5e22-4a7f-a8ac-8d0fd448b800',
+            'display_id': '005f18b7-e810-5618-cb82-0987c5755d44',
+            'title': 'プレゼンテーションプレイヤーのサンプル',
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
+            '_old_archive_ids': ['piaulizaportal ae350126-5e22-4a7f-a8ac-8d0fd448b800'],
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': True,
+            'ignore_no_formats_error': True,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://ulizaportal.jp/pages/005e1b23-fe93-5780-19a0-98e917cc4b7d?expires=4102412400&signature=f422a993b683e1068f946caf406d211c17d1ef17da8bef3df4a519502155aa91&version=1',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '0644ecc8-e354-41b4-b957-3b08a2d63df1',
+            'display_id': '005e1b23-fe93-5780-19a0-98e917cc4b7d',
+            'title': '【確認用】視聴サンプルページ（ULIZA）',
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
+            '_old_archive_ids': ['piaulizaportal 0644ecc8-e354-41b4-b957-3b08a2d63df1'],
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': True,
+            'ignore_no_formats_error': True,
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+
+        expires = int_or_none(traverse_obj(parse_qs(url), ('expires', 0)))
+        if expires and expires <= time_seconds():
+            raise ExtractorError('The link is expired', video_id=video_id, expected=True)
+
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+
+        player_data_url = self._search_regex(
+            r'<script [^>]*\bsrc="(https://player-api\.p\.uliza\.jp/v1/players/[^"]+)"',
+            webpage, 'player data url')
+        return self.url_result(
+            player_data_url, UlizaPlayerIE, url_transparent=True,
+            display_id=video_id, video_title=self._html_extract_title(webpage))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/ustream.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/ustream.py
index 33cf8f454..0fdf8f748 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/ustream.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/ustream.py
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ class UstreamIE(InfoExtractor):
         def num_to_hex(n):
             return hex(n)[2:]
 
-        rnd = random.randrange
+        rnd = lambda x: random.randrange(int(x))
 
         if not extra_note:
             extra_note = ''
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/veoh.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/veoh.py
deleted file mode 100644
index dc1bf96ec..000000000
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/veoh.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,188 +0,0 @@
-import functools
-import json
-
-from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import (
-    ExtractorError,
-    OnDemandPagedList,
-    int_or_none,
-    parse_duration,
-    qualities,
-    try_get,
-)
-
-
-class VeohIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?veoh\.com/(?:watch|videos|embed|iphone/#_Watch)/(?P<id>(?:v|e|yapi-)[\da-zA-Z]+)'
-
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'http://www.veoh.com/watch/v56314296nk7Zdmz3',
-        'md5': '620e68e6a3cff80086df3348426c9ca3',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'v56314296nk7Zdmz3',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Straight Backs Are Stronger',
-            'description': 'md5:203f976279939a6dc664d4001e13f5f4',
-            'thumbnail': 're:https://fcache\\.veoh\\.com/file/f/th56314296\\.jpg(\\?.*)?',
-            'uploader': 'LUMOback',
-            'duration': 46,
-            'view_count': int,
-            'average_rating': int,
-            'comment_count': int,
-            'age_limit': 0,
-            'categories': ['technology_and_gaming'],
-            'tags': ['posture', 'posture', 'sensor', 'back', 'pain', 'wearable', 'tech', 'lumo'],
-        },
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.veoh.com/embed/v56314296nk7Zdmz3',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.veoh.com/watch/v27701988pbTc4wzN?h1=Chile+workers+cover+up+to+avoid+skin+damage',
-        'md5': '4a6ff84b87d536a6a71e6aa6c0ad07fa',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '27701988',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Chile workers cover up to avoid skin damage',
-            'description': 'md5:2bd151625a60a32822873efc246ba20d',
-            'uploader': 'afp-news',
-            'duration': 123,
-        },
-        'skip': 'This video has been deleted.',
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.veoh.com/watch/v69525809F6Nc4frX',
-        'md5': '4fde7b9e33577bab2f2f8f260e30e979',
-        'note': 'Embedded ooyala video',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '69525809',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Doctors Alter Plan For Preteen\'s Weight Loss Surgery',
-            'description': 'md5:f5a11c51f8fb51d2315bca0937526891',
-            'uploader': 'newsy-videos',
-        },
-        'skip': 'This video has been deleted.',
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.veoh.com/watch/e152215AJxZktGS',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.veoh.com/videos/v16374379WA437rMH',
-        'md5': 'cceb73f3909063d64f4b93d4defca1b3',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'v16374379WA437rMH',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Phantasmagoria 2, pt. 1-3',
-            'description': 'Phantasmagoria: a Puzzle of Flesh',
-            'thumbnail': 're:https://fcache\\.veoh\\.com/file/f/th16374379\\.jpg(\\?.*)?',
-            'uploader': 'davidspackage',
-            'duration': 968,
-            'view_count': int,
-            'average_rating': int,
-            'comment_count': int,
-            'age_limit': 18,
-            'categories': ['technology_and_gaming', 'gaming'],
-            'tags': ['puzzle', 'of', 'flesh'],
-        },
-    }]
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        video_id = self._match_id(url)
-        metadata = self._download_json(
-            'https://www.veoh.com/watch/getVideo/' + video_id,
-            video_id)
-        video = metadata['video']
-        title = video['title']
-
-        thumbnail_url = None
-        q = qualities(['Regular', 'HQ'])
-        formats = []
-        for f_id, f_url in video.get('src', {}).items():
-            if not f_url:
-                continue
-            if f_id == 'poster':
-                thumbnail_url = f_url
-            else:
-                formats.append({
-                    'format_id': f_id,
-                    'quality': q(f_id),
-                    'url': f_url,
-                })
-
-        categories = metadata.get('categoryPath')
-        if not categories:
-            category = try_get(video, lambda x: x['category'].strip().removeprefix('category_'))
-            categories = [category] if category else None
-        tags = video.get('tags')
-
-        return {
-            'id': video_id,
-            'title': title,
-            'description': video.get('description'),
-            'thumbnail': thumbnail_url,
-            'uploader': video.get('author', {}).get('nickname'),
-            'duration': int_or_none(video.get('lengthBySec')) or parse_duration(video.get('length')),
-            'view_count': int_or_none(video.get('views')),
-            'formats': formats,
-            'average_rating': int_or_none(video.get('rating')),
-            'comment_count': int_or_none(video.get('numOfComments')),
-            'age_limit': 18 if video.get('contentRatingId') == 2 else 0,
-            'categories': categories,
-            'tags': tags.split(', ') if tags else None,
-        }
-
-
-class VeohUserIE(VeohIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?veoh\.com/users/(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
-    IE_NAME = 'veoh:user'
-
-    _TESTS = [
-        {
-            'url': 'https://www.veoh.com/users/valentinazoe',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': 'valentinazoe',
-                'title': 'valentinazoe (Uploads)',
-            },
-            'playlist_mincount': 75,
-        },
-        {
-            'url': 'https://www.veoh.com/users/PiensaLibre',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': 'PiensaLibre',
-                'title': 'PiensaLibre (Uploads)',
-            },
-            'playlist_mincount': 2,
-        }]
-
-    _PAGE_SIZE = 16
-
-    def _fetch_page(self, uploader, page):
-        response = self._download_json(
-            'https://www.veoh.com/users/published/videos', uploader,
-            note=f'Downloading videos page {page + 1}',
-            headers={
-                'x-csrf-token': self._TOKEN,
-                'content-type': 'application/json;charset=UTF-8',
-            },
-            data=json.dumps({
-                'username': uploader,
-                'maxResults': self._PAGE_SIZE,
-                'page': page + 1,
-                'requestName': 'userPage',
-            }).encode())
-        if not response.get('success'):
-            raise ExtractorError(response['message'])
-
-        for video in response['videos']:
-            yield self.url_result(f'https://www.veoh.com/watch/{video["permalinkId"]}', VeohIE,
-                                  video['permalinkId'], video.get('title'))
-
-    def _real_initialize(self):
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(
-            'https://www.veoh.com', None, note='Downloading authorization token')
-        self._TOKEN = self._search_regex(
-            r'csrfToken:\s*(["\'])(?P<token>[0-9a-zA-Z]{40})\1', webpage,
-            'request token', group='token')
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        uploader = self._match_id(url)
-        return self.playlist_result(OnDemandPagedList(
-            functools.partial(self._fetch_page, uploader),
-            self._PAGE_SIZE), uploader, f'{uploader} (Uploads)')
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/vidflex.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/vidflex.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ce0880b47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/vidflex.py
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+import base64
+import json
+
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import (
+    int_or_none,
+    join_nonempty,
+    mimetype2ext,
+    url_or_none,
+)
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+
+
+class VidflexIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _DOMAINS_RE = [
+        r'[^.]+\.vidflex\.tv',
+        r'(?:www\.)?acactv\.ca',
+        r'(?:www\.)?albertalacrossetv\.com',
+        r'(?:www\.)?cjfltv\.com',
+        r'(?:www\.)?figureitoutbaseball\.com',
+        r'(?:www\.)?ocaalive\.com',
+        r'(?:www\.)?pegasussports\.tv',
+        r'(?:www\.)?praxisseries\.ca',
+        r'(?:www\.)?silenticetv\.com',
+        r'(?:www\.)?tuffhedemantv\.com',
+        r'(?:www\.)?watchfuntv\.com',
+        r'live\.ofsaa\.on\.ca',
+        r'tv\.procoro\.ca',
+        r'tv\.realcastmedia\.net',
+        r'tv\.fringetheatre\.ca',
+        r'video\.haisla\.ca',
+        r'video\.hockeycanada\.ca',
+        r'video\.huuayaht\.org',
+        r'video\.turningpointensemble\.ca',
+        r'videos\.livingworks\.net',
+        r'videos\.telusworldofscienceedmonton\.ca',
+        r'watch\.binghamtonbulldogs\.com',
+        r'watch\.rekindle\.tv',
+        r'watch\.wpca\.com',
+    ]
+    _VALID_URL = rf'https?://(?:{"|".join(_DOMAINS_RE)})/[a-z]{{2}}(?:-[a-z]{{2}})?/c/[\w-]+\.(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://video.hockeycanada.ca/en/c/nwt-micd-up-with-jamie-lee-rattray.107486',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        # m3u8 + https
+        'url': 'https://video.hockeycanada.ca/en-us/c/nwt-micd-up-with-jamie-lee-rattray.107486',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '107486',
+            'title': 'NWT: Mic’d up with Jamie Lee Rattray',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'duration': 115,
+            'timestamp': 1634310409,
+            'upload_date': '20211015',
+            'tags': ['English', '2021', "National Women's Team"],
+            'description': 'md5:efb1cf6165b48cc3f5555c4262dd5b23',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://wpmedia01-a\.akamaihd\.net/en/asset/public/image/.+',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': True},
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://video.hockeycanada.ca/en/c/mwc-remembering-the-wild-ride-in-riga.112307',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '112307',
+            'title': 'MWC: Remembering the wild ride in Riga',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'duration': 322,
+            'timestamp': 1716235607,
+            'upload_date': '20240520',
+            'tags': ['English', '2024', "National Men's Team", 'IIHF World Championship', 'Fan'],
+            'description': r're:.+Canada’s National Men’s Team.+',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://wpmedia01-a\.akamaihd\.net/en/asset/public/image/.+',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': True},
+    }, {
+        # the same video in French
+        'url': 'https://video.hockeycanada.ca/fr/c/cmm-retour-sur-un-parcours-endiable-a-riga.112304',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '112304',
+            'title': 'CMM : Retour sur un parcours endiablé à Riga',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'duration': 322,
+            'timestamp': 1716235545,
+            'upload_date': '20240520',
+            'tags': ['French', '2024', "National Men's Team", 'IIHF World Championship', 'Fan'],
+            'description': 'md5:cf825222882a3dab1cd62cffcf3b4d1f',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://wpmedia01-a\.akamaihd\.net/en/asset/public/image/.+',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': True},
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://myfbcgreenville.vidflex.tv/en/c/may-12th-2024.658',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.figureitoutbaseball.com/en/c/fiob-podcast-14-dan-bertolini-ncaa-d1-head-coach-recorded-11-29-2018.1367',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://videos.telusworldofscienceedmonton.ca/en/c/the-aurora-project-timelapse-4.577',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.tuffhedemantv.com/en/c/2022-tuff-hedeman-tour-hobbs-nm-january-22.227',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.albertalacrossetv.com/en/c/up-floor-ground-balls-one-more.3449',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.silenticetv.com/en/c/jp-unlocked-day-in-the-life-of-langley-ha-15u.5197',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://jphl.vidflex.tv/en/c/jp-unlocked-day-in-the-life-of-langley-ha-15u.5197',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+
+        data_url = self._html_search_regex(
+            r'content_api:\s*(["\'])(?P<url>https?://(?:(?!\1).)+)\1', webpage, 'content api url', group='url')
+        media_config = traverse_obj(
+            self._download_json(data_url, video_id),
+            ('config', {base64.b64decode}, {bytes.decode}, {json.loads}, {dict}))
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'formats': list(self._yield_formats(media_config, video_id)),
+            **self._search_json_ld(
+                webpage.replace('/*<![CDATA[*/', '').replace('/*]]>*/', ''), video_id),
+        }
+
+    def _yield_formats(self, media_config, video_id):
+        for media_source in traverse_obj(media_config, ('media', 'source', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['src']))):
+            media_url = media_source['src']
+            media_type = mimetype2ext(media_source.get('type'))
+
+            if media_type == 'm3u8':
+                yield from self._extract_m3u8_formats(media_url, video_id, fatal=False, m3u8_id='hls')
+            elif media_type == 'mp4':
+                bitrate = self._search_regex(r'_(\d+)k\.mp4', media_url, 'bitrate', default=None)
+                yield {
+                    'format_id': join_nonempty('http', bitrate),
+                    'url': media_url,
+                    'ext': 'mp4',
+                    'tbr': int_or_none(bitrate),
+                }
+            else:
+                yield {
+                    'url': media_url,
+                    'ext': media_type,
+                }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/vidyard.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/vidyard.py
index 20a54b161..2f6d1f4c5 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/vidyard.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/vidyard.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import functools
 import re
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
@@ -72,9 +71,9 @@ class VidyardBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'id': ('facadeUuid', {str}),
                 'display_id': ('videoId', {int}, {str_or_none}),
                 'title': ('name', {str}),
-                'description': ('description', {str}, {unescapeHTML}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'description': ('description', {str}, {unescapeHTML}, filter),
                 'duration': ((
-                    ('milliseconds', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                    ('milliseconds', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                     ('seconds', {int_or_none})), any),
                 'thumbnails': ('thumbnailUrls', ('small', 'normal'), {'url': {url_or_none}}),
                 'tags': ('tags', ..., 'name', {str}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/vimeo.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/vimeo.py
index a20cf4b17..0ed7b9ec1 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/vimeo.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/vimeo.py
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ from ..utils import (
     parse_filesize,
     parse_iso8601,
     parse_qs,
+    qualities,
     smuggle_url,
     str_or_none,
     traverse_obj,
@@ -146,6 +147,8 @@ class VimeoBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
             })
 
         # TODO: fix handling of 308 status code returned for live archive manifest requests
+        QUALITIES = ('low', 'medium', 'high')
+        quality = qualities(QUALITIES)
         sep_pattern = r'/sep/video/'
         for files_type in ('hls', 'dash'):
             for cdn_name, cdn_data in (try_get(config_files, lambda x: x[files_type]['cdns']) or {}).items():
@@ -166,6 +169,11 @@ class VimeoBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
                             m_url, video_id, 'mp4', live=is_live, m3u8_id=f_id,
                             note=f'Downloading {cdn_name} m3u8 information',
                             fatal=False)
+                        # m3u8 doesn't give audio bitrates; need to prioritize based on GROUP-ID
+                        # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10854
+                        for f in fmts:
+                            if mobj := re.search(rf'audio-({"|".join(QUALITIES)})', f['format_id']):
+                                f['quality'] = quality(mobj.group(1))
                         formats.extend(fmts)
                         self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
                     elif files_type == 'dash':
@@ -234,13 +242,30 @@ class VimeoBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
             '_format_sort_fields': ('quality', 'res', 'fps', 'hdr:12', 'source'),
         }
 
-    def _extract_original_format(self, url, video_id, unlisted_hash=None):
+    def _call_videos_api(self, video_id, jwt_token, unlisted_hash=None, **kwargs):
+        return self._download_json(
+            join_nonempty(f'https://api.vimeo.com/videos/{video_id}', unlisted_hash, delim=':'),
+            video_id, 'Downloading API JSON', headers={
+                'Authorization': f'jwt {jwt_token}',
+                'Accept': 'application/json',
+            }, query={
+                'fields': ','.join((
+                    'config_url', 'created_time', 'description', 'download', 'license',
+                    'metadata.connections.comments.total', 'metadata.connections.likes.total',
+                    'release_time', 'stats.plays')),
+            }, **kwargs)
+
+    def _extract_original_format(self, url, video_id, unlisted_hash=None, jwt=None, api_data=None):
+        # Original/source formats are only available when logged in
+        if not self._get_cookies('https://vimeo.com/').get('vimeo'):
+            return
+
         query = {'action': 'load_download_config'}
         if unlisted_hash:
             query['unlisted_hash'] = unlisted_hash
         download_data = self._download_json(
-            url, video_id, fatal=False, query=query,
-            headers={'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest'},
+            url, video_id, 'Loading download config JSON', fatal=False,
+            query=query, headers={'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest'},
             expected_status=(403, 404)) or {}
         source_file = download_data.get('source_file')
         download_url = try_get(source_file, lambda x: x['download_url'])
@@ -261,15 +286,13 @@ class VimeoBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
                     'quality': 1,
                 }
 
-        jwt_response = self._download_json(
-            'https://vimeo.com/_rv/viewer', video_id, note='Downloading jwt token', fatal=False) or {}
-        if not jwt_response.get('jwt'):
+        jwt = jwt or traverse_obj(self._download_json(
+            'https://vimeo.com/_rv/viewer', video_id, 'Downloading jwt token', fatal=False), ('jwt', {str}))
+        if not jwt:
             return
-        headers = {'Authorization': 'jwt {}'.format(jwt_response['jwt']), 'Accept': 'application/json'}
-        original_response = self._download_json(
-            f'https://api.vimeo.com/videos/{video_id}', video_id,
-            headers=headers, fatal=False, expected_status=(403, 404)) or {}
-        for download_data in original_response.get('download') or []:
+        original_response = api_data or self._call_videos_api(
+            video_id, jwt, unlisted_hash, fatal=False, expected_status=(403, 404))
+        for download_data in traverse_obj(original_response, ('download', ..., {dict})):
             download_url = download_data.get('link')
             if not download_url or download_data.get('quality') != 'source':
                 continue
@@ -354,7 +377,7 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
             'skip': 'No longer available',
         },
         {
-            'url': 'http://player.vimeo.com/video/54469442',
+            'url': 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/54469442',
             'md5': '619b811a4417aa4abe78dc653becf511',
             'note': 'Videos that embed the url in the player page',
             'info_dict': {
@@ -370,6 +393,7 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
             'params': {
                 'format': 'best[protocol=https]',
             },
+            'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
         },
         {
             'url': 'http://vimeo.com/68375962',
@@ -379,22 +403,23 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'id': '68375962',
                 'ext': 'mp4',
                 'title': 'youtube-dl password protected test video',
-                'timestamp': 1371200155,
+                'timestamp': 1371214555,
                 'upload_date': '20130614',
+                'release_timestamp': 1371214555,
+                'release_date': '20130614',
                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?vimeo\.com/user18948128',
                 'uploader_id': 'user18948128',
                 'uploader': 'Jaime Marquínez Ferrándiz',
                 'duration': 10,
-                'description': 'md5:6173f270cd0c0119f22817204b3eb86c',
-                'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/440665496-b2c5aee2b61089442c794f64113a8e8f7d5763c3e6b3ebfaf696ae6413f8b1f4-d_1280',
-                'view_count': int,
                 'comment_count': int,
                 'like_count': int,
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/440665496-b2c5aee2b61089442c794f64113a8e8f7d5763c3e6b3ebfaf696ae6413f8b1f4-d_1280',
             },
             'params': {
                 'format': 'best[protocol=https]',
                 'videopassword': 'youtube-dl',
             },
+            'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
         },
         {
             'url': 'http://vimeo.com/channels/keypeele/75629013',
@@ -418,29 +443,38 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'like_count': int,
             },
             'params': {'format': 'http-1080p'},
+            'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
         },
         {
             'url': 'http://vimeo.com/76979871',
             'note': 'Video with subtitles',
             'info_dict': {
                 'id': '76979871',
-                'ext': 'mov',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
                 'title': 'The New Vimeo Player (You Know, For Videos)',
-                'description': 'md5:2ec900bf97c3f389378a96aee11260ea',
-                'timestamp': 1381846109,
+                'description': str,  # FIXME: Dynamic SEO spam description
+                'timestamp': 1381860509,
                 'upload_date': '20131015',
+                'release_timestamp': 1381860509,
+                'release_date': '20131015',
                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?vimeo\.com/staff',
                 'uploader_id': 'staff',
-                'uploader': 'Vimeo Staff',
+                'uploader': 'Vimeo',
                 'duration': 62,
+                'comment_count': int,
+                'like_count': int,
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/452001751-8216e0571c251a09d7a8387550942d89f7f86f6398f8ed886e639b0dd50d3c90-d_1280',
                 'subtitles': {
-                    'de': [{'ext': 'vtt'}],
-                    'en': [{'ext': 'vtt'}],
-                    'es': [{'ext': 'vtt'}],
-                    'fr': [{'ext': 'vtt'}],
+                    'de': 'count:3',
+                    'en': 'count:3',
+                    'es': 'count:3',
+                    'fr': 'count:3',
                 },
             },
-            'expected_warnings': ['Ignoring subtitle tracks found in the HLS manifest'],
+            'expected_warnings': [
+                'Ignoring subtitle tracks found in the HLS manifest',
+                'Failed to parse XML: not well-formed',
+            ],
         },
         {
             # from https://www.ouya.tv/game/Pier-Solar-and-the-Great-Architects/
@@ -456,11 +490,12 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'duration': 118,
                 'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/478636036-c18440305ef3df9decfb6bf207a61fe39d2d17fa462a96f6f2d93d30492b037d-d_1280',
             },
+            'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
         },
         {
-            # contains original format
+            # contains Original format
             'url': 'https://vimeo.com/33951933',
-            'md5': '53c688fa95a55bf4b7293d37a89c5c53',
+            # 'md5': '53c688fa95a55bf4b7293d37a89c5c53',
             'info_dict': {
                 'id': '33951933',
                 'ext': 'mp4',
@@ -476,15 +511,19 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'view_count': int,
                 'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/231174622-dd07f015e9221ff529d451e1cc31c982b5d87bfafa48c4189b1da72824ee289a-d_1280',
                 'like_count': int,
+                'tags': 'count:11',
             },
+            # 'params': {'format': 'Original'},
+            'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
         },
         {
-            'note': 'Contains original format not accessible in webpage',
+            'note': 'Contains source format not accessible in webpage',
             'url': 'https://vimeo.com/393756517',
-            'md5': 'c464af248b592190a5ffbb5d33f382b0',
+            # 'md5': 'c464af248b592190a5ffbb5d33f382b0',
             'info_dict': {
                 'id': '393756517',
-                'ext': 'mov',
+                # 'ext': 'mov',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
                 'timestamp': 1582642091,
                 'uploader_id': 'frameworkla',
                 'title': 'Straight To Hell - Sabrina: Netflix',
@@ -495,6 +534,8 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/859377297-836494a4ef775e9d4edbace83937d9ad34dc846c688c0c419c0e87f7ab06c4b3-d_1280',
                 'uploader_url': 'https://vimeo.com/frameworkla',
             },
+            # 'params': {'format': 'source'},
+            'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
         },
         {
             # only available via https://vimeo.com/channels/tributes/6213729 and
@@ -511,16 +552,18 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'channel_id': 'tributes',
                 'timestamp': 1250886430,
                 'upload_date': '20090821',
-                'description': 'md5:bdbf314014e58713e6e5b66eb252f4a6',
+                'description': str,  # FIXME: Dynamic SEO spam description
                 'duration': 321,
                 'comment_count': int,
                 'view_count': int,
                 'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/22728298-bfc22146f930de7cf497821c7b0b9f168099201ecca39b00b6bd31fcedfca7a6-d_1280',
                 'like_count': int,
+                'tags': ['[the shining', 'vimeohq', 'cv', 'vimeo tribute]'],
             },
             'params': {
                 'skip_download': True,
             },
+            'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
         },
         {
             # redirects to ondemand extractor and should be passed through it
@@ -543,28 +586,23 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
             'skip': 'this page is no longer available.',
         },
         {
-            'url': 'http://player.vimeo.com/video/68375962',
+            'url': 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/68375962',
             'md5': 'aaf896bdb7ddd6476df50007a0ac0ae7',
             'info_dict': {
                 'id': '68375962',
                 'ext': 'mp4',
                 'title': 'youtube-dl password protected test video',
-                'timestamp': 1371200155,
-                'upload_date': '20130614',
                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?vimeo\.com/user18948128',
                 'uploader_id': 'user18948128',
                 'uploader': 'Jaime Marquínez Ferrándiz',
                 'duration': 10,
-                'description': 'md5:6173f270cd0c0119f22817204b3eb86c',
                 'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/440665496-b2c5aee2b61089442c794f64113a8e8f7d5763c3e6b3ebfaf696ae6413f8b1f4-d_1280',
-                'view_count': int,
-                'comment_count': int,
-                'like_count': int,
             },
             'params': {
                 'format': 'best[protocol=https]',
                 'videopassword': 'youtube-dl',
             },
+            'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
         },
         {
             'url': 'http://vimeo.com/moogaloop.swf?clip_id=2539741',
@@ -592,7 +630,7 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'title': "youtube-dl test video '' ä↭𝕐-BaW jenozKc",
                 'uploader': 'Philipp Hagemeister',
                 'uploader_id': 'user20132939',
-                'description': 'md5:fa7b6c6d8db0bdc353893df2f111855b',
+                'description': str,  # FIXME: Dynamic SEO spam description
                 'upload_date': '20150209',
                 'timestamp': 1423518307,
                 'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/default_1280',
@@ -606,6 +644,7 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'format': 'best[protocol=https]',
                 'videopassword': 'youtube-dl',
             },
+            'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
         },
         {
             # source file returns 403: Forbidden
@@ -633,11 +672,13 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'release_date': '20160329',
             },
             'params': {'skip_download': True},
+            'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
         },
         {
             'url': 'https://vimeo.com/138909882',
             'info_dict': {
                 'id': '138909882',
+                # 'ext': 'm4v',
                 'ext': 'mp4',
                 'title': 'Eastnor Castle 2015 Firework Champions - The Promo!',
                 'description': 'md5:5967e090768a831488f6e74b7821b3c1',
@@ -645,11 +686,19 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'uploader': 'Firework Champions',
                 'upload_date': '20150910',
                 'timestamp': 1441901895,
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/534715882-6ff8e4660cbf2fea68282876d8d44f318825dfe572cc4016e73b3266eac8ae3a-d_1280',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://vimeo.com/fireworkchampions',
+                'tags': 'count:6',
+                'duration': 229,
+                'view_count': int,
+                'like_count': int,
+                'comment_count': int,
             },
             'params': {
                 'skip_download': True,
-                'format': 'Original',
+                # 'format': 'source',
             },
+            'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
         },
         {
             'url': 'https://vimeo.com/channels/staffpicks/143603739',
@@ -670,8 +719,10 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'like_count': int,
                 'uploader_url': 'https://vimeo.com/karimhd',
                 'channel_url': 'https://vimeo.com/channels/staffpicks',
+                'tags': 'count:6',
             },
             'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+            'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
         },
         {
             # requires passing unlisted_hash(a52724358e) to load_download_config request
@@ -701,6 +752,7 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
             'params': {
                 'skip_download': True,
             },
+            'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
         },
         {
             # chapters must be sorted, see: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/5308
@@ -735,6 +787,48 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
             },
             'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
         },
+        {
+            # vimeo.com URL with unlisted hash and Original format
+            'url': 'https://vimeo.com/144579403/ec02229140',
+            # 'md5': '6b662c2884e0373183fbde2a0d15cb78',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '144579403',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'SALESMANSHIP',
+                'description': 'md5:4338302f347a1ff8841b4a3aecaa09f0',
+                'uploader': 'Off the Picture Pictures',
+                'uploader_id': 'offthepicturepictures',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://vimeo.com/offthepicturepictures',
+                'duration': 669,
+                'upload_date': '20151104',
+                'timestamp': 1446607180,
+                'release_date': '20151104',
+                'release_timestamp': 1446607180,
+                'like_count': int,
+                'view_count': int,
+                'comment_count': int,
+                'thumbnail': r're:https://i\.vimeocdn\.com/video/1018638656-[\da-f]+-d_1280',
+            },
+            # 'params': {'format': 'Original'},
+            'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
+        },
+        {
+            # player.vimeo.com URL with source format
+            'url': 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/859028877',
+            # 'md5': '19ca3d2463441dee2d2f0671ac2916a2',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '859028877',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'Ariana Grande - Honeymoon Avenue (Live from London)',
+                'uploader': 'Raja Virdi',
+                'uploader_id': 'rajavirdi',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://vimeo.com/rajavirdi',
+                'duration': 309,
+                'thumbnail': r're:https://i\.vimeocdn\.com/video/1716727772-[\da-f]+-d_1280',
+            },
+            # 'params': {'format': 'source'},
+            'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
+        },
         {
             # user playlist alias -> https://vimeo.com/258705797
             'url': 'https://vimeo.com/user26785108/newspiritualguide',
@@ -768,16 +862,6 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
             raise ExtractorError('Wrong video password', expected=True)
         return checked
 
-    def _call_videos_api(self, video_id, jwt_token, unlisted_hash=None):
-        return self._download_json(
-            join_nonempty(f'https://api.vimeo.com/videos/{video_id}', unlisted_hash, delim=':'),
-            video_id, 'Downloading API JSON', headers={
-                'Authorization': f'jwt {jwt_token}',
-                'Accept': 'application/json',
-            }, query={
-                'fields': 'config_url,created_time,description,license,metadata.connections.comments.total,metadata.connections.likes.total,release_time,stats.plays',
-            })
-
     def _extract_from_api(self, video_id, unlisted_hash=None):
         viewer = self._download_json(
             'https://vimeo.com/_next/viewer', video_id, 'Downloading viewer info')
@@ -785,11 +869,12 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
         for retry in (False, True):
             try:
                 video = self._call_videos_api(video_id, viewer['jwt'], unlisted_hash)
+                break
             except ExtractorError as e:
                 if (not retry and isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 400
                     and 'password' in traverse_obj(
-                        e.cause.response.read(),
-                        ({bytes.decode}, {json.loads}, 'invalid_parameters', ..., 'field'),
+                        self._webpage_read_content(e.cause.response, e.cause.response.url, video_id, fatal=False),
+                        ({json.loads}, 'invalid_parameters', ..., 'field'),
                 )):
                     self._verify_video_password(
                         video_id, self._get_video_password(), viewer['xsrft'])
@@ -798,6 +883,11 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
 
         info = self._parse_config(self._download_json(
             video['config_url'], video_id), video_id)
+        source_format = self._extract_original_format(
+            f'https://vimeo.com/{video_id}', video_id, unlisted_hash, jwt=viewer['jwt'], api_data=video)
+        if source_format:
+            info['formats'].append(source_format)
+
         get_timestamp = lambda x: parse_iso8601(video.get(x + '_time'))
         info.update({
             'description': video.get('description'),
@@ -899,7 +989,12 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
             if config.get('view') == 4:
                 config = self._verify_player_video_password(
                     redirect_url, video_id, headers)
-            return self._parse_config(config, video_id)
+            info = self._parse_config(config, video_id)
+            source_format = self._extract_original_format(
+                f'https://vimeo.com/{video_id}', video_id, unlisted_hash)
+            if source_format:
+                info['formats'].append(source_format)
+            return info
 
         vimeo_config = self._extract_vimeo_config(webpage, video_id, default=None)
         if vimeo_config:
@@ -1269,6 +1364,20 @@ class VimeoReviewIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
     IE_DESC = 'Review pages on vimeo'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://vimeo\.com/(?P<user>[^/?#]+)/review/(?P<id>\d+)/(?P<hash>[\da-f]{10})'
     _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://vimeo.com/user170863801/review/996447483/a316d6ed8d',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '996447483',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Rodeo day 1-_2',
+            'uploader': 'BROADKAST',
+            'uploader_id': 'user170863801',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://vimeo.com/user170863801',
+            'duration': 30,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/1912612821-09a43bd2e75c203d503aed89de7534f28fc4474a48f59c51999716931a246af5-d_1280',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+        'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML'],
+    }, {
         'url': 'https://vimeo.com/user21297594/review/75524534/3c257a1b5d',
         'md5': 'c507a72f780cacc12b2248bb4006d253',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -1282,6 +1391,7 @@ class VimeoReviewIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
             'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/450115033-43303819d9ebe24c2630352e18b7056d25197d09b3ae901abdac4c4f1d68de71-d_1280',
             'uploader_url': 'https://vimeo.com/user21297594',
         },
+        'skip': '404 Not Found',
     }, {
         'note': 'video player needs Referer',
         'url': 'https://vimeo.com/user22258446/review/91613211/13f927e053',
@@ -1316,6 +1426,7 @@ class VimeoReviewIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
         user, video_id, review_hash = self._match_valid_url(url).group('user', 'id', 'hash')
         data_url = f'https://vimeo.com/{user}/review/data/{video_id}/{review_hash}'
         data = self._download_json(data_url, video_id)
+        viewer = {}
         if data.get('isLocked') is True:
             video_password = self._get_video_password()
             viewer = self._download_json(
@@ -1327,8 +1438,8 @@ class VimeoReviewIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
         config = self._download_json(config_url, video_id)
         info_dict = self._parse_config(config, video_id)
         source_format = self._extract_original_format(
-            f'https://vimeo.com/{user}/review/{video_id}/{review_hash}/action', video_id,
-            unlisted_hash=traverse_obj(config_url, ({parse_qs}, 'h', -1)))
+            f'https://vimeo.com/{user}/review/{video_id}/{review_hash}/action',
+            video_id, unlisted_hash=clip_data.get('unlistedHash'), jwt=viewer.get('jwt'))
         if source_format:
             info_dict['formats'].append(source_format)
         info_dict['description'] = clean_html(clip_data.get('description'))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/viu.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/viu.py
index 01e59352b..f4ed96bf6 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/viu.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/viu.py
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ class ViuIE(ViuBaseIE):
         formats, subtitles = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(m3u8_url, video_id, 'mp4')
 
         for key, value in video_data.items():
-            mobj = re.match(r'^subtitle_(?P<lang>[^_]+)_(?P<ext>(vtt|srt))', key)
+            mobj = re.match(r'subtitle_(?P<lang>[^_]+)_(?P<ext>(vtt|srt))', key)
             if not mobj:
                 continue
             subtitles.setdefault(mobj.group('lang'), []).append({
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/vk.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/vk.py
index 6ccc701a2..4b36e41ff 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/vk.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/vk.py
@@ -17,10 +17,10 @@ from ..utils import (
     get_element_html_by_id,
     int_or_none,
     join_nonempty,
+    parse_qs,
     parse_resolution,
     str_or_none,
     str_to_int,
-    traverse_obj,
     try_call,
     unescapeHTML,
     unified_timestamp,
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ from ..utils import (
     urlencode_postdata,
     urljoin,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import require, traverse_obj
 
 
 class VKBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -91,17 +92,17 @@ class VKBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
 class VKIE(VKBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'vk'
     IE_DESC = 'VK'
-    _EMBED_REGEX = [r'<iframe[^>]+?src=(["\'])(?P<url>https?://vk\.com/video_ext\.php.+?)\1']
+    _EMBED_REGEX = [r'<iframe[^>]+?src=(["\'])(?P<url>https?://vk(?:(?:video)?\.ru|\.com)/video_ext\.php.+?)\1']
     _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
                     https?://
                         (?:
                             (?:
-                                (?:(?:m|new)\.)?vk\.com/video_|
+                                (?:(?:m|new)\.)?vk(?:(?:video)?\.ru|\.com)/video_|
                                 (?:www\.)?daxab\.com/
                             )
                             ext\.php\?(?P<embed_query>.*?\boid=(?P<oid>-?\d+).*?\bid=(?P<id>\d+).*)|
                             (?:
-                                (?:(?:m|new)\.)?vk\.com/(?:.+?\?.*?z=)?(?:video|clip)|
+                                (?:(?:m|new)\.)?vk(?:(?:video)?\.ru|\.com)/(?:.+?\?.*?z=)?(?:video|clip)|
                                 (?:www\.)?daxab\.com/embed/
                             )
                             (?P<videoid>-?\d+_\d+)(?:.*\blist=(?P<list_id>([\da-f]+)|(ln-[\da-zA-Z]+)))?
@@ -110,7 +111,7 @@ class VKIE(VKBaseIE):
 
     _TESTS = [
         {
-            'url': 'http://vk.com/videos-77521?z=video-77521_162222515%2Fclub77521',
+            'url': 'https://vk.com/videos-77521?z=video-77521_162222515%2Fclub77521',
             'info_dict': {
                 'id': '-77521_162222515',
                 'ext': 'mp4',
@@ -127,7 +128,7 @@ class VKIE(VKBaseIE):
             'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
         },
         {
-            'url': 'http://vk.com/video205387401_165548505',
+            'url': 'https://vk.com/video205387401_165548505',
             'info_dict': {
                 'id': '205387401_165548505',
                 'ext': 'mp4',
@@ -182,10 +183,10 @@ class VKIE(VKBaseIE):
                 'ext': 'mp4',
                 'title': "DSWD Awards 'Children's Joy Foundation, Inc.' Certificate of Registration and License to Operate",
                 'description': 'md5:bf9c26cfa4acdfb146362682edd3827a',
-                'duration': 178,
+                'duration': 179,
                 'upload_date': '20130117',
                 'uploader': "Children's Joy Foundation Inc.",
-                'uploader_id': 'thecjf',
+                'uploader_id': '@CJFIofficial',
                 'view_count': int,
                 'channel_id': 'UCgzCNQ11TmR9V97ECnhi3gw',
                 'availability': 'public',
@@ -193,7 +194,7 @@ class VKIE(VKBaseIE):
                 'live_status': 'not_live',
                 'playable_in_embed': True,
                 'channel': 'Children\'s Joy Foundation Inc.',
-                'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/user/thecjf',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@CJFIofficial',
                 'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+\.jpg$',
                 'tags': 'count:27',
                 'start_time': 0.0,
@@ -201,6 +202,7 @@ class VKIE(VKBaseIE):
                 'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCgzCNQ11TmR9V97ECnhi3gw',
                 'channel_follower_count': int,
                 'age_limit': 0,
+                'timestamp': 1358394935,
             },
         },
         {
@@ -222,6 +224,7 @@ class VKIE(VKBaseIE):
                 'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+x1080$',
                 'tags': list,
             },
+            'skip': 'This video has been deleted and is no longer available.',
         },
         {
             'url': 'https://vk.com/clips-74006511?z=clip-74006511_456247211',
@@ -235,13 +238,13 @@ class VKIE(VKBaseIE):
                 'timestamp': 1664995597,
                 'title': 'Clip by @madempress',
                 'upload_date': '20221005',
-                'uploader': 'Шальная императрица',
+                'uploader': 'Шальная Императрица',
                 'uploader_id': '-74006511',
             },
         },
         {
             # video key is extra_data not url\d+
-            'url': 'http://vk.com/video-110305615_171782105',
+            'url': 'https://vk.com/video-110305615_171782105',
             'md5': 'e13fcda136f99764872e739d13fac1d1',
             'info_dict': {
                 'id': '-110305615_171782105',
@@ -273,6 +276,7 @@ class VKIE(VKBaseIE):
             'params': {
                 'skip_download': True,
             },
+            'skip': 'No formats found',
         },
         {
             # live stream, hls and rtmp links, most likely already finished live
@@ -312,7 +316,16 @@ class VKIE(VKBaseIE):
         {
             'url': 'https://vk.com/clip30014565_456240946',
             'only_matching': True,
-        }]
+        },
+        {
+            'url': 'https://vkvideo.ru/video-127553155_456242961',
+            'only_matching': True,
+        },
+        {
+            'url': 'https://vk.ru/video-220754053_456242564',
+            'only_matching': True,
+        },
+    ]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         mobj = self._match_valid_url(url)
@@ -338,7 +351,7 @@ class VKIE(VKBaseIE):
             video_id = '{}_{}'.format(mobj.group('oid'), mobj.group('id'))
 
             info_page = self._download_webpage(
-                'http://vk.com/video_ext.php?' + mobj.group('embed_query'), video_id)
+                'https://vk.com/video_ext.php?' + mobj.group('embed_query'), video_id)
 
             error_message = self._html_search_regex(
                 [r'(?s)<!><div[^>]+class="video_layer_message"[^>]*>(.+?)</div>',
@@ -432,7 +445,7 @@ class VKIE(VKBaseIE):
             if m_opts_url:
                 opts_url = m_opts_url.group(1)
                 if opts_url.startswith('//'):
-                    opts_url = 'http:' + opts_url
+                    opts_url = 'https:' + opts_url
                 return self.url_result(opts_url)
 
         data = player['params'][0]
@@ -512,8 +525,11 @@ class VKIE(VKBaseIE):
 class VKUserVideosIE(VKBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'vk:uservideos'
     IE_DESC = "VK - User's Videos"
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:(?:m|new)\.)?vk\.com/video/(?:playlist/)?(?P<id>[^?$#/&]+)(?!\?.*\bz=video)(?:[/?#&](?:.*?\bsection=(?P<section>\w+))?|$)'
-    _TEMPLATE_URL = 'https://vk.com/videos'
+    _BASE_URL_RE = r'https?://(?:(?:m|new)\.)?vk(?:video\.ru|\.com/video)'
+    _VALID_URL = [
+        rf'{_BASE_URL_RE}/playlist/(?P<id>-?\d+_\d+)',
+        rf'{_BASE_URL_RE}/(?P<id>@[^/?#]+)(?:/all)?/?(?!\?.*\bz=video)(?:[?#]|$)',
+    ]
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://vk.com/video/@mobidevices',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -527,12 +543,20 @@ class VKUserVideosIE(VKBaseIE):
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 182,
     }, {
-        'url': 'https://vk.com/video/playlist/-174476437_2',
+        'url': 'https://vkvideo.ru/playlist/-204353299_426',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '-174476437_playlist_2',
-            'title': 'Анонсы',
+            'id': '-204353299_playlist_426',
         },
-        'playlist_mincount': 108,
+        'playlist_mincount': 33,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://vk.com/video/@gorkyfilmstudio/all',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://vkvideo.ru/@mobidevices',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://vk.com/video/playlist/-174476437_2',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
     _VIDEO = collections.namedtuple('Video', ['owner_id', 'id'])
 
@@ -552,7 +576,7 @@ class VKUserVideosIE(VKBaseIE):
                 v = self._VIDEO._make(video[:2])
                 video_id = '%d_%d' % (v.owner_id, v.id)
                 yield self.url_result(
-                    'http://vk.com/video' + video_id, VKIE.ie_key(), video_id)
+                    'https://vk.com/video' + video_id, VKIE.ie_key(), video_id)
             if count >= total:
                 break
             video_list_json = self._download_payload('al_video', page_id, {
@@ -561,23 +585,25 @@ class VKUserVideosIE(VKBaseIE):
                 'oid': page_id,
                 'section': section,
             })[0][section]
-            count += video_list_json['count']
+            new_count = video_list_json['count']
+            if not new_count:
+                self.to_screen(f'{page_id}: Skipping {total - count} unavailable videos')
+                break
+            count += new_count
             video_list = video_list_json['list']
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        u_id, section = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
+        u_id = self._match_id(url)
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, u_id)
 
         if u_id.startswith('@'):
-            page_id = self._search_regex(r'data-owner-id\s?=\s?"([^"]+)"', webpage, 'page_id')
-        elif '_' in u_id:
-            page_id, section = u_id.split('_', 1)
-            section = f'playlist_{section}'
+            page_id = traverse_obj(
+                self._search_json(r'\bvar newCur\s*=', webpage, 'cursor data', u_id),
+                ('oid', {int}, {str_or_none}, {require('page id')}))
+            section = traverse_obj(parse_qs(url), ('section', 0)) or 'all'
         else:
-            raise ExtractorError('Invalid URL', expected=True)
-
-        if not section:
-            section = 'all'
+            page_id, _, section = u_id.partition('_')
+            section = f'playlist_{section}'
 
         playlist_title = clean_html(get_element_by_class('VideoInfoPanel__title', webpage))
         return self.playlist_result(self._entries(page_id, section), f'{page_id}_{section}', playlist_title)
@@ -717,7 +743,7 @@ class VKWallPostIE(VKBaseIE):
 
 
 class VKPlayBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _BASE_URL_RE = r'https?://(?:vkplay\.live|live\.vkplay\.ru)/'
+    _BASE_URL_RE = r'https?://(?:vkplay\.live|live\.vk(?:play|video)\.ru)/'
     _RESOLUTIONS = {
         'tiny': '256x144',
         'lowest': '426x240',
@@ -797,6 +823,9 @@ class VKPlayIE(VKPlayBaseIE):
     }, {
         'url': 'https://live.vkplay.ru/lebwa/record/33a4e4ce-e3ef-49db-bb14-f006cc6fabc9/records',
         'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://live.vkvideo.ru/lebwa/record/33a4e4ce-e3ef-49db-bb14-f006cc6fabc9/records',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
@@ -839,6 +868,9 @@ class VKPlayLiveIE(VKPlayBaseIE):
     }, {
         'url': 'https://live.vkplay.ru/lebwa',
         'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://live.vkvideo.ru/panterka',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/vrt.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/vrt.py
index 33ff57475..9345ca962 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/vrt.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/vrt.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import functools
 import json
 import time
 import urllib.parse
@@ -171,7 +170,7 @@ class VRTIE(VRTBaseIE):
             **traverse_obj(data, {
                 'title': ('title', {str}),
                 'description': ('shortDescription', {str}),
-                'duration': ('duration', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'thumbnail': ('posterImageUrl', {url_or_none}),
             }),
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/weibo.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/weibo.py
index b5c0e926f..e632858e5 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/weibo.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/weibo.py
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ class WeiboBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'format': ('quality_desc', {str}),
                 'format_id': ('label', {str}),
                 'ext': ('mime', {mimetype2ext}),
-                'tbr': ('bitrate', {int_or_none}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'tbr': ('bitrate', {int_or_none}, filter),
                 'vcodec': ('video_codecs', {str}),
                 'fps': ('fps', {int_or_none}),
                 'width': ('width', {int_or_none}),
@@ -107,14 +107,14 @@ class WeiboBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
             **traverse_obj(video_info, {
                 'id': (('id', 'id_str', 'mid'), {str_or_none}),
                 'display_id': ('mblogid', {str_or_none}),
-                'title': ('page_info', 'media_info', ('video_title', 'kol_title', 'name'), {str}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'title': ('page_info', 'media_info', ('video_title', 'kol_title', 'name'), {str}, filter),
                 'description': ('text_raw', {str}),
                 'duration': ('page_info', 'media_info', 'duration', {int_or_none}),
                 'timestamp': ('page_info', 'media_info', 'video_publish_time', {int_or_none}),
                 'thumbnail': ('page_info', 'page_pic', {url_or_none}),
                 'uploader': ('user', 'screen_name', {str}),
                 'uploader_id': ('user', ('id', 'id_str'), {str_or_none}),
-                'uploader_url': ('user', 'profile_url', {lambda x: urljoin('https://weibo.com/', x)}),
+                'uploader_url': ('user', 'profile_url', {urljoin('https://weibo.com/')}),
                 'view_count': ('page_info', 'media_info', 'online_users_number', {int_or_none}),
                 'like_count': ('attitudes_count', {int_or_none}),
                 'repost_count': ('reposts_count', {int_or_none}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/weverse.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/weverse.py
index c94ca9db9..53ad1100d 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/weverse.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/weverse.py
@@ -27,8 +27,9 @@ from ..utils import (
 
 class WeverseBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
     _NETRC_MACHINE = 'weverse'
-    _ACCOUNT_API_BASE = 'https://accountapi.weverse.io/web/api/v2'
+    _ACCOUNT_API_BASE = 'https://accountapi.weverse.io/web/api'
     _API_HEADERS = {
+        'Accept': 'application/json',
         'Referer': 'https://weverse.io/',
         'WEV-device-Id': str(uuid.uuid4()),
     }
@@ -39,14 +40,14 @@ class WeverseBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
 
         headers = {
             'x-acc-app-secret': '5419526f1c624b38b10787e5c10b2a7a',
-            'x-acc-app-version': '2.2.6',
+            'x-acc-app-version': '3.3.6',
             'x-acc-language': 'en',
             'x-acc-service-id': 'weverse',
             'x-acc-trace-id': str(uuid.uuid4()),
             'x-clog-user-device-id': str(uuid.uuid4()),
         }
         valid_username = traverse_obj(self._download_json(
-            f'{self._ACCOUNT_API_BASE}/signup/email/status', None, note='Checking username',
+            f'{self._ACCOUNT_API_BASE}/v2/signup/email/status', None, note='Checking username',
             query={'email': username}, headers=headers, expected_status=(400, 404)), 'hasPassword')
         if not valid_username:
             raise ExtractorError('Invalid username provided', expected=True)
@@ -54,8 +55,9 @@ class WeverseBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
         headers['content-type'] = 'application/json'
         try:
             auth = self._download_json(
-                f'{self._ACCOUNT_API_BASE}/auth/token/by-credentials', None, data=json.dumps({
+                f'{self._ACCOUNT_API_BASE}/v3/auth/token/by-credentials', None, data=json.dumps({
                     'email': username,
+                    'otpSessionId': 'BY_PASS',
                     'password': password,
                 }, separators=(',', ':')).encode(), headers=headers, note='Logging in')
         except ExtractorError as e:
@@ -78,8 +80,10 @@ class WeverseBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
         # From https://ssl.pstatic.net/static/wevweb/2_3_2_11101725/public/static/js/main.e206f7c1.js:
         key = b'1b9cb6378d959b45714bec49971ade22e6e24e42'
         api_path = update_url_query(ep, {
+            # 'gcc': 'US',
             'appId': 'be4d79eb8fc7bd008ee82c8ec4ff6fd4',
             'language': 'en',
+            'os': 'WEB',
             'platform': 'WEB',
             'wpf': 'pc',
         })
@@ -152,11 +156,11 @@ class WeverseBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
             'description': ((('extension', 'mediaInfo', 'body'), 'body'), {str}),
             'uploader': ('author', 'profileName', {str}),
             'uploader_id': ('author', 'memberId', {str}),
-            'creator': ('community', 'communityName', {str}),
+            'creators': ('community', 'communityName', {str}, all),
             'channel_id': (('community', 'author'), 'communityId', {str_or_none}),
             'duration': ('extension', 'video', 'playTime', {float_or_none}),
-            'timestamp': ('publishedAt', {lambda x: int_or_none(x, 1000)}),
-            'release_timestamp': ('extension', 'video', 'onAirStartAt', {lambda x: int_or_none(x, 1000)}),
+            'timestamp': ('publishedAt', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
+            'release_timestamp': ('extension', 'video', 'onAirStartAt', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
             'thumbnail': ('extension', (('mediaInfo', 'thumbnail', 'url'), ('video', 'thumb')), {url_or_none}),
             'view_count': ('extension', 'video', 'playCount', {int_or_none}),
             'like_count': ('extension', 'video', 'likeCount', {int_or_none}),
@@ -196,7 +200,7 @@ class WeverseIE(WeverseBaseIE):
             'channel': 'billlie',
             'channel_id': '72',
             'channel_url': 'https://weverse.io/billlie',
-            'creator': 'Billlie',
+            'creators': ['Billlie'],
             'timestamp': 1666262062,
             'upload_date': '20221020',
             'release_timestamp': 1666262058,
@@ -222,7 +226,7 @@ class WeverseIE(WeverseBaseIE):
             'channel': 'lesserafim',
             'channel_id': '47',
             'channel_url': 'https://weverse.io/lesserafim',
-            'creator': 'LE SSERAFIM',
+            'creators': ['LE SSERAFIM'],
             'timestamp': 1659353400,
             'upload_date': '20220801',
             'release_timestamp': 1659353400,
@@ -286,7 +290,7 @@ class WeverseIE(WeverseBaseIE):
 
         elif live_status == 'is_live':
             video_info = self._call_api(
-                f'/video/v1.0/lives/{api_video_id}/playInfo?preview.format=json&preview.version=v2',
+                f'/video/v1.2/lives/{api_video_id}/playInfo?preview.format=json&preview.version=v2',
                 video_id, note='Downloading live JSON')
             playback = self._parse_json(video_info['lipPlayback'], video_id)
             m3u8_url = traverse_obj(playback, (
@@ -302,7 +306,7 @@ class WeverseIE(WeverseBaseIE):
         else:
             infra_video_id = post['extension']['video']['infraVideoId']
             in_key = self._call_api(
-                f'/video/v1.0/vod/{api_video_id}/inKey?preview=false', video_id,
+                f'/video/v1.1/vod/{api_video_id}/inKey?preview=false', video_id,
                 data=b'{}', note='Downloading VOD API key')['inKey']
 
             video_info = self._download_json(
@@ -347,7 +351,6 @@ class WeverseMediaIE(WeverseBaseIE):
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.|m\.)?weverse\.io/(?P<artist>[^/?#]+)/media/(?P<id>[\d-]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://weverse.io/billlie/media/4-116372884',
-        'md5': '8efc9cfd61b2f25209eb1a5326314d28',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'e-C9wLSQs6o',
             'ext': 'mp4',
@@ -358,8 +361,9 @@ class WeverseMediaIE(WeverseBaseIE):
             'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCyc9sUCxELTDK9vELO5Fzeg',
             'uploader': 'Billlie',
             'uploader_id': '@Billlie',
-            'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/@Billlie',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@Billlie',
             'upload_date': '20230403',
+            'timestamp': 1680533992,
             'duration': 211,
             'age_limit': 0,
             'playable_in_embed': True,
@@ -372,6 +376,8 @@ class WeverseMediaIE(WeverseBaseIE):
             'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/e-C9wLSQs6o/maxresdefault.jpg',
             'categories': ['Entertainment'],
             'tags': 'count:7',
+            'channel_is_verified': True,
+            'heatmap': 'count:100',
         },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://weverse.io/billlie/media/3-102914520',
@@ -386,7 +392,7 @@ class WeverseMediaIE(WeverseBaseIE):
             'channel': 'billlie',
             'channel_id': '72',
             'channel_url': 'https://weverse.io/billlie',
-            'creator': 'Billlie',
+            'creators': ['Billlie'],
             'timestamp': 1662174000,
             'upload_date': '20220903',
             'release_timestamp': 1662174000,
@@ -432,7 +438,7 @@ class WeverseMomentIE(WeverseBaseIE):
             'uploader_id': '66a07e164b56a696ee71c99315ffe27b',
             'channel': 'secretnumber',
             'channel_id': '56',
-            'creator': 'SECRET NUMBER',
+            'creators': ['SECRET NUMBER'],
             'duration': 10,
             'upload_date': '20230405',
             'timestamp': 1680653968,
@@ -441,7 +447,6 @@ class WeverseMomentIE(WeverseBaseIE):
             'comment_count': int,
             'availability': 'needs_auth',
         },
-        'skip': 'Moment has expired',
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
@@ -464,7 +469,7 @@ class WeverseMomentIE(WeverseBaseIE):
                 'creator': (('community', 'author'), 'communityName', {str}),
                 'channel_id': (('community', 'author'), 'communityId', {str_or_none}),
                 'duration': ('extension', 'moment', 'video', 'uploadInfo', 'playTime', {float_or_none}),
-                'timestamp': ('publishedAt', {lambda x: int_or_none(x, 1000)}),
+                'timestamp': ('publishedAt', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'thumbnail': ('extension', 'moment', 'video', 'uploadInfo', 'imageUrl', {url_or_none}),
                 'like_count': ('emotionCount', {int_or_none}),
                 'comment_count': ('commentCount', {int_or_none}),
@@ -571,7 +576,7 @@ class WeverseLiveIE(WeverseBaseIE):
             'channel': 'purplekiss',
             'channel_id': '35',
             'channel_url': 'https://weverse.io/purplekiss',
-            'creator': 'PURPLE KISS',
+            'creators': ['PURPLE KISS'],
             'timestamp': 1680780892,
             'upload_date': '20230406',
             'release_timestamp': 1680780883,
@@ -584,6 +589,31 @@ class WeverseLiveIE(WeverseBaseIE):
             'live_status': 'is_live',
         },
         'skip': 'Livestream has ended',
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://weverse.io/lesserafim',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '4-181521628',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': r're:심심해서요',
+            'description': '',
+            'uploader': '채채🤎',
+            'uploader_id': 'd49b8b06f3cc1d92d655b25ab27ac2e7',
+            'channel': 'lesserafim',
+            'channel_id': '47',
+            'creators': ['LE SSERAFIM'],
+            'channel_url': 'https://weverse.io/lesserafim',
+            'timestamp': 1728570273,
+            'upload_date': '20241010',
+            'release_timestamp': 1728570264,
+            'release_date': '20241010',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://phinf\.wevpstatic\.net/.+\.png',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'availability': 'needs_auth',
+            'live_status': 'is_live',
+        },
+        'skip': 'Livestream has ended',
     }, {
         'url': 'https://weverse.io/billlie/',
         'only_matching': True,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/wevidi.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/wevidi.py
index 0db52af43..88b394fa2 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/wevidi.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/wevidi.py
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ class WeVidiIE(InfoExtractor):
         }
 
         src_path = f'{wvplayer_props["srcVID"]}/{wvplayer_props["srcUID"]}/{wvplayer_props["srcNAME"]}'
-        for res in traverse_obj(wvplayer_props, ('resolutions', ..., {int}, {lambda x: x or None})):
+        for res in traverse_obj(wvplayer_props, ('resolutions', ..., {int}, filter)):
             format_id = str(-(res // -2) - 1)
             yield {
                 'acodec': 'mp4a.40.2',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/wistia.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/wistia.py
index fb2a8648f..df7ecb3cd 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/wistia.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/wistia.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     determine_ext,
+    filter_dict,
     float_or_none,
     int_or_none,
     parse_qs,
@@ -25,16 +26,25 @@ class WistiaBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
 
     def _download_embed_config(self, config_type, config_id, referer):
         base_url = self._EMBED_BASE_URL + f'{config_type}/{config_id}'
+        video_password = self.get_param('videopassword')
         embed_config = self._download_json(
             base_url + '.json', config_id, headers={
                 'Referer': referer if referer.startswith('http') else base_url,  # Some videos require this.
-            })
+            }, query=filter_dict({'password': video_password}))
 
         error = traverse_obj(embed_config, 'error')
         if error:
             raise ExtractorError(
                 f'Error while getting the playlist: {error}', expected=True)
 
+        if traverse_obj(embed_config, (
+                'media', ('embed_options', 'embedOptions'), 'plugin',
+                'passwordProtectedVideo', 'on', any)) == 'true':
+            if video_password:
+                raise ExtractorError('Invalid video password', expected=True)
+            raise ExtractorError(
+                'This content is password-protected. Use the --video-password option', expected=True)
+
         return embed_config
 
     def _get_real_ext(self, url):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/xiaohongshu.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/xiaohongshu.py
index 00c6ed7c5..1280ca6a9 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/xiaohongshu.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/xiaohongshu.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import functools
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
@@ -51,7 +50,7 @@ class XiaoHongShuIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'tbr': ('avgBitrate', {int_or_none}),
                 'format': ('qualityType', {str}),
                 'filesize': ('size', {int_or_none}),
-                'duration': ('duration', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
             })
 
             formats.extend(traverse_obj(info, (('mediaUrl', ('backupUrls', ...)), {
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/ximalaya.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/ximalaya.py
index e900a4ad9..02bf6a7be 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/ximalaya.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/ximalaya.py
@@ -1,7 +1,17 @@
+import base64
 import math
+import time
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import InAdvancePagedList, str_or_none, traverse_obj, try_call
+from .videa import VideaIE
+from ..utils import (
+    InAdvancePagedList,
+    int_or_none,
+    str_or_none,
+    traverse_obj,
+    try_call,
+    update_url_query,
+)
 
 
 class XimalayaBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -11,7 +21,7 @@ class XimalayaBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
 class XimalayaIE(XimalayaBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'ximalaya'
     IE_DESC = '喜马拉雅FM'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.|m\.)?ximalaya\.com/(:?(?P<uid>\d+)/)?sound/(?P<id>[0-9]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.|m\.)?ximalaya\.com/(?:(?P<uid>\d+)/)?sound/(?P<id>[0-9]+)'
     _TESTS = [
         {
             'url': 'http://www.ximalaya.com/sound/47740352/',
@@ -71,23 +81,92 @@ class XimalayaIE(XimalayaBaseIE):
                 'like_count': int,
             },
         },
+        {
+            # VIP-restricted audio
+            'url': 'https://www.ximalaya.com/sound/562111701',
+            'only_matching': True,
+        },
     ]
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def _decrypt_filename(file_id, seed):
+        cgstr = ''
+        key = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ/\\:._-1234567890'
+        for _ in key:
+            seed = float(int(211 * seed + 30031) % 65536)
+            r = int(seed / 65536 * len(key))
+            cgstr += key[r]
+            key = key.replace(key[r], '')
+        parts = file_id.split('*')
+        filename = ''.join(cgstr[int(part)] for part in parts if part.isdecimal())
+        if not filename.startswith('/'):
+            filename = '/' + filename
+        return filename
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _decrypt_url_params(encrypted_params):
+        params = VideaIE.rc4(
+            base64.b64decode(encrypted_params), 'xkt3a41psizxrh9l').split('-')
+        # sign, token, timestamp
+        return params[1], params[2], params[3]
+
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         scheme = 'https' if url.startswith('https') else 'http'
 
         audio_id = self._match_id(url)
-        audio_info_file = f'{scheme}://m.ximalaya.com/tracks/{audio_id}.json'
         audio_info = self._download_json(
-            audio_info_file, audio_id,
-            f'Downloading info json {audio_info_file}', 'Unable to download info file')
+            f'{scheme}://m.ximalaya.com/tracks/{audio_id}.json', audio_id,
+            'Downloading info json', 'Unable to download info file')
 
-        formats = [{
+        formats = []
+        # NOTE: VIP-restricted audio
+        if audio_info.get('is_paid'):
+            ts = int(time.time())
+            vip_info = self._download_json(
+                f'{scheme}://mpay.ximalaya.com/mobile/track/pay/{audio_id}/{ts}',
+                audio_id, 'Downloading VIP info json', 'Unable to download VIP info file',
+                query={'device': 'pc', 'isBackend': 'true', '_': ts})
+            filename = self._decrypt_filename(vip_info['fileId'], vip_info['seed'])
+            sign, token, timestamp = self._decrypt_url_params(vip_info['ep'])
+            vip_url = update_url_query(
+                f'{vip_info["domain"]}/download/{vip_info["apiVersion"]}{filename}', {
+                    'sign': sign,
+                    'token': token,
+                    'timestamp': timestamp,
+                    'buy_key': vip_info['buyKey'],
+                    'duration': vip_info['duration'],
+                })
+            fmt = {
+                'format_id': 'vip',
+                'url': vip_url,
+                'vcodec': 'none',
+            }
+            if '_preview_' in vip_url:
+                self.report_warning(
+                    f'This tracks requires a VIP account. Using a sample instead. {self._login_hint()}')
+                fmt.update({
+                    'format_note': 'Sample',
+                    'preference': -10,
+                    **traverse_obj(vip_info, {
+                        'filesize': ('sampleLength', {int_or_none}),
+                        'duration': ('sampleDuration', {int_or_none}),
+                    }),
+                })
+            else:
+                fmt.update(traverse_obj(vip_info, {
+                    'filesize': ('totalLength', {int_or_none}),
+                    'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none}),
+                }))
+
+            fmt['abr'] = try_call(lambda: fmt['filesize'] * 8 / fmt['duration'] / 1024)
+            formats.append(fmt)
+
+        formats.extend([{
             'format_id': f'{bps}k',
             'url': audio_info[k],
             'abr': bps,
             'vcodec': 'none',
-        } for bps, k in ((24, 'play_path_32'), (64, 'play_path_64')) if audio_info.get(k)]
+        } for bps, k in ((24, 'play_path_32'), (64, 'play_path_64')) if audio_info.get(k)])
 
         thumbnails = []
         for k in audio_info:
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/xinpianchang.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/xinpianchang.py
index 10849916b..23ed9270d 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/xinpianchang.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/xinpianchang.py
@@ -3,16 +3,13 @@ from ..utils import (
     int_or_none,
     str_or_none,
     try_get,
-    update_url_query,
     url_or_none,
 )
 
 
 class XinpianchangIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _WORKING = False
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.xinpianchang\.com/(?P<id>[^/]+?)(?:\D|$)'
-    IE_NAME = 'xinpianchang'
-    IE_DESC = 'xinpianchang.com'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(www\.)?xinpianchang\.com/(?P<id>a\d+)'
+    IE_DESC = '新片场'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.xinpianchang.com/a11766551',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -49,11 +46,11 @@ class XinpianchangIE(InfoExtractor):
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id=video_id)
-        domain = self.find_value_with_regex(var='requireNewDomain', webpage=webpage)
-        vid = self.find_value_with_regex(var='vid', webpage=webpage)
-        app_key = self.find_value_with_regex(var='modeServerAppKey', webpage=webpage)
-        api = update_url_query(f'{domain}/mod/api/v2/media/{vid}', {'appKey': app_key})
-        data = self._download_json(api, video_id=video_id)['data']
+        video_data = self._search_nextjs_data(webpage, video_id)['props']['pageProps']['detail']['video']
+
+        data = self._download_json(
+            f'https://mod-api.xinpianchang.com/mod/api/v2/media/{video_data["vid"]}', video_id,
+            query={'appKey': video_data['appKey']})['data']
         formats, subtitles = [], {}
         for k, v in data.get('resource').items():
             if k in ('dash', 'hls'):
@@ -72,6 +69,10 @@ class XinpianchangIE(InfoExtractor):
                     'width': int_or_none(prog.get('width')),
                     'height': int_or_none(prog.get('height')),
                     'ext': 'mp4',
+                    'http_headers': {
+                        # NB: Server returns 403 without the Range header
+                        'Range': 'bytes=0-',
+                    },
                 } for prog in v if prog.get('url') or []])
 
         return {
@@ -87,6 +88,3 @@ class XinpianchangIE(InfoExtractor):
             'formats': formats,
             'subtitles': subtitles,
         }
-
-    def find_value_with_regex(self, var, webpage):
-        return self._search_regex(rf'var\s{var}\s=\s\"(?P<vid>[^\"]+)\"', webpage, name=var)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/yle_areena.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/yle_areena.py
index ef9e96804..c2daddfa6 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/yle_areena.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/yle_areena.py
@@ -1,23 +1,24 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from .kaltura import KalturaIE
 from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
     int_or_none,
+    parse_iso8601,
     smuggle_url,
-    traverse_obj,
-    unified_strdate,
     url_or_none,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
 
 
 class YleAreenaIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://areena\.yle\.fi/(?P<id>[\d-]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://areena\.yle\.fi/(?P<podcast>podcastit/)?(?P<id>[\d-]+)'
     _GEO_COUNTRIES = ['FI']
     _TESTS = [
         {
             'url': 'https://areena.yle.fi/1-4371942',
-            'md5': '932edda0ecf5dfd6423804182d32f8ac',
+            'md5': 'd87e9a1e74e67e009990ddd413e426b4',
             'info_dict': {
-                'id': '0_a3tjk92c',
+                'id': '1-4371942',
                 'ext': 'mp4',
                 'title': 'Pouchit',
                 'description': 'md5:01071d7056ceec375f63960f90c35366',
@@ -26,37 +27,27 @@ class YleAreenaIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'season_number': 1,
                 'episode': 'Episode 2',
                 'episode_number': 2,
-                'thumbnail': 'http://cfvod.kaltura.com/p/1955031/sp/195503100/thumbnail/entry_id/0_a3tjk92c/version/100061',
-                'uploader_id': 'ovp@yle.fi',
-                'duration': 1435,
-                'view_count': int,
-                'upload_date': '20181204',
-                'release_date': '20190106',
-                'timestamp': 1543916210,
-                'subtitles': {'fin': [{'url': r're:^https?://', 'ext': 'srt'}]},
+                'thumbnail': r're:https://images\.cdn\.yle\.fi/image/upload/.+\.jpg',
                 'age_limit': 7,
-                'webpage_url': 'https://areena.yle.fi/1-4371942',
+                'release_date': '20190105',
+                'release_timestamp': 1546725660,
+                'duration': 1435,
             },
         },
         {
             'url': 'https://areena.yle.fi/1-2158940',
-            'md5': 'cecb603661004e36af8c5188b5212b12',
+            'md5': '6369ddc5e07b5fdaeda27a495184143c',
             'info_dict': {
-                'id': '1_l38iz9ur',
+                'id': '1-2158940',
                 'ext': 'mp4',
                 'title': 'Albi haluaa vessan',
-                'description': 'md5:15236d810c837bed861fae0e88663c33',
+                'description': 'Albi haluaa vessan.',
                 'series': 'Albi Lumiukko',
-                'thumbnail': 'http://cfvod.kaltura.com/p/1955031/sp/195503100/thumbnail/entry_id/1_l38iz9ur/version/100021',
-                'uploader_id': 'ovp@yle.fi',
-                'duration': 319,
-                'view_count': int,
-                'upload_date': '20211202',
-                'release_date': '20211215',
-                'timestamp': 1638448202,
-                'subtitles': {},
+                'thumbnail': r're:https://images\.cdn\.yle\.fi/image/upload/.+\.jpg',
                 'age_limit': 0,
-                'webpage_url': 'https://areena.yle.fi/1-2158940',
+                'release_date': '20211215',
+                'release_timestamp': 1639555200,
+                'duration': 319,
             },
         },
         {
@@ -67,71 +58,125 @@ class YleAreenaIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'title': 'HKO & Mälkki & Tanner',
                 'description': 'md5:b4f1b1af2c6569b33f75179a86eea156',
                 'series': 'Helsingin kaupunginorkesterin konsertteja',
-                'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.+\.jpg$',
+                'thumbnail': r're:https://images\.cdn\.yle\.fi/image/upload/.+\.jpg',
                 'release_date': '20230120',
+                'release_timestamp': 1674242079,
+                'duration': 8004,
             },
             'params': {
                 'skip_download': 'm3u8',
             },
         },
+        {
+            'url': 'https://areena.yle.fi/1-72251830',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '1-72251830',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': r're:Pentulive 2024 | Pentulive \d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2} \d{2}:\d{2}',
+                'description': 'md5:1f118707d9093bf894a34fbbc865397b',
+                'series': 'Pentulive',
+                'thumbnail': r're:https://images\.cdn\.yle\.fi/image/upload/.+\.jpg',
+                'live_status': 'is_live',
+                'release_date': '20241025',
+                'release_timestamp': 1729875600,
+            },
+            'params': {
+                'skip_download': 'livestream',
+            },
+        },
+        {
+            'url': 'https://areena.yle.fi/podcastit/1-71022852',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '1-71022852',
+                'ext': 'mp3',
+                'title': 'Värityspäivä',
+                'description': 'md5:c3a02b0455ec71d32cbe09d32ec161e2',
+                'series': 'Murun ja Paukun ikioma kaupunki',
+                'episode': 'Episode 1',
+                'episode_number': 1,
+                'release_date': '20240607',
+                'release_timestamp': 1717736400,
+                'duration': 442,
+            },
+        },
     ]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        video_id = self._match_id(url)
-        info = self._search_json_ld(self._download_webpage(url, video_id), video_id, default={})
+        video_id, is_podcast = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'podcast')
+        json_ld = self._search_json_ld(self._download_webpage(url, video_id), video_id, default={})
         video_data = self._download_json(
             f'https://player.api.yle.fi/v1/preview/{video_id}.json?app_id=player_static_prod&app_key=8930d72170e48303cf5f3867780d549b',
             video_id, headers={
                 'origin': 'https://areena.yle.fi',
                 'referer': 'https://areena.yle.fi/',
                 'content-type': 'application/json',
-            })
+            })['data']
 
         # Example title: 'K1, J2: Pouchit | Modernit miehet'
         season_number, episode_number, episode, series = self._search_regex(
             r'K(?P<season_no>\d+),\s*J(?P<episode_no>\d+):?\s*\b(?P<episode>[^|]+)\s*|\s*(?P<series>.+)',
-            info.get('title') or '', 'episode metadata', group=('season_no', 'episode_no', 'episode', 'series'),
+            json_ld.get('title') or '', 'episode metadata', group=('season_no', 'episode_no', 'episode', 'series'),
             default=(None, None, None, None))
-        description = traverse_obj(video_data, ('data', 'ongoing_ondemand', 'description', 'fin'), expected_type=str)
+        description = traverse_obj(video_data, ('ongoing_ondemand', 'description', 'fin', {str}))
 
         subtitles = {}
-        for sub in traverse_obj(video_data, ('data', 'ongoing_ondemand', 'subtitles', ...)):
-            if url_or_none(sub.get('uri')):
-                subtitles.setdefault(sub.get('language') or 'und', []).append({
-                    'url': sub['uri'],
-                    'ext': 'srt',
-                    'name': sub.get('kind'),
-                })
+        for sub in traverse_obj(video_data, ('ongoing_ondemand', 'subtitles', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['uri']))):
+            subtitles.setdefault(sub.get('language') or 'und', []).append({
+                'url': sub['uri'],
+                'ext': 'srt',
+                'name': sub.get('kind'),
+            })
 
-        kaltura_id = traverse_obj(video_data, ('data', 'ongoing_ondemand', 'kaltura', 'id'), expected_type=str)
-        if kaltura_id:
-            info_dict = {
+        info_dict, metadata = {}, {}
+        if is_podcast and traverse_obj(video_data, ('ongoing_ondemand', 'media_url', {url_or_none})):
+            metadata = video_data['ongoing_ondemand']
+            info_dict['url'] = metadata['media_url']
+        elif traverse_obj(video_data, ('ongoing_event', 'manifest_url', {url_or_none})):
+            metadata = video_data['ongoing_event']
+            metadata.pop('duration', None)  # Duration is not accurate for livestreams
+            info_dict['live_status'] = 'is_live'
+        elif traverse_obj(video_data, ('ongoing_ondemand', 'manifest_url', {url_or_none})):
+            metadata = video_data['ongoing_ondemand']
+        # XXX: Has all externally-hosted Kaltura content been moved to native hosting?
+        elif kaltura_id := traverse_obj(video_data, ('ongoing_ondemand', 'kaltura', 'id', {str})):
+            metadata = video_data['ongoing_ondemand']
+            info_dict.update({
                 '_type': 'url_transparent',
                 'url': smuggle_url(f'kaltura:1955031:{kaltura_id}', {'source_url': url}),
                 'ie_key': KalturaIE.ie_key(),
-            }
+            })
+        elif traverse_obj(video_data, ('gone', {dict})):
+            self.raise_no_formats('The content is no longer available', expected=True, video_id=video_id)
+            metadata = video_data['gone']
         else:
-            formats, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
-                video_data['data']['ongoing_ondemand']['manifest_url'], video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls')
+            raise ExtractorError('Unable to extract content')
+
+        if not info_dict.get('url') and metadata.get('manifest_url'):
+            info_dict['formats'], subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                metadata['manifest_url'], video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls')
             self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
-            info_dict = {
-                'id': video_id,
-                'formats': formats,
-            }
 
         return {
-            **info_dict,
-            'title': (traverse_obj(video_data, ('data', 'ongoing_ondemand', 'title', 'fin'), expected_type=str)
-                      or episode or info.get('title')),
+            **traverse_obj(json_ld, {
+                'title': 'title',
+                'thumbnails': ('thumbnails', ..., {'url': 'url'}),
+            }),
+            'id': video_id,
+            'title': episode,
             'description': description,
-            'series': (traverse_obj(video_data, ('data', 'ongoing_ondemand', 'series', 'title', 'fin'), expected_type=str)
-                       or series),
+            'series': series,
             'season_number': (int_or_none(self._search_regex(r'Kausi (\d+)', description, 'season number', default=None))
                               or int_or_none(season_number)),
-            'episode_number': (traverse_obj(video_data, ('data', 'ongoing_ondemand', 'episode_number'), expected_type=int_or_none)
-                               or int_or_none(episode_number)),
-            'thumbnails': traverse_obj(info, ('thumbnails', ..., {'url': 'url'})),
-            'age_limit': traverse_obj(video_data, ('data', 'ongoing_ondemand', 'content_rating', 'age_restriction'), expected_type=int_or_none),
+            'episode_number': int_or_none(episode_number),
             'subtitles': subtitles or None,
-            'release_date': unified_strdate(traverse_obj(video_data, ('data', 'ongoing_ondemand', 'start_time'), expected_type=str)),
+            **traverse_obj(metadata, {
+                'title': ('title', 'fin', {str}),
+                'description': ('description', 'fin', {str}),
+                'series': ('series', 'title', 'fin', {str}),
+                'episode_number': ('episode_number', {int_or_none}),
+                'age_limit': ('content_rating', 'age_restriction', {int_or_none}),
+                'release_timestamp': ('start_time', {parse_iso8601}),
+                'duration': ('duration', 'duration_in_seconds', {int_or_none}),
+            }),
+            **info_dict,
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/youporn.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/youporn.py
index 4a00dfe9c..8eb77aa03 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/youporn.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/youporn.py
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ class YouPornListBase(InfoExtractor):
             if not html:
                 return
             for element in get_elements_html_by_class('video-title', html):
-                if video_url := traverse_obj(element, ({extract_attributes}, 'href', {lambda x: urljoin(url, x)})):
+                if video_url := traverse_obj(element, ({extract_attributes}, 'href', {urljoin(url)})):
                     yield self.url_result(video_url)
 
             if page_num is not None:
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube.py
index 88e1a28ae..e69373ba2 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube.py
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ from ..utils import (
     parse_iso8601,
     parse_qs,
     qualities,
+    remove_end,
     remove_start,
     smuggle_url,
     str_or_none,
@@ -69,144 +70,134 @@ from ..utils import (
 )
 
 STREAMING_DATA_CLIENT_NAME = '__yt_dlp_client'
+STREAMING_DATA_PO_TOKEN = '__yt_dlp_po_token'
+
 # any clients starting with _ cannot be explicitly requested by the user
 INNERTUBE_CLIENTS = {
     'web': {
         'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
             'client': {
                 'clientName': 'WEB',
-                'clientVersion': '2.20240726.00.00',
+                'clientVersion': '2.20241126.01.00',
             },
         },
         'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 1,
+        'REQUIRE_PO_TOKEN': True,
+        'SUPPORTS_COOKIES': True,
     },
     # Safari UA returns pre-merged video+audio 144p/240p/360p/720p/1080p HLS formats
     'web_safari': {
         'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
             'client': {
                 'clientName': 'WEB',
-                'clientVersion': '2.20240726.00.00',
+                'clientVersion': '2.20241126.01.00',
                 'userAgent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/15.5 Safari/605.1.15,gzip(gfe)',
             },
         },
         'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 1,
+        'REQUIRE_PO_TOKEN': True,
+        'SUPPORTS_COOKIES': True,
     },
     'web_embedded': {
         'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
             'client': {
                 'clientName': 'WEB_EMBEDDED_PLAYER',
-                'clientVersion': '1.20240723.01.00',
+                'clientVersion': '1.20241201.00.00',
             },
         },
         'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 56,
+        'SUPPORTS_COOKIES': True,
     },
     'web_music': {
         'INNERTUBE_HOST': 'music.youtube.com',
         'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
             'client': {
                 'clientName': 'WEB_REMIX',
-                'clientVersion': '1.20240724.00.00',
+                'clientVersion': '1.20241127.01.00',
             },
         },
         'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 67,
+        'SUPPORTS_COOKIES': True,
     },
+    # This client now requires sign-in for every video
     'web_creator': {
         'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
             'client': {
                 'clientName': 'WEB_CREATOR',
-                'clientVersion': '1.20240723.03.00',
+                'clientVersion': '1.20241203.01.00',
             },
         },
         'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 62,
+        'REQUIRE_AUTH': True,
+        'SUPPORTS_COOKIES': True,
     },
     'android': {
         'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
             'client': {
                 'clientName': 'ANDROID',
-                'clientVersion': '19.29.37',
+                'clientVersion': '19.44.38',
                 'androidSdkVersion': 30,
-                'userAgent': 'com.google.android.youtube/19.29.37 (Linux; U; Android 11) gzip',
+                'userAgent': 'com.google.android.youtube/19.44.38 (Linux; U; Android 11) gzip',
                 'osName': 'Android',
                 'osVersion': '11',
             },
         },
         'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 3,
         'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': False,
+        'REQUIRE_PO_TOKEN': True,
     },
+    # This client now requires sign-in for every video
     'android_music': {
         'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
             'client': {
                 'clientName': 'ANDROID_MUSIC',
-                'clientVersion': '7.11.50',
+                'clientVersion': '7.27.52',
                 'androidSdkVersion': 30,
-                'userAgent': 'com.google.android.apps.youtube.music/7.11.50 (Linux; U; Android 11) gzip',
+                'userAgent': 'com.google.android.apps.youtube.music/7.27.52 (Linux; U; Android 11) gzip',
                 'osName': 'Android',
                 'osVersion': '11',
             },
         },
         'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 21,
         'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': False,
+        'REQUIRE_PO_TOKEN': True,
+        'REQUIRE_AUTH': True,
+        'SUPPORTS_COOKIES': True,
     },
+    # This client now requires sign-in for every video
     'android_creator': {
         'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
             'client': {
                 'clientName': 'ANDROID_CREATOR',
-                'clientVersion': '24.30.100',
+                'clientVersion': '24.45.100',
                 'androidSdkVersion': 30,
-                'userAgent': 'com.google.android.apps.youtube.creator/24.30.100 (Linux; U; Android 11) gzip',
+                'userAgent': 'com.google.android.apps.youtube.creator/24.45.100 (Linux; U; Android 11) gzip',
                 'osName': 'Android',
                 'osVersion': '11',
             },
         },
         'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 14,
         'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': False,
+        'REQUIRE_PO_TOKEN': True,
+        'REQUIRE_AUTH': True,
     },
     # YouTube Kids videos aren't returned on this client for some reason
     'android_vr': {
         'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
             'client': {
                 'clientName': 'ANDROID_VR',
-                'clientVersion': '1.57.29',
+                'clientVersion': '1.60.19',
                 'deviceMake': 'Oculus',
                 'deviceModel': 'Quest 3',
                 'androidSdkVersion': 32,
-                'userAgent': 'com.google.android.apps.youtube.vr.oculus/1.57.29 (Linux; U; Android 12L; eureka-user Build/SQ3A.220605.009.A1) gzip',
+                'userAgent': 'com.google.android.apps.youtube.vr.oculus/1.60.19 (Linux; U; Android 12L; eureka-user Build/SQ3A.220605.009.A1) gzip',
                 'osName': 'Android',
                 'osVersion': '12L',
             },
         },
         'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 28,
         'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': False,
-    },
-    'android_testsuite': {
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
-            'client': {
-                'clientName': 'ANDROID_TESTSUITE',
-                'clientVersion': '1.9',
-                'androidSdkVersion': 30,
-                'userAgent': 'com.google.android.youtube/1.9 (Linux; U; Android 11) gzip',
-                'osName': 'Android',
-                'osVersion': '11',
-            },
-        },
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 30,
-        'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': False,
-        'PLAYER_PARAMS': '2AMB',
-    },
-    # This client only has legacy formats and storyboards
-    'android_producer': {
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
-            'client': {
-                'clientName': 'ANDROID_PRODUCER',
-                'clientVersion': '0.111.1',
-                'androidSdkVersion': 30,
-                'userAgent': 'com.google.android.apps.youtube.producer/0.111.1 (Linux; U; Android 11) gzip',
-                'osName': 'Android',
-                'osVersion': '11',
-            },
-        },
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 91,
-        'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': False,
+        'SUPPORTS_COOKIES': True,
     },
     # iOS clients have HLS live streams. Setting device model to get 60fps formats.
     # See: https://github.com/TeamNewPipe/NewPipeExtractor/issues/680#issuecomment-1002724558
@@ -214,46 +205,51 @@ INNERTUBE_CLIENTS = {
         'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
             'client': {
                 'clientName': 'IOS',
-                'clientVersion': '19.29.1',
+                'clientVersion': '19.45.4',
                 'deviceMake': 'Apple',
                 'deviceModel': 'iPhone16,2',
-                'userAgent': 'com.google.ios.youtube/19.29.1 (iPhone16,2; U; CPU iOS 17_5_1 like Mac OS X;)',
+                'userAgent': 'com.google.ios.youtube/19.45.4 (iPhone16,2; U; CPU iOS 18_1_0 like Mac OS X;)',
                 'osName': 'iPhone',
-                'osVersion': '17.5.1.21F90',
+                'osVersion': '18.1.0.22B83',
             },
         },
         'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 5,
         'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': False,
     },
+    # This client now requires sign-in for every video
     'ios_music': {
         'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
             'client': {
                 'clientName': 'IOS_MUSIC',
-                'clientVersion': '7.08.2',
+                'clientVersion': '7.27.0',
                 'deviceMake': 'Apple',
                 'deviceModel': 'iPhone16,2',
-                'userAgent': 'com.google.ios.youtubemusic/7.08.2 (iPhone16,2; U; CPU iOS 17_5_1 like Mac OS X;)',
+                'userAgent': 'com.google.ios.youtubemusic/7.27.0 (iPhone16,2; U; CPU iOS 18_1_0 like Mac OS X;)',
                 'osName': 'iPhone',
-                'osVersion': '17.5.1.21F90',
+                'osVersion': '18.1.0.22B83',
             },
         },
         'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 26,
         'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': False,
+        'REQUIRE_AUTH': True,
+        'SUPPORTS_COOKIES': True,
     },
+    # This client now requires sign-in for every video
     'ios_creator': {
         'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
             'client': {
                 'clientName': 'IOS_CREATOR',
-                'clientVersion': '24.30.100',
+                'clientVersion': '24.45.100',
                 'deviceMake': 'Apple',
                 'deviceModel': 'iPhone16,2',
-                'userAgent': 'com.google.ios.ytcreator/24.30.100 (iPhone16,2; U; CPU iOS 17_5_1 like Mac OS X;)',
+                'userAgent': 'com.google.ios.ytcreator/24.45.100 (iPhone16,2; U; CPU iOS 18_1_0 like Mac OS X;)',
                 'osName': 'iPhone',
-                'osVersion': '17.5.1.21F90',
+                'osVersion': '18.1.0.22B83',
             },
         },
         'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 15,
         'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': False,
+        'REQUIRE_AUTH': True,
     },
     # mweb has 'ultralow' formats
     # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/557
@@ -261,22 +257,26 @@ INNERTUBE_CLIENTS = {
         'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
             'client': {
                 'clientName': 'MWEB',
-                'clientVersion': '2.20240726.01.00',
+                'clientVersion': '2.20241202.07.00',
+                'userAgent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (iPad; CPU OS 16_7_10 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/16.6 Mobile/15E148 Safari/604.1,gzip(gfe)',
             },
         },
         'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 2,
+        'SUPPORTS_COOKIES': True,
     },
     'tv': {
         'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
             'client': {
                 'clientName': 'TVHTML5',
-                'clientVersion': '7.20240724.13.00',
+                'clientVersion': '7.20241201.18.00',
             },
         },
         'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 7,
+        'SUPPORTS_COOKIES': True,
     },
-    # This client can access age restricted videos (unless the uploader has disabled the 'allow embedding' option)
-    # See: https://github.com/zerodytrash/YouTube-Internal-Clients
+    # This client now requires sign-in for every video
+    # It was previously an age-gate workaround for videos that were `playable_in_embed`
+    # It may still be useful if signed into an EU account that is not age-verified
     'tv_embedded': {
         'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
             'client': {
@@ -285,17 +285,8 @@ INNERTUBE_CLIENTS = {
             },
         },
         'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 85,
-    },
-    # This client has pre-merged video+audio 720p/1080p streams
-    'mediaconnect': {
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
-            'client': {
-                'clientName': 'MEDIA_CONNECT_FRONTEND',
-                'clientVersion': '0.1',
-            },
-        },
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 95,
-        'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': False,
+        'REQUIRE_AUTH': True,
+        'SUPPORTS_COOKIES': True,
     },
 }
 
@@ -323,6 +314,9 @@ def build_innertube_clients():
     for client, ytcfg in tuple(INNERTUBE_CLIENTS.items()):
         ytcfg.setdefault('INNERTUBE_HOST', 'www.youtube.com')
         ytcfg.setdefault('REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER', True)
+        ytcfg.setdefault('REQUIRE_PO_TOKEN', False)
+        ytcfg.setdefault('REQUIRE_AUTH', False)
+        ytcfg.setdefault('SUPPORTS_COOKIES', False)
         ytcfg.setdefault('PLAYER_PARAMS', None)
         ytcfg['INNERTUBE_CONTEXT']['client'].setdefault('hl', 'en')
 
@@ -518,6 +512,8 @@ class YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
     _YT_HANDLE_RE = r'@[\w.-]{3,30}'  # https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/11585688?hl=en
     _YT_CHANNEL_UCID_RE = r'UC[\w-]{22}'
 
+    _NETRC_MACHINE = 'youtube'
+
     def ucid_or_none(self, ucid):
         return self._search_regex(rf'^({self._YT_CHANNEL_UCID_RE})$', ucid, 'UC-id', default=None)
 
@@ -576,9 +572,24 @@ class YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
         self._initialize_consent()
         self._check_login_required()
 
+    def _perform_login(self, username, password):
+        if username.startswith('oauth'):
+            raise ExtractorError(
+                f'Login with OAuth is no longer supported. {self._youtube_login_hint}', expected=True)
+
+        self.report_warning(
+            f'Login with password is not supported for YouTube. {self._youtube_login_hint}')
+
+    @property
+    def _youtube_login_hint(self):
+        return (f'{self._login_hint(method="cookies")}. Also see  '
+                'https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/wiki/Extractors#exporting-youtube-cookies  '
+                'for tips on effectively exporting YouTube cookies')
+
     def _check_login_required(self):
-        if self._LOGIN_REQUIRED and not self._cookies_passed:
-            self.raise_login_required('Login details are needed to download this content', method='cookies')
+        if self._LOGIN_REQUIRED and not self.is_authenticated:
+            self.raise_login_required(
+                f'Login details are needed to download this content. {self._youtube_login_hint}', method=None)
 
     _YT_INITIAL_DATA_RE = r'(?:window\s*\[\s*["\']ytInitialData["\']\s*\]|ytInitialData)\s*='
     _YT_INITIAL_PLAYER_RESPONSE_RE = r'ytInitialPlayerResponse\s*='
@@ -677,42 +688,46 @@ class YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
             if session_index is not None:
                 return session_index
 
-    # Deprecated?
-    def _extract_identity_token(self, ytcfg=None, webpage=None):
-        if ytcfg:
-            token = try_get(ytcfg, lambda x: x['ID_TOKEN'], str)
-            if token:
-                return token
-        if webpage:
-            return self._search_regex(
-                r'\bID_TOKEN["\']\s*:\s*["\'](.+?)["\']', webpage,
-                'identity token', default=None, fatal=False)
+    def _data_sync_id_to_delegated_session_id(self, data_sync_id):
+        if not data_sync_id:
+            return
+        # datasyncid is of the form "channel_syncid||user_syncid" for secondary channel
+        # and just "user_syncid||" for primary channel. We only want the channel_syncid
+        channel_syncid, _, user_syncid = data_sync_id.partition('||')
+        if user_syncid:
+            return channel_syncid
 
-    @staticmethod
-    def _extract_account_syncid(*args):
+    def _extract_account_syncid(self, *args):
         """
-        Extract syncId required to download private playlists of secondary channels
+        Extract current session ID required to download private playlists of secondary channels
         @params response and/or ytcfg
         """
-        for data in args:
-            # ytcfg includes channel_syncid if on secondary channel
-            delegated_sid = try_get(data, lambda x: x['DELEGATED_SESSION_ID'], str)
-            if delegated_sid:
-                return delegated_sid
-            sync_ids = (try_get(
-                data, (lambda x: x['responseContext']['mainAppWebResponseContext']['datasyncId'],
-                       lambda x: x['DATASYNC_ID']), str) or '').split('||')
-            if len(sync_ids) >= 2 and sync_ids[1]:
-                # datasyncid is of the form "channel_syncid||user_syncid" for secondary channel
-                # and just "user_syncid||" for primary channel. We only want the channel_syncid
-                return sync_ids[0]
+        # ytcfg includes channel_syncid if on secondary channel
+        if delegated_sid := traverse_obj(args, (..., 'DELEGATED_SESSION_ID', {str}, any)):
+            return delegated_sid
 
-    @staticmethod
-    def _extract_visitor_data(*args):
+        data_sync_id = self._extract_data_sync_id(*args)
+        return self._data_sync_id_to_delegated_session_id(data_sync_id)
+
+    def _extract_data_sync_id(self, *args):
+        """
+        Extract current account dataSyncId.
+        In the format DELEGATED_SESSION_ID||USER_SESSION_ID or USER_SESSION_ID||
+        @params response and/or ytcfg
+        """
+        if data_sync_id := self._configuration_arg('data_sync_id', [None], ie_key=YoutubeIE, casesense=True)[0]:
+            return data_sync_id
+
+        return traverse_obj(
+            args, (..., ('DATASYNC_ID', ('responseContext', 'mainAppWebResponseContext', 'datasyncId')), {str}, any))
+
+    def _extract_visitor_data(self, *args):
         """
         Extracts visitorData from an API response or ytcfg
         Appears to be used to track session state
         """
+        if visitor_data := self._configuration_arg('visitor_data', [None], ie_key=YoutubeIE, casesense=True)[0]:
+            return visitor_data
         return get_first(
             args, [('VISITOR_DATA', ('INNERTUBE_CONTEXT', 'client', 'visitorData'), ('responseContext', 'visitorData'))],
             expected_type=str)
@@ -729,21 +744,11 @@ class YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
                 r'ytcfg\.set\s*\(\s*({.+?})\s*\)\s*;', webpage, 'ytcfg',
                 default='{}'), video_id, fatal=False) or {}
 
-    def generate_api_headers(
-            self, *, ytcfg=None, account_syncid=None, session_index=None,
-            visitor_data=None, identity_token=None, api_hostname=None, default_client='web'):
-
-        origin = 'https://' + (self._select_api_hostname(api_hostname, default_client))
-        headers = {
-            'X-YouTube-Client-Name': str(
-                self._ytcfg_get_safe(ytcfg, lambda x: x['INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME'], default_client=default_client)),
-            'X-YouTube-Client-Version': self._extract_client_version(ytcfg, default_client),
-            'Origin': origin,
-            'X-Youtube-Identity-Token': identity_token or self._extract_identity_token(ytcfg),
-            'X-Goog-PageId': account_syncid or self._extract_account_syncid(ytcfg),
-            'X-Goog-Visitor-Id': visitor_data or self._extract_visitor_data(ytcfg),
-            'User-Agent': self._ytcfg_get_safe(ytcfg, lambda x: x['INNERTUBE_CONTEXT']['client']['userAgent'], default_client=default_client),
-        }
+    def _generate_cookie_auth_headers(self, *, ytcfg=None, account_syncid=None, session_index=None, origin=None, **kwargs):
+        headers = {}
+        account_syncid = account_syncid or self._extract_account_syncid(ytcfg)
+        if account_syncid:
+            headers['X-Goog-PageId'] = account_syncid
         if session_index is None:
             session_index = self._extract_session_index(ytcfg)
         if account_syncid or session_index is not None:
@@ -753,6 +758,23 @@ class YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
         if auth is not None:
             headers['Authorization'] = auth
             headers['X-Origin'] = origin
+
+        return headers
+
+    def generate_api_headers(
+            self, *, ytcfg=None, account_syncid=None, session_index=None,
+            visitor_data=None, api_hostname=None, default_client='web', **kwargs):
+
+        origin = 'https://' + (self._select_api_hostname(api_hostname, default_client))
+        headers = {
+            'X-YouTube-Client-Name': str(
+                self._ytcfg_get_safe(ytcfg, lambda x: x['INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME'], default_client=default_client)),
+            'X-YouTube-Client-Version': self._extract_client_version(ytcfg, default_client),
+            'Origin': origin,
+            'X-Goog-Visitor-Id': visitor_data or self._extract_visitor_data(ytcfg),
+            'User-Agent': self._ytcfg_get_safe(ytcfg, lambda x: x['INNERTUBE_CONTEXT']['client']['userAgent'], default_client=default_client),
+            **self._generate_cookie_auth_headers(ytcfg=ytcfg, account_syncid=account_syncid, session_index=session_index, origin=origin),
+        }
         return filter_dict(headers)
 
     def _download_ytcfg(self, client, video_id):
@@ -1334,11 +1356,8 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
         '401': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 2160, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'av01.0.12M.08'},
     }
     _SUBTITLE_FORMATS = ('json3', 'srv1', 'srv2', 'srv3', 'ttml', 'vtt')
-    _POTOKEN_EXPERIMENTS = ('51217476', '51217102')
-    _BROKEN_CLIENTS = {
-        short_client_name(client): client
-        for client in ('android', 'android_creator', 'android_music')
-    }
+    _DEFAULT_CLIENTS = ('ios', 'mweb')
+    _DEFAULT_AUTHED_CLIENTS = ('web_creator', 'mweb')
 
     _GEO_BYPASS = False
 
@@ -1506,6 +1525,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'heatmap': 'count:100',
                 'timestamp': 1401991663,
             },
+            'skip': 'Age-restricted; requires authentication',
         },
         {
             'note': 'Age-gate video with embed allowed in public site',
@@ -1536,6 +1556,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'comment_count': int,
                 'channel_is_verified': True,
             },
+            'skip': 'Age-restricted; requires authentication',
         },
         {
             'note': 'Age-gate video embedable only with clientScreen=EMBED',
@@ -1566,6 +1587,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'uploader_id': '@ProjektMelody',
                 'timestamp': 1577508724,
             },
+            'skip': 'Age-restricted; requires authentication',
         },
         {
             'note': 'Non-Agegated non-embeddable video',
@@ -2337,6 +2359,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'channel_is_verified': True,
                 'timestamp': 1405513526,
             },
+            'skip': 'Age-restricted; requires authentication',
         },
         {
             # restricted location, https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/28685
@@ -2707,6 +2730,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'timestamp': 1577508724,
             },
             'params': {'extractor_args': {'youtube': {'player_client': ['tv_embedded']}}, 'format': '251-drc'},
+            'skip': 'Age-restricted; requires authentication',
         },
         {
             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/live/qVv6vCqciTM',
@@ -2902,7 +2926,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
             # Obtain from MPD's maximum seq value
             old_mpd_url = mpd_url
             last_error = ctx.pop('last_error', None)
-            expire_fast = immediate or last_error and isinstance(last_error, HTTPError) and last_error.status == 403
+            expire_fast = immediate or (last_error and isinstance(last_error, HTTPError) and last_error.status == 403)
             mpd_url, stream_number, is_live = (mpd_feed(format_id, 5 if expire_fast else 18000)
                                                or (mpd_url, stream_number, False))
             if not refresh_sequence:
@@ -3095,19 +3119,26 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
         self.to_screen('Extracted signature function:\n' + code)
 
     def _parse_sig_js(self, jscode):
+        # Examples where `sig` is funcname:
+        # sig=function(a){a=a.split(""); ... ;return a.join("")};
+        # ;c&&(c=sig(decodeURIComponent(c)),a.set(b,encodeURIComponent(c)));return a};
+        # {var l=f,m=h.sp,n=sig(decodeURIComponent(h.s));l.set(m,encodeURIComponent(n))}
+        # sig=function(J){J=J.split(""); ... ;return J.join("")};
+        # ;N&&(N=sig(decodeURIComponent(N)),J.set(R,encodeURIComponent(N)));return J};
+        # {var H=u,k=f.sp,v=sig(decodeURIComponent(f.s));H.set(k,encodeURIComponent(v))}
         funcname = self._search_regex(
-            (r'\b[cs]\s*&&\s*[adf]\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*encodeURIComponent\s*\(\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
+            (r'\b(?P<var>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)&&\((?P=var)=(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]{2,})\(decodeURIComponent\((?P=var)\)\)',
+             r'(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\s*=\s*function\(\s*(?P<arg>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\s*\)\s*{\s*(?P=arg)\s*=\s*(?P=arg)\.split\(\s*""\s*\)\s*;\s*[^}]+;\s*return\s+(?P=arg)\.join\(\s*""\s*\)',
+             r'(?:\b|[^a-zA-Z0-9$])(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]{2,})\s*=\s*function\(\s*a\s*\)\s*{\s*a\s*=\s*a\.split\(\s*""\s*\)(?:;[a-zA-Z0-9$]{2}\.[a-zA-Z0-9$]{2}\(a,\d+\))?',
+             # Old patterns
+             r'\b[cs]\s*&&\s*[adf]\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*encodeURIComponent\s*\(\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
              r'\b[a-zA-Z0-9]+\s*&&\s*[a-zA-Z0-9]+\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*encodeURIComponent\s*\(\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
              r'\bm=(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]{2,})\(decodeURIComponent\(h\.s\)\)',
-             r'\bc&&\(c=(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]{2,})\(decodeURIComponent\(c\)\)',
-             r'(?:\b|[^a-zA-Z0-9$])(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]{2,})\s*=\s*function\(\s*a\s*\)\s*{\s*a\s*=\s*a\.split\(\s*""\s*\)(?:;[a-zA-Z0-9$]{2}\.[a-zA-Z0-9$]{2}\(a,\d+\))?',
-             r'(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\s*=\s*function\(\s*a\s*\)\s*{\s*a\s*=\s*a\.split\(\s*""\s*\)',
              # Obsolete patterns
              r'("|\')signature\1\s*,\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
              r'\.sig\|\|(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
              r'yt\.akamaized\.net/\)\s*\|\|\s*.*?\s*[cs]\s*&&\s*[adf]\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*(?:encodeURIComponent\s*\()?\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
              r'\b[cs]\s*&&\s*[adf]\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
-             r'\b[a-zA-Z0-9]+\s*&&\s*[a-zA-Z0-9]+\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
              r'\bc\s*&&\s*[a-zA-Z0-9]+\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*\([^)]*\)\s*\(\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\('),
             jscode, 'Initial JS player signature function name', group='sig')
 
@@ -3180,6 +3211,8 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
         # *  b=String.fromCharCode(110),c=a.get(b))&&c=narray[idx](c)
         # *  a.D&&(b="nn"[+a.D],c=a.get(b))&&(c=narray[idx](c),a.set(b,c),narray.length||nfunc("")
         # *  a.D&&(PL(a),b=a.j.n||null)&&(b=narray[0](b),a.set("n",b),narray.length||nfunc("")
+        # *  a.D&&(b="nn"[+a.D],vL(a),c=a.j[b]||null)&&(c=narray[idx](c),a.set(b,c),narray.length||nfunc("")
+        # *  J.J="";J.url="";J.Z&&(R="nn"[+J.Z],mW(J),N=J.K[R]||null)&&(N=narray[idx](N),J.set(R,N))}};
         funcname, idx = self._search_regex(
             r'''(?x)
             (?:
@@ -3187,10 +3220,16 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 (?:
                     b=String\.fromCharCode\(110\)|
                     (?P<str_idx>[a-zA-Z0-9_$.]+)&&\(b="nn"\[\+(?P=str_idx)\]
-                ),c=a\.get\(b\)\)&&\(c=|
+                )
+                (?:
+                    ,[a-zA-Z0-9_$]+\(a\))?,c=a\.
+                    (?:
+                        get\(b\)|
+                        [a-zA-Z0-9_$]+\[b\]\|\|null
+                    )\)&&\(c=|
                 \b(?P<var>[a-zA-Z0-9_$]+)=
             )(?P<nfunc>[a-zA-Z0-9_$]+)(?:\[(?P<idx>\d+)\])?\([a-zA-Z]\)
-            (?(var),[a-zA-Z0-9_$]+\.set\("n"\,(?P=var)\),(?P=nfunc)\.length)''',
+            (?(var),[a-zA-Z0-9_$]+\.set\((?:"n+"|[a-zA-Z0-9_$]+)\,(?P=var)\))''',
             jscode, 'n function name', group=('nfunc', 'idx'), default=(None, None))
         if not funcname:
             self.report_warning(join_nonempty(
@@ -3199,7 +3238,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
             return self._search_regex(
                 r'''(?xs)
                 ;\s*(?P<name>[a-zA-Z0-9_$]+)\s*=\s*function\([a-zA-Z0-9_$]+\)
-                \s*\{(?:(?!};).)+?["']enhanced_except_''',
+                \s*\{(?:(?!};).)+?return\s*(?P<q>["'])[\w-]+_w8_(?P=q)\s*\+\s*[a-zA-Z0-9_$]+''',
                 jscode, 'Initial JS player n function name', group='name')
         elif not idx:
             return funcname
@@ -3208,6 +3247,11 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
             rf'var {re.escape(funcname)}\s*=\s*(\[.+?\])\s*[,;]', jscode,
             f'Initial JS player n function list ({funcname}.{idx})')))[int(idx)]
 
+    def _fixup_n_function_code(self, argnames, code):
+        return argnames, re.sub(
+            rf';\s*if\s*\(\s*typeof\s+[a-zA-Z0-9_$]+\s*===?\s*(["\'])undefined\1\s*\)\s*return\s+{argnames[0]};',
+            ';', code)
+
     def _extract_n_function_code(self, video_id, player_url):
         player_id = self._extract_player_info(player_url)
         func_code = self.cache.load('youtube-nsig', player_id, min_ver='2024.07.09')
@@ -3219,7 +3263,8 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
 
         func_name = self._extract_n_function_name(jscode, player_url=player_url)
 
-        func_code = jsi.extract_function_code(func_name)
+        # XXX: Workaround for the `typeof` gotcha
+        func_code = self._fixup_n_function_code(*jsi.extract_function_code(func_name))
 
         self.cache.store('youtube-nsig', player_id, func_code)
         return jsi, player_id, func_code
@@ -3235,7 +3280,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
             except Exception as e:
                 raise JSInterpreter.Exception(traceback.format_exc(), cause=e)
 
-            if ret.startswith('enhanced_except_'):
+            if ret.startswith('enhanced_except_') or ret.endswith(s):
                 raise JSInterpreter.Exception('Signature function returned an exception')
             return ret
 
@@ -3370,7 +3415,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
             'frameworkUpdates', 'entityBatchUpdate', 'mutations',
             lambda _, v: v['payload']['macroMarkersListEntity']['markersList']['markerType'] == 'MARKER_TYPE_HEATMAP',
             'payload', 'macroMarkersListEntity', 'markersList', 'markers', ..., {
-                'start_time': ('startMillis', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                'start_time': ('startMillis', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'end_time': {lambda x: (int(x['startMillis']) + int(x['durationMillis'])) / 1000},
                 'value': ('intensityScoreNormalized', {float_or_none}),
             })) or None
@@ -3396,7 +3441,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'author_is_verified': ('author', 'isVerified', {bool}),
                 'author_url': ('author', 'channelCommand', 'innertubeCommand', (
                     ('browseEndpoint', 'canonicalBaseUrl'), ('commandMetadata', 'webCommandMetadata', 'url'),
-                ), {lambda x: urljoin('https://www.youtube.com', x)}),
+                ), {urljoin('https://www.youtube.com')}),
             }, get_all=False),
             'is_favorited': (None if toolbar_entity_payload is None else
                              toolbar_entity_payload.get('heartState') == 'TOOLBAR_HEART_STATE_HEARTED'),
@@ -3693,6 +3738,54 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
             **cls._get_checkok_params(),
         }
 
+    def _get_config_po_token(self, client):
+        po_token_strs = self._configuration_arg('po_token', [], ie_key=YoutubeIE, casesense=True)
+        for token_str in po_token_strs:
+            po_token_client, sep, po_token = token_str.partition('+')
+            if not sep:
+                self.report_warning(
+                    f'Invalid po_token configuration format. Expected "client+po_token", got "{token_str}"', only_once=True)
+                continue
+            if po_token_client == client:
+                return po_token
+
+    def fetch_po_token(self, client='web', visitor_data=None, data_sync_id=None, player_url=None, **kwargs):
+        # PO Token is bound to visitor_data / Visitor ID when logged out. Must have visitor_data for it to function.
+        if not visitor_data and not self.is_authenticated and player_url:
+            self.report_warning(
+                f'Unable to fetch PO Token for {client} client: Missing required Visitor Data. '
+                f'You may need to pass Visitor Data with --extractor-args "youtube:visitor_data=XXX"')
+            return
+
+        config_po_token = self._get_config_po_token(client)
+        if config_po_token:
+            # PO token is bound to data_sync_id / account Session ID when logged in. However, for the config po_token,
+            # if using first channel in an account then we don't need the data_sync_id anymore...
+            if not data_sync_id and self.is_authenticated and player_url:
+                self.report_warning(
+                    f'Got a PO Token for {client} client, but missing Data Sync ID for account. Formats may not work.'
+                    f'You may need to pass a Data Sync ID with --extractor-args "youtube:data_sync_id=XXX"')
+
+            return config_po_token
+
+        # Require PO Token if logged in for external fetching
+        if not data_sync_id and self.is_authenticated and player_url:
+            self.report_warning(
+                f'Unable to fetch PO Token for {client} client: Missing required Data Sync ID for account. '
+                f'You may need to pass a Data Sync ID with --extractor-args "youtube:data_sync_id=XXX"')
+            return
+
+        return self._fetch_po_token(
+            client=client,
+            visitor_data=visitor_data,
+            data_sync_id=data_sync_id,
+            player_url=player_url,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+    def _fetch_po_token(self, client, visitor_data=None, data_sync_id=None, player_url=None, **kwargs):
+        """External PO Token fetch stub"""
+
     @staticmethod
     def _is_agegated(player_response):
         if traverse_obj(player_response, ('playabilityStatus', 'desktopLegacyAgeGateReason')):
@@ -3709,13 +3802,17 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
     def _is_unplayable(player_response):
         return traverse_obj(player_response, ('playabilityStatus', 'status')) == 'UNPLAYABLE'
 
-    def _extract_player_response(self, client, video_id, master_ytcfg, player_ytcfg, player_url, initial_pr, smuggled_data):
-
-        session_index = self._extract_session_index(player_ytcfg, master_ytcfg)
-        syncid = self._extract_account_syncid(player_ytcfg, master_ytcfg, initial_pr)
-        sts = self._extract_signature_timestamp(video_id, player_url, master_ytcfg, fatal=False) if player_url else None
+    def _extract_player_response(self, client, video_id, master_ytcfg, player_ytcfg, player_url, initial_pr, visitor_data, data_sync_id, po_token):
         headers = self.generate_api_headers(
-            ytcfg=player_ytcfg, account_syncid=syncid, session_index=session_index, default_client=client)
+            ytcfg=player_ytcfg,
+            default_client=client,
+            visitor_data=visitor_data,
+            session_index=self._extract_session_index(master_ytcfg, player_ytcfg),
+            account_syncid=(
+                self._data_sync_id_to_delegated_session_id(data_sync_id)
+                or self._extract_account_syncid(master_ytcfg, initial_pr, player_ytcfg)
+            ),
+        )
 
         yt_query = {
             'videoId': video_id,
@@ -3726,6 +3823,10 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
         if player_params := self._configuration_arg('player_params', [default_pp], casesense=True)[0]:
             yt_query['params'] = player_params
 
+        if po_token:
+            yt_query['serviceIntegrityDimensions'] = {'poToken': po_token}
+
+        sts = self._extract_signature_timestamp(video_id, player_url, master_ytcfg, fatal=False) if player_url else None
         yt_query.update(self._generate_player_context(sts))
         return self._extract_response(
             item_id=video_id, ep='player', query=yt_query,
@@ -3736,33 +3837,46 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
 
     def _get_requested_clients(self, url, smuggled_data):
         requested_clients = []
-        broken_clients = []
-        default = ['ios', 'tv']
+        excluded_clients = []
+        default_clients = self._DEFAULT_AUTHED_CLIENTS if self.is_authenticated else self._DEFAULT_CLIENTS
         allowed_clients = sorted(
             (client for client in INNERTUBE_CLIENTS if client[:1] != '_'),
             key=lambda client: INNERTUBE_CLIENTS[client]['priority'], reverse=True)
         for client in self._configuration_arg('player_client'):
             if client == 'default':
-                requested_clients.extend(default)
+                requested_clients.extend(default_clients)
             elif client == 'all':
                 requested_clients.extend(allowed_clients)
+            elif client.startswith('-'):
+                excluded_clients.append(client[1:])
             elif client not in allowed_clients:
-                self.report_warning(f'Skipping unsupported client {client}')
-            elif client in self._BROKEN_CLIENTS.values():
-                broken_clients.append(client)
+                self.report_warning(f'Skipping unsupported client "{client}"')
             else:
                 requested_clients.append(client)
-        # Force deprioritization of _BROKEN_CLIENTS for format de-duplication
-        requested_clients.extend(broken_clients)
         if not requested_clients:
-            requested_clients = default
+            requested_clients.extend(default_clients)
+        for excluded_client in excluded_clients:
+            if excluded_client in requested_clients:
+                requested_clients.remove(excluded_client)
+        if not requested_clients:
+            raise ExtractorError('No player clients have been requested', expected=True)
 
         if smuggled_data.get('is_music_url') or self.is_music_url(url):
             for requested_client in requested_clients:
                 _, base_client, variant = _split_innertube_client(requested_client)
-                music_client = f'{base_client}_music'
+                music_client = f'{base_client}_music' if base_client != 'mweb' else 'web_music'
                 if variant != 'music' and music_client in INNERTUBE_CLIENTS:
-                    requested_clients.append(music_client)
+                    client_info = INNERTUBE_CLIENTS[music_client]
+                    if not client_info['REQUIRE_AUTH'] or (self.is_authenticated and client_info['SUPPORTS_COOKIES']):
+                        requested_clients.append(music_client)
+
+        if self.is_authenticated:
+            unsupported_clients = [
+                client for client in requested_clients if not INNERTUBE_CLIENTS[client]['SUPPORTS_COOKIES']
+            ]
+            for client in unsupported_clients:
+                self.report_warning(f'Skipping client "{client}" since it does not support cookies', only_once=True)
+                requested_clients.remove(client)
 
         return orderedSet(requested_clients)
 
@@ -3773,19 +3887,14 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
             return pr_id
 
     def _extract_player_responses(self, clients, video_id, webpage, master_ytcfg, smuggled_data):
-        initial_pr = ignore_initial_response = None
+        initial_pr = None
         if webpage:
-            if 'web' in clients:
-                experiments = traverse_obj(master_ytcfg, (
-                    'WEB_PLAYER_CONTEXT_CONFIGS', ..., 'serializedExperimentIds', {lambda x: x.split(',')}, ...))
-                if all(x in experiments for x in self._POTOKEN_EXPERIMENTS):
-                    self.report_warning(
-                        'Webpage contains broken formats (poToken experiment detected). Ignoring initial player response')
-                    ignore_initial_response = True
             initial_pr = self._search_json(
                 self._YT_INITIAL_PLAYER_RESPONSE_RE, webpage, 'initial player response', video_id, fatal=False)
 
         prs = []
+        deprioritized_prs = []
+
         if initial_pr and not self._invalid_player_response(initial_pr, video_id):
             # Android player_response does not have microFormats which are needed for
             # extraction of some data. So we return the initial_pr with formats
@@ -3807,14 +3916,13 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                         return
 
         tried_iframe_fallback = False
-        player_url = None
+        player_url = visitor_data = data_sync_id = None
         skipped_clients = {}
         while clients:
+            deprioritize_pr = False
             client, base_client, variant = _split_innertube_client(clients.pop())
-            player_ytcfg = {}
-            if client == 'web':
-                player_ytcfg = self._get_default_ytcfg() if ignore_initial_response else master_ytcfg
-            elif 'configs' not in self._configuration_arg('player_skip'):
+            player_ytcfg = master_ytcfg if client == 'web' else {}
+            if 'configs' not in self._configuration_arg('player_skip') and client != 'web':
                 player_ytcfg = self._download_ytcfg(client, video_id) or player_ytcfg
 
             player_url = player_url or self._extract_player_url(master_ytcfg, player_ytcfg, webpage=webpage)
@@ -3827,56 +3935,68 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 player_url = self._download_player_url(video_id)
                 tried_iframe_fallback = True
 
-            pr = initial_pr if client == 'web' and not ignore_initial_response else None
-            for retry in self.RetryManager(fatal=False):
-                try:
-                    pr = pr or self._extract_player_response(
-                        client, video_id, player_ytcfg or master_ytcfg, player_ytcfg,
-                        player_url if require_js_player else None, initial_pr, smuggled_data)
-                except ExtractorError as e:
-                    self.report_warning(e)
-                    break
-                experiments = traverse_obj(pr, (
-                    'responseContext', 'serviceTrackingParams', lambda _, v: v['service'] == 'GFEEDBACK',
-                    'params', lambda _, v: v['key'] == 'e', 'value', {lambda x: x.split(',')}, ...))
-                if all(x in experiments for x in self._POTOKEN_EXPERIMENTS):
-                    pr = None
-                    retry.error = ExtractorError('API returned broken formats (poToken experiment detected)', expected=True)
-            if not pr:
+            visitor_data = visitor_data or self._extract_visitor_data(master_ytcfg, initial_pr, player_ytcfg)
+            data_sync_id = data_sync_id or self._extract_data_sync_id(master_ytcfg, initial_pr, player_ytcfg)
+            po_token = self.fetch_po_token(
+                client=client, visitor_data=visitor_data,
+                data_sync_id=data_sync_id if self.is_authenticated else None,
+                player_url=player_url if require_js_player else None,
+            )
+
+            require_po_token = self._get_default_ytcfg(client).get('REQUIRE_PO_TOKEN')
+            if not po_token and require_po_token:
+                self.report_warning(
+                    f'No PO Token provided for {client} client, '
+                    f'which is required for working {client} formats. '
+                    f'You can manually pass a PO Token for this client with '
+                    f'--extractor-args "youtube:po_token={client}+XXX"',
+                    only_once=True)
+                deprioritize_pr = True
+
+            pr = initial_pr if client == 'web' else None
+            try:
+                pr = pr or self._extract_player_response(
+                    client, video_id,
+                    master_ytcfg=player_ytcfg or master_ytcfg,
+                    player_ytcfg=player_ytcfg,
+                    player_url=player_url,
+                    initial_pr=initial_pr,
+                    visitor_data=visitor_data,
+                    data_sync_id=data_sync_id,
+                    po_token=po_token)
+            except ExtractorError as e:
+                self.report_warning(e)
                 continue
 
             if pr_id := self._invalid_player_response(pr, video_id):
                 skipped_clients[client] = pr_id
             elif pr:
                 # Save client name for introspection later
-                name = short_client_name(client)
                 sd = traverse_obj(pr, ('streamingData', {dict})) or {}
-                sd[STREAMING_DATA_CLIENT_NAME] = name
+                sd[STREAMING_DATA_CLIENT_NAME] = client
+                sd[STREAMING_DATA_PO_TOKEN] = po_token
                 for f in traverse_obj(sd, (('formats', 'adaptiveFormats'), ..., {dict})):
-                    f[STREAMING_DATA_CLIENT_NAME] = name
-                prs.append(pr)
-
-            # tv_embedded can work around age-gate and age-verification IF the video is embeddable
-            if self._is_agegated(pr) and variant != 'tv_embedded':
-                append_client(f'tv_embedded.{base_client}')
-
-            # Unauthenticated users will only get tv_embedded client formats if age-gated
-            if self._is_agegated(pr) and not self.is_authenticated:
-                self.to_screen(
-                    f'{video_id}: This video is age-restricted; some formats may be missing '
-                    f'without authentication. {self._login_hint()}', only_once=True)
+                    f[STREAMING_DATA_CLIENT_NAME] = client
+                    f[STREAMING_DATA_PO_TOKEN] = po_token
+                if deprioritize_pr:
+                    deprioritized_prs.append(pr)
+                else:
+                    prs.append(pr)
 
+            ''' This code is pointless while web_creator is in _DEFAULT_AUTHED_CLIENTS
             # EU countries require age-verification for accounts to access age-restricted videos
             # If account is not age-verified, _is_agegated() will be truthy for non-embedded clients
-            # If embedding is disabled for the video, _is_unplayable() will be truthy for tv_embedded
-            embedding_is_disabled = variant == 'tv_embedded' and self._is_unplayable(pr)
-            if self.is_authenticated and (self._is_agegated(pr) or embedding_is_disabled):
+            if self.is_authenticated and self._is_agegated(pr):
                 self.to_screen(
                     f'{video_id}: This video is age-restricted and YouTube is requiring '
                     'account age-verification; some formats may be missing', only_once=True)
-                # web_creator and mediaconnect can work around the age-verification requirement
-                # _producer, _testsuite, & _vr variants can also work around age-verification
-                append_client('web_creator', 'mediaconnect')
+                # web_creator can work around the age-verification requirement
+                # android_vr may also be able to work around age-verification
+                # tv_embedded may(?) still work around age-verification if the video is embeddable
+                append_client('web_creator')
+            '''
+
+        prs.extend(deprioritized_prs)
 
         if skipped_clients:
             self.report_warning(
@@ -3890,8 +4010,8 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
         return prs, player_url
 
     def _needs_live_processing(self, live_status, duration):
-        if (live_status == 'is_live' and self.get_param('live_from_start')
-                or live_status == 'post_live' and (duration or 0) > 2 * 3600):
+        if ((live_status == 'is_live' and self.get_param('live_from_start'))
+                or (live_status == 'post_live' and (duration or 0) > 2 * 3600)):
             return live_status
 
     def _extract_formats_and_subtitles(self, streaming_data, video_id, player_url, live_status, duration):
@@ -4001,7 +4121,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                     continue
 
             tbr = float_or_none(fmt.get('averageBitrate') or fmt.get('bitrate'), 1000)
-            format_duration = traverse_obj(fmt, ('approxDurationMs', {lambda x: float_or_none(x, 1000)}))
+            format_duration = traverse_obj(fmt, ('approxDurationMs', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}))
             # Some formats may have much smaller duration than others (possibly damaged during encoding)
             # E.g. 2-nOtRESiUc Ref: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/2823
             # Make sure to avoid false positives with small duration differences.
@@ -4011,14 +4131,18 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 self.report_warning(
                     f'{video_id}: Some formats are possibly damaged. They will be deprioritized', only_once=True)
 
-            client_name = fmt.get(STREAMING_DATA_CLIENT_NAME)
-            # _BROKEN_CLIENTS return videoplayback URLs that expire after 30 seconds
-            # Ref: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9554
-            is_broken = client_name in self._BROKEN_CLIENTS
+            client_name = fmt[STREAMING_DATA_CLIENT_NAME]
+            po_token = fmt.get(STREAMING_DATA_PO_TOKEN)
+
+            if po_token:
+                fmt_url = update_url_query(fmt_url, {'pot': po_token})
+
+            # Clients that require PO Token return videoplayback URLs that may return 403
+            is_broken = (not po_token and self._get_default_ytcfg(client_name).get('REQUIRE_PO_TOKEN'))
             if is_broken:
                 self.report_warning(
-                    f'{video_id}: {self._BROKEN_CLIENTS[client_name]} client formats are broken '
-                    'and may yield HTTP Error 403. They will be deprioritized', only_once=True)
+                    f'{video_id}: {client_name} client formats require a PO Token which was not provided. '
+                    'They will be deprioritized as they may yield HTTP Error 403', only_once=True)
 
             name = fmt.get('qualityLabel') or quality.replace('audio_quality_', '') or ''
             fps = int_or_none(fmt.get('fps')) or 0
@@ -4032,7 +4156,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                     try_get(fmt, lambda x: x['projectionType'].replace('RECTANGULAR', '').lower()),
                     try_get(fmt, lambda x: x['spatialAudioType'].replace('SPATIAL_AUDIO_TYPE_', '').lower()),
                     is_damaged and 'DAMAGED', is_broken and 'BROKEN',
-                    (self.get_param('verbose') or all_formats) and client_name,
+                    (self.get_param('verbose') or all_formats) and short_client_name(client_name),
                     delim=', '),
                 # Format 22 is likely to be damaged. See https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/3372
                 'source_preference': (-5 if itag == '22' else -1) + (100 if 'Premium' in name else 0),
@@ -4083,7 +4207,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
         skip_manifests = set(self._configuration_arg('skip'))
         if (not self.get_param('youtube_include_hls_manifest', True)
                 or needs_live_processing == 'is_live'  # These will be filtered out by YoutubeDL anyway
-                or needs_live_processing and skip_bad_formats):
+                or (needs_live_processing and skip_bad_formats)):
             skip_manifests.add('hls')
 
         if not self.get_param('youtube_include_dash_manifest', True):
@@ -4094,12 +4218,24 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
         elif skip_bad_formats and live_status == 'is_live' and needs_live_processing != 'is_live':
             skip_manifests.add('dash')
 
-        def process_manifest_format(f, proto, client_name, itag):
+        def process_manifest_format(f, proto, client_name, itag, po_token):
             key = (proto, f.get('language'))
             if not all_formats and key in itags[itag]:
                 return False
             itags[itag].add(key)
 
+            if f.get('source_preference') is None:
+                f['source_preference'] = -1
+
+            # Clients that require PO Token return videoplayback URLs that may return 403
+            # hls does not currently require PO Token
+            if (not po_token and self._get_default_ytcfg(client_name).get('REQUIRE_PO_TOKEN')) and proto != 'hls':
+                self.report_warning(
+                    f'{video_id}: {client_name} client {proto} formats require a PO Token which was not provided. '
+                    'They will be deprioritized as they may yield HTTP Error 403', only_once=True)
+                f['format_note'] = join_nonempty(f.get('format_note'), 'BROKEN', delim=' ')
+                f['source_preference'] -= 20
+
             if itag and all_formats:
                 f['format_id'] = f'{itag}-{proto}'
             elif any(p != proto for p, _ in itags[itag]):
@@ -4111,9 +4247,6 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 f['format_note'] = join_nonempty(f.get('format_note'), '(default)', delim=' ')
                 f['language_preference'] = PREFERRED_LANG_VALUE
 
-            if f.get('source_preference') is None:
-                f['source_preference'] = -1
-
             if itag in ('616', '235'):
                 f['format_note'] = join_nonempty(f.get('format_note'), 'Premium', delim=' ')
                 f['source_preference'] += 100
@@ -4122,7 +4255,8 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
             if f['quality'] == -1 and f.get('height'):
                 f['quality'] = q(res_qualities[min(res_qualities, key=lambda x: abs(x - f['height']))])
             if self.get_param('verbose') or all_formats:
-                f['format_note'] = join_nonempty(f.get('format_note'), client_name, delim=', ')
+                f['format_note'] = join_nonempty(
+                    f.get('format_note'), short_client_name(client_name), delim=', ')
             if f.get('fps') and f['fps'] <= 1:
                 del f['fps']
 
@@ -4133,24 +4267,28 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
 
         subtitles = {}
         for sd in streaming_data:
-            client_name = sd.get(STREAMING_DATA_CLIENT_NAME)
-
+            client_name = sd[STREAMING_DATA_CLIENT_NAME]
+            po_token = sd.get(STREAMING_DATA_PO_TOKEN)
             hls_manifest_url = 'hls' not in skip_manifests and sd.get('hlsManifestUrl')
             if hls_manifest_url:
+                if po_token:
+                    hls_manifest_url = hls_manifest_url.rstrip('/') + f'/pot/{po_token}'
                 fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
                     hls_manifest_url, video_id, 'mp4', fatal=False, live=live_status == 'is_live')
                 subtitles = self._merge_subtitles(subs, subtitles)
                 for f in fmts:
                     if process_manifest_format(f, 'hls', client_name, self._search_regex(
-                            r'/itag/(\d+)', f['url'], 'itag', default=None)):
+                            r'/itag/(\d+)', f['url'], 'itag', default=None), po_token):
                         yield f
 
             dash_manifest_url = 'dash' not in skip_manifests and sd.get('dashManifestUrl')
             if dash_manifest_url:
+                if po_token:
+                    dash_manifest_url = dash_manifest_url.rstrip('/') + f'/pot/{po_token}'
                 formats, subs = self._extract_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(dash_manifest_url, video_id, fatal=False)
                 subtitles = self._merge_subtitles(subs, subtitles)  # Prioritize HLS subs over DASH
                 for f in formats:
-                    if process_manifest_format(f, 'dash', client_name, f['format_id']):
+                    if process_manifest_format(f, 'dash', client_name, f['format_id'], po_token):
                         f['filesize'] = int_or_none(self._search_regex(
                             r'/clen/(\d+)', f.get('fragment_base_url') or f['url'], 'file size', default=None))
                         if needs_live_processing:
@@ -4267,14 +4405,14 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
             expected_type=dict)
 
         translated_title = self._get_text(microformats, (..., 'title'))
-        video_title = (self._preferred_lang and translated_title
+        video_title = ((self._preferred_lang and translated_title)
                        or get_first(video_details, 'title')  # primary
                        or translated_title
                        or search_meta(['og:title', 'twitter:title', 'title']))
         translated_description = self._get_text(microformats, (..., 'description'))
         original_description = get_first(video_details, 'shortDescription')
         video_description = (
-            self._preferred_lang and translated_description
+            (self._preferred_lang and translated_description)
             # If original description is blank, it will be an empty string.
             # Do not prefer translated description in this case.
             or original_description if original_description is not None else translated_description)
@@ -4348,6 +4486,9 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                     self.raise_geo_restricted(subreason, countries, metadata_available=True)
                 reason += f'. {subreason}'
             if reason:
+                if 'sign in' in reason.lower():
+                    reason = remove_end(reason, 'This helps protect our community. Learn more')
+                    reason = f'{remove_end(reason.strip(), ".")}. {self._youtube_login_hint}'
                 self.raise_no_formats(reason, expected=True)
 
         keywords = get_first(video_details, 'keywords', expected_type=list) or []
@@ -4456,7 +4597,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
             'live_status': live_status,
             'release_timestamp': live_start_time,
             '_format_sort_fields': (  # source_preference is lower for potentially damaged formats
-                'quality', 'res', 'fps', 'hdr:12', 'source', 'vcodec:vp9.2', 'channels', 'acodec', 'lang', 'proto'),
+                'quality', 'res', 'fps', 'hdr:12', 'source', 'vcodec', 'channels', 'acodec', 'lang', 'proto'),
         }
 
         subtitles = {}
@@ -4584,11 +4725,12 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 headers=self.generate_api_headers(ytcfg=master_ytcfg),
                 note='Downloading initial data API JSON')
 
+        COMMENTS_SECTION_IDS = ('comment-item-section', 'engagement-panel-comments-section')
         info['comment_count'] = traverse_obj(initial_data, (
             'contents', 'twoColumnWatchNextResults', 'results', 'results', 'contents', ..., 'itemSectionRenderer',
             'contents', ..., 'commentsEntryPointHeaderRenderer', 'commentCount',
         ), (
-            'engagementPanels', lambda _, v: v['engagementPanelSectionListRenderer']['panelIdentifier'] == 'comment-item-section',
+            'engagementPanels', lambda _, v: v['engagementPanelSectionListRenderer']['panelIdentifier'] in COMMENTS_SECTION_IDS,
             'engagementPanelSectionListRenderer', 'header', 'engagementPanelTitleHeaderRenderer', 'contextualInfo',
         ), expected_type=self._get_count, get_all=False)
 
@@ -4871,6 +5013,10 @@ class YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
         for item in grid_renderer['items']:
             if not isinstance(item, dict):
                 continue
+            if lockup_view_model := traverse_obj(item, ('lockupViewModel', {dict})):
+                if entry := self._extract_lockup_view_model(lockup_view_model):
+                    yield entry
+                continue
             renderer = self._extract_basic_item_renderer(item)
             if not isinstance(renderer, dict):
                 continue
@@ -4969,10 +5115,30 @@ class YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 continue
             yield self._extract_video(renderer)
 
+    def _extract_lockup_view_model(self, view_model):
+        content_id = view_model.get('contentId')
+        if not content_id:
+            return
+        content_type = view_model.get('contentType')
+        if content_type not in ('LOCKUP_CONTENT_TYPE_PLAYLIST', 'LOCKUP_CONTENT_TYPE_PODCAST'):
+            self.report_warning(
+                f'Unsupported lockup view model content type "{content_type}"{bug_reports_message()}', only_once=True)
+            return
+        return self.url_result(
+            f'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list={content_id}', ie=YoutubeTabIE, video_id=content_id,
+            title=traverse_obj(view_model, (
+                'metadata', 'lockupMetadataViewModel', 'title', 'content', {str})),
+            thumbnails=self._extract_thumbnails(view_model, (
+                'contentImage', 'collectionThumbnailViewModel', 'primaryThumbnail', 'thumbnailViewModel', 'image'), final_key='sources'))
+
     def _rich_entries(self, rich_grid_renderer):
+        if lockup_view_model := traverse_obj(rich_grid_renderer, ('content', 'lockupViewModel', {dict})):
+            if entry := self._extract_lockup_view_model(lockup_view_model):
+                yield entry
+            return
         renderer = traverse_obj(
             rich_grid_renderer,
-            ('content', ('videoRenderer', 'reelItemRenderer', 'playlistRenderer')), get_all=False) or {}
+            ('content', ('videoRenderer', 'reelItemRenderer', 'playlistRenderer', 'shortsLockupViewModel'), any)) or {}
         video_id = renderer.get('videoId')
         if video_id:
             yield self._extract_video(renderer)
@@ -4984,6 +5150,21 @@ class YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key(), video_id=playlist_id,
                 video_title=self._get_text(renderer, 'title'))
             return
+        # shortsLockupViewModel extraction
+        entity_id = renderer.get('entityId')
+        if entity_id:
+            video_id = traverse_obj(renderer, ('onTap', 'innertubeCommand', 'reelWatchEndpoint', 'videoId', {str}))
+            if not video_id:
+                return
+            yield self.url_result(
+                f'https://www.youtube.com/shorts/{video_id}',
+                ie=YoutubeIE, video_id=video_id,
+                **traverse_obj(renderer, ('overlayMetadata', {
+                    'title': ('primaryText', 'content', {str}),
+                    'view_count': ('secondaryText', 'content', {parse_count}),
+                })),
+                thumbnails=self._extract_thumbnails(renderer, 'thumbnail', final_key='sources'))
+            return
 
     def _video_entry(self, video_renderer):
         video_id = video_renderer.get('videoId')
@@ -5652,7 +5833,7 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw',
             'title': '3Blue1Brown - Playlists',
-            'description': 'md5:4d1da95432004b7ba840ebc895b6b4c9',
+            'description': 'md5:602e3789e6a0cb7d9d352186b720e395',
             'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw',
             'channel': '3Blue1Brown',
             'channel_id': 'UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw',
@@ -6576,22 +6757,22 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
         },
         'playlist_count': 0,
     }, {
-        # Podcasts tab, with rich entry playlistRenderers
+        # Podcasts tab, with rich entry lockupViewModel
         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@99percentinvisiblepodcast/podcasts',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'UCVMF2HD4ZgC0QHpU9Yq5Xrw',
             'channel_id': 'UCVMF2HD4ZgC0QHpU9Yq5Xrw',
             'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@99percentinvisiblepodcast',
             'description': 'md5:3a0ed38f1ad42a68ef0428c04a15695c',
-            'title': '99 Percent Invisible - Podcasts',
-            'uploader': '99 Percent Invisible',
+            'title': '99% Invisible - Podcasts',
+            'uploader': '99% Invisible',
             'channel_follower_count': int,
             'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCVMF2HD4ZgC0QHpU9Yq5Xrw',
             'tags': [],
-            'channel': '99 Percent Invisible',
+            'channel': '99% Invisible',
             'uploader_id': '@99percentinvisiblepodcast',
         },
-        'playlist_count': 0,
+        'playlist_count': 5,
     }, {
         # Releases tab, with rich entry playlistRenderers (same as Podcasts tab)
         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@AHimitsu/releases',
@@ -6671,7 +6852,7 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
         tab_url = urljoin(base_url, traverse_obj(
             tab, ('endpoint', 'commandMetadata', 'webCommandMetadata', 'url')))
 
-        tab_id = (tab_url and self._get_url_mobj(tab_url)['tab'][1:]
+        tab_id = ((tab_url and self._get_url_mobj(tab_url)['tab'][1:])
                   or traverse_obj(tab, 'tabIdentifier', expected_type=str))
         if tab_id:
             return {
@@ -6851,7 +7032,7 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
         raise ExtractorError('Unable to recognize tab page')
 
 
-class YoutubePlaylistIE(InfoExtractor):
+class YoutubePlaylistIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
     IE_DESC = 'YouTube playlists'
     _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)(?:
                         (?:https?://)?
@@ -6965,7 +7146,7 @@ class YoutubePlaylistIE(InfoExtractor):
         return self.url_result(url, ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key(), video_id=playlist_id)
 
 
-class YoutubeYtBeIE(InfoExtractor):
+class YoutubeYtBeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
     IE_DESC = 'youtu.be'
     _VALID_URL = rf'https?://youtu\.be/(?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]{{11}})/*?.*?\blist=(?P<playlist_id>{YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor._PLAYLIST_ID_RE})'
     _TESTS = [{
@@ -7016,7 +7197,7 @@ class YoutubeYtBeIE(InfoExtractor):
             }), ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key(), video_id=playlist_id)
 
 
-class YoutubeLivestreamEmbedIE(InfoExtractor):
+class YoutubeLivestreamEmbedIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
     IE_DESC = 'YouTube livestream embeds'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:\w+\.)?youtube\.com/embed/live_stream/?\?(?:[^#]+&)?channel=(?P<id>[^&#]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
@@ -7031,7 +7212,7 @@ class YoutubeLivestreamEmbedIE(InfoExtractor):
             ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key(), video_id=channel_id)
 
 
-class YoutubeYtUserIE(InfoExtractor):
+class YoutubeYtUserIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
     IE_DESC = 'YouTube user videos; "ytuser:" prefix'
     IE_NAME = 'youtube:user'
     _VALID_URL = r'ytuser:(?P<id>.+)'
@@ -7318,7 +7499,7 @@ class YoutubeMusicSearchURLIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
         return self.playlist_result(self._search_results(query, params, default_client='web_music'), title, title)
 
 
-class YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
+class YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
     """
     Base class for feed extractors
     Subclasses must re-define the _FEED_NAME property.
@@ -7326,9 +7507,6 @@ class YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
     _LOGIN_REQUIRED = True
     _FEED_NAME = 'feeds'
 
-    def _real_initialize(self):
-        YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor._check_login_required(self)
-
     @classproperty
     def IE_NAME(cls):
         return f'youtube:{cls._FEED_NAME}'
@@ -7338,7 +7516,7 @@ class YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
             f'https://www.youtube.com/feed/{self._FEED_NAME}', ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key())
 
 
-class YoutubeWatchLaterIE(InfoExtractor):
+class YoutubeWatchLaterIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
     IE_NAME = 'youtube:watchlater'
     IE_DESC = 'Youtube watch later list; ":ytwatchlater" keyword (requires cookies)'
     _VALID_URL = r':ytwatchlater'
@@ -7392,7 +7570,7 @@ class YoutubeHistoryIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
     }]
 
 
-class YoutubeShortsAudioPivotIE(InfoExtractor):
+class YoutubeShortsAudioPivotIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
     IE_DESC = 'YouTube Shorts audio pivot (Shorts using audio of a given video)'
     IE_NAME = 'youtube:shorts:pivot:audio'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/source/(?P<id>[\w-]{11})/shorts'
@@ -7416,7 +7594,7 @@ class YoutubeShortsAudioPivotIE(InfoExtractor):
             ie=YoutubeTabIE)
 
 
-class YoutubeTruncatedURLIE(InfoExtractor):
+class YoutubeTruncatedURLIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
     IE_NAME = 'youtube:truncated_url'
     IE_DESC = False  # Do not list
     _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
@@ -7459,9 +7637,9 @@ class YoutubeTruncatedURLIE(InfoExtractor):
         raise ExtractorError(
             'Did you forget to quote the URL? Remember that & is a meta '
             'character in most shells, so you want to put the URL in quotes, '
-            'like  youtube-dl '
+            'like  yt-dlp '
             '"https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=foo&v=BaW_jenozKc" '
-            ' or simply  youtube-dl BaW_jenozKc  .',
+            ' or simply  yt-dlp BaW_jenozKc  .',
             expected=True)
 
 
@@ -7523,6 +7701,8 @@ class YoutubeClipIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
             'id': clip_id,
             'section_start': int(clip_data['startTimeMs']) / 1000,
             'section_end': int(clip_data['endTimeMs']) / 1000,
+            '_format_sort_fields': (  # https protocol is prioritized for ffmpeg compatibility
+                'proto:https', 'quality', 'res', 'fps', 'hdr:12', 'source', 'vcodec', 'channels', 'acodec', 'lang'),
         }
 
 
@@ -7573,7 +7753,7 @@ class YoutubeConsentRedirectIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
         return self.url_result(redirect_url)
 
 
-class YoutubeTruncatedIDIE(InfoExtractor):
+class YoutubeTruncatedIDIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
     IE_NAME = 'youtube:truncated_id'
     IE_DESC = False  # Do not list
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/watch\?v=(?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]{1,10})$'
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/zaiko.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/zaiko.py
index 4563b7ba0..13ce5de12 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/zaiko.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/zaiko.py
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ class ZaikoIE(ZaikoBaseIE):
                 'uploader': ('profile', 'name', {str}),
                 'uploader_id': ('profile', 'id', {str_or_none}),
                 'release_timestamp': ('stream', 'start', 'timestamp', {int_or_none}),
-                'categories': ('event', 'genres', ..., {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'categories': ('event', 'genres', ..., filter),
             }),
             'alt_title': traverse_obj(initial_event_info, ('title', {str})),
             'thumbnails': [{'url': url, 'id': url_basename(url)} for url in thumbnail_urls if url_or_none(url)],
diff --git a/yt_dlp/jsinterp.py b/yt_dlp/jsinterp.py
index 851d4dc7b..ba059babb 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/jsinterp.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/jsinterp.py
@@ -709,9 +709,9 @@ class JSInterpreter:
                     obj.reverse()
                     return obj
                 elif member == 'slice':
-                    assertion(isinstance(obj, list), 'must be applied on a list')
-                    assertion(len(argvals) == 1, 'takes exactly one argument')
-                    return obj[argvals[0]:]
+                    assertion(isinstance(obj, (list, str)), 'must be applied on a list or string')
+                    assertion(len(argvals) <= 2, 'takes between 0 and 2 arguments')
+                    return obj[slice(*argvals, None)]
                 elif member == 'splice':
                     assertion(isinstance(obj, list), 'must be applied on a list')
                     assertion(argvals, 'takes one or more arguments')
diff --git a/yt_dlp/networking/_curlcffi.py b/yt_dlp/networking/_curlcffi.py
index e8a67b734..0643348e7 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/networking/_curlcffi.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/networking/_curlcffi.py
@@ -31,9 +31,9 @@ if curl_cffi is None:
 
 curl_cffi_version = tuple(map(int, re.split(r'[^\d]+', curl_cffi.__version__)[:3]))
 
-if curl_cffi_version != (0, 5, 10) and not ((0, 7, 0) <= curl_cffi_version < (0, 8, 0)):
+if curl_cffi_version != (0, 5, 10) and not ((0, 7, 0) <= curl_cffi_version < (0, 7, 2)):
     curl_cffi._yt_dlp__version = f'{curl_cffi.__version__} (unsupported)'
-    raise ImportError('Only curl_cffi versions 0.5.10, 0.7.X are supported')
+    raise ImportError('Only curl_cffi versions 0.5.10, 0.7.0 and 0.7.1 are supported')
 
 import curl_cffi.requests
 from curl_cffi.const import CurlECode, CurlOpt
diff --git a/yt_dlp/networking/_helper.py b/yt_dlp/networking/_helper.py
index fe3354ea2..b86d3606d 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/networking/_helper.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/networking/_helper.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import typing
 import urllib.parse
 import urllib.request
 
-from .exceptions import RequestError, UnsupportedRequest
+from .exceptions import RequestError
 from ..dependencies import certifi
 from ..socks import ProxyType, sockssocket
 from ..utils import format_field, traverse_obj
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ def wrap_request_errors(func):
     def wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs):
         try:
             return func(self, *args, **kwargs)
-        except UnsupportedRequest as e:
+        except RequestError as e:
             if e.handler is None:
                 e.handler = self
             raise
diff --git a/yt_dlp/networking/_websockets.py b/yt_dlp/networking/_websockets.py
index 492af1154..ec55567da 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/networking/_websockets.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/networking/_websockets.py
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ if not websockets:
 import websockets.version
 
 websockets_version = tuple(map(int_or_none, websockets.version.version.split('.')))
-if websockets_version < (12, 0):
-    raise ImportError('Only websockets>=12.0 is supported')
+if websockets_version < (13, 0):
+    raise ImportError('Only websockets>=13.0 is supported')
 
 import websockets.sync.client
 from websockets.uri import parse_uri
@@ -47,10 +47,7 @@ from websockets.uri import parse_uri
 # 2: "AttributeError: 'ClientConnection' object has no attribute 'recv_events_exc'. Did you mean: 'recv_events'?"
 import websockets.sync.connection  # isort: split
 with contextlib.suppress(Exception):
-    # > 12.0
     websockets.sync.connection.Connection.recv_exc = None
-    # 12.0
-    websockets.sync.connection.Connection.recv_events_exc = None
 
 
 class WebsocketsResponseAdapter(WebSocketResponse):
@@ -162,7 +159,7 @@ class WebsocketsRH(WebSocketRequestHandler):
                 additional_headers=headers,
                 open_timeout=timeout,
                 user_agent_header=None,
-                ssl_context=ssl_ctx if wsuri.secure else None,
+                ssl=ssl_ctx if wsuri.secure else None,
                 close_timeout=0,  # not ideal, but prevents yt-dlp hanging
             )
             return WebsocketsResponseAdapter(conn, url=request.url)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/options.py b/yt_dlp/options.py
index ffe2463fe..930d9d4be 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/options.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/options.py
@@ -408,10 +408,20 @@ def create_parser():
         help=(
             'Location of the main configuration file; either the path to the config or its containing directory '
             '("-" for stdin). Can be used multiple times and inside other configuration files'))
+    general.add_option(
+        '--plugin-dirs',
+        dest='plugin_dirs', metavar='PATH', action='append',
+        help=(
+            'Path to an additional directory to search for plugins. '
+            'This option can be used multiple times to add multiple directories. '
+            'Note that this currently only works for extractor plugins; '
+            'postprocessor plugins can only be loaded from the default plugin directories'))
     general.add_option(
         '--flat-playlist',
         action='store_const', dest='extract_flat', const='in_playlist', default=False,
-        help='Do not extract the videos of a playlist, only list them')
+        help=(
+            'Do not extract a playlist\'s URL result entries; '
+            'some entry metadata may be missing and downloading may be bypassed'))
     general.add_option(
         '--no-flat-playlist',
         action='store_false', dest='extract_flat',
@@ -475,13 +485,13 @@ def create_parser():
                 'no-attach-info-json', 'embed-thumbnail-atomicparsley', 'no-external-downloader-progress',
                 'embed-metadata', 'seperate-video-versions', 'no-clean-infojson', 'no-keep-subs', 'no-certifi',
                 'no-youtube-channel-redirect', 'no-youtube-unavailable-videos', 'no-youtube-prefer-utc-upload-date',
-                'prefer-legacy-http-handler', 'manifest-filesize-approx', 'allow-unsafe-ext',
+                'prefer-legacy-http-handler', 'manifest-filesize-approx', 'allow-unsafe-ext', 'prefer-vp9-sort',
             }, 'aliases': {
-                'youtube-dl': ['all', '-multistreams', '-playlist-match-filter', '-manifest-filesize-approx', '-allow-unsafe-ext'],
-                'youtube-dlc': ['all', '-no-youtube-channel-redirect', '-no-live-chat', '-playlist-match-filter', '-manifest-filesize-approx', '-allow-unsafe-ext'],
+                'youtube-dl': ['all', '-multistreams', '-playlist-match-filter', '-manifest-filesize-approx', '-allow-unsafe-ext', '-prefer-vp9-sort'],
+                'youtube-dlc': ['all', '-no-youtube-channel-redirect', '-no-live-chat', '-playlist-match-filter', '-manifest-filesize-approx', '-allow-unsafe-ext', '-prefer-vp9-sort'],
                 '2021': ['2022', 'no-certifi', 'filename-sanitization'],
                 '2022': ['2023', 'no-external-downloader-progress', 'playlist-match-filter', 'prefer-legacy-http-handler', 'manifest-filesize-approx'],
-                '2023': [],
+                '2023': ['prefer-vp9-sort'],
             },
         }, help=(
             'Options that can help keep compatibility with youtube-dl or youtube-dlc '
@@ -623,13 +633,13 @@ def create_parser():
         metavar='DATE', dest='datebefore', default=None,
         help=(
             'Download only videos uploaded on or before this date. '
-            'The date formats accepted is the same as --date'))
+            'The date formats accepted are the same as --date'))
     selection.add_option(
         '--dateafter',
         metavar='DATE', dest='dateafter', default=None,
         help=(
             'Download only videos uploaded on or after this date. '
-            'The date formats accepted is the same as --date'))
+            'The date formats accepted are the same as --date'))
     selection.add_option(
         '--min-views',
         metavar='COUNT', dest='min_views', default=None, type=int,
@@ -647,16 +657,16 @@ def create_parser():
             'You can also simply specify a field to match if the field is present, '
             'use "!field" to check if the field is not present, and "&" to check multiple conditions. '
             'Use a "\\" to escape "&" or quotes if needed. If used multiple times, '
-            'the filter matches if at least one of the conditions is met. E.g. --match-filter '
-            '!is_live --match-filter "like_count>?100 & description~=\'(?i)\\bcats \\& dogs\\b\'" '
+            'the filter matches if at least one of the conditions is met. E.g. --match-filters '
+            '!is_live --match-filters "like_count>?100 & description~=\'(?i)\\bcats \\& dogs\\b\'" '
             'matches only videos that are not live OR those that have a like count more than 100 '
             '(or the like field is not available) and also has a description '
             'that contains the phrase "cats & dogs" (caseless). '
-            'Use "--match-filter -" to interactively ask whether to download each video'))
+            'Use "--match-filters -" to interactively ask whether to download each video'))
     selection.add_option(
         '--no-match-filters',
         dest='match_filter', action='store_const', const=None,
-        help='Do not use any --match-filter (default)')
+        help='Do not use any --match-filters (default)')
     selection.add_option(
         '--break-match-filters',
         metavar='FILTER', dest='breaking_match_filter', action='append',
@@ -692,7 +702,8 @@ def create_parser():
     selection.add_option(
         '--break-on-existing',
         action='store_true', dest='break_on_existing', default=False,
-        help='Stop the download process when encountering a file that is in the archive')
+        help='Stop the download process when encountering a file that is in the archive '
+             'supplied with the --download-archive option')
     selection.add_option(
         '--no-break-on-existing',
         action='store_false', dest='break_on_existing',
@@ -704,7 +715,7 @@ def create_parser():
     selection.add_option(
         '--break-per-input',
         action='store_true', dest='break_per_url', default=False,
-        help='Alters --max-downloads, --break-on-existing, --break-match-filter, and autonumber to reset per input URL')
+        help='Alters --max-downloads, --break-on-existing, --break-match-filters, and autonumber to reset per input URL')
     selection.add_option(
         '--no-break-per-input',
         action='store_false', dest='break_per_url',
@@ -825,7 +836,7 @@ def create_parser():
         '--prefer-free-formats',
         action='store_true', dest='prefer_free_formats', default=False,
         help=(
-            'Prefer video formats with free containers over non-free ones of same quality. '
+            'Prefer video formats with free containers over non-free ones of the same quality. '
             'Use with "-S ext" to strictly prefer free containers irrespective of quality'))
     video_format.add_option(
         '--no-prefer-free-formats',
@@ -899,13 +910,14 @@ def create_parser():
     subtitles.add_option(
         '--sub-format',
         action='store', dest='subtitlesformat', metavar='FORMAT', default='best',
-        help='Subtitle format; accepts formats preference, e.g. "srt" or "ass/srt/best"')
+        help='Subtitle format; accepts formats preference separated by "/", e.g. "srt" or "ass/srt/best"')
     subtitles.add_option(
         '--sub-langs', '--srt-langs',
         action='callback', dest='subtitleslangs', metavar='LANGS', type='str',
         default=[], callback=_list_from_options_callback,
         help=(
-            'Languages of the subtitles to download (can be regex) or "all" separated by commas, e.g. --sub-langs "en.*,ja". '
+            'Languages of the subtitles to download (can be regex) or "all" separated by commas, e.g. --sub-langs "en.*,ja" '
+            '(where "en.*" is a regex pattern that matches "en" followed by 0 or more of any character). '
             'You can prefix the language code with a "-" to exclude it from the requested languages, e.g. --sub-langs all,-live_chat. '
             'Use --list-subs for a list of available language tags'))
 
@@ -1174,7 +1186,7 @@ def create_parser():
         '--print-to-file',
         metavar='[WHEN:]TEMPLATE FILE', dest='print_to_file', nargs=2, **when_prefix('video'),
         help=(
-            'Append given template to the file. The values of WHEN and TEMPLATE are same as that of --print. '
+            'Append given template to the file. The values of WHEN and TEMPLATE are the same as that of --print. '
             'FILE uses the same syntax as the output template. This option can be used multiple times'))
     verbosity.add_option(
         '-g', '--get-url',
@@ -1218,7 +1230,7 @@ def create_parser():
         '-J', '--dump-single-json',
         action='store_true', dest='dump_single_json', default=False,
         help=(
-            'Quiet, but print JSON information for each url or infojson passed. Simulate unless --no-simulate is used. '
+            'Quiet, but print JSON information for each URL or infojson passed. Simulate unless --no-simulate is used. '
             'If the URL refers to a playlist, the whole playlist information is dumped in a single line'))
     verbosity.add_option(
         '--print-json',
@@ -1562,7 +1574,7 @@ def create_parser():
         help=(
             'Remux the video into another container if necessary '
             f'(currently supported: {", ".join(FFmpegVideoRemuxerPP.SUPPORTED_EXTS)}). '
-            'If target container does not support the video/audio codec, remuxing will fail. You can specify multiple rules; '
+            'If the target container does not support the video/audio codec, remuxing will fail. You can specify multiple rules; '
             'e.g. "aac>m4a/mov>mp4/mkv" will remux aac to m4a, mov to mp4 and anything else to mkv'))
     postproc.add_option(
         '--recode-video',
@@ -1668,7 +1680,7 @@ def create_parser():
     postproc.add_option(
         '--xattrs', '--xattr',
         action='store_true', dest='xattrs', default=False,
-        help='Write metadata to the video file\'s xattrs (using dublin core and xdg standards)')
+        help='Write metadata to the video file\'s xattrs (using Dublin Core and XDG standards)')
     postproc.add_option(
         '--concat-playlist',
         metavar='POLICY', dest='concat_playlist', default='multi_video',
@@ -1676,7 +1688,7 @@ def create_parser():
         help=(
             'Concatenate videos in a playlist. One of "never", "always", or '
             '"multi_video" (default; only when the videos form a single show). '
-            'All the video files must have same codecs and number of streams to be concatable. '
+            'All the video files must have the same codecs and number of streams to be concatenable. '
             'The "pl_video:" prefix can be used with "--paths" and "--output" to '
             'set the output filename for the concatenated files. See "OUTPUT TEMPLATE" for details'))
     postproc.add_option(
@@ -1686,8 +1698,8 @@ def create_parser():
         help=(
             'Automatically correct known faults of the file. '
             'One of never (do nothing), warn (only emit a warning), '
-            'detect_or_warn (the default; fix file if we can, warn otherwise), '
-            'force (try fixing even if file already exists)'))
+            'detect_or_warn (the default; fix the file if we can, warn otherwise), '
+            'force (try fixing even if the file already exists)'))
     postproc.add_option(
         '--prefer-avconv', '--no-prefer-ffmpeg',
         action='store_false', dest='prefer_ffmpeg',
@@ -1706,7 +1718,7 @@ def create_parser():
         help=(
             'Execute a command, optionally prefixed with when to execute it, separated by a ":". '
             'Supported values of "WHEN" are the same as that of --use-postprocessor (default: after_move). '
-            'Same syntax as the output template can be used to pass any field as arguments to the command. '
+            'The same syntax as the output template can be used to pass any field as arguments to the command. '
             'If no fields are passed, %(filepath,_filename|)q is appended to the end of the command. '
             'This option can be used multiple times'))
     postproc.add_option(
@@ -1725,15 +1737,17 @@ def create_parser():
         '--convert-subs', '--convert-sub', '--convert-subtitles',
         metavar='FORMAT', dest='convertsubtitles', default=None,
         help=(
-            'Convert the subtitles to another format (currently supported: {}) '
-            '(Alias: --convert-subtitles)'.format(', '.join(sorted(FFmpegSubtitlesConvertorPP.SUPPORTED_EXTS)))))
+            'Convert the subtitles to another format '
+            f'(currently supported: {", ".join(sorted(FFmpegSubtitlesConvertorPP.SUPPORTED_EXTS))}). '
+            'Use "--convert-subs none" to disable conversion (default) (Alias: --convert-subtitles)'))
     postproc.add_option(
         '--convert-thumbnails',
         metavar='FORMAT', dest='convertthumbnails', default=None,
         help=(
             'Convert the thumbnails to another format '
             f'(currently supported: {", ".join(sorted(FFmpegThumbnailsConvertorPP.SUPPORTED_EXTS))}). '
-            'You can specify multiple rules using similar syntax as --remux-video'))
+            'You can specify multiple rules using similar syntax as "--remux-video". '
+            'Use "--convert-thumbnails none" to disable conversion (default)'))
     postproc.add_option(
         '--split-chapters', '--split-tracks',
         dest='split_chapters', action='store_true', default=False,
@@ -1775,14 +1789,14 @@ def create_parser():
             'delim': None,
             'process': lambda val: dict(_postprocessor_opts_parser(*val.split(':', 1))),
         }, help=(
-            'The (case sensitive) name of plugin postprocessors to be enabled, '
+            'The (case-sensitive) name of plugin postprocessors to be enabled, '
             'and (optionally) arguments to be passed to it, separated by a colon ":". '
             'ARGS are a semicolon ";" delimited list of NAME=VALUE. '
             'The "when" argument determines when the postprocessor is invoked. '
             'It can be one of "pre_process" (after video extraction), "after_filter" (after video passes filter), '
             '"video" (after --format; before --print/--output), "before_dl" (before each video download), '
             '"post_process" (after each video download; default), '
-            '"after_move" (after moving video file to its final locations), '
+            '"after_move" (after moving the video file to its final location), '
             '"after_video" (after downloading and processing all formats of a video), '
             'or "playlist" (at end of playlist). '
             'This option can be used multiple times to add different postprocessors'))
@@ -1799,7 +1813,7 @@ def create_parser():
         }, help=(
             'SponsorBlock categories to create chapters for, separated by commas. '
             f'Available categories are {", ".join(SponsorBlockPP.CATEGORIES.keys())}, all and default (=all). '
-            'You can prefix the category with a "-" to exclude it. See [1] for description of the categories. '
+            'You can prefix the category with a "-" to exclude it. See [1] for descriptions of the categories. '
             'E.g. --sponsorblock-mark all,-preview [1] https://wiki.sponsor.ajay.app/w/Segment_Categories'))
     sponsorblock.add_option(
         '--sponsorblock-remove', metavar='CATS',
@@ -1885,7 +1899,7 @@ def create_parser():
     extractor.add_option(
         '--no-hls-split-discontinuity',
         dest='hls_split_discontinuity', action='store_false',
-        help='Do not split HLS playlists to different formats at discontinuities such as ad breaks (default)')
+        help='Do not split HLS playlists into different formats at discontinuities such as ad breaks (default)')
     _extractor_arg_parser = lambda key, vals='': (key.strip().lower().replace('-', '_'), [
         val.replace(r'\,', ',').strip() for val in re.split(r'(?<!\\),', vals)])
     extractor.add_option(
diff --git a/yt_dlp/plugins.py b/yt_dlp/plugins.py
index 3cc879fd7..94335a9a3 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/plugins.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/plugins.py
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 import contextlib
+import functools
 import importlib
 import importlib.abc
 import importlib.machinery
 import importlib.util
 import inspect
 import itertools
+import os
 import pkgutil
 import sys
 import traceback
@@ -12,8 +14,8 @@ import zipimport
 from pathlib import Path
 from zipfile import ZipFile
 
-from .compat import functools  # isort: split
 from .utils import (
+    Config,
     get_executable_path,
     get_system_config_dirs,
     get_user_config_dirs,
@@ -83,6 +85,12 @@ class PluginFinder(importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder):
         with contextlib.suppress(ValueError):  # Added when running __main__.py directly
             candidate_locations.remove(Path(__file__).parent)
 
+        # TODO(coletdjnz): remove when plugin globals system is implemented
+        if Config._plugin_dirs:
+            candidate_locations.extend(_get_package_paths(
+                *Config._plugin_dirs,
+                containing_folder=''))
+
         parts = Path(*fullname.split('.'))
         for path in orderedSet(candidate_locations, lazy=True):
             candidate = path / parts
@@ -137,6 +145,8 @@ def load_module(module, module_name, suffix):
 
 def load_plugins(name, suffix):
     classes = {}
+    if os.environ.get('YTDLP_NO_PLUGINS'):
+        return classes
 
     for finder, module_name, _ in iter_modules(name):
         if any(x.startswith('_') for x in module_name.split('.')):
@@ -173,4 +183,4 @@ def load_plugins(name, suffix):
 
 sys.meta_path.insert(0, PluginFinder(f'{PACKAGE_NAME}.extractor', f'{PACKAGE_NAME}.postprocessor'))
 
-__all__ = ['directories', 'load_plugins', 'PACKAGE_NAME', 'COMPAT_PACKAGE_NAME']
+__all__ = ['COMPAT_PACKAGE_NAME', 'PACKAGE_NAME', 'directories', 'load_plugins']
diff --git a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/__init__.py b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/__init__.py
index 164540b5d..7b1620544 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/__init__.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/__init__.py
@@ -44,4 +44,4 @@ def get_postprocessor(key):
 
 globals().update(_PLUGIN_CLASSES)
 __all__ = [name for name in globals() if name.endswith('PP')]
-__all__.extend(('PostProcessor', 'FFmpegPostProcessor'))
+__all__.extend(('FFmpegPostProcessor', 'PostProcessor'))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/common.py b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/common.py
index eeeece82c..be2bb33f6 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/common.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/common.py
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ from ..utils import (
     RetryManager,
     _configuration_args,
     deprecation_warning,
-    encodeFilename,
 )
 
 
@@ -151,7 +150,7 @@ class PostProcessor(metaclass=PostProcessorMetaClass):
 
     def try_utime(self, path, atime, mtime, errnote='Cannot update utime of file'):
         try:
-            os.utime(encodeFilename(path), (atime, mtime))
+            os.utime(path, (atime, mtime))
         except Exception:
             self.report_warning(errnote)
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/embedthumbnail.py b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/embedthumbnail.py
index 16c8bcdda..d8ba220ca 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/embedthumbnail.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/embedthumbnail.py
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ from ..utils import (
     PostProcessingError,
     check_executable,
     encodeArgument,
-    encodeFilename,
     prepend_extension,
     shell_quote,
 )
@@ -68,7 +67,7 @@ class EmbedThumbnailPP(FFmpegPostProcessor):
             self.to_screen('There are no thumbnails on disk')
             return [], info
         thumbnail_filename = info['thumbnails'][idx]['filepath']
-        if not os.path.exists(encodeFilename(thumbnail_filename)):
+        if not os.path.exists(thumbnail_filename):
             self.report_warning('Skipping embedding the thumbnail because the file is missing.')
             return [], info
 
@@ -85,7 +84,7 @@ class EmbedThumbnailPP(FFmpegPostProcessor):
             thumbnail_filename = convertor.convert_thumbnail(thumbnail_filename, 'png')
             thumbnail_ext = 'png'
 
-        mtime = os.stat(encodeFilename(filename)).st_mtime
+        mtime = os.stat(filename).st_mtime
 
         success = True
         if info['ext'] == 'mp3':
@@ -154,12 +153,12 @@ class EmbedThumbnailPP(FFmpegPostProcessor):
                 else:
                     if not prefer_atomicparsley:
                         self.to_screen('mutagen was not found. Falling back to AtomicParsley')
-                    cmd = [encodeFilename(atomicparsley, True),
-                           encodeFilename(filename, True),
+                    cmd = [atomicparsley,
+                           filename,
                            encodeArgument('--artwork'),
-                           encodeFilename(thumbnail_filename, True),
+                           thumbnail_filename,
                            encodeArgument('-o'),
-                           encodeFilename(temp_filename, True)]
+                           temp_filename]
                     cmd += [encodeArgument(o) for o in self._configuration_args('AtomicParsley')]
 
                     self._report_run('atomicparsley', filename)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/ffmpeg.py b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/ffmpeg.py
index 164c46d14..8965806ae 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/ffmpeg.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/ffmpeg.py
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ from ..utils import (
     determine_ext,
     dfxp2srt,
     encodeArgument,
-    encodeFilename,
     filter_dict,
     float_or_none,
     is_outdated_version,
@@ -243,13 +242,13 @@ class FFmpegPostProcessor(PostProcessor):
         try:
             if self.probe_available:
                 cmd = [
-                    encodeFilename(self.probe_executable, True),
+                    self.probe_executable,
                     encodeArgument('-show_streams')]
             else:
                 cmd = [
-                    encodeFilename(self.executable, True),
+                    self.executable,
                     encodeArgument('-i')]
-            cmd.append(encodeFilename(self._ffmpeg_filename_argument(path), True))
+            cmd.append(self._ffmpeg_filename_argument(path))
             self.write_debug(f'{self.basename} command line: {shell_quote(cmd)}')
             stdout, stderr, returncode = Popen.run(
                 cmd, text=True, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
@@ -282,7 +281,7 @@ class FFmpegPostProcessor(PostProcessor):
         self.check_version()
 
         cmd = [
-            encodeFilename(self.probe_executable, True),
+            self.probe_executable,
             encodeArgument('-hide_banner'),
             encodeArgument('-show_format'),
             encodeArgument('-show_streams'),
@@ -335,9 +334,9 @@ class FFmpegPostProcessor(PostProcessor):
         self.check_version()
 
         oldest_mtime = min(
-            os.stat(encodeFilename(path)).st_mtime for path, _ in input_path_opts if path)
+            os.stat(path).st_mtime for path, _ in input_path_opts if path)
 
-        cmd = [encodeFilename(self.executable, True), encodeArgument('-y')]
+        cmd = [self.executable, encodeArgument('-y')]
         # avconv does not have repeat option
         if self.basename == 'ffmpeg':
             cmd += [encodeArgument('-loglevel'), encodeArgument('repeat+info')]
@@ -353,7 +352,7 @@ class FFmpegPostProcessor(PostProcessor):
                 args.append('-i')
             return (
                 [encodeArgument(arg) for arg in args]
-                + [encodeFilename(self._ffmpeg_filename_argument(file), True)])
+                + [self._ffmpeg_filename_argument(file)])
 
         for arg_type, path_opts in (('i', input_path_opts), ('o', output_path_opts)):
             cmd += itertools.chain.from_iterable(
@@ -522,8 +521,8 @@ class FFmpegExtractAudioPP(FFmpegPostProcessor):
                 return [], information
             orig_path = prepend_extension(path, 'orig')
             temp_path = prepend_extension(path, 'temp')
-        if (self._nopostoverwrites and os.path.exists(encodeFilename(new_path))
-                and os.path.exists(encodeFilename(orig_path))):
+        if (self._nopostoverwrites and os.path.exists(new_path)
+                and os.path.exists(orig_path)):
             self.to_screen(f'Post-process file {new_path} exists, skipping')
             return [], information
 
@@ -627,7 +626,7 @@ class FFmpegEmbedSubtitlePP(FFmpegPostProcessor):
             sub_ext = sub_info['ext']
             if sub_ext == 'json':
                 self.report_warning('JSON subtitles cannot be embedded')
-            elif ext != 'webm' or ext == 'webm' and sub_ext == 'vtt':
+            elif ext != 'webm' or (ext == 'webm' and sub_ext == 'vtt'):
                 sub_langs.append(lang)
                 sub_names.append(sub_info.get('name'))
                 sub_filenames.append(sub_info['filepath'])
@@ -838,7 +837,7 @@ class FFmpegMergerPP(FFmpegPostProcessor):
                 args.extend(['-map', f'{i}:v:0'])
         self.to_screen(f'Merging formats into "{filename}"')
         self.run_ffmpeg_multiple_files(info['__files_to_merge'], temp_filename, args)
-        os.rename(encodeFilename(temp_filename), encodeFilename(filename))
+        os.rename(temp_filename, filename)
         return info['__files_to_merge'], info
 
     def can_merge(self):
@@ -1039,7 +1038,7 @@ class FFmpegSplitChaptersPP(FFmpegPostProcessor):
 
     def _ffmpeg_args_for_chapter(self, number, chapter, info):
         destination = self._prepare_filename(number, chapter, info)
-        if not self._downloader._ensure_dir_exists(encodeFilename(destination)):
+        if not self._downloader._ensure_dir_exists(destination):
             return
 
         chapter['filepath'] = destination
diff --git a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/movefilesafterdownload.py b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/movefilesafterdownload.py
index 35e87051b..964ca1f92 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/movefilesafterdownload.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/movefilesafterdownload.py
@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@ from .common import PostProcessor
 from ..compat import shutil
 from ..utils import (
     PostProcessingError,
-    decodeFilename,
-    encodeFilename,
     make_dir,
 )
 
@@ -21,25 +19,25 @@ class MoveFilesAfterDownloadPP(PostProcessor):
         return 'MoveFiles'
 
     def run(self, info):
-        dl_path, dl_name = os.path.split(encodeFilename(info['filepath']))
+        dl_path, dl_name = os.path.split(info['filepath'])
         finaldir = info.get('__finaldir', dl_path)
         finalpath = os.path.join(finaldir, dl_name)
         if self._downloaded:
-            info['__files_to_move'][info['filepath']] = decodeFilename(finalpath)
+            info['__files_to_move'][info['filepath']] = finalpath
 
-        make_newfilename = lambda old: decodeFilename(os.path.join(finaldir, os.path.basename(encodeFilename(old))))
+        make_newfilename = lambda old: os.path.join(finaldir, os.path.basename(old))
         for oldfile, newfile in info['__files_to_move'].items():
             if not newfile:
                 newfile = make_newfilename(oldfile)
-            if os.path.abspath(encodeFilename(oldfile)) == os.path.abspath(encodeFilename(newfile)):
+            if os.path.abspath(oldfile) == os.path.abspath(newfile):
                 continue
-            if not os.path.exists(encodeFilename(oldfile)):
+            if not os.path.exists(oldfile):
                 self.report_warning(f'File "{oldfile}" cannot be found')
                 continue
-            if os.path.exists(encodeFilename(newfile)):
+            if os.path.exists(newfile):
                 if self.get_param('overwrites', True):
                     self.report_warning(f'Replacing existing file "{newfile}"')
-                    os.remove(encodeFilename(newfile))
+                    os.remove(newfile)
                 else:
                     self.report_warning(
                         f'Cannot move file "{oldfile}" out of temporary directory since "{newfile}" already exists. ')
diff --git a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/sponskrub.py b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/sponskrub.py
index 525b6392a..ac6db1bc7 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/sponskrub.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/sponskrub.py
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ from ..utils import (
     check_executable,
     cli_option,
     encodeArgument,
-    encodeFilename,
     prepend_extension,
     shell_quote,
     str_or_none,
@@ -52,7 +51,7 @@ class SponSkrubPP(PostProcessor):
             return [], information
 
         filename = information['filepath']
-        if not os.path.exists(encodeFilename(filename)):  # no download
+        if not os.path.exists(filename):  # no download
             return [], information
 
         if information['extractor_key'].lower() != 'youtube':
@@ -71,8 +70,8 @@ class SponSkrubPP(PostProcessor):
                 self.report_warning('If sponskrub is run multiple times, unintended parts of the video could be cut out.')
 
         temp_filename = prepend_extension(filename, self._temp_ext)
-        if os.path.exists(encodeFilename(temp_filename)):
-            os.remove(encodeFilename(temp_filename))
+        if os.path.exists(temp_filename):
+            os.remove(temp_filename)
 
         cmd = [self.path]
         if not self.cutout:
diff --git a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/sponsorblock.py b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/sponsorblock.py
index 6cf9ab62e..b3fc8b54a 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/sponsorblock.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/sponsorblock.py
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ class SponsorBlockPP(FFmpegPostProcessor):
     def __init__(self, downloader, categories=None, api='https://sponsor.ajay.app'):
         FFmpegPostProcessor.__init__(self, downloader)
         self._categories = tuple(categories or self.CATEGORIES.keys())
-        self._API_URL = api if re.match('^https?://', api) else 'https://' + api
+        self._API_URL = api if re.match('https?://', api) else 'https://' + api
 
     def run(self, info):
         extractor = info['extractor_key']
diff --git a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/xattrpp.py b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/xattrpp.py
index f822eff41..e486b797b 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/xattrpp.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/xattrpp.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import os
 
 from .common import PostProcessor
-from ..compat import compat_os_name
 from ..utils import (
     PostProcessingError,
     XAttrMetadataError,
@@ -26,38 +25,40 @@ class XAttrMetadataPP(PostProcessor):
 
     XATTR_MAPPING = {
         'user.xdg.referrer.url': 'webpage_url',
-        # 'user.xdg.comment': 'description',
         'user.dublincore.title': 'title',
         'user.dublincore.date': 'upload_date',
-        'user.dublincore.description': 'description',
         'user.dublincore.contributor': 'uploader',
         'user.dublincore.format': 'format',
+        # We do this last because it may get us close to the xattr limits
+        # (e.g., 4kB on ext4), and we don't want to have the other ones fail
+        'user.dublincore.description': 'description',
+        # 'user.xdg.comment': 'description',
     }
 
     def run(self, info):
         mtime = os.stat(info['filepath']).st_mtime
         self.to_screen('Writing metadata to file\'s xattrs')
-        try:
-            for xattrname, infoname in self.XATTR_MAPPING.items():
+        for xattrname, infoname in self.XATTR_MAPPING.items():
+            try:
                 value = info.get(infoname)
                 if value:
                     if infoname == 'upload_date':
                         value = hyphenate_date(value)
                     write_xattr(info['filepath'], xattrname, value.encode())
 
-        except XAttrUnavailableError as e:
-            raise PostProcessingError(str(e))
-        except XAttrMetadataError as e:
-            if e.reason == 'NO_SPACE':
-                self.report_warning(
-                    'There\'s no disk space left, disk quota exceeded or filesystem xattr limit exceeded. '
-                    'Some extended attributes are not written')
-            elif e.reason == 'VALUE_TOO_LONG':
-                self.report_warning('Unable to write extended attributes due to too long values.')
-            else:
-                tip = ('You need to use NTFS' if compat_os_name == 'nt'
-                       else 'You may have to enable them in your "/etc/fstab"')
-                raise PostProcessingError(f'This filesystem doesn\'t support extended attributes. {tip}')
+            except XAttrUnavailableError as e:
+                raise PostProcessingError(str(e))
+            except XAttrMetadataError as e:
+                if e.reason == 'NO_SPACE':
+                    self.report_warning(
+                        'There\'s no disk space left, disk quota exceeded or filesystem xattr limit exceeded. '
+                        f'Extended attribute "{xattrname}" was not written.')
+                elif e.reason == 'VALUE_TOO_LONG':
+                    self.report_warning(f'Unable to write extended attribute "{xattrname}" due to too long values.')
+                else:
+                    tip = ('You need to use NTFS' if os.name == 'nt'
+                           else 'You may have to enable them in your "/etc/fstab"')
+                    raise PostProcessingError(f'This filesystem doesn\'t support extended attributes. {tip}')
 
         self.try_utime(info['filepath'], mtime, mtime)
         return [], info
diff --git a/yt_dlp/update.py b/yt_dlp/update.py
index 72ae29084..ca2ec5f37 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/update.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/update.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import atexit
 import contextlib
+import functools
 import hashlib
 import json
 import os
@@ -12,8 +13,6 @@ import sys
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from zipimport import zipimporter
 
-from .compat import functools  # isort: split
-from .compat import compat_realpath
 from .networking import Request
 from .networking.exceptions import HTTPError, network_exceptions
 from .utils import (
@@ -103,7 +102,6 @@ def current_git_head():
 
 _FILE_SUFFIXES = {
     'zip': '',
-    'py2exe': '_min.exe',
     'win_exe': '.exe',
     'win_x86_exe': '_x86.exe',
     'darwin_exe': '_macos',
@@ -117,6 +115,7 @@ _NON_UPDATEABLE_REASONS = {
     **{variant: None for variant in _FILE_SUFFIXES},  # Updatable
     **{variant: f'Auto-update is not supported for unpackaged {name} executable; Re-download the latest release'
        for variant, name in {'win32_dir': 'Windows', 'darwin_dir': 'MacOS', 'linux_dir': 'Linux'}.items()},
+    'py2exe': 'py2exe is no longer supported by yt-dlp; This executable cannot be updated',
     'source': 'You cannot update when running from source code; Use git to pull the latest changes',
     'unknown': 'You installed yt-dlp from a manual build or with a package manager; Use that to update',
     'other': 'You are using an unofficial build of yt-dlp; Build the executable again',
@@ -135,20 +134,18 @@ def _get_binary_name():
 
 
 def _get_system_deprecation():
-    MIN_SUPPORTED, MIN_RECOMMENDED = (3, 8), (3, 8)
+    MIN_SUPPORTED, MIN_RECOMMENDED = (3, 9), (3, 9)
 
     if sys.version_info > MIN_RECOMMENDED:
         return None
 
     major, minor = sys.version_info[:2]
-    if sys.version_info < MIN_SUPPORTED:
-        msg = f'Python version {major}.{minor} is no longer supported'
-    else:
-        msg = (f'Support for Python version {major}.{minor} has been deprecated. '
-               '\nYou may stop receiving updates on this version at any time')
+    PYTHON_MSG = f'Please update to Python {".".join(map(str, MIN_RECOMMENDED))} or above'
 
-    major, minor = MIN_RECOMMENDED
-    return f'{msg}! Please update to Python {major}.{minor} or above'
+    if sys.version_info < MIN_SUPPORTED:
+        return f'Python version {major}.{minor} is no longer supported! {PYTHON_MSG}'
+
+    return f'Support for Python version {major}.{minor} has been deprecated. {PYTHON_MSG}'
 
 
 def _sha256_file(path):
@@ -203,8 +200,6 @@ class UpdateInfo:
     binary_name: str | None = _get_binary_name()  # noqa: RUF009: Always returns the same value
     checksum: str | None = None
 
-    _has_update = True
-
 
 class Updater:
     # XXX: use class variables to simplify testing
@@ -340,7 +335,8 @@ class Updater:
                     continue
 
                 self._report_error(
-                    f'yt-dlp cannot be updated to {resolved_tag} since you are on an older Python version', True)
+                    f'yt-dlp cannot be updated to {resolved_tag} since you are on an older Python version '
+                    'or your operating system is not compatible with the requested build', True)
                 return None
 
         return resolved_tag
@@ -503,7 +499,7 @@ class Updater:
                 return os.rename(old_filename, self.filename)
 
         variant = detect_variant()
-        if variant.startswith('win') or variant == 'py2exe':
+        if variant.startswith('win'):
             atexit.register(Popen, f'ping 127.0.0.1 -n 5 -w 1000 & del /F "{old_filename}"',
                             shell=True, stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL)
         elif old_filename:
@@ -524,7 +520,7 @@ class Updater:
     @functools.cached_property
     def filename(self):
         """Filename of the executable"""
-        return compat_realpath(_get_variant_and_executable_path()[1])
+        return os.path.realpath(_get_variant_and_executable_path()[1])
 
     @functools.cached_property
     def cmd(self):
@@ -563,62 +559,14 @@ class Updater:
             f'Unable to {action}{delim} visit  '
             f'https://github.com/{self.requested_repo}/releases/{path}', True)
 
-    # XXX: Everything below this line in this class is deprecated / for compat only
-    @property
-    def _target_tag(self):
-        """Deprecated; requested tag with 'tags/' prepended when necessary for API calls"""
-        return f'tags/{self.requested_tag}' if self.requested_tag != 'latest' else self.requested_tag
-
-    def _check_update(self):
-        """Deprecated; report whether there is an update available"""
-        return bool(self.query_update(_output=True))
-
-    def __getattr__(self, attribute: str):
-        """Compat getter function for deprecated attributes"""
-        deprecated_props_map = {
-            'check_update': '_check_update',
-            'target_tag': '_target_tag',
-            'target_channel': 'requested_channel',
-        }
-        update_info_props_map = {
-            'has_update': '_has_update',
-            'new_version': 'version',
-            'latest_version': 'requested_version',
-            'release_name': 'binary_name',
-            'release_hash': 'checksum',
-        }
-
-        if attribute not in deprecated_props_map and attribute not in update_info_props_map:
-            raise AttributeError(f'{type(self).__name__!r} object has no attribute {attribute!r}')
-
-        msg = f'{type(self).__name__}.{attribute} is deprecated and will be removed in a future version'
-        if attribute in deprecated_props_map:
-            source_name = deprecated_props_map[attribute]
-            if not source_name.startswith('_'):
-                msg += f'. Please use {source_name!r} instead'
-            source = self
-            mapping = deprecated_props_map
-
-        else:  # attribute in update_info_props_map
-            msg += '. Please call query_update() instead'
-            source = self.query_update()
-            if source is None:
-                source = UpdateInfo('', None, None, None)
-                source._has_update = False
-            mapping = update_info_props_map
-
-        deprecation_warning(msg)
-        for target_name, source_name in mapping.items():
-            value = getattr(source, source_name)
-            setattr(self, target_name, value)
-
-        return getattr(self, attribute)
-
 
 def run_update(ydl):
     """Update the program file with the latest version from the repository
     @returns    Whether there was a successful update (No update = False)
     """
+    deprecation_warning(
+        '"yt_dlp.update.run_update(ydl)" is deprecated and may be removed in a future version. '
+        'Use "yt_dlp.update.Updater(ydl).update()" instead')
     return Updater(ydl).update()
 
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/utils/_deprecated.py b/yt_dlp/utils/_deprecated.py
index a8ae8ecb5..e4762699b 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/utils/_deprecated.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/utils/_deprecated.py
@@ -9,31 +9,23 @@ passthrough_module(__name__, '.._legacy', callback=lambda attr: warnings.warn(
 del passthrough_module
 
 
-from ._utils import preferredencoding
+import re
+import struct
 
 
-def encodeFilename(s, for_subprocess=False):
-    assert isinstance(s, str)
-    return s
+def bytes_to_intlist(bs):
+    if not bs:
+        return []
+    if isinstance(bs[0], int):  # Python 3
+        return list(bs)
+    else:
+        return [ord(c) for c in bs]
 
 
-def decodeFilename(b, for_subprocess=False):
-    return b
+def intlist_to_bytes(xs):
+    if not xs:
+        return b''
+    return struct.pack('%dB' % len(xs), *xs)
 
 
-def decodeArgument(b):
-    return b
-
-
-def decodeOption(optval):
-    if optval is None:
-        return optval
-    if isinstance(optval, bytes):
-        optval = optval.decode(preferredencoding())
-
-    assert isinstance(optval, str)
-    return optval
-
-
-def error_to_compat_str(err):
-    return str(err)
+compiled_regex_type = type(re.compile(''))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/utils/_legacy.py b/yt_dlp/utils/_legacy.py
index 356e58022..d65b135d9 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/utils/_legacy.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/utils/_legacy.py
@@ -313,3 +313,30 @@ def make_HTTPS_handler(params, **kwargs):
 
 def process_communicate_or_kill(p, *args, **kwargs):
     return Popen.communicate_or_kill(p, *args, **kwargs)
+
+
+def encodeFilename(s, for_subprocess=False):
+    assert isinstance(s, str)
+    return s
+
+
+def decodeFilename(b, for_subprocess=False):
+    return b
+
+
+def decodeArgument(b):
+    return b
+
+
+def decodeOption(optval):
+    if optval is None:
+        return optval
+    if isinstance(optval, bytes):
+        optval = optval.decode(preferredencoding())
+
+    assert isinstance(optval, str)
+    return optval
+
+
+def error_to_compat_str(err):
+    return str(err)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/utils/_utils.py b/yt_dlp/utils/_utils.py
index 0d3e707c5..699bf1e7f 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/utils/_utils.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/utils/_utils.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import datetime as dt
 import email.header
 import email.utils
 import errno
+import functools
 import hashlib
 import hmac
 import html.entities
@@ -44,20 +45,15 @@ import xml.etree.ElementTree
 
 from . import traversal
 
-from ..compat import functools  # isort: split
 from ..compat import (
     compat_etree_fromstring,
     compat_expanduser,
     compat_HTMLParseError,
-    compat_os_name,
 )
 from ..dependencies import xattr
 
 __name__ = __name__.rsplit('.', 1)[0]  # noqa: A001: Pretend to be the parent module
 
-# This is not clearly defined otherwise
-compiled_regex_type = type(re.compile(''))
-
 
 class NO_DEFAULT:
     pass
@@ -212,6 +208,23 @@ def write_json_file(obj, fn):
         raise
 
 
+def partial_application(func):
+    sig = inspect.signature(func)
+    required_args = [
+        param.name for param in sig.parameters.values()
+        if param.kind in (inspect.Parameter.POSITIONAL_ONLY, inspect.Parameter.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD)
+        if param.default is inspect.Parameter.empty
+    ]
+
+    @functools.wraps(func)
+    def wrapped(*args, **kwargs):
+        if set(required_args[len(args):]).difference(kwargs):
+            return functools.partial(func, *args, **kwargs)
+        return func(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    return wrapped
+
+
 def find_xpath_attr(node, xpath, key, val=None):
     """ Find the xpath xpath[@key=val] """
     assert re.match(r'^[a-zA-Z_-]+$', key)
@@ -664,31 +677,51 @@ def sanitize_filename(s, restricted=False, is_id=NO_DEFAULT):
     return result
 
 
+def _sanitize_path_parts(parts):
+    sanitized_parts = []
+    for part in parts:
+        if not part or part == '.':
+            continue
+        elif part == '..':
+            if sanitized_parts and sanitized_parts[-1] != '..':
+                sanitized_parts.pop()
+            sanitized_parts.append('..')
+            continue
+        # Replace invalid segments with `#`
+        # - trailing dots and spaces (`asdf...` => `asdf..#`)
+        # - invalid chars (`<>` => `##`)
+        sanitized_part = re.sub(r'[/<>:"\|\\?\*]|[\s.]$', '#', part)
+        sanitized_parts.append(sanitized_part)
+
+    return sanitized_parts
+
+
 def sanitize_path(s, force=False):
     """Sanitizes and normalizes path on Windows"""
-    # XXX: this handles drive relative paths (c:sth) incorrectly
-    if sys.platform == 'win32':
-        force = False
-        drive_or_unc, _ = os.path.splitdrive(s)
-    elif force:
-        drive_or_unc = ''
-    else:
-        return s
+    if sys.platform != 'win32':
+        if not force:
+            return s
+        root = '/' if s.startswith('/') else ''
+        return root + '/'.join(_sanitize_path_parts(s.split('/')))
 
-    norm_path = os.path.normpath(remove_start(s, drive_or_unc)).split(os.path.sep)
-    if drive_or_unc:
-        norm_path.pop(0)
-    sanitized_path = [
-        path_part if path_part in ['.', '..'] else re.sub(r'(?:[/<>:"\|\\?\*]|[\s.]$)', '#', path_part)
-        for path_part in norm_path]
-    if drive_or_unc:
-        sanitized_path.insert(0, drive_or_unc + os.path.sep)
-    elif force and s and s[0] == os.path.sep:
-        sanitized_path.insert(0, os.path.sep)
-    # TODO: Fix behavioral differences <3.12
-    # The workaround using `normpath` only superficially passes tests
-    # Ref: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/100351
-    return os.path.normpath(os.path.join(*sanitized_path))
+    normed = s.replace('/', '\\')
+
+    if normed.startswith('\\\\'):
+        # UNC path (`\\SERVER\SHARE`) or device path (`\\.`, `\\?`)
+        parts = normed.split('\\')
+        root = '\\'.join(parts[:4]) + '\\'
+        parts = parts[4:]
+    elif normed[1:2] == ':':
+        # absolute path or drive relative path
+        offset = 3 if normed[2:3] == '\\' else 2
+        root = normed[:offset]
+        parts = normed[offset:].split('\\')
+    else:
+        # relative/drive root relative path
+        root = '\\' if normed[:1] == '\\' else ''
+        parts = normed.split('\\')
+
+    return root + '\\'.join(_sanitize_path_parts(parts))
 
 
 def sanitize_url(url, *, scheme='http'):
@@ -804,14 +837,18 @@ class Popen(subprocess.Popen):
         _startupinfo = None
 
     @staticmethod
-    def _fix_pyinstaller_ld_path(env):
-        """Restore LD_LIBRARY_PATH when using PyInstaller
-            Ref: https://github.com/pyinstaller/pyinstaller/blob/develop/doc/runtime-information.rst#ld_library_path--libpath-considerations
-                 https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/4573
-        """
+    def _fix_pyinstaller_issues(env):
         if not hasattr(sys, '_MEIPASS'):
             return
 
+        # Force spawning independent subprocesses for exes bundled with PyInstaller>=6.10
+        # Ref: https://pyinstaller.org/en/v6.10.0/CHANGES.html#incompatible-changes
+        #      https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11259
+        env['PYINSTALLER_RESET_ENVIRONMENT'] = '1'
+
+        # Restore LD_LIBRARY_PATH when using PyInstaller
+        # Ref: https://pyinstaller.org/en/v6.10.0/runtime-information.html#ld-library-path-libpath-considerations
+        #      https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/4573
         def _fix(key):
             orig = env.get(f'{key}_ORIG')
             if orig is None:
@@ -825,7 +862,7 @@ class Popen(subprocess.Popen):
     def __init__(self, args, *remaining, env=None, text=False, shell=False, **kwargs):
         if env is None:
             env = os.environ.copy()
-        self._fix_pyinstaller_ld_path(env)
+        self._fix_pyinstaller_issues(env)
 
         self.__text_mode = kwargs.get('encoding') or kwargs.get('errors') or text or kwargs.get('universal_newlines')
         if text is True:
@@ -833,7 +870,7 @@ class Popen(subprocess.Popen):
             kwargs.setdefault('encoding', 'utf-8')
             kwargs.setdefault('errors', 'replace')
 
-        if shell and compat_os_name == 'nt' and kwargs.get('executable') is None:
+        if shell and os.name == 'nt' and kwargs.get('executable') is None:
             if not isinstance(args, str):
                 args = shell_quote(args, shell=True)
             shell = False
@@ -1168,6 +1205,7 @@ def extract_timezone(date_str, default=None):
     return timezone, date_str
 
 
+@partial_application
 def parse_iso8601(date_str, delimiter='T', timezone=None):
     """ Return a UNIX timestamp from the given date """
 
@@ -1245,6 +1283,7 @@ def unified_timestamp(date_str, day_first=True):
         return calendar.timegm(timetuple) + pm_delta * 3600 - timezone.total_seconds()
 
 
+@partial_application
 def determine_ext(url, default_ext='unknown_video'):
     if url is None or '.' not in url:
         return default_ext
@@ -1414,7 +1453,7 @@ def system_identifier():
 @functools.cache
 def get_windows_version():
     """ Get Windows version. returns () if it's not running on Windows """
-    if compat_os_name == 'nt':
+    if os.name == 'nt':
         return version_tuple(platform.win32_ver()[1])
     else:
         return ()
@@ -1427,7 +1466,7 @@ def write_string(s, out=None, encoding=None):
     if not out:
         return
 
-    if compat_os_name == 'nt' and supports_terminal_sequences(out):
+    if os.name == 'nt' and supports_terminal_sequences(out):
         s = re.sub(r'([\r\n]+)', r' \1', s)
 
     enc, buffer = None, out
@@ -1460,21 +1499,6 @@ def deprecation_warning(msg, *, printer=None, stacklevel=0, **kwargs):
 deprecation_warning._cache = set()
 
 
-def bytes_to_intlist(bs):
-    if not bs:
-        return []
-    if isinstance(bs[0], int):  # Python 3
-        return list(bs)
-    else:
-        return [ord(c) for c in bs]
-
-
-def intlist_to_bytes(xs):
-    if not xs:
-        return b''
-    return struct.pack('%dB' % len(xs), *xs)
-
-
 class LockingUnsupportedError(OSError):
     msg = 'File locking is not supported'
 
@@ -1658,7 +1682,7 @@ _CMD_QUOTE_TRANS = str.maketrans({
 def shell_quote(args, *, shell=False):
     args = list(variadic(args))
 
-    if compat_os_name != 'nt':
+    if os.name != 'nt':
         return shlex.join(args)
 
     trans = _CMD_QUOTE_TRANS if shell else _WINDOWS_QUOTE_TRANS
@@ -1920,7 +1944,7 @@ def remove_start(s, start):
 
 
 def remove_end(s, end):
-    return s[:-len(end)] if s is not None and s.endswith(end) else s
+    return s[:-len(end)] if s is not None and end and s.endswith(end) else s
 
 
 def remove_quotes(s):
@@ -1949,12 +1973,13 @@ def base_url(url):
     return re.match(r'https?://[^?#]+/', url).group()
 
 
+@partial_application
 def urljoin(base, path):
     if isinstance(path, bytes):
         path = path.decode()
     if not isinstance(path, str) or not path:
         return None
-    if re.match(r'^(?:[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9+-.]*:)?//', path):
+    if re.match(r'(?:[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9+-.]*:)?//', path):
         return path
     if isinstance(base, bytes):
         base = base.decode()
@@ -1964,11 +1989,15 @@ def urljoin(base, path):
     return urllib.parse.urljoin(base, path)
 
 
-def int_or_none(v, scale=1, default=None, get_attr=None, invscale=1):
+@partial_application
+def int_or_none(v, scale=1, default=None, get_attr=None, invscale=1, base=None):
     if get_attr and v is not None:
         v = getattr(v, get_attr, None)
+    if invscale == 1 and scale < 1:
+        invscale = int(1 / scale)
+        scale = 1
     try:
-        return int(v) * invscale // scale
+        return (int(v) if base is None else int(v, base=base)) * invscale // scale
     except (ValueError, TypeError, OverflowError):
         return default
 
@@ -1986,9 +2015,13 @@ def str_to_int(int_str):
         return int_or_none(int_str)
 
 
+@partial_application
 def float_or_none(v, scale=1, invscale=1, default=None):
     if v is None:
         return default
+    if invscale == 1 and scale < 1:
+        invscale = int(1 / scale)
+        scale = 1
     try:
         return float(v) * invscale / scale
     except (ValueError, TypeError):
@@ -2007,7 +2040,7 @@ def url_or_none(url):
     if not url or not isinstance(url, str):
         return None
     url = url.strip()
-    return url if re.match(r'^(?:(?:https?|rt(?:m(?:pt?[es]?|fp)|sp[su]?)|mms|ftps?):)?//', url) else None
+    return url if re.match(r'(?:(?:https?|rt(?:m(?:pt?[es]?|fp)|sp[su]?)|mms|ftps?):)?//', url) else None
 
 
 def strftime_or_none(timestamp, date_format='%Y%m%d', default=None):
@@ -2536,6 +2569,7 @@ def urlencode_postdata(*args, **kargs):
     return urllib.parse.urlencode(*args, **kargs).encode('ascii')
 
 
+@partial_application
 def update_url(url, *, query_update=None, **kwargs):
     """Replace URL components specified by kwargs
        @param url           str or parse url tuple
@@ -2556,6 +2590,7 @@ def update_url(url, *, query_update=None, **kwargs):
     return urllib.parse.urlunparse(url._replace(**kwargs))
 
 
+@partial_application
 def update_url_query(url, query):
     return update_url(url, query_update=query)
 
@@ -2648,8 +2683,8 @@ def merge_dicts(*dicts):
     merged = {}
     for a_dict in dicts:
         for k, v in a_dict.items():
-            if (v is not None and k not in merged
-                    or isinstance(v, str) and merged[k] == ''):
+            if ((v is not None and k not in merged)
+                    or (isinstance(v, str) and merged[k] == '')):
                 merged[k] = v
     return merged
 
@@ -2877,6 +2912,7 @@ def error_to_str(err):
     return f'{type(err).__name__}: {err}'
 
 
+@partial_application
 def mimetype2ext(mt, default=NO_DEFAULT):
     if not isinstance(mt, str):
         if default is not NO_DEFAULT:
@@ -2919,6 +2955,7 @@ def mimetype2ext(mt, default=NO_DEFAULT):
         'audio/webm': 'webm',
         'audio/x-matroska': 'mka',
         'audio/x-mpegurl': 'm3u',
+        'aacp': 'aac',
         'midi': 'mid',
         'ogg': 'ogg',
         'wav': 'wav',
@@ -3112,7 +3149,7 @@ def is_html(first_bytes):
         while first_bytes.startswith(bom):
             encoding, first_bytes = enc, first_bytes[len(bom):]
 
-    return re.match(r'^\s*<', first_bytes.decode(encoding, 'replace'))
+    return re.match(r'\s*<', first_bytes.decode(encoding, 'replace'))
 
 
 def determine_protocol(info_dict):
@@ -4460,7 +4497,7 @@ def urshift(val, n):
 def write_xattr(path, key, value):
     # Windows: Write xattrs to NTFS Alternate Data Streams:
     # http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTFS#Alternate_data_streams_.28ADS.29
-    if compat_os_name == 'nt':
+    if os.name == 'nt':
         assert ':' not in key
         assert os.path.exists(path)
 
@@ -4616,6 +4653,7 @@ def to_high_limit_path(path):
     return path
 
 
+@partial_application
 def format_field(obj, field=None, template='%s', ignore=NO_DEFAULT, default='', func=IDENTITY):
     val = traversal.traverse_obj(obj, *variadic(field))
     if not val if ignore is NO_DEFAULT else val in variadic(ignore):
@@ -4721,12 +4759,12 @@ def jwt_decode_hs256(jwt):
     return json.loads(base64.urlsafe_b64decode(f'{payload_b64}==='))
 
 
-WINDOWS_VT_MODE = False if compat_os_name == 'nt' else None
+WINDOWS_VT_MODE = False if os.name == 'nt' else None
 
 
 @functools.cache
 def supports_terminal_sequences(stream):
-    if compat_os_name == 'nt':
+    if os.name == 'nt':
         if not WINDOWS_VT_MODE:
             return False
     elif not os.getenv('TERM'):
@@ -4820,7 +4858,7 @@ def parse_http_range(range):
 
 def read_stdin(what):
     if what:
-        eof = 'Ctrl+Z' if compat_os_name == 'nt' else 'Ctrl+D'
+        eof = 'Ctrl+Z' if os.name == 'nt' else 'Ctrl+D'
         write_string(f'Reading {what} from STDIN - EOF ({eof}) to end:\n')
     return sys.stdin
 
@@ -4849,6 +4887,10 @@ class Config:
     filename = None
     __initialized = False
 
+    # Internal only, do not use! Hack to enable --plugin-dirs
+    # TODO(coletdjnz): remove when plugin globals system is implemented
+    _plugin_dirs = None
+
     def __init__(self, parser, label=None):
         self.parser, self.label = parser, label
         self._loaded_paths, self.configs = set(), []
@@ -5080,6 +5122,7 @@ class _UnsafeExtensionError(Exception):
         'rm',
         'swf',
         'ts',
+        'vid',
         'vob',
         'vp9',
 
@@ -5112,7 +5155,9 @@ class _UnsafeExtensionError(Exception):
         'heic',
         'ico',
         'image',
+        'jfif',
         'jng',
+        'jpe',
         'jpeg',
         'jxl',
         'svg',
@@ -5225,11 +5270,13 @@ class RetryManager:
             time.sleep(delay)
 
 
+@partial_application
 def make_archive_id(ie, video_id):
     ie_key = ie if isinstance(ie, str) else ie.ie_key()
     return f'{ie_key.lower()} {video_id}'
 
 
+@partial_application
 def truncate_string(s, left, right=0):
     assert left > 3 and right >= 0
     if s is None or len(s) <= left + right:
@@ -5272,15 +5319,18 @@ class FormatSorter:
     regex = r' *((?P<reverse>\+)?(?P<field>[a-zA-Z0-9_]+)((?P<separator>[~:])(?P<limit>.*?))?)? *$'
 
     default = ('hidden', 'aud_or_vid', 'hasvid', 'ie_pref', 'lang', 'quality',
-               'res', 'fps', 'hdr:12', 'vcodec:vp9.2', 'channels', 'acodec',
+               'res', 'fps', 'hdr:12', 'vcodec', 'channels', 'acodec',
                'size', 'br', 'asr', 'proto', 'ext', 'hasaud', 'source', 'id')  # These must not be aliases
+    _prefer_vp9_sort = ('hidden', 'aud_or_vid', 'hasvid', 'ie_pref', 'lang', 'quality',
+                        'res', 'fps', 'hdr:12', 'vcodec:vp9.2', 'channels', 'acodec',
+                        'size', 'br', 'asr', 'proto', 'ext', 'hasaud', 'source', 'id')
     ytdl_default = ('hasaud', 'lang', 'quality', 'tbr', 'filesize', 'vbr',
                     'height', 'width', 'proto', 'vext', 'abr', 'aext',
                     'fps', 'fs_approx', 'source', 'id')
 
     settings = {
         'vcodec': {'type': 'ordered', 'regex': True,
-                   'order': ['av0?1', 'vp0?9.2', 'vp0?9', '[hx]265|he?vc?', '[hx]264|avc', 'vp0?8', 'mp4v|h263', 'theora', '', None, 'none']},
+                   'order': ['av0?1', 'vp0?9.0?2', 'vp0?9', '[hx]265|he?vc?', '[hx]264|avc', 'vp0?8', 'mp4v|h263', 'theora', '', None, 'none']},
         'acodec': {'type': 'ordered', 'regex': True,
                    'order': ['[af]lac', 'wav|aiff', 'opus', 'vorbis|ogg', 'aac', 'mp?4a?', 'mp3', 'ac-?4', 'e-?a?c-?3', 'ac-?3', 'dts', '', None, 'none']},
         'hdr': {'type': 'ordered', 'regex': True, 'field': 'dynamic_range',
@@ -5526,14 +5576,15 @@ class FormatSorter:
             value = get_value(field)
         return self._calculate_field_preference_from_value(format_, field, type_, value)
 
-    def calculate_preference(self, format):
+    @staticmethod
+    def _fill_sorting_fields(format):
         # Determine missing protocol
         if not format.get('protocol'):
             format['protocol'] = determine_protocol(format)
 
         # Determine missing ext
         if not format.get('ext') and 'url' in format:
-            format['ext'] = determine_ext(format['url'])
+            format['ext'] = determine_ext(format['url']).lower()
         if format.get('vcodec') == 'none':
             format['audio_ext'] = format['ext'] if format.get('acodec') != 'none' else 'none'
             format['video_ext'] = 'none'
@@ -5561,6 +5612,8 @@ class FormatSorter:
         if not format.get('tbr'):
             format['tbr'] = try_call(lambda: format['vbr'] + format['abr']) or None
 
+    def calculate_preference(self, format):
+        self._fill_sorting_fields(format)
         return tuple(self._calculate_field_preference(format, field) for field in self._order)
 
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/utils/traversal.py b/yt_dlp/utils/traversal.py
index 96eb2eddf..76b51f53d 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/utils/traversal.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/utils/traversal.py
@@ -1,18 +1,36 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections
 import collections.abc
 import contextlib
+import functools
 import http.cookies
 import inspect
 import itertools
 import re
+import typing
 import xml.etree.ElementTree
 
 from ._utils import (
     IDENTITY,
     NO_DEFAULT,
+    ExtractorError,
     LazyList,
     deprecation_warning,
+    get_elements_html_by_class,
+    get_elements_html_by_attribute,
+    get_elements_by_attribute,
+    get_element_by_class,
+    get_element_html_by_attribute,
+    get_element_by_attribute,
+    get_element_html_by_id,
+    get_element_by_id,
+    get_element_html_by_class,
+    get_elements_by_class,
+    get_element_text_and_html_by_tag,
     is_iterable_like,
     try_call,
+    url_or_none,
     variadic,
 )
 
@@ -38,7 +56,7 @@ def traverse_obj(
     The keys in the path can be one of:
         - `None`:           Return the current object.
         - `set`:            Requires the only item in the set to be a type or function,
-                            like `{type}`/`{type, type, ...}/`{func}`. If a `type`, return only
+                            like `{type}`/`{type, type, ...}`/`{func}`. If a `type`, return only
                             values of this type. If a function, returns `func(obj)`.
         - `str`/`int`:      Return `obj[key]`. For `re.Match`, return `obj.group(key)`.
         - `slice`:          Branch out and return all values in `obj[key]`.
@@ -54,10 +72,11 @@ def traverse_obj(
                             Read as: `{key: traverse_obj(obj, path) for key, path in dct.items()}`.
         - `any`-builtin:    Take the first matching object and return it, resetting branching.
         - `all`-builtin:    Take all matching objects and return them as a list, resetting branching.
+        - `filter`-builtin: Return the value if it is truthy, `None` otherwise.
 
         `tuple`, `list`, and `dict` all support nested paths and branches.
 
-    @params paths           Paths which to traverse by.
+    @params paths           Paths by which to traverse.
     @param default          Value to return if the paths do not match.
                             If the last key in the path is a `dict`, it will apply to each value inside
                             the dict instead, depth first. Try to avoid if using nested `dict` keys.
@@ -247,6 +266,10 @@ def traverse_obj(
                     objs = (list(filtered_objs),)
                 continue
 
+            if key is filter:
+                objs = filter(None, objs)
+                continue
+
             if __debug__ and callable(key):
                 # Verify function signature
                 inspect.signature(key).bind(None, None)
@@ -277,13 +300,172 @@ def traverse_obj(
         return results[0] if results else {} if allow_empty and is_dict else None
 
     for index, path in enumerate(paths, 1):
-        result = _traverse_obj(obj, path, index == len(paths), True)
-        if result is not None:
-            return result
+        is_last = index == len(paths)
+        try:
+            result = _traverse_obj(obj, path, is_last, True)
+            if result is not None:
+                return result
+        except _RequiredError as e:
+            if is_last:
+                # Reraise to get cleaner stack trace
+                raise ExtractorError(e.orig_msg, expected=e.expected) from None
 
     return None if default is NO_DEFAULT else default
 
 
+def value(value, /):
+    return lambda _: value
+
+
+def require(name, /, *, expected=False):
+    def func(value):
+        if value is None:
+            raise _RequiredError(f'Unable to extract {name}', expected=expected)
+
+        return value
+
+    return func
+
+
+class _RequiredError(ExtractorError):
+    pass
+
+
+@typing.overload
+def subs_list_to_dict(*, lang: str | None = 'und', ext: str | None = None) -> collections.abc.Callable[[list[dict]], dict[str, list[dict]]]: ...
+
+
+@typing.overload
+def subs_list_to_dict(subs: list[dict] | None, /, *, lang: str | None = 'und', ext: str | None = None) -> dict[str, list[dict]]: ...
+
+
+def subs_list_to_dict(subs: list[dict] | None = None, /, *, lang='und', ext=None):
+    """
+    Convert subtitles from a traversal into a subtitle dict.
+    The path should have an `all` immediately before this function.
+
+    Arguments:
+    `ext`      The default value for `ext` in the subtitle dict
+
+    In the dict you can set the following additional items:
+    `id`       The subtitle id to sort the dict into
+    `quality`  The sort order for each subtitle
+    """
+    if subs is None:
+        return functools.partial(subs_list_to_dict, lang=lang, ext=ext)
+
+    result = collections.defaultdict(list)
+
+    for sub in subs:
+        if not url_or_none(sub.get('url')) and not sub.get('data'):
+            continue
+        sub_id = sub.pop('id', None)
+        if not isinstance(sub_id, str):
+            if not lang:
+                continue
+            sub_id = lang
+        sub_ext = sub.get('ext')
+        if not isinstance(sub_ext, str):
+            if not ext:
+                sub.pop('ext', None)
+            else:
+                sub['ext'] = ext
+        result[sub_id].append(sub)
+    result = dict(result)
+
+    for subs in result.values():
+        subs.sort(key=lambda x: x.pop('quality', 0) or 0)
+
+    return result
+
+
+@typing.overload
+def find_element(*, attr: str, value: str, tag: str | None = None, html=False, regex=False): ...
+
+
+@typing.overload
+def find_element(*, cls: str, html=False): ...
+
+
+@typing.overload
+def find_element(*, id: str, tag: str | None = None, html=False, regex=False): ...
+
+
+@typing.overload
+def find_element(*, tag: str, html=False, regex=False): ...
+
+
+def find_element(*, tag=None, id=None, cls=None, attr=None, value=None, html=False, regex=False):
+    # deliberately using `id=` and `cls=` for ease of readability
+    assert tag or id or cls or (attr and value), 'One of tag, id, cls or (attr AND value) is required'
+    ANY_TAG = r'[\w:.-]+'
+
+    if attr and value:
+        assert not cls, 'Cannot match both attr and cls'
+        assert not id, 'Cannot match both attr and id'
+        func = get_element_html_by_attribute if html else get_element_by_attribute
+        return functools.partial(func, attr, value, tag=tag or ANY_TAG, escape_value=not regex)
+
+    elif cls:
+        assert not id, 'Cannot match both cls and id'
+        assert tag is None, 'Cannot match both cls and tag'
+        assert not regex, 'Cannot use regex with cls'
+        func = get_element_html_by_class if html else get_element_by_class
+        return functools.partial(func, cls)
+
+    elif id:
+        func = get_element_html_by_id if html else get_element_by_id
+        return functools.partial(func, id, tag=tag or ANY_TAG, escape_value=not regex)
+
+    index = int(bool(html))
+    return lambda html: get_element_text_and_html_by_tag(tag, html)[index]
+
+
+@typing.overload
+def find_elements(*, cls: str, html=False): ...
+
+
+@typing.overload
+def find_elements(*, attr: str, value: str, tag: str | None = None, html=False, regex=False): ...
+
+
+def find_elements(*, tag=None, cls=None, attr=None, value=None, html=False, regex=False):
+    # deliberately using `cls=` for ease of readability
+    assert cls or (attr and value), 'One of cls or (attr AND value) is required'
+
+    if attr and value:
+        assert not cls, 'Cannot match both attr and cls'
+        func = get_elements_html_by_attribute if html else get_elements_by_attribute
+        return functools.partial(func, attr, value, tag=tag or r'[\w:.-]+', escape_value=not regex)
+
+    assert not tag, 'Cannot match both cls and tag'
+    assert not regex, 'Cannot use regex with cls'
+    func = get_elements_html_by_class if html else get_elements_by_class
+    return functools.partial(func, cls)
+
+
+def trim_str(*, start=None, end=None):
+    def trim(s):
+        if s is None:
+            return None
+        start_idx = 0
+        if start and s.startswith(start):
+            start_idx = len(start)
+        if end and s.endswith(end):
+            return s[start_idx:-len(end)]
+        return s[start_idx:]
+
+    return trim
+
+
+def unpack(func, **kwargs):
+    @functools.wraps(func)
+    def inner(items):
+        return func(*items, **kwargs)
+
+    return inner
+
+
 def get_first(obj, *paths, **kwargs):
     return traverse_obj(obj, *((..., *variadic(keys)) for keys in paths), **kwargs, get_all=False)
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/version.py b/yt_dlp/version.py
index 81d1c2c96..3dec228d3 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/version.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/version.py
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 # Autogenerated by devscripts/update-version.py
 
-__version__ = '2024.08.01'
+__version__ = '2024.12.06'
 
-RELEASE_GIT_HEAD = 'ffd7781d6588926f820b44a34b9e6e3068fb9f97'
+RELEASE_GIT_HEAD = '4bd2655398aed450456197a6767639114a24eac2'
 
 VARIANT = None
 
@@ -12,4 +12,4 @@ CHANNEL = 'stable'
 
 ORIGIN = 'yt-dlp/yt-dlp'
 
-_pkg_version = '2024.08.01'
+_pkg_version = '2024.12.06'