diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/1_broken_site.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/1_broken_site.yml
index 3b0ef323d7..20e5e944fc 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/1_broken_site.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/1_broken_site.yml
@@ -63,14 +63,15 @@ body:
       placeholder: |
         [debug] Command-line config: ['-vU', 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc']
         [debug] Encodings: locale cp65001, fs utf-8, pref cp65001, out utf-8, error utf-8, screen utf-8
-        [debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp [b634ba742] (win_exe)
-        [debug] Python 3.8.10 (CPython 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.22000-SP0
-        [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg N-106550-g072101bd52-20220410 (fdk,setts), ffprobe N-106624-g391ce570c8-20220415, phantomjs 2.1.1
-        [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.15.0, brotli-1.0.9, certifi-2022.06.15, mutagen-1.45.1, sqlite3-2.6.0, websockets-10.3
+        [debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds [1a176d874] (win_exe)
+        [debug] Python 3.10.11 (CPython AMD64 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.20348-SP0 (OpenSSL 1.1.1t  7 Feb 2023)
+        [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg 7.0.2 (setts), ffprobe 7.0.2
+        [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.21.0, brotli-1.1.0, certifi-2024.08.30, curl_cffi-0.5.10, mutagen-1.47.0, requests-2.32.3, sqlite3-3.40.1, urllib3-2.2.3, websockets-13.1
         [debug] Proxy map: {}
-        [debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests
-        [debug] Loaded 1893 extractors
-        [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds/releases/latest
+        [debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests, websockets, curl_cffi
+        [debug] Loaded 1838 extractors
+        [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest
+        Latest version: nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds
         yt-dlp is up to date (nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds)
         [youtube] Extracting URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc
         <more lines>
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/2_site_support_request.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/2_site_support_request.yml
index c8702c3569..4aeff7dc64 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/2_site_support_request.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/2_site_support_request.yml
@@ -75,14 +75,15 @@ body:
       placeholder: |
         [debug] Command-line config: ['-vU', 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc']
         [debug] Encodings: locale cp65001, fs utf-8, pref cp65001, out utf-8, error utf-8, screen utf-8
-        [debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp [b634ba742] (win_exe)
-        [debug] Python 3.8.10 (CPython 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.22000-SP0
-        [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg N-106550-g072101bd52-20220410 (fdk,setts), ffprobe N-106624-g391ce570c8-20220415, phantomjs 2.1.1
-        [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.15.0, brotli-1.0.9, certifi-2022.06.15, mutagen-1.45.1, sqlite3-2.6.0, websockets-10.3
+        [debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds [1a176d874] (win_exe)
+        [debug] Python 3.10.11 (CPython AMD64 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.20348-SP0 (OpenSSL 1.1.1t  7 Feb 2023)
+        [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg 7.0.2 (setts), ffprobe 7.0.2
+        [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.21.0, brotli-1.1.0, certifi-2024.08.30, curl_cffi-0.5.10, mutagen-1.47.0, requests-2.32.3, sqlite3-3.40.1, urllib3-2.2.3, websockets-13.1
         [debug] Proxy map: {}
-        [debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests
-        [debug] Loaded 1893 extractors
-        [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds/releases/latest
+        [debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests, websockets, curl_cffi
+        [debug] Loaded 1838 extractors
+        [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest
+        Latest version: nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds
         yt-dlp is up to date (nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds)
         [youtube] Extracting URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc
         <more lines>
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/3_site_feature_request.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/3_site_feature_request.yml
index 5a6d2b0fbd..2f516ebb71 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/3_site_feature_request.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/3_site_feature_request.yml
@@ -71,14 +71,15 @@ body:
       placeholder: |
         [debug] Command-line config: ['-vU', 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc']
         [debug] Encodings: locale cp65001, fs utf-8, pref cp65001, out utf-8, error utf-8, screen utf-8
-        [debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp [b634ba742] (win_exe)
-        [debug] Python 3.8.10 (CPython 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.22000-SP0
-        [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg N-106550-g072101bd52-20220410 (fdk,setts), ffprobe N-106624-g391ce570c8-20220415, phantomjs 2.1.1
-        [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.15.0, brotli-1.0.9, certifi-2022.06.15, mutagen-1.45.1, sqlite3-2.6.0, websockets-10.3
+        [debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds [1a176d874] (win_exe)
+        [debug] Python 3.10.11 (CPython AMD64 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.20348-SP0 (OpenSSL 1.1.1t  7 Feb 2023)
+        [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg 7.0.2 (setts), ffprobe 7.0.2
+        [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.21.0, brotli-1.1.0, certifi-2024.08.30, curl_cffi-0.5.10, mutagen-1.47.0, requests-2.32.3, sqlite3-3.40.1, urllib3-2.2.3, websockets-13.1
         [debug] Proxy map: {}
-        [debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests
-        [debug] Loaded 1893 extractors
-        [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds/releases/latest
+        [debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests, websockets, curl_cffi
+        [debug] Loaded 1838 extractors
+        [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest
+        Latest version: nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds
         yt-dlp is up to date (nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds)
         [youtube] Extracting URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc
         <more lines>
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/4_bug_report.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/4_bug_report.yml
index a17770f614..201586e9dc 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/4_bug_report.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/4_bug_report.yml
@@ -56,14 +56,15 @@ body:
       placeholder: |
         [debug] Command-line config: ['-vU', 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc']
         [debug] Encodings: locale cp65001, fs utf-8, pref cp65001, out utf-8, error utf-8, screen utf-8
-        [debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp [b634ba742] (win_exe)
-        [debug] Python 3.8.10 (CPython 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.22000-SP0
-        [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg N-106550-g072101bd52-20220410 (fdk,setts), ffprobe N-106624-g391ce570c8-20220415, phantomjs 2.1.1
-        [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.15.0, brotli-1.0.9, certifi-2022.06.15, mutagen-1.45.1, sqlite3-2.6.0, websockets-10.3
+        [debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds [1a176d874] (win_exe)
+        [debug] Python 3.10.11 (CPython AMD64 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.20348-SP0 (OpenSSL 1.1.1t  7 Feb 2023)
+        [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg 7.0.2 (setts), ffprobe 7.0.2
+        [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.21.0, brotli-1.1.0, certifi-2024.08.30, curl_cffi-0.5.10, mutagen-1.47.0, requests-2.32.3, sqlite3-3.40.1, urllib3-2.2.3, websockets-13.1
         [debug] Proxy map: {}
-        [debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests
-        [debug] Loaded 1893 extractors
-        [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds/releases/latest
+        [debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests, websockets, curl_cffi
+        [debug] Loaded 1838 extractors
+        [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest
+        Latest version: nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds
         yt-dlp is up to date (nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds)
         [youtube] Extracting URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc
         <more lines>
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/5_feature_request.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/5_feature_request.yml
index c600a9dcb6..765de86a29 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/5_feature_request.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/5_feature_request.yml
@@ -52,14 +52,15 @@ body:
       placeholder: |
         [debug] Command-line config: ['-vU', 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc']
         [debug] Encodings: locale cp65001, fs utf-8, pref cp65001, out utf-8, error utf-8, screen utf-8
-        [debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp [b634ba742] (win_exe)
-        [debug] Python 3.8.10 (CPython 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.22000-SP0
-        [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg N-106550-g072101bd52-20220410 (fdk,setts), ffprobe N-106624-g391ce570c8-20220415, phantomjs 2.1.1
-        [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.15.0, brotli-1.0.9, certifi-2022.06.15, mutagen-1.45.1, sqlite3-2.6.0, websockets-10.3
+        [debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds [1a176d874] (win_exe)
+        [debug] Python 3.10.11 (CPython AMD64 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.20348-SP0 (OpenSSL 1.1.1t  7 Feb 2023)
+        [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg 7.0.2 (setts), ffprobe 7.0.2
+        [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.21.0, brotli-1.1.0, certifi-2024.08.30, curl_cffi-0.5.10, mutagen-1.47.0, requests-2.32.3, sqlite3-3.40.1, urllib3-2.2.3, websockets-13.1
         [debug] Proxy map: {}
-        [debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests
-        [debug] Loaded 1893 extractors
-        [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds/releases/latest
+        [debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests, websockets, curl_cffi
+        [debug] Loaded 1838 extractors
+        [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest
+        Latest version: nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds
         yt-dlp is up to date (nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds)
         [youtube] Extracting URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc
         <more lines>
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/6_question.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/6_question.yml
index 57bc9daf51..198e21bec2 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/6_question.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/6_question.yml
@@ -58,14 +58,15 @@ body:
       placeholder: |
         [debug] Command-line config: ['-vU', 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc']
         [debug] Encodings: locale cp65001, fs utf-8, pref cp65001, out utf-8, error utf-8, screen utf-8
-        [debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp [b634ba742] (win_exe)
-        [debug] Python 3.8.10 (CPython 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.22000-SP0
-        [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg N-106550-g072101bd52-20220410 (fdk,setts), ffprobe N-106624-g391ce570c8-20220415, phantomjs 2.1.1
-        [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.15.0, brotli-1.0.9, certifi-2022.06.15, mutagen-1.45.1, sqlite3-2.6.0, websockets-10.3
+        [debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds [1a176d874] (win_exe)
+        [debug] Python 3.10.11 (CPython AMD64 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.20348-SP0 (OpenSSL 1.1.1t  7 Feb 2023)
+        [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg 7.0.2 (setts), ffprobe 7.0.2
+        [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.21.0, brotli-1.1.0, certifi-2024.08.30, curl_cffi-0.5.10, mutagen-1.47.0, requests-2.32.3, sqlite3-3.40.1, urllib3-2.2.3, websockets-13.1
         [debug] Proxy map: {}
-        [debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests
-        [debug] Loaded 1893 extractors
-        [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds/releases/latest
+        [debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests, websockets, curl_cffi
+        [debug] Loaded 1838 extractors
+        [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest
+        Latest version: nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds
         yt-dlp is up to date (nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds)
         [youtube] Extracting URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc
         <more lines>
diff --git a/.github/workflows/build.yml b/.github/workflows/build.yml
index fdca5d702e..a211ae1652 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build.yml
@@ -405,13 +405,13 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
-        with: # 3.8 is used for Win7 support
-          python-version: "3.8"
+        with:
+          python-version: "3.10"
       - name: Install Requirements
         run: | # Custom pyinstaller built with https://github.com/yt-dlp/pyinstaller-builds
           python devscripts/install_deps.py -o --include build
           python devscripts/install_deps.py --include curl-cffi
-          python -m pip install -U "https://yt-dlp.github.io/Pyinstaller-Builds/x86_64/pyinstaller-6.10.0-py3-none-any.whl"
+          python -m pip install -U "https://yt-dlp.github.io/Pyinstaller-Builds/x86_64/pyinstaller-6.11.1-py3-none-any.whl"
 
       - name: Prepare
         run: |
@@ -454,13 +454,13 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
         with:
-          python-version: "3.8"
+          python-version: "3.10"
           architecture: "x86"
       - name: Install Requirements
         run: |
           python devscripts/install_deps.py -o --include build
           python devscripts/install_deps.py
-          python -m pip install -U "https://yt-dlp.github.io/Pyinstaller-Builds/i686/pyinstaller-6.10.0-py3-none-any.whl"
+          python -m pip install -U "https://yt-dlp.github.io/Pyinstaller-Builds/i686/pyinstaller-6.11.1-py3-none-any.whl"
 
       - name: Prepare
         run: |
@@ -504,7 +504,8 @@ jobs:
       - windows32
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+      - name: Download artifacts
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
         with:
           path: artifact
           pattern: build-bin-*
@@ -529,20 +530,28 @@ jobs:
           lock 2023.11.16 (?!win_x86_exe).+ Python 3\.7
           lock 2023.11.16 win_x86_exe .+ Windows-(?:Vista|2008Server)
           lock 2024.10.22 py2exe .+
-          lock 2024.10.22 linux_(?:armv7l|aarch64)_exe .+ glibc 2\.(?:[12]?\d|30)\b
+          lock 2024.10.22 linux_(?:armv7l|aarch64)_exe .+-glibc2\.(?:[12]?\d|30)\b
+          lock 2024.10.22 (?!\w+_exe).+ Python 3\.8
+          lock 2024.10.22 win(?:_x86)?_exe Python 3\.[78].+ Windows-(?:7-|2008ServerR2)
           lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2022.08.18.36 .+ Python 3\.6
           lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2023.11.16 (?!win_x86_exe).+ Python 3\.7
           lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2023.11.16 win_x86_exe .+ Windows-(?:Vista|2008Server)
           lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2024.10.22 py2exe .+
-          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2024.10.22 linux_(?:armv7l|aarch64)_exe .+ glibc 2\.(?:[12]?\d|30)\b
+          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2024.10.22 linux_(?:armv7l|aarch64)_exe .+-glibc2\.(?:[12]?\d|30)\b
+          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2024.10.22 (?!\w+_exe).+ Python 3\.8
+          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2024.10.22 win(?:_x86)?_exe Python 3\.[78].+ Windows-(?:7-|2008ServerR2)
           lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds 2023.11.15.232826 (?!win_x86_exe).+ Python 3\.7
           lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds 2023.11.15.232826 win_x86_exe .+ Windows-(?:Vista|2008Server)
           lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds 2024.10.22.051025 py2exe .+
-          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds 2024.10.22.051025 linux_(?:armv7l|aarch64)_exe .+ glibc 2\.(?:[12]?\d|30)\b
+          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds 2024.10.22.051025 linux_(?:armv7l|aarch64)_exe .+-glibc2\.(?:[12]?\d|30)\b
+          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds 2024.10.22.051025 (?!\w+_exe).+ Python 3\.8
+          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds 2024.10.22.051025 win(?:_x86)?_exe Python 3\.[78].+ Windows-(?:7-|2008ServerR2)
           lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds 2023.11.15.232812 (?!win_x86_exe).+ Python 3\.7
           lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds 2023.11.15.232812 win_x86_exe .+ Windows-(?:Vista|2008Server)
           lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds 2024.10.22.045052 py2exe .+
-          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds 2024.10.22.060347 linux_(?:armv7l|aarch64)_exe .+ glibc 2\.(?:[12]?\d|30)\b
+          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds 2024.10.22.060347 linux_(?:armv7l|aarch64)_exe .+-glibc2\.(?:[12]?\d|30)\b
+          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds 2024.10.22.060347 (?!\w+_exe).+ Python 3\.8
+          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds 2024.10.22.060347 win(?:_x86)?_exe Python 3\.[78].+ Windows-(?:7-|2008ServerR2)
           EOF
 
       - name: Sign checksum files
diff --git a/.github/workflows/release-master.yml b/.github/workflows/release-master.yml
index c49319b171..78445e417e 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/release-master.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release-master.yml
@@ -28,3 +28,20 @@ jobs:
       actions: write  # For cleaning up cache
       id-token: write  # mandatory for trusted publishing
     secrets: inherit
+
+  publish_pypi:
+    needs: [release]
+    if: vars.MASTER_PYPI_PROJECT != ''
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      id-token: write  # mandatory for trusted publishing
+    steps:
+      - name: Download artifacts
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          path: dist
+          name: build-pypi
+      - name: Publish to PyPI
+        uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
+        with:
+          verbose: true
diff --git a/.github/workflows/release-nightly.yml b/.github/workflows/release-nightly.yml
index b536c50669..8f72844058 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/release-nightly.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release-nightly.yml
@@ -41,3 +41,20 @@ jobs:
       actions: write  # For cleaning up cache
       id-token: write  # mandatory for trusted publishing
     secrets: inherit
+
+  publish_pypi:
+    needs: [release]
+    if: vars.NIGHTLY_PYPI_PROJECT != ''
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      id-token: write  # mandatory for trusted publishing
+    steps:
+      - name: Download artifacts
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          path: dist
+          name: build-pypi
+      - name: Publish to PyPI
+        uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
+        with:
+          verbose: true
diff --git a/.github/workflows/release.yml b/.github/workflows/release.yml
index 8d0bc4026a..26b93e429c 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/release.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release.yml
@@ -2,10 +2,6 @@ name: Release
 on:
   workflow_call:
     inputs:
-      prerelease:
-        required: false
-        default: true
-        type: boolean
       source:
         required: false
         default: ''
@@ -18,6 +14,10 @@ on:
         required: false
         default: ''
         type: string
+      prerelease:
+        required: false
+        default: true
+        type: boolean
   workflow_dispatch:
     inputs:
       source:
@@ -278,7 +278,17 @@ jobs:
           make clean-cache
           python -m build --no-isolation .
 
+      - name: Upload artifacts
+        if: github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch'
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: build-pypi
+          path: |
+            dist/*
+          compression-level: 0
+
       - name: Publish to PyPI
+        if: github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch'
         uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
         with:
           verbose: true
diff --git a/CONTRIBUTING.md b/CONTRIBUTING.md
index f1646e5952..fd7b0f1210 100644
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -37,14 +37,18 @@ Bugs and suggestions should be reported at: [yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues](https://githu
 **Please include the full output of yt-dlp when run with `-vU`**, i.e. **add** `-vU` flag to **your command line**, copy the **whole** output and post it in the issue body wrapped in \`\`\` for better formatting. It should look similar to this:
 ```
 $ yt-dlp -vU <your command line>
-[debug] Command-line config: ['-v', 'demo.com']
-[debug] Encodings: locale UTF-8, fs utf-8, out utf-8, pref UTF-8
-[debug] yt-dlp version 2021.09.25 (zip)
-[debug] Python version 3.8.10 (CPython 64bit) - Linux-5.4.0-74-generic-x86_64-with-glibc2.29
-[debug] exe versions: ffmpeg 4.2.4, ffprobe 4.2.4
+[debug] Command-line config: ['-vU', 'https://www.example.com/']
+[debug] Encodings: locale cp65001, fs utf-8, pref cp65001, out utf-8, error utf-8, screen utf-8
+[debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds [1a176d874] (win_exe)
+[debug] Python 3.10.11 (CPython AMD64 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.20348-SP0 (OpenSSL 1.1.1t  7 Feb 2023)
+[debug] exe versions: ffmpeg 7.0.2 (setts), ffprobe 7.0.2
+[debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.21.0, brotli-1.1.0, certifi-2024.08.30, curl_cffi-0.5.10, mutagen-1.47.0, requests-2.32.3, sqlite3-3.40.1, urllib3-2.2.3, websockets-13.1
 [debug] Proxy map: {}
-Current Build Hash 25cc412d1d3c0725a1f2f5b7e4682f6fb40e6d15f7024e96f7afd572e9919535
-yt-dlp is up to date (2021.09.25)
+[debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests, websockets, curl_cffi
+[debug] Loaded 1838 extractors
+[debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest
+Latest version: nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds
+yt-dlp is up to date (nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds)
 ...
 ```
 **Do not post screenshots of verbose logs; only plain text is acceptable.**
@@ -268,7 +272,7 @@ After you have ensured this site is distributing its content legally, you can fo
 
     You can use `hatch fmt` to automatically fix problems. Rules that the linter/formatter enforces should not be disabled with `# noqa` unless a maintainer requests it. The only exception allowed is for old/printf-style string formatting in GraphQL query templates (use `# noqa: UP031`).
 
-1. Make sure your code works under all [Python](https://www.python.org/) versions supported by yt-dlp, namely CPython >=3.8 and PyPy >=3.10. Backward compatibility is not required for even older versions of Python.
+1. Make sure your code works under all [Python](https://www.python.org/) versions supported by yt-dlp, namely CPython >=3.9 and PyPy >=3.10. Backward compatibility is not required for even older versions of Python.
 1. When the tests pass, [add](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-add) the new files, [commit](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-commit) them and [push](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-push) the result, like this:
 
     ```shell
diff --git a/CONTRIBUTORS b/CONTRIBUTORS
index 949bc89c47..9b8207b28b 100644
--- a/CONTRIBUTORS
+++ b/CONTRIBUTORS
@@ -688,3 +688,22 @@ KarboniteKream
 mikkovedru
 pktiuk
 rubyevadestaxes
+avagordon01
+CounterPillow
+JoseAngelB
+KBelmin
+kesor
+MellowKyler
+Wesley107772
+a13ssandr0
+ChocoLZS
+doe1080
+hugovdev
+jshumphrey
+julionc
+manavchaudhary1
+powergold1
+Sakura286
+SamDecrock
+stratus-ss
+subrat-lima
diff --git a/Changelog.md b/Changelog.md
index 0efccadd10..4dc0323683 100644
--- a/Changelog.md
+++ b/Changelog.md
@@ -4,6 +4,120 @@
 # To create a release, dispatch the https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/actions/workflows/release.yml workflow on master
 -->
 
+### 2024.11.18
+
+#### Important changes
+- **Login with OAuth is no longer supported for YouTube**
+Due to a change made by the site, yt-dlp is no longer able to support OAuth login for YouTube. [Read more](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11462#issuecomment-2471703090)
+
+#### Core changes
+- [Catch broken Cryptodome installations](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b83ca24eb72e1e558b0185bd73975586c0bc0546) ([#11486](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11486)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **utils**
+    - [Fix `join_nonempty`, add `**kwargs` to `unpack`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/39d79c9b9cf23411d935910685c40aa1a2fdb409) ([#11559](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11559)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+    - `subs_list_to_dict`: [Add `lang` default parameter](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c014fbcddcb4c8f79d914ac5bb526758b540ea33) ([#11508](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11508)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- [Allow `ext` override for thumbnails](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/eb64ae7d5def6df2aba74fb703e7f168fb299865) ([#11545](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11545)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **adobepass**: [Fix provider requests](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/85fdc66b6e01d19a94b4f39b58e3c0cf23600902) ([#11472](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11472)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **archive.org**: [Fix comments extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f2a4983df7a64c4e93b56f79dbd16a781bd90206) ([#11527](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11527)) by [jshumphrey](https://github.com/jshumphrey)
+- **bandlab**: [Add extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6365e92589e4bc17b8fffb0125a716d144ad2137) ([#11535](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11535)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **chaturbate**
+    - [Extract from API and support impersonation](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/720b3dc453c342bc2e8df7dbc0acaab4479de46c) ([#11555](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11555)) by [powergold1](https://github.com/powergold1) (With fixes in [7cecd29](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7cecd299e4a5ef1f0f044b2fedc26f17e41f15e3) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev))
+    - [Support alternate domains](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a9f85670d03ab993dc589f21a9ffffcad61392d5) ([#10595](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10595)) by [manavchaudhary1](https://github.com/manavchaudhary1)
+- **cloudflarestream**: [Avoid extraction via videodelivery.net](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/2db8c2e7d57a1784b06057c48e3e91023720d195) ([#11478](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11478)) by [hugovdev](https://github.com/hugovdev)
+- **ctvnews**
+    - [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f351440f1dc5b3dfbfc5737b037a869d946056fe) ([#11534](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11534)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [jshumphrey](https://github.com/jshumphrey)
+    - [Fix playlist ID extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f9d98509a898737c12977b2e2117277bada2c196) ([#8892](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8892)) by [qbnu](https://github.com/qbnu)
+- **digitalconcerthall**: [Support login with access/refresh tokens](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f7257588bdff5f0b0452635a66b253a783c97357) ([#11571](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11571)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **facebook**: [Fix formats extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/bacc31b05a04181b63100c481565256b14813a5e) ([#11513](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11513)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **gamedevtv**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/be3579aaf0c3b71a0a3195e1955415d5e4d6b3d8) ([#11368](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11368)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [stratus-ss](https://github.com/stratus-ss)
+- **goplay**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6b43a8d84b881d769b480ba6e20ec691e9d1b92d) ([#11466](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11466)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [SamDecrock](https://github.com/SamDecrock)
+- **kenh14**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/eb15fd5a32d8b35ef515f7a3d1158c03025648ff) ([#3996](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/3996)) by [krichbanana](https://github.com/krichbanana), [pzhlkj6612](https://github.com/pzhlkj6612)
+- **litv**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e079ffbda66de150c0a9ebef05e89f61bb4d5f76) ([#11071](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11071)) by [jiru](https://github.com/jiru)
+- **mixchmovie**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0ec9bfed4d4a52bfb4f8733da1acf0aeeae21e6b) ([#10897](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10897)) by [Sakura286](https://github.com/Sakura286)
+- **patreon**: [Fix comments extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/1d253b0a27110d174c40faf8fb1c999d099e0cde) ([#11530](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11530)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [jshumphrey](https://github.com/jshumphrey)
+- **pialive**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d867f99622ef7fba690b08da56c39d739b822bb7) ([#10811](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10811)) by [ChocoLZS](https://github.com/ChocoLZS)
+- **radioradicale**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/70c55cb08f780eab687e881ef42bb5c6007d290b) ([#5607](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/5607)) by [a13ssandr0](https://github.com/a13ssandr0), [pzhlkj6612](https://github.com/pzhlkj6612)
+- **reddit**: [Improve error handling](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7ea2787920cccc6b8ea30791993d114fbd564434) ([#11573](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11573)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **redgifsuser**: [Fix extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d215fba7edb69d4fa665f43663756fd260b1489f) ([#11531](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11531)) by [jshumphrey](https://github.com/jshumphrey)
+- **rutube**: [Rework extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e398217aae19bb25f91797bfbe8a3243698d7f45) ([#11480](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11480)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **sonylivseries**: [Add `sort_order` extractor-arg](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/2009cb27e17014787bf63eaa2ada51293d54f22a) ([#11569](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11569)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **soop**: [Fix thumbnail extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c699bafc5038b59c9afe8c2e69175fb66424c832) ([#11545](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11545)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **spankbang**: [Support browser impersonation](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/8388ec256f7753b02488788e3cfa771f6e1db247) ([#11542](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11542)) by [jshumphrey](https://github.com/jshumphrey)
+- **spreaker**
+    - [Support episode pages and access keys](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c39016f66df76d14284c705736ca73db8055d8de) ([#11489](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11489)) by [julionc](https://github.com/julionc)
+    - [Support podcast and feed pages](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c6737310619022248f5d0fd13872073cac168453) ([#10968](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10968)) by [subrat-lima](https://github.com/subrat-lima)
+- **youtube**
+    - [Player client maintenance](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/637d62a3a9fc723d68632c1af25c30acdadeeb85) ([#11528](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11528)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+    - [Remove broken OAuth support](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/52c0ffe40ad6e8404d93296f575007b05b04c686) ([#11558](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11558)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - tab: [Fix podcasts tab extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/37cd7660eaff397c551ee18d80507702342b0c2b) ([#11567](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11567)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+
+#### Misc. changes
+- **build**
+    - [Bump PyInstaller version pin to `>=6.11.1`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f9c8deb4e5887ff5150e911ac0452e645f988044) ([#11507](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11507)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Enable attestations for trusted publishing](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f13df591d4d7ca8e2f31b35c9c91e69ba9e9b013) ([#11420](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11420)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Pin `websockets` version to >=13.0,<14](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/240a7d43c8a67ffb86d44dc276805aa43c358dcc) ([#11488](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11488)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **cleanup**
+    - [Deprecate more compat functions](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f95a92b3d0169a784ee15a138fbe09d82b2754a1) ([#11439](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11439)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+    - [Remove dead extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/10fc719bc7f1eef469389c5219102266ef411f29) ([#11566](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11566)) by [doe1080](https://github.com/doe1080)
+    - Miscellaneous: [da252d9](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/da252d9d322af3e2178ac5eae324809502a0a862) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+
+### 2024.11.04
+
+#### Important changes
+- **Beginning with this release, yt-dlp's Python dependencies *must* be installed using the `default` group**
+If you're installing yt-dlp with pip/pipx or requiring yt-dlp in your own Python project, you'll need to specify `yt-dlp[default]` if you want to also install yt-dlp's optional dependencies (which were previously included by default). [Read more](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/11255)
+- **The minimum *required* Python version has been raised to 3.9**
+Python 3.8 reached its end-of-life on 2024.10.07, and yt-dlp has now removed support for it. As an unfortunate side effect, the official `yt-dlp.exe` and `yt-dlp_x86.exe` binaries are no longer supported on Windows 7. [Read more](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10086)
+
+#### Core changes
+- [Allow thumbnails with `.jpe` extension](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5bc5fb2835ea59bdf326bd12176d74d2c7348a95) ([#11408](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11408)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- [Expand paths in `--plugin-dirs`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/914af9a0cf51c9a3f74aa88d952bee8334c67511) ([#11334](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11334)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- [Fix `--netrc` empty string parsing for Python <=3.10](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/88402b714ec124633933737bc156b172a3dec3d6) ([#11414](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11414)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- [Populate format sorting fields before dependent fields](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5c880ef42e9c2b2fc412f6d69dad37d34fb75a62) ([#11353](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11353)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- [Prioritize AV1](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3945677a75e94a1fecc085432d791e1c21220cd3) ([#11153](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11153)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- [Remove Python 3.8 support](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d784464399b600ba9516bbcec6286f11d68974dd) ([#11321](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11321)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **aes**: [Fix GCM pad length calculation](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/beae2db127d3b5017cbcf685da9de7a9ef496541) ([#11438](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11438)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **cookies**: [Support chrome table version 24](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4613096f2e6eab9dcbac0e98b6cec760bbc99375) ([#11425](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11425)) by [kesor](https://github.com/kesor), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **utils**
+    - [Allow partial application for more functions](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b6dc2c49e8793c6dfa21275e61caf49ec1148b81) ([#11391](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11391)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K) (With fixes in [422195e](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/422195ec70a00b0d2002b238cacbae7790c57fdf) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K))
+    - [Fix `find_element` by class](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f93c16395cea1fe9ffc3c594d3e019c3b214544c) ([#11402](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11402)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Fix and improve `find_element` and `find_elements`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b103aca24d35b72b405c340357dc01a0ed534281) ([#11443](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11443)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- [Resolve `language` to ISO639-2 for ISM formats](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/21cdcf03a237a0c4979c941d5a5385cae44c7906) ([#11359](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11359)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **ardmediathek**: [Extract chapters](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/59f8dd8239c31f00b708da53b39b1e2e9409b6e6) ([#11442](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11442)) by [iw0nderhow](https://github.com/iw0nderhow)
+- **bfmtv**: [Fix extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/754940e9a558565d6bd3c0c529802569b1d0ae4e) ([#11444](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11444)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **bluesky**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5c7a5aaab27e9c3cb367b663a6136ca58866e547) ([#11055](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11055)) by [MellowKyler](https://github.com/MellowKyler), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **ccma**: [Support new 3cat.cat domain](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/330335386d4f7603d92d6796798375336005275e) ([#11222](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11222)) by [JoseAngelB](https://github.com/JoseAngelB)
+- **chzzk**: video: [Fix extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9c6534da81e485b2325b3489ee4128943e6d3e4b) ([#11228](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11228)) by [hui1601](https://github.com/hui1601)
+- **cnn**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9acf79c91a8c6c55ca972747c6858e784e2da351) ([#10185](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10185)) by [kylegustavo](https://github.com/kylegustavo), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **dailymotion**
+    - [Improve embed extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a403dcf9be20b49cbb3017328f4aaa352fb6d685) ([#10843](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10843)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [pzhlkj6612](https://github.com/pzhlkj6612)
+    - [Support shortened URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d1358231371f20fa23020fa9176be3b56119873e) ([#11374](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11374)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **facebook**: [Fix formats extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ec9b25043f399de6a591d8370d32bf0e66c117f2) ([#11343](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11343)) by [kclauhk](https://github.com/kclauhk)
+- **generic**: [Do not impersonate by default](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c29f5a7fae93a08f3cfbb6127b2faa75145b06a0) ([#11336](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11336)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **nfl**: [Fix extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/838f4385de8300a4dd4e7ffbbf0e5b7b85fb52c2) ([#11409](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11409)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **niconicouser**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6abef74232c0fc695cd803c18ae446cacb129389) ([#11324](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11324)) by [Wesley107772](https://github.com/Wesley107772)
+- **soundcloud**: [Extract artists](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f101e5d34c97c608156ad5396714c2a2edca966a) ([#11377](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11377)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **tumblr**: [Support more URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b03267bf0675eeb8df5baf1daac7cf67840c91a5) ([#6057](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6057)) by [selfisekai](https://github.com/selfisekai), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **twitter**: [Remove cookies migration workaround](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/76802f461332d444e596437c42374fa237fa5174) ([#11392](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11392)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **vimeo**: [Fix API retries](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/57212a5f97ce367590aaa5c3e9a135eead8f81f7) ([#11351](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11351)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **yle_areena**: [Support live events](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a6783a3b9905e547f6c1d4df9d7c7999feda8afa) ([#11358](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11358)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [CounterPillow](https://github.com/CounterPillow)
+- **youtube**: [Adjust OAuth refresh token handling](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d569a8845254d90ce13ad74ae76695e8d6441068) ([#11414](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11414)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+
+#### Misc. changes
+- **build**
+    - [Disable attestations for trusted publishing](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/428ffb75aa3534b275cf54de42693a4d261519da) ([#11418](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11418)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Move optional dependencies to the `default` group](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/87884f15580910e4e0fe0e1db73508debc657471) ([#11255](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11255)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Use Ubuntu 20.04 and Python 3.9 for Linux ARM builds](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/dd2e24446954246a2ec4d4a7e95531f52a14b351) ([#8638](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8638)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **cleanup**
+    - Miscellaneous
+        - [ea9e35d](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ea9e35d85fba5eab341cdcaf1eaed69b57f7e465) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+        - [c998238](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c998238c2e76c62d1d29962c6e8ebe916cc7913b) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [KBelmin](https://github.com/KBelmin)
+        - [197d0b0](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/197d0b03b6a3c8fe4fa5ace630eeffec629bf72c) by [avagordon01](https://github.com/avagordon01), [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [grqz](https://github.com/grqz), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **devscripts**: `make_changelog`: [Parse full commit message for fixes](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0a3991edae0e10f2ea41ece9fdea5e48f789f1de) ([#11366](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11366)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+
 ### 2024.10.22
 
 #### Important changes
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 46fff07df2..772395d24d 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -98,14 +98,14 @@ You can install yt-dlp using [the binaries](#release-files), [pip](https://pypi.
 File|Description
 :---|:---
 [yt-dlp](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp)|Platform-independent [zipimport](https://docs.python.org/3/library/zipimport.html) binary. Needs Python (recommended for **Linux/BSD**)
-[yt-dlp.exe](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp.exe)|Windows (Win7 SP1+) standalone x64 binary (recommended for **Windows**)
+[yt-dlp.exe](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp.exe)|Windows (Win8+) standalone x64 binary (recommended for **Windows**)
 [yt-dlp_macos](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp_macos)|Universal MacOS (10.15+) standalone executable (recommended for **MacOS**)
 
 #### Alternatives
 
 File|Description
 :---|:---
-[yt-dlp_x86.exe](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp_x86.exe)|Windows (Win7 SP1+) standalone x86 (32-bit) binary
+[yt-dlp_x86.exe](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp_x86.exe)|Windows (Win8+) standalone x86 (32-bit) binary
 [yt-dlp_linux](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp_linux)|Linux standalone x64 binary
 [yt-dlp_linux_armv7l](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp_linux_armv7l)|Linux standalone armv7l (32-bit) binary
 [yt-dlp_linux_aarch64](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp_linux_aarch64)|Linux standalone aarch64 (64-bit) binary
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ python3 -m pip install -U --pre "yt-dlp[default]"
 ```
 
 ## DEPENDENCIES
-Python versions 3.8+ (CPython) and 3.10+ (PyPy) are supported. Other versions and implementations may or may not work correctly.
+Python versions 3.9+ (CPython) and 3.10+ (PyPy) are supported. Other versions and implementations may or may not work correctly.
 
 <!-- Python 3.5+ uses VC++14 and it is already embedded in the binary created
 <!x-- https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=26999 --x>
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ On some systems, you may need to use `py` or `python` instead of `python3`.
 **Important**: Running `pyinstaller` directly **instead of** using `python -m bundle.pyinstaller` is **not** officially supported. This may or may not work correctly.
 
 ### Platform-independent Binary (UNIX)
-You will need the build tools `python` (3.8+), `zip`, `make` (GNU), `pandoc`\* and `pytest`\*.
+You will need the build tools `python` (3.9+), `zip`, `make` (GNU), `pandoc`\* and `pytest`\*.
 
 After installing these, simply run `make`.
 
@@ -342,8 +342,9 @@ If you fork the project on GitHub, you can run your fork's [build workflow](.git
                                     extractor plugins; postprocessor plugins can
                                     only be loaded from the default plugin
                                     directories
-    --flat-playlist                 Do not extract the videos of a playlist,
-                                    only list them
+    --flat-playlist                 Do not extract a playlist's URL result
+                                    entries; some entry metadata may be missing
+                                    and downloading may be bypassed
     --no-flat-playlist              Fully extract the videos of a playlist
                                     (default)
     --live-from-start               Download livestreams from the start.
@@ -479,7 +480,8 @@ If you fork the project on GitHub, you can run your fork's [build workflow](.git
     --no-download-archive           Do not use archive file (default)
     --max-downloads NUMBER          Abort after downloading NUMBER files
     --break-on-existing             Stop the download process when encountering
-                                    a file that is in the archive
+                                    a file that is in the archive supplied with
+                                    the --download-archive option
     --no-break-on-existing          Do not stop the download process when
                                     encountering a file that is in the archive
                                     (default)
@@ -1292,6 +1294,7 @@ The available fields are:
  - `playlist_uploader_id` (string): Nickname or id of the playlist uploader
  - `playlist_channel` (string): Display name of the channel that uploaded the playlist
  - `playlist_channel_id` (string): Identifier of the channel that uploaded the playlist
+ - `playlist_webpage_url` (string): URL of the playlist webpage
  - `webpage_url` (string): A URL to the video webpage which, if given to yt-dlp, should yield the same result again
  - `webpage_url_basename` (string): The basename of the webpage URL
  - `webpage_url_domain` (string): The domain of the webpage URL
@@ -1553,9 +1556,9 @@ The available fields are:
 
 All fields, unless specified otherwise, are sorted in descending order. To reverse this, prefix the field with a `+`. E.g. `+res` prefers format with the smallest resolution. Additionally, you can suffix a preferred value for the fields, separated by a `:`. E.g. `res:720` prefers larger videos, but no larger than 720p and the smallest video if there are no videos less than 720p. For `codec` and `ext`, you can provide two preferred values, the first for video and the second for audio. E.g. `+codec:avc:m4a` (equivalent to `+vcodec:avc,+acodec:m4a`) sets the video codec preference to `h264` > `h265` > `vp9` > `vp9.2` > `av01` > `vp8` > `h263` > `theora` and audio codec preference to `mp4a` > `aac` > `vorbis` > `opus` > `mp3` > `ac3` > `dts`. You can also make the sorting prefer the nearest values to the provided by using `~` as the delimiter. E.g. `filesize~1G` prefers the format with filesize closest to 1 GiB.
 
-The fields `hasvid` and `ie_pref` are always given highest priority in sorting, irrespective of the user-defined order. This behavior can be changed by using `--format-sort-force`. Apart from these, the default order used is: `lang,quality,res,fps,hdr:12,vcodec:vp9.2,channels,acodec,size,br,asr,proto,ext,hasaud,source,id`. The extractors may override this default order, but they cannot override the user-provided order.
+The fields `hasvid` and `ie_pref` are always given highest priority in sorting, irrespective of the user-defined order. This behavior can be changed by using `--format-sort-force`. Apart from these, the default order used is: `lang,quality,res,fps,hdr:12,vcodec,channels,acodec,size,br,asr,proto,ext,hasaud,source,id`. The extractors may override this default order, but they cannot override the user-provided order.
 
-Note that the default has `vcodec:vp9.2`; i.e. `av1` is not preferred. Similarly, the default for hdr is `hdr:12`; i.e. Dolby Vision is not preferred. These choices are made since DV and AV1 formats are not yet fully compatible with most devices. This may be changed in the future as more devices become capable of smoothly playing back these formats.
+Note that the default for hdr is `hdr:12`; i.e. Dolby Vision is not preferred. This choice was made since DV formats are not yet fully compatible with most devices. This may be changed in the future.
 
 If your format selector is `worst`, the last item is selected after sorting. This means it will select the format that is worst in all respects. Most of the time, what you actually want is the video with the smallest filesize instead. So it is generally better to use `-f best -S +size,+br,+res,+fps`.
 
@@ -1758,7 +1761,7 @@ $ yt-dlp --replace-in-metadata "title,uploader" "[ _]" "-"
 
 # EXTRACTOR ARGUMENTS
 
-Some extractors accept additional arguments which can be passed using `--extractor-args KEY:ARGS`. `ARGS` is a `;` (semicolon) separated string of `ARG=VAL1,VAL2`. E.g. `--extractor-args "youtube:player-client=mediaconnect,web;formats=incomplete" --extractor-args "funimation:version=uncut"`
+Some extractors accept additional arguments which can be passed using `--extractor-args KEY:ARGS`. `ARGS` is a `;` (semicolon) separated string of `ARG=VAL1,VAL2`. E.g. `--extractor-args "youtube:player-client=tv,mweb;formats=incomplete" --extractor-args "funimation:version=uncut"`
 
 Note: In CLI, `ARG` can use `-` instead of `_`; e.g. `youtube:player-client"` becomes `youtube:player_client"`
 
@@ -1767,7 +1770,7 @@ The following extractors use this feature:
 #### youtube
 * `lang`: Prefer translated metadata (`title`, `description` etc) of this language code (case-sensitive). By default, the video primary language metadata is preferred, with a fallback to `en` translated. See [youtube.py](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/blob/c26f9b991a0681fd3ea548d535919cec1fbbd430/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube.py#L381-L390) for list of supported content language codes
 * `skip`: One or more of `hls`, `dash` or `translated_subs` to skip extraction of the m3u8 manifests, dash manifests and [auto-translated subtitles](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/4090#issuecomment-1158102032) respectively
-* `player_client`: Clients to extract video data from. The main clients are `web`, `ios` and `android`, with variants `_music` and `_creator` (e.g. `ios_creator`); and `mediaconnect`, `mweb`, `android_producer`, `android_testsuite`, `android_vr`, `web_safari`, `web_embedded`, `tv` and `tv_embedded` with no variants. By default, `ios,mweb` is used, and `tv_embedded`, `web_creator` and `mediaconnect` are added as required for age-gated videos. Similarly, the music variants are added for `music.youtube.com` URLs. Most `android` clients will be given lowest priority since their formats are broken. You can use `all` to use all the clients, and `default` for the default clients. You can prefix a client with `-` to exclude it, e.g. `youtube:player_client=all,-web`
+* `player_client`: Clients to extract video data from. The main clients are `web`, `ios` and `android`, with variants `_music` and `_creator` (e.g. `ios_creator`); and `mweb`, `android_vr`, `web_safari`, `web_embedded`, `tv` and `tv_embedded` with no variants. By default, `ios,mweb` is used, or `web_creator,mweb` is used when authenticating with cookies. The `_music` variants are added for `music.youtube.com` URLs. Some clients, such as `web` and `android`, require a `po_token` for their formats to be downloadable. Some clients, such as the `_creator` variants, will only work with authentication. Not all clients support authentication via cookies. You can use `all` to use all the clients, and `default` for the default clients. You can prefix a client with `-` to exclude it, e.g. `youtube:player_client=all,-web`
 * `player_skip`: Skip some network requests that are generally needed for robust extraction. One or more of `configs` (skip client configs), `webpage` (skip initial webpage), `js` (skip js player). While these options can help reduce the number of requests needed or avoid some rate-limiting, they could cause some issues. See [#860](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/860) for more details
 * `player_params`: YouTube player parameters to use for player requests. Will overwrite any default ones set by yt-dlp.
 * `comment_sort`: `top` or `new` (default) - choose comment sorting mode (on YouTube's side)
@@ -1791,7 +1794,7 @@ The following extractors use this feature:
 * `key_query`: Passthrough the master m3u8 URL query to its HLS AES-128 decryption key URI if no value is provided, or else apply the query string given as `key_query=VALUE`. Note that this will have no effect if the key URI is provided via the `hls_key` extractor-arg. Does not apply to ffmpeg
 * `hls_key`: An HLS AES-128 key URI *or* key (as hex), and optionally the IV (as hex), in the form of `(URI|KEY)[,IV]`; e.g. `generic:hls_key=ABCDEF1234567980,0xFEDCBA0987654321`. Passing any of these values will force usage of the native HLS downloader and override the corresponding values found in the m3u8 playlist
 * `is_live`: Bypass live HLS detection and manually set `live_status` - a value of `false` will set `not_live`, any other value (or no value) will set `is_live`
-* `impersonate`: Target(s) to try and impersonate with the initial webpage request; e.g. `safari,chrome-110`. By default any available target will be used. Use `false` to disable impersonation
+* `impersonate`: Target(s) to try and impersonate with the initial webpage request; e.g. `generic:impersonate=safari,chrome-110`. Use `generic:impersonate` to impersonate any available target, and use `generic:impersonate=false` to disable impersonation (default)
 
 #### funimation
 * `language`: Audio languages to extract, e.g. `funimation:language=english,japanese`
@@ -1865,8 +1868,8 @@ The following extractors use this feature:
 #### bilibili
 * `prefer_multi_flv`: Prefer extracting flv formats over mp4 for older videos that still provide legacy formats
 
-#### digitalconcerthall
-* `prefer_combined_hls`: Prefer extracting combined/pre-merged video and audio HLS formats. This will exclude 4K/HEVC video and lossless/FLAC audio formats, which are only available as split video/audio HLS formats
+#### sonylivseries
+* `sort_order`: Episode sort order for series extraction - one of `asc` (ascending, oldest first) or `desc` (descending, newest first). Default is `asc`
 
 **Note**: These options may be changed/removed in the future without concern for backward compatibility
 
@@ -2156,9 +2159,9 @@ with yt_dlp.YoutubeDL(ydl_opts) as ydl:
 * **YouTube improvements**:
     * Supports Clips, Stories (`ytstories:<channel UCID>`), Search (including filters)**\***, YouTube Music Search, Channel-specific search, Search prefixes (`ytsearch:`, `ytsearchdate:`)**\***, Mixes, and Feeds (`:ytfav`, `:ytwatchlater`, `:ytsubs`, `:ythistory`, `:ytrec`, `:ytnotif`)
     * Fix for [n-sig based throttling](https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/29326) **\***
-    * Supports some (but not all) age-gated content without cookies
     * Download livestreams from the start using `--live-from-start` (*experimental*)
     * Channel URLs download all uploads of the channel, including shorts and live
+    * Support for [logging in with OAuth](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/wiki/Extractors#logging-in-with-oauth)
 
 * **Cookies from browser**: Cookies can be automatically extracted from all major web browsers using `--cookies-from-browser BROWSER[+KEYRING][:PROFILE][::CONTAINER]`
 
@@ -2200,12 +2203,12 @@ Features marked with a **\*** have been back-ported to youtube-dl
 
 Some of yt-dlp's default options are different from that of youtube-dl and youtube-dlc:
 
-* yt-dlp supports only [Python 3.8+](## "Windows 7"), and will remove support for more versions as they [become EOL](https://devguide.python.org/versions/#python-release-cycle); while [youtube-dl still supports Python 2.6+ and 3.2+](https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/30568#issue-1118238743)
+* yt-dlp supports only [Python 3.9+](## "Windows 8"), and will remove support for more versions as they [become EOL](https://devguide.python.org/versions/#python-release-cycle); while [youtube-dl still supports Python 2.6+ and 3.2+](https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/30568#issue-1118238743)
 * The options `--auto-number` (`-A`), `--title` (`-t`) and `--literal` (`-l`), no longer work. See [removed options](#Removed) for details
 * `avconv` is not supported as an alternative to `ffmpeg`
 * yt-dlp stores config files in slightly different locations to youtube-dl. See [CONFIGURATION](#configuration) for a list of correct locations
 * The default [output template](#output-template) is `%(title)s [%(id)s].%(ext)s`. There is no real reason for this change. This was changed before yt-dlp was ever made public and now there are no plans to change it back to `%(title)s-%(id)s.%(ext)s`. Instead, you may use `--compat-options filename`
-* The default [format sorting](#sorting-formats) is different from youtube-dl and prefers higher resolution and better codecs rather than higher bitrates. You can use the `--format-sort` option to change this to any order you prefer, or use `--compat-options format-sort` to use youtube-dl's sorting order
+* The default [format sorting](#sorting-formats) is different from youtube-dl and prefers higher resolution and better codecs rather than higher bitrates. You can use the `--format-sort` option to change this to any order you prefer, or use `--compat-options format-sort` to use youtube-dl's sorting order. Older versions of yt-dlp preferred VP9 due to its broader compatibility; you can use `--compat-options prefer-vp9-sort` to revert to that format sorting preference. These two compat options cannot be used together
 * The default format selector is `bv*+ba/b`. This means that if a combined video + audio format that is better than the best video-only format is found, the former will be preferred. Use `-f bv+ba/b` or `--compat-options format-spec` to revert this
 * Unlike youtube-dlc, yt-dlp does not allow merging multiple audio/video streams into one file by default (since this conflicts with the use of `-f bv*+ba`). If needed, this feature must be enabled using `--audio-multistreams` and `--video-multistreams`. You can also use `--compat-options multistreams` to enable both
 * `--no-abort-on-error` is enabled by default. Use `--abort-on-error` or `--compat-options abort-on-error` to abort on errors instead
@@ -2234,11 +2237,11 @@ Some of yt-dlp's default options are different from that of youtube-dl and youtu
 For ease of use, a few more compat options are available:
 
 * `--compat-options all`: Use all compat options (**Do NOT use this!**)
-* `--compat-options youtube-dl`: Same as `--compat-options all,-multistreams,-playlist-match-filter,-manifest-filesize-approx,-allow-unsafe-ext`
-* `--compat-options youtube-dlc`: Same as `--compat-options all,-no-live-chat,-no-youtube-channel-redirect,-playlist-match-filter,-manifest-filesize-approx,-allow-unsafe-ext`
+* `--compat-options youtube-dl`: Same as `--compat-options all,-multistreams,-playlist-match-filter,-manifest-filesize-approx,-allow-unsafe-ext,-prefer-vp9-sort`
+* `--compat-options youtube-dlc`: Same as `--compat-options all,-no-live-chat,-no-youtube-channel-redirect,-playlist-match-filter,-manifest-filesize-approx,-allow-unsafe-ext,-prefer-vp9-sort`
 * `--compat-options 2021`: Same as `--compat-options 2022,no-certifi,filename-sanitization,no-youtube-prefer-utc-upload-date`
 * `--compat-options 2022`: Same as `--compat-options 2023,playlist-match-filter,no-external-downloader-progress,prefer-legacy-http-handler,manifest-filesize-approx`
-* `--compat-options 2023`: Currently does nothing. Use this to enable all future compat options
+* `--compat-options 2023`: Same as `--compat-options prefer-vp9-sort`. Use this to enable all future compat options
 
 The following compat options restore vulnerable behavior from before security patches:
 
diff --git a/devscripts/changelog_override.json b/devscripts/changelog_override.json
index 3262a0e678..079e2f7296 100644
--- a/devscripts/changelog_override.json
+++ b/devscripts/changelog_override.json
@@ -211,5 +211,33 @@
         "action": "add",
         "when": "87884f15580910e4e0fe0e1db73508debc657471",
         "short": "[priority] **Beginning with this release, yt-dlp's Python dependencies *must* be installed using the `default` group**\nIf you're installing yt-dlp with pip/pipx or requiring yt-dlp in your own Python project, you'll need to specify `yt-dlp[default]` if you want to also install yt-dlp's optional dependencies (which were previously included by default). [Read more](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/11255)"
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "add",
+        "when": "d784464399b600ba9516bbcec6286f11d68974dd",
+        "short": "[priority] **The minimum *required* Python version has been raised to 3.9**\nPython 3.8 reached its end-of-life on 2024.10.07, and yt-dlp has now removed support for it. As an unfortunate side effect, the official `yt-dlp.exe` and `yt-dlp_x86.exe` binaries are no longer supported on Windows 7. [Read more](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10086)"
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "change",
+        "when": "914af9a0cf51c9a3f74aa88d952bee8334c67511",
+        "short": "Expand paths in `--plugin-dirs` (#11334)",
+        "authors": ["bashonly"]
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "change",
+        "when": "c29f5a7fae93a08f3cfbb6127b2faa75145b06a0",
+        "short": "[ie/generic] Do not impersonate by default (#11336)",
+        "authors": ["bashonly"]
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "change",
+        "when": "57212a5f97ce367590aaa5c3e9a135eead8f81f7",
+        "short": "[ie/vimeo] Fix API retries (#11351)",
+        "authors": ["bashonly"]
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "add",
+        "when": "52c0ffe40ad6e8404d93296f575007b05b04c686",
+        "short": "[priority] **Login with OAuth is no longer supported for YouTube**\nDue to a change made by the site, yt-dlp is no longer able to support OAuth login for YouTube. [Read more](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11462#issuecomment-2471703090)"
     }
 ]
diff --git a/devscripts/generate_aes_testdata.py b/devscripts/generate_aes_testdata.py
index 7f3c88bcfb..73cf803b8f 100644
--- a/devscripts/generate_aes_testdata.py
+++ b/devscripts/generate_aes_testdata.py
@@ -11,13 +11,12 @@ import codecs
 import subprocess
 
 from yt_dlp.aes import aes_encrypt, key_expansion
-from yt_dlp.utils import intlist_to_bytes
 
 secret_msg = b'Secret message goes here'
 
 
 def hex_str(int_list):
-    return codecs.encode(intlist_to_bytes(int_list), 'hex')
+    return codecs.encode(bytes(int_list), 'hex')
 
 
 def openssl_encode(algo, key, iv):
diff --git a/devscripts/make_changelog.py b/devscripts/make_changelog.py
index 00634fb911..7c876101b4 100644
--- a/devscripts/make_changelog.py
+++ b/devscripts/make_changelog.py
@@ -71,14 +71,13 @@ class CommitGroup(enum.Enum):
     def get(cls, value: str) -> tuple[CommitGroup | None, str | None]:
         group, _, subgroup = (group.strip().lower() for group in value.partition('/'))
 
-        result = cls.group_lookup().get(group)
-        if not result:
-            if subgroup:
-                return None, value
-            subgroup = group
-            result = cls.subgroup_lookup().get(subgroup)
+        if result := cls.group_lookup().get(group):
+            return result, subgroup or None
 
-        return result, subgroup or None
+        if subgroup:
+            return None, value
+
+        return cls.subgroup_lookup().get(group), group or None
 
 
 @dataclass
@@ -136,8 +135,7 @@ class Changelog:
                 first = False
                 yield '\n<details><summary><h3>Changelog</h3></summary>\n'
 
-            group = groups[item]
-            if group:
+            if group := groups[item]:
                 yield self.format_module(item.value, group)
 
         if self._collapsible:
@@ -253,7 +251,7 @@ class CommitRange:
         ''', re.VERBOSE | re.DOTALL)
     EXTRACTOR_INDICATOR_RE = re.compile(r'(?:Fix|Add)\s+Extractors?', re.IGNORECASE)
     REVERT_RE = re.compile(r'(?:\[[^\]]+\]\s+)?(?i:Revert)\s+([\da-f]{40})')
-    FIXES_RE = re.compile(r'(?i:Fix(?:es)?(?:\s+bugs?)?(?:\s+in|\s+for)?|Revert|Improve)\s+([\da-f]{40})')
+    FIXES_RE = re.compile(r'(?i:(?:bug\s*)?fix(?:es)?(?:\s+bugs?)?(?:\s+in|\s+for)?|Improve)\s+([\da-f]{40})')
     UPSTREAM_MERGE_RE = re.compile(r'Update to ytdl-commit-([\da-f]+)')
 
     def __init__(self, start, end, default_author=None):
@@ -287,11 +285,16 @@ class CommitRange:
             short = next(lines)
             skip = short.startswith('Release ') or short == '[version] update'
 
+            fix_commitish = None
+            if match := self.FIXES_RE.search(short):
+                fix_commitish = match.group(1)
+
             authors = [default_author] if default_author else []
             for line in iter(lambda: next(lines), self.COMMIT_SEPARATOR):
-                match = self.AUTHOR_INDICATOR_RE.match(line)
-                if match:
+                if match := self.AUTHOR_INDICATOR_RE.match(line):
                     authors = sorted(map(str.strip, line[match.end():].split(',')), key=str.casefold)
+                if not fix_commitish and (match := self.FIXES_RE.fullmatch(line)):
+                    fix_commitish = match.group(1)
 
             commit = Commit(commit_hash, short, authors)
             if skip and (self._start or not i):
@@ -301,21 +304,17 @@ class CommitRange:
                 logger.debug(f'Reached Release commit, breaking: {commit}')
                 break
 
-            revert_match = self.REVERT_RE.fullmatch(commit.short)
-            if revert_match:
-                reverts[revert_match.group(1)] = commit
+            if match := self.REVERT_RE.fullmatch(commit.short):
+                reverts[match.group(1)] = commit
                 continue
 
-            fix_match = self.FIXES_RE.search(commit.short)
-            if fix_match:
-                commitish = fix_match.group(1)
-                fixes[commitish].append(commit)
+            if fix_commitish:
+                fixes[fix_commitish].append(commit)
 
             commits[commit.hash] = commit
 
         for commitish, revert_commit in reverts.items():
-            reverted = commits.pop(commitish, None)
-            if reverted:
+            if reverted := commits.pop(commitish, None):
                 logger.debug(f'{commitish} fully reverted {reverted}')
             else:
                 commits[revert_commit.hash] = revert_commit
@@ -461,8 +460,7 @@ def create_changelog(args):
 
     logger.info(f'Loaded {len(commits)} commits')
 
-    new_contributors = get_new_contributors(args.contributors_path, commits)
-    if new_contributors:
+    if new_contributors := get_new_contributors(args.contributors_path, commits):
         if args.contributors:
             write_file(args.contributors_path, '\n'.join(new_contributors) + '\n', mode='a')
         logger.info(f'New contributors: {", ".join(new_contributors)}')
diff --git a/devscripts/make_issue_template.py b/devscripts/make_issue_template.py
index 8135689c7e..2a418ddbf7 100644
--- a/devscripts/make_issue_template.py
+++ b/devscripts/make_issue_template.py
@@ -32,14 +32,15 @@ VERBOSE_TMPL = '''
       placeholder: |
         [debug] Command-line config: ['-vU', 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc']
         [debug] Encodings: locale cp65001, fs utf-8, pref cp65001, out utf-8, error utf-8, screen utf-8
-        [debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp [b634ba742] (win_exe)
-        [debug] Python 3.8.10 (CPython 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.22000-SP0
-        [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg N-106550-g072101bd52-20220410 (fdk,setts), ffprobe N-106624-g391ce570c8-20220415, phantomjs 2.1.1
-        [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.15.0, brotli-1.0.9, certifi-2022.06.15, mutagen-1.45.1, sqlite3-2.6.0, websockets-10.3
+        [debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds [1a176d874] (win_exe)
+        [debug] Python 3.10.11 (CPython AMD64 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.20348-SP0 (OpenSSL 1.1.1t  7 Feb 2023)
+        [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg 7.0.2 (setts), ffprobe 7.0.2
+        [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.21.0, brotli-1.1.0, certifi-2024.08.30, curl_cffi-0.5.10, mutagen-1.47.0, requests-2.32.3, sqlite3-3.40.1, urllib3-2.2.3, websockets-13.1
         [debug] Proxy map: {}
-        [debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests
-        [debug] Loaded 1893 extractors
-        [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds/releases/latest
+        [debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests, websockets, curl_cffi
+        [debug] Loaded 1838 extractors
+        [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest
+        Latest version: nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds
         yt-dlp is up to date (nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds)
         [youtube] Extracting URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc
         <more lines>
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index ff5e38ff50..96e2d669a4 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ maintainers = [
 ]
 description = "A feature-rich command-line audio/video downloader"
 readme = "README.md"
-requires-python = ">=3.8"
+requires-python = ">=3.9"
 keywords = [
     "youtube-dl",
     "video-downloader",
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ classifiers = [
     "Environment :: Console",
     "Programming Language :: Python",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only",
-    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
@@ -77,14 +76,14 @@ dev = [
 ]
 static-analysis = [
     "autopep8~=2.0",
-    "ruff~=0.6.0",
+    "ruff~=0.8.0",
 ]
 test = [
     "pytest~=8.1",
     "pytest-rerunfailures~=14.0",
 ]
 pyinstaller = [
-    "pyinstaller>=6.10.0",  # Windows temp cleanup fixed in 6.10.0
+    "pyinstaller>=6.11.1",  # Windows temp cleanup fixed in 6.11.1
 ]
 
 [project.urls]
@@ -187,6 +186,7 @@ ignore = [
     "E501",    # line-too-long
     "E731",    # lambda-assignment
     "E741",    # ambiguous-variable-name
+    "UP031",   # printf-string-formatting
     "UP036",   # outdated-version-block
     "B006",    # mutable-argument-default
     "B008",    # function-call-in-default-argument
@@ -259,9 +259,6 @@ select = [
     "A002",   # builtin-argument-shadowing
     "C408",   # unnecessary-collection-call
 ]
-"yt_dlp/jsinterp.py" = [
-    "UP031",  # printf-string-formatting
-]
 
 [tool.ruff.lint.isort]
 known-first-party = [
@@ -314,6 +311,16 @@ banned-from = [
 "yt_dlp.compat.compat_urllib_parse_urlparse".msg = "Use `urllib.parse.urlparse` instead."
 "yt_dlp.compat.compat_shlex_quote".msg = "Use `yt_dlp.utils.shell_quote` instead."
 "yt_dlp.utils.error_to_compat_str".msg = "Use `str` instead."
+"yt_dlp.utils.bytes_to_intlist".msg = "Use `list` instead."
+"yt_dlp.utils.intlist_to_bytes".msg = "Use `bytes` instead."
+"yt_dlp.utils.decodeArgument".msg = "Do not use"
+"yt_dlp.utils.decodeFilename".msg = "Do not use"
+"yt_dlp.utils.encodeFilename".msg = "Do not use"
+"yt_dlp.compat.compat_os_name".msg = "Use `os.name` instead."
+"yt_dlp.compat.compat_realpath".msg = "Use `os.path.realpath` instead."
+"yt_dlp.compat.functools".msg = "Use `functools` instead."
+"yt_dlp.utils.decodeOption".msg = "Do not use"
+"yt_dlp.utils.compiled_regex_type".msg = "Use `re.Pattern` instead."
 
 [tool.autopep8]
 max_line_length = 120
diff --git a/setup.cfg b/setup.cfg
index e7f3e2b955..20d40cd303 100644
--- a/setup.cfg
+++ b/setup.cfg
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ setenv =
 
 
 [isort]
-py_version = 38
+py_version = 39
 multi_line_output = VERTICAL_HANGING_INDENT
 line_length = 80
 reverse_relative = true
diff --git a/supportedsites.md b/supportedsites.md
index 7b22e8c6fa..916735e08b 100644
--- a/supportedsites.md
+++ b/supportedsites.md
@@ -129,6 +129,8 @@
  - **Bandcamp:album**
  - **Bandcamp:user**
  - **Bandcamp:weekly**
+ - **Bandlab**
+ - **BandlabPlaylist**
  - **BannedVideo**
  - **bbc**: [*bbc*](## "netrc machine") BBC
  - **bbc.co.uk**: [*bbc*](## "netrc machine") BBC iPlayer
@@ -190,6 +192,7 @@
  - **blerp**
  - **blogger.com**
  - **Bloomberg**
+ - **Bluesky**
  - **BokeCC**
  - **BongaCams**
  - **Boosty**
@@ -247,7 +250,7 @@
  - **cbsnews:livevideo**: CBS News Live Videos
  - **cbssports**: (**Currently broken**)
  - **cbssports:embed**: (**Currently broken**)
- - **CCMA**
+ - **CCMA**: 3Cat, TV3 and Catalunya Ràdio
  - **CCTV**: 央视网
  - **CDA**: [*cdapl*](## "netrc machine")
  - **CDAFolder**
@@ -280,8 +283,6 @@
  - **cmt.com**: (**Currently broken**)
  - **CNBCVideo**
  - **CNN**
- - **CNNArticle**
- - **CNNBlogs**
  - **CNNIndonesia**
  - **ComedyCentral**
  - **ComedyCentralTV**
@@ -485,6 +486,7 @@
  - **Gab**
  - **GabTV**
  - **Gaia**: [*gaia*](## "netrc machine")
+ - **GameDevTVDashboard**: [*gamedevtv*](## "netrc machine")
  - **GameJolt**
  - **GameJoltCommunity**
  - **GameJoltGame**
@@ -652,6 +654,8 @@
  - **Karaoketv**
  - **Katsomo**: (**Currently broken**)
  - **KelbyOne**: (**Currently broken**)
+ - **Kenh14Playlist**
+ - **Kenh14Video**
  - **Ketnet**
  - **khanacademy**
  - **khanacademy:unit**
@@ -685,9 +689,9 @@
  - **LastFMPlaylist**
  - **LastFMUser**
  - **LaXarxaMes**: [*laxarxames*](## "netrc machine")
- - **lbry**
- - **lbry:channel**
- - **lbry:playlist**
+ - **lbry**: odysee.com
+ - **lbry:channel**: odysee.com channels
+ - **lbry:playlist**: odysee.com playlists
  - **LCI**
  - **Lcp**
  - **LcpPlay**
@@ -785,10 +789,6 @@
  - **MicrosoftLearnSession**
  - **MicrosoftMedius**
  - **microsoftstream**: Microsoft Stream
- - **mildom**: Record ongoing live by specific user in Mildom
- - **mildom:clip**: Clip in Mildom
- - **mildom:​user:vod**: Download all VODs from specific user in Mildom
- - **mildom:vod**: VOD in Mildom
  - **minds**
  - **minds:channel**
  - **minds:group**
@@ -799,6 +799,7 @@
  - **MiTele**: mitele.es
  - **mixch**
  - **mixch:archive**
+ - **mixch:movie**
  - **mixcloud**
  - **mixcloud:playlist**
  - **mixcloud:user**
@@ -1061,8 +1062,8 @@
  - **PhilharmonieDeParis**: Philharmonie de Paris
  - **phoenix.de**
  - **Photobucket**
+ - **PiaLive**
  - **Piapro**: [*piapro*](## "netrc machine")
- - **PIAULIZAPortal**: ulizaportal.jp - PIA LIVE STREAM
  - **Picarto**
  - **PicartoVod**
  - **Piksel**
@@ -1089,8 +1090,6 @@
  - **PodbayFMChannel**
  - **Podchaser**
  - **podomatic**: (**Currently broken**)
- - **Pokemon**
- - **PokemonWatch**
  - **PokerGo**: [*pokergo*](## "netrc machine")
  - **PokerGoCollection**: [*pokergo*](## "netrc machine")
  - **PolsatGo**
@@ -1161,6 +1160,7 @@
  - **RadioJavan**: (**Currently broken**)
  - **radiokapital**
  - **radiokapital:show**
+ - **RadioRadicale**
  - **RadioZetPodcast**
  - **radlive**
  - **radlive:channel**
@@ -1368,9 +1368,7 @@
  - **spotify**: Spotify episodes (**Currently broken**)
  - **spotify:show**: Spotify shows (**Currently broken**)
  - **Spreaker**
- - **SpreakerPage**
  - **SpreakerShow**
- - **SpreakerShowPage**
  - **SpringboardPlatform**
  - **Sprout**
  - **SproutVideo**
@@ -1446,7 +1444,7 @@
  - **TeleQuebecSquat**
  - **TeleQuebecVideo**
  - **TeleTask**: (**Currently broken**)
- - **Telewebion**
+ - **Telewebion**: (**Currently broken**)
  - **Tempo**
  - **TennisTV**: [*tennistv*](## "netrc machine")
  - **TenPlay**: [*10play*](## "netrc machine")
@@ -1571,6 +1569,8 @@
  - **UFCTV**: [*ufctv*](## "netrc machine")
  - **ukcolumn**: (**Currently broken**)
  - **UKTVPlay**
+ - **UlizaPlayer**
+ - **UlizaPortal**: ulizaportal.jp
  - **umg:de**: Universal Music Deutschland (**Currently broken**)
  - **Unistra**
  - **Unity**: (**Currently broken**)
@@ -1588,8 +1588,6 @@
  - **Varzesh3**: (**Currently broken**)
  - **Vbox7**
  - **Veo**
- - **Veoh**
- - **veoh:user**
  - **Vesti**: Вести.Ru (**Currently broken**)
  - **Vevo**
  - **VevoPlaylist**
diff --git a/test/helper.py b/test/helper.py
index 3b550d1927..c776e70b73 100644
--- a/test/helper.py
+++ b/test/helper.py
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import types
 
 import yt_dlp.extractor
 from yt_dlp import YoutubeDL
-from yt_dlp.compat import compat_os_name
 from yt_dlp.utils import preferredencoding, try_call, write_string, find_available_port
 
 if 'pytest' in sys.modules:
@@ -49,7 +48,7 @@ def report_warning(message, *args, **kwargs):
     Print the message to stderr, it will be prefixed with 'WARNING:'
     If stderr is a tty file the 'WARNING:' will be colored
     """
-    if sys.stderr.isatty() and compat_os_name != 'nt':
+    if sys.stderr.isatty() and os.name != 'nt':
         _msg_header = '\033[0;33mWARNING:\033[0m'
     else:
         _msg_header = 'WARNING:'
diff --git a/test/test_InfoExtractor.py b/test/test_InfoExtractor.py
index 31e8f82448..54f35ef552 100644
--- a/test/test_InfoExtractor.py
+++ b/test/test_InfoExtractor.py
@@ -53,6 +53,18 @@ class TestInfoExtractor(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_ie_key(self):
         self.assertEqual(get_info_extractor(YoutubeIE.ie_key()), YoutubeIE)
 
+    def test_get_netrc_login_info(self):
+        for params in [
+            {'usenetrc': True, 'netrc_location': './test/testdata/netrc/netrc'},
+            {'netrc_cmd': f'{sys.executable} ./test/testdata/netrc/print_netrc.py'},
+        ]:
+            ie = DummyIE(FakeYDL(params))
+            self.assertEqual(ie._get_netrc_login_info(netrc_machine='normal_use'), ('user', 'pass'))
+            self.assertEqual(ie._get_netrc_login_info(netrc_machine='empty_user'), ('', 'pass'))
+            self.assertEqual(ie._get_netrc_login_info(netrc_machine='empty_pass'), ('user', ''))
+            self.assertEqual(ie._get_netrc_login_info(netrc_machine='both_empty'), ('', ''))
+            self.assertEqual(ie._get_netrc_login_info(netrc_machine='nonexistent'), (None, None))
+
     def test_html_search_regex(self):
         html = '<p id="foo">Watch this <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc">video</a></p>'
         search = lambda re, *args: self.ie._html_search_regex(re, html, *args)
diff --git a/test/test_YoutubeDL.py b/test/test_YoutubeDL.py
index a99e624080..966d27a498 100644
--- a/test/test_YoutubeDL.py
+++ b/test/test_YoutubeDL.py
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ import json
 
 from test.helper import FakeYDL, assertRegexpMatches, try_rm
 from yt_dlp import YoutubeDL
-from yt_dlp.compat import compat_os_name
 from yt_dlp.extractor import YoutubeIE
 from yt_dlp.extractor.common import InfoExtractor
 from yt_dlp.postprocessor.common import PostProcessor
@@ -839,8 +838,8 @@ class TestYoutubeDL(unittest.TestCase):
         test('%(filesize)#D', '1Ki')
         test('%(height)5.2D', ' 1.08k')
         test('%(title4)#S', 'foo_bar_test')
-        test('%(title4).10S', ('foo ＂bar＂ ', 'foo ＂bar＂' + ('#' if compat_os_name == 'nt' else ' ')))
-        if compat_os_name == 'nt':
+        test('%(title4).10S', ('foo ＂bar＂ ', 'foo ＂bar＂' + ('#' if os.name == 'nt' else ' ')))
+        if os.name == 'nt':
             test('%(title4)q', ('"foo ""bar"" test"', None))
             test('%(formats.:.id)#q', ('"id 1" "id 2" "id 3"', None))
             test('%(formats.0.id)#q', ('"id 1"', None))
@@ -903,9 +902,9 @@ class TestYoutubeDL(unittest.TestCase):
 
         # Environment variable expansion for prepare_filename
         os.environ['__yt_dlp_var'] = 'expanded'
-        envvar = '%__yt_dlp_var%' if compat_os_name == 'nt' else '$__yt_dlp_var'
+        envvar = '%__yt_dlp_var%' if os.name == 'nt' else '$__yt_dlp_var'
         test(envvar, (envvar, 'expanded'))
-        if compat_os_name == 'nt':
+        if os.name == 'nt':
             test('%s%', ('%s%', '%s%'))
             os.environ['s'] = 'expanded'
             test('%s%', ('%s%', 'expanded'))  # %s% should be expanded before escaping %s
diff --git a/test/test_aes.py b/test/test_aes.py
index 5f975efecf..9cd9189bcc 100644
--- a/test/test_aes.py
+++ b/test/test_aes.py
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ from yt_dlp.aes import (
     pad_block,
 )
 from yt_dlp.dependencies import Cryptodome
-from yt_dlp.utils import bytes_to_intlist, intlist_to_bytes
 
 # the encrypted data can be generate with 'devscripts/generate_aes_testdata.py'
 
@@ -40,33 +39,33 @@ class TestAES(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_encrypt(self):
         msg = b'message'
         key = list(range(16))
-        encrypted = aes_encrypt(bytes_to_intlist(msg), key)
-        decrypted = intlist_to_bytes(aes_decrypt(encrypted, key))
+        encrypted = aes_encrypt(list(msg), key)
+        decrypted = bytes(aes_decrypt(encrypted, key))
         self.assertEqual(decrypted, msg)
 
     def test_cbc_decrypt(self):
         data = b'\x97\x92+\xe5\x0b\xc3\x18\x91ky9m&\xb3\xb5@\xe6\x27\xc2\x96.\xc8u\x88\xab9-[\x9e|\xf1\xcd'
-        decrypted = intlist_to_bytes(aes_cbc_decrypt(bytes_to_intlist(data), self.key, self.iv))
+        decrypted = bytes(aes_cbc_decrypt(list(data), self.key, self.iv))
         self.assertEqual(decrypted.rstrip(b'\x08'), self.secret_msg)
         if Cryptodome.AES:
-            decrypted = aes_cbc_decrypt_bytes(data, intlist_to_bytes(self.key), intlist_to_bytes(self.iv))
+            decrypted = aes_cbc_decrypt_bytes(data, bytes(self.key), bytes(self.iv))
             self.assertEqual(decrypted.rstrip(b'\x08'), self.secret_msg)
 
     def test_cbc_encrypt(self):
-        data = bytes_to_intlist(self.secret_msg)
-        encrypted = intlist_to_bytes(aes_cbc_encrypt(data, self.key, self.iv))
+        data = list(self.secret_msg)
+        encrypted = bytes(aes_cbc_encrypt(data, self.key, self.iv))
         self.assertEqual(
             encrypted,
             b'\x97\x92+\xe5\x0b\xc3\x18\x91ky9m&\xb3\xb5@\xe6\'\xc2\x96.\xc8u\x88\xab9-[\x9e|\xf1\xcd')
 
     def test_ctr_decrypt(self):
-        data = bytes_to_intlist(b'\x03\xc7\xdd\xd4\x8e\xb3\xbc\x1a*O\xdc1\x12+8Aio\xd1z\xb5#\xaf\x08')
-        decrypted = intlist_to_bytes(aes_ctr_decrypt(data, self.key, self.iv))
+        data = list(b'\x03\xc7\xdd\xd4\x8e\xb3\xbc\x1a*O\xdc1\x12+8Aio\xd1z\xb5#\xaf\x08')
+        decrypted = bytes(aes_ctr_decrypt(data, self.key, self.iv))
         self.assertEqual(decrypted.rstrip(b'\x08'), self.secret_msg)
 
     def test_ctr_encrypt(self):
-        data = bytes_to_intlist(self.secret_msg)
-        encrypted = intlist_to_bytes(aes_ctr_encrypt(data, self.key, self.iv))
+        data = list(self.secret_msg)
+        encrypted = bytes(aes_ctr_encrypt(data, self.key, self.iv))
         self.assertEqual(
             encrypted,
             b'\x03\xc7\xdd\xd4\x8e\xb3\xbc\x1a*O\xdc1\x12+8Aio\xd1z\xb5#\xaf\x08')
@@ -75,47 +74,59 @@ class TestAES(unittest.TestCase):
         data = b'\x159Y\xcf5eud\x90\x9c\x85&]\x14\x1d\x0f.\x08\xb4T\xe4/\x17\xbd'
         authentication_tag = b'\xe8&I\x80rI\x07\x9d}YWuU@:e'
 
-        decrypted = intlist_to_bytes(aes_gcm_decrypt_and_verify(
-            bytes_to_intlist(data), self.key, bytes_to_intlist(authentication_tag), self.iv[:12]))
+        decrypted = bytes(aes_gcm_decrypt_and_verify(
+            list(data), self.key, list(authentication_tag), self.iv[:12]))
         self.assertEqual(decrypted.rstrip(b'\x08'), self.secret_msg)
         if Cryptodome.AES:
             decrypted = aes_gcm_decrypt_and_verify_bytes(
-                data, intlist_to_bytes(self.key), authentication_tag, intlist_to_bytes(self.iv[:12]))
+                data, bytes(self.key), authentication_tag, bytes(self.iv[:12]))
             self.assertEqual(decrypted.rstrip(b'\x08'), self.secret_msg)
 
+    def test_gcm_aligned_decrypt(self):
+        data = b'\x159Y\xcf5eud\x90\x9c\x85&]\x14\x1d\x0f'
+        authentication_tag = b'\x08\xb1\x9d!&\x98\xd0\xeaRq\x90\xe6;\xb5]\xd8'
+
+        decrypted = bytes(aes_gcm_decrypt_and_verify(
+            list(data), self.key, list(authentication_tag), self.iv[:12]))
+        self.assertEqual(decrypted.rstrip(b'\x08'), self.secret_msg[:16])
+        if Cryptodome.AES:
+            decrypted = aes_gcm_decrypt_and_verify_bytes(
+                data, bytes(self.key), authentication_tag, bytes(self.iv[:12]))
+            self.assertEqual(decrypted.rstrip(b'\x08'), self.secret_msg[:16])
+
     def test_decrypt_text(self):
-        password = intlist_to_bytes(self.key).decode()
+        password = bytes(self.key).decode()
         encrypted = base64.b64encode(
-            intlist_to_bytes(self.iv[:8])
+            bytes(self.iv[:8])
             + b'\x17\x15\x93\xab\x8d\x80V\xcdV\xe0\t\xcdo\xc2\xa5\xd8ksM\r\xe27N\xae',
         ).decode()
         decrypted = (aes_decrypt_text(encrypted, password, 16))
         self.assertEqual(decrypted, self.secret_msg)
 
-        password = intlist_to_bytes(self.key).decode()
+        password = bytes(self.key).decode()
         encrypted = base64.b64encode(
-            intlist_to_bytes(self.iv[:8])
+            bytes(self.iv[:8])
             + b'\x0b\xe6\xa4\xd9z\x0e\xb8\xb9\xd0\xd4i_\x85\x1d\x99\x98_\xe5\x80\xe7.\xbf\xa5\x83',
         ).decode()
         decrypted = (aes_decrypt_text(encrypted, password, 32))
         self.assertEqual(decrypted, self.secret_msg)
 
     def test_ecb_encrypt(self):
-        data = bytes_to_intlist(self.secret_msg)
-        encrypted = intlist_to_bytes(aes_ecb_encrypt(data, self.key))
+        data = list(self.secret_msg)
+        encrypted = bytes(aes_ecb_encrypt(data, self.key))
         self.assertEqual(
             encrypted,
             b'\xaa\x86]\x81\x97>\x02\x92\x9d\x1bR[[L/u\xd3&\xd1(h\xde{\x81\x94\xba\x02\xae\xbd\xa6\xd0:')
 
     def test_ecb_decrypt(self):
-        data = bytes_to_intlist(b'\xaa\x86]\x81\x97>\x02\x92\x9d\x1bR[[L/u\xd3&\xd1(h\xde{\x81\x94\xba\x02\xae\xbd\xa6\xd0:')
-        decrypted = intlist_to_bytes(aes_ecb_decrypt(data, self.key, self.iv))
+        data = list(b'\xaa\x86]\x81\x97>\x02\x92\x9d\x1bR[[L/u\xd3&\xd1(h\xde{\x81\x94\xba\x02\xae\xbd\xa6\xd0:')
+        decrypted = bytes(aes_ecb_decrypt(data, self.key, self.iv))
         self.assertEqual(decrypted.rstrip(b'\x08'), self.secret_msg)
 
     def test_key_expansion(self):
         key = '4f6bdaa39e2f8cb07f5e722d9edef314'
 
-        self.assertEqual(key_expansion(bytes_to_intlist(bytearray.fromhex(key))), [
+        self.assertEqual(key_expansion(list(bytearray.fromhex(key))), [
             0x4F, 0x6B, 0xDA, 0xA3, 0x9E, 0x2F, 0x8C, 0xB0, 0x7F, 0x5E, 0x72, 0x2D, 0x9E, 0xDE, 0xF3, 0x14,
             0x53, 0x66, 0x20, 0xA8, 0xCD, 0x49, 0xAC, 0x18, 0xB2, 0x17, 0xDE, 0x35, 0x2C, 0xC9, 0x2D, 0x21,
             0x8C, 0xBE, 0xDD, 0xD9, 0x41, 0xF7, 0x71, 0xC1, 0xF3, 0xE0, 0xAF, 0xF4, 0xDF, 0x29, 0x82, 0xD5,
diff --git a/test/test_compat.py b/test/test_compat.py
index e7d97e3e93..b1cc2a8187 100644
--- a/test/test_compat.py
+++ b/test/test_compat.py
@@ -12,12 +12,7 @@ import struct
 
 from yt_dlp import compat
 from yt_dlp.compat import urllib  # isort: split
-from yt_dlp.compat import (
-    compat_etree_fromstring,
-    compat_expanduser,
-    compat_urllib_parse_unquote,  # noqa: TID251
-    compat_urllib_parse_urlencode,  # noqa: TID251
-)
+from yt_dlp.compat import compat_etree_fromstring, compat_expanduser
 from yt_dlp.compat.urllib.request import getproxies
 
 
@@ -43,39 +38,6 @@ class TestCompat(unittest.TestCase):
         finally:
             os.environ['HOME'] = old_home or ''
 
-    def test_compat_urllib_parse_unquote(self):
-        self.assertEqual(compat_urllib_parse_unquote('abc%20def'), 'abc def')
-        self.assertEqual(compat_urllib_parse_unquote('%7e/abc+def'), '~/abc+def')
-        self.assertEqual(compat_urllib_parse_unquote(''), '')
-        self.assertEqual(compat_urllib_parse_unquote('%'), '%')
-        self.assertEqual(compat_urllib_parse_unquote('%%'), '%%')
-        self.assertEqual(compat_urllib_parse_unquote('%%%'), '%%%')
-        self.assertEqual(compat_urllib_parse_unquote('%2F'), '/')
-        self.assertEqual(compat_urllib_parse_unquote('%2f'), '/')
-        self.assertEqual(compat_urllib_parse_unquote('%E6%B4%A5%E6%B3%A2'), '津波')
-        self.assertEqual(
-            compat_urllib_parse_unquote('''<meta property="og:description" content="%E2%96%81%E2%96%82%E2%96%83%E2%96%84%25%E2%96%85%E2%96%86%E2%96%87%E2%96%88" />
-%<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A">%a'''),
-            '''<meta property="og:description" content="▁▂▃▄%▅▆▇█" />
-%<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/تسونامي">%a''')
-        self.assertEqual(
-            compat_urllib_parse_unquote('''%28%5E%E2%97%A3_%E2%97%A2%5E%29%E3%81%A3%EF%B8%BB%E3%83%87%E2%95%90%E4%B8%80    %E2%87%80    %E2%87%80    %E2%87%80    %E2%87%80    %E2%87%80    %E2%86%B6%I%Break%25Things%'''),
-            '''(^◣_◢^)っ︻デ═一    ⇀    ⇀    ⇀    ⇀    ⇀    ↶%I%Break%Things%''')
-
-    def test_compat_urllib_parse_unquote_plus(self):
-        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.unquote_plus('abc%20def'), 'abc def')
-        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.unquote_plus('%7e/abc+def'), '~/abc def')
-
-    def test_compat_urllib_parse_urlencode(self):
-        self.assertEqual(compat_urllib_parse_urlencode({'abc': 'def'}), 'abc=def')
-        self.assertEqual(compat_urllib_parse_urlencode({'abc': b'def'}), 'abc=def')
-        self.assertEqual(compat_urllib_parse_urlencode({b'abc': 'def'}), 'abc=def')
-        self.assertEqual(compat_urllib_parse_urlencode({b'abc': b'def'}), 'abc=def')
-        self.assertEqual(compat_urllib_parse_urlencode([('abc', 'def')]), 'abc=def')
-        self.assertEqual(compat_urllib_parse_urlencode([('abc', b'def')]), 'abc=def')
-        self.assertEqual(compat_urllib_parse_urlencode([(b'abc', 'def')]), 'abc=def')
-        self.assertEqual(compat_urllib_parse_urlencode([(b'abc', b'def')]), 'abc=def')
-
     def test_compat_etree_fromstring(self):
         xml = '''
             <root foo="bar" spam="中文">
diff --git a/test/test_cookies.py b/test/test_cookies.py
index e1271f67eb..4b9b9b5a91 100644
--- a/test/test_cookies.py
+++ b/test/test_cookies.py
@@ -105,6 +105,13 @@ class TestCookies(unittest.TestCase):
             decryptor = LinuxChromeCookieDecryptor('Chrome', Logger())
             self.assertEqual(decryptor.decrypt(encrypted_value), value)
 
+    def test_chrome_cookie_decryptor_linux_v10_meta24(self):
+        with MonkeyPatch(cookies, {'_get_linux_keyring_password': lambda *args, **kwargs: b''}):
+            encrypted_value = b'v10\x1f\xe4\x0e[\x83\x0c\xcc*kPi \xce\x8d\x1d\xbb\x80\r\x11\t\xbb\x9e^Hy\x94\xf4\x963\x9f\x82\xba\xfe\xa1\xed\xb9\xf1)\x00710\x92\xc8/<\x96B'
+            value = 'DE'
+            decryptor = LinuxChromeCookieDecryptor('Chrome', Logger(), meta_version=24)
+            self.assertEqual(decryptor.decrypt(encrypted_value), value)
+
     def test_chrome_cookie_decryptor_windows_v10(self):
         with MonkeyPatch(cookies, {
             '_get_windows_v10_key': lambda *args, **kwargs: b'Y\xef\xad\xad\xeerp\xf0Y\xe6\x9b\x12\xc2<z\x16]\n\xbb\xb8\xcb\xd7\x9bA\xc3\x14e\x99{\xd6\xf4&',
@@ -114,6 +121,15 @@ class TestCookies(unittest.TestCase):
             decryptor = WindowsChromeCookieDecryptor('', Logger())
             self.assertEqual(decryptor.decrypt(encrypted_value), value)
 
+    def test_chrome_cookie_decryptor_windows_v10_meta24(self):
+        with MonkeyPatch(cookies, {
+            '_get_windows_v10_key': lambda *args, **kwargs: b'\xea\x8b\x02\xc3\xc6\xc5\x99\xc3\xa3[ j\xfa\xf6\xfcU\xac\x13u\xdc\x0c\x0e\xf1\x03\x90\xb6\xdf\xbb\x8fL\xb1\xb2',
+        }):
+            encrypted_value = b'v10dN\xe1\xacy\x84^\xe1I\xact\x03r\xfb\xe2\xce{^\x0e<(\xb0y\xeb\x01\xfb@"\x9e\x8c\xa53~\xdb*\x8f\xac\x8b\xe3\xfd3\x06\xe5\x93\x19OyOG\xb2\xfb\x1d$\xc0\xda\x13j\x9e\xfe\xc5\xa3\xa8\xfe\xd9'
+            value = '1234'
+            decryptor = WindowsChromeCookieDecryptor('', Logger(), meta_version=24)
+            self.assertEqual(decryptor.decrypt(encrypted_value), value)
+
     def test_chrome_cookie_decryptor_mac_v10(self):
         with MonkeyPatch(cookies, {'_get_mac_keyring_password': lambda *args, **kwargs: b'6eIDUdtKAacvlHwBVwvg/Q=='}):
             encrypted_value = b'v10\xb3\xbe\xad\xa1[\x9fC\xa1\x98\xe0\x9a\x01\xd9\xcf\xbfc'
diff --git a/test/test_downloader_http.py b/test/test_downloader_http.py
index faba0bc9c8..cf2e3fac16 100644
--- a/test/test_downloader_http.py
+++ b/test/test_downloader_http.py
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ import threading
 from test.helper import http_server_port, try_rm
 from yt_dlp import YoutubeDL
 from yt_dlp.downloader.http import HttpFD
-from yt_dlp.utils import encodeFilename
 from yt_dlp.utils._utils import _YDLLogger as FakeLogger
 
 TEST_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
@@ -82,12 +81,12 @@ class TestHttpFD(unittest.TestCase):
         ydl = YoutubeDL(params)
         downloader = HttpFD(ydl, params)
         filename = 'testfile.mp4'
-        try_rm(encodeFilename(filename))
+        try_rm(filename)
         self.assertTrue(downloader.real_download(filename, {
             'url': f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.port}/{ep}',
         }), ep)
-        self.assertEqual(os.path.getsize(encodeFilename(filename)), TEST_SIZE, ep)
-        try_rm(encodeFilename(filename))
+        self.assertEqual(os.path.getsize(filename), TEST_SIZE, ep)
+        try_rm(filename)
 
     def download_all(self, params):
         for ep in ('regular', 'no-content-length', 'no-range', 'no-range-no-content-length'):
diff --git a/test/test_socks.py b/test/test_socks.py
index 68af19d0ca..f601fc8a5e 100644
--- a/test/test_socks.py
+++ b/test/test_socks.py
@@ -216,7 +216,9 @@ class SocksWebSocketTestRequestHandler(SocksTestRequestHandler):
         protocol = websockets.ServerProtocol()
         connection = websockets.sync.server.ServerConnection(socket=self.request, protocol=protocol, close_timeout=0)
         connection.handshake()
-        connection.send(json.dumps(self.socks_info))
+        for message in connection:
+            if message == 'socks_info':
+                connection.send(json.dumps(self.socks_info))
         connection.close()
 
 
diff --git a/test/test_traversal.py b/test/test_traversal.py
index 9179dadda4..bc433029d8 100644
--- a/test/test_traversal.py
+++ b/test/test_traversal.py
@@ -9,12 +9,17 @@ from yt_dlp.utils import (
     determine_ext,
     dict_get,
     int_or_none,
+    join_nonempty,
     str_or_none,
 )
 from yt_dlp.utils.traversal import (
-    traverse_obj,
+    find_element,
+    find_elements,
     require,
     subs_list_to_dict,
+    traverse_obj,
+    trim_str,
+    unpack,
 )
 
 _TEST_DATA = {
@@ -34,6 +39,14 @@ _TEST_DATA = {
     'dict': {},
 }
 
+_TEST_HTML = '''<html><body>
+    <div class="a">1</div>
+    <div class="a" id="x" custom="z">2</div>
+    <div class="b" data-id="y" custom="z">3</div>
+    <p class="a">4</p>
+    <p id="d" custom="e">5</p>
+</body></html>'''
+
 
 class TestTraversal:
     def test_traversal_base(self):
@@ -468,7 +481,7 @@ class TestTraversalHelpers:
             'id': 'name',
             'data': 'content',
             'url': 'url',
-        }, all, {subs_list_to_dict}]) == {
+        }, all, {subs_list_to_dict(lang=None)}]) == {
             'de': [{'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de.ass'}],
             'en': [{'data': 'content'}],
         }, 'subs with mandatory items missing should be filtered'
@@ -477,7 +490,7 @@ class TestTraversalHelpers:
             {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/en', 'name': 'en'},
         ], [..., {
             'id': 'name',
-            'ext': ['url', {lambda x: determine_ext(x, default_ext=None)}],
+            'ext': ['url', {determine_ext(default_ext=None)}],
             'url': 'url',
         }, all, {subs_list_to_dict(ext='ext')}]) == {
             'de': [{'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de.ass', 'ext': 'ass'}],
@@ -494,6 +507,121 @@ class TestTraversalHelpers:
             {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/en1', 'ext': 'ext'},
             {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/en2', 'ext': 'ext'},
         ]}, '`quality` key should sort subtitle list accordingly'
+        assert traverse_obj([
+            {'name': 'de', 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de.ass'},
+            {'name': 'de'},
+            {'name': 'en', 'content': 'content'},
+            {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/en'},
+        ], [..., {
+            'id': 'name',
+            'url': 'url',
+            'data': 'content',
+        }, all, {subs_list_to_dict(lang='en')}]) == {
+            'de': [{'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de.ass'}],
+            'en': [
+                {'data': 'content'},
+                {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/en'},
+            ],
+        }, 'optionally provided lang should be used if no id available'
+        assert traverse_obj([
+            {'name': 1, 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de1'},
+            {'name': {}, 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de2'},
+            {'name': 'de', 'ext': 1, 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de3'},
+            {'name': 'de', 'ext': {}, 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de4'},
+        ], [..., {
+            'id': 'name',
+            'url': 'url',
+            'ext': 'ext',
+        }, all, {subs_list_to_dict(lang=None)}]) == {
+            'de': [
+                {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de3'},
+                {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de4'},
+            ],
+        }, 'non str types should be ignored for id and ext'
+        assert traverse_obj([
+            {'name': 1, 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de1'},
+            {'name': {}, 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de2'},
+            {'name': 'de', 'ext': 1, 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de3'},
+            {'name': 'de', 'ext': {}, 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de4'},
+        ], [..., {
+            'id': 'name',
+            'url': 'url',
+            'ext': 'ext',
+        }, all, {subs_list_to_dict(lang='de')}]) == {
+            'de': [
+                {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de1'},
+                {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de2'},
+                {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de3'},
+                {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de4'},
+            ],
+        }, 'non str types should be replaced by default id'
+
+    def test_trim_str(self):
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            trim_str('positional')
+
+        assert callable(trim_str(start='a'))
+        assert trim_str(start='ab')('abc') == 'c'
+        assert trim_str(end='bc')('abc') == 'a'
+        assert trim_str(start='a', end='c')('abc') == 'b'
+        assert trim_str(start='ab', end='c')('abc') == ''
+        assert trim_str(start='a', end='bc')('abc') == ''
+        assert trim_str(start='ab', end='bc')('abc') == ''
+        assert trim_str(start='abc', end='abc')('abc') == ''
+        assert trim_str(start='', end='')('abc') == 'abc'
+
+    def test_unpack(self):
+        assert unpack(lambda *x: ''.join(map(str, x)))([1, 2, 3]) == '123'
+        assert unpack(join_nonempty)([1, 2, 3]) == '1-2-3'
+        assert unpack(join_nonempty, delim=' ')([1, 2, 3]) == '1 2 3'
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            unpack(join_nonempty)()
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            unpack()
+
+    def test_find_element(self):
+        for improper_kwargs in [
+            dict(attr='data-id'),
+            dict(value='y'),
+            dict(attr='data-id', value='y', cls='a'),
+            dict(attr='data-id', value='y', id='x'),
+            dict(cls='a', id='x'),
+            dict(cls='a', tag='p'),
+            dict(cls='[ab]', regex=True),
+        ]:
+            with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
+                find_element(**improper_kwargs)(_TEST_HTML)
+
+        assert find_element(cls='a')(_TEST_HTML) == '1'
+        assert find_element(cls='a', html=True)(_TEST_HTML) == '<div class="a">1</div>'
+        assert find_element(id='x')(_TEST_HTML) == '2'
+        assert find_element(id='[ex]')(_TEST_HTML) is None
+        assert find_element(id='[ex]', regex=True)(_TEST_HTML) == '2'
+        assert find_element(id='x', html=True)(_TEST_HTML) == '<div class="a" id="x" custom="z">2</div>'
+        assert find_element(attr='data-id', value='y')(_TEST_HTML) == '3'
+        assert find_element(attr='data-id', value='y(?:es)?')(_TEST_HTML) is None
+        assert find_element(attr='data-id', value='y(?:es)?', regex=True)(_TEST_HTML) == '3'
+        assert find_element(
+            attr='data-id', value='y', html=True)(_TEST_HTML) == '<div class="b" data-id="y" custom="z">3</div>'
+
+    def test_find_elements(self):
+        for improper_kwargs in [
+            dict(tag='p'),
+            dict(attr='data-id'),
+            dict(value='y'),
+            dict(attr='data-id', value='y', cls='a'),
+            dict(cls='a', tag='div'),
+            dict(cls='[ab]', regex=True),
+        ]:
+            with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
+                find_elements(**improper_kwargs)(_TEST_HTML)
+
+        assert find_elements(cls='a')(_TEST_HTML) == ['1', '2', '4']
+        assert find_elements(cls='a', html=True)(_TEST_HTML) == [
+            '<div class="a">1</div>', '<div class="a" id="x" custom="z">2</div>', '<p class="a">4</p>']
+        assert find_elements(attr='custom', value='z')(_TEST_HTML) == ['2', '3']
+        assert find_elements(attr='custom', value='[ez]')(_TEST_HTML) == []
+        assert find_elements(attr='custom', value='[ez]', regex=True)(_TEST_HTML) == ['2', '3', '5']
 
 
 class TestDictGet:
diff --git a/test/test_update.py b/test/test_update.py
index 63a21e445f..23c12d38c1 100644
--- a/test/test_update.py
+++ b/test/test_update.py
@@ -82,16 +82,32 @@ TEST_LOCKFILE_V1 = rf'''{TEST_LOCKFILE_COMMENT}
 lock 2022.08.18.36 .+ Python 3\.6
 lock 2023.11.16 (?!win_x86_exe).+ Python 3\.7
 lock 2023.11.16 win_x86_exe .+ Windows-(?:Vista|2008Server)
+lock 2024.10.22 py2exe .+
+lock 2024.10.22 linux_(?:armv7l|aarch64)_exe .+-glibc2\.(?:[12]?\d|30)\b
+lock 2024.10.22 (?!\w+_exe).+ Python 3\.8
+lock 2024.10.22 win(?:_x86)?_exe Python 3\.[78].+ Windows-(?:7-|2008ServerR2)
 '''
 
 TEST_LOCKFILE_V2_TMPL = r'''%s
 lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2022.08.18.36 .+ Python 3\.6
 lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2023.11.16 (?!win_x86_exe).+ Python 3\.7
 lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2023.11.16 win_x86_exe .+ Windows-(?:Vista|2008Server)
+lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2024.10.22 py2exe .+
+lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2024.10.22 linux_(?:armv7l|aarch64)_exe .+-glibc2\.(?:[12]?\d|30)\b
+lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2024.10.22 (?!\w+_exe).+ Python 3\.8
+lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2024.10.22 win(?:_x86)?_exe Python 3\.[78].+ Windows-(?:7-|2008ServerR2)
 lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds 2023.11.15.232826 (?!win_x86_exe).+ Python 3\.7
 lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds 2023.11.15.232826 win_x86_exe .+ Windows-(?:Vista|2008Server)
+lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds 2024.10.22.051025 py2exe .+
+lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds 2024.10.22.051025 linux_(?:armv7l|aarch64)_exe .+-glibc2\.(?:[12]?\d|30)\b
+lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds 2024.10.22.051025 (?!\w+_exe).+ Python 3\.8
+lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds 2024.10.22.051025 win(?:_x86)?_exe Python 3\.[78].+ Windows-(?:7-|2008ServerR2)
 lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds 2023.11.15.232812 (?!win_x86_exe).+ Python 3\.7
 lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds 2023.11.15.232812 win_x86_exe .+ Windows-(?:Vista|2008Server)
+lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds 2024.10.22.045052 py2exe .+
+lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds 2024.10.22.060347 linux_(?:armv7l|aarch64)_exe .+-glibc2\.(?:[12]?\d|30)\b
+lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds 2024.10.22.060347 (?!\w+_exe).+ Python 3\.8
+lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds 2024.10.22.060347 win(?:_x86)?_exe Python 3\.[78].+ Windows-(?:7-|2008ServerR2)
 '''
 
 TEST_LOCKFILE_V2 = TEST_LOCKFILE_V2_TMPL % TEST_LOCKFILE_COMMENT
@@ -145,43 +161,76 @@ class TestUpdate(unittest.TestCase):
         for lockfile in (TEST_LOCKFILE_V1, TEST_LOCKFILE_V2, TEST_LOCKFILE_ACTUAL, TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK):
             # Normal operation
             test(lockfile, 'zip Python 3.12.0', '2023.12.31', '2023.12.31')
-            test(lockfile, 'zip stable Python 3.12.0', '2023.12.31', '2023.12.31', exact=True)
-            # Python 3.6 --update should update only to its lock
+            test(lockfile, 'zip Python 3.12.0', '2023.12.31', '2023.12.31', exact=True)
+            # py2exe should never update beyond 2024.10.22
+            test(lockfile, 'py2exe Python 3.8', '2025.01.01', '2024.10.22')
+            test(lockfile, 'py2exe Python 3.8', '2025.01.01', None, exact=True)
+            # Python 3.6 --update should update only to the py3.6 lock
             test(lockfile, 'zip Python 3.6.0', '2023.11.16', '2022.08.18.36')
-            # --update-to an exact version later than the lock should return None
-            test(lockfile, 'zip stable Python 3.6.0', '2023.11.16', None, exact=True)
-            # Python 3.7 should be able to update to its lock
+            # Python 3.6 --update-to an exact version later than the py3.6 lock should return None
+            test(lockfile, 'zip Python 3.6.0', '2023.11.16', None, exact=True)
+            # Python 3.7 should be able to update to the py3.7 lock
             test(lockfile, 'zip Python 3.7.0', '2023.11.16', '2023.11.16')
-            test(lockfile, 'zip stable Python 3.7.1', '2023.11.16', '2023.11.16', exact=True)
-            # Non-win_x86_exe builds on py3.7 must be locked
+            test(lockfile, 'zip Python 3.7.1', '2023.11.16', '2023.11.16', exact=True)
+            # Non-win_x86_exe builds on py3.7 must be locked at py3.7 lock
             test(lockfile, 'zip Python 3.7.1', '2023.12.31', '2023.11.16')
-            test(lockfile, 'zip stable Python 3.7.1', '2023.12.31', None, exact=True)
-            test(  # Windows Vista w/ win_x86_exe must be locked
-                lockfile, 'win_x86_exe stable Python 3.7.9 (CPython x86 32bit) - Windows-Vista-6.0.6003-SP2',
+            test(lockfile, 'zip Python 3.7.1', '2023.12.31', None, exact=True)
+            # Python 3.8 should only update to the py3.8 lock
+            test(lockfile, 'zip Python 3.8.10', '2025.01.01', '2024.10.22')
+            test(lockfile, 'zip Python 3.8.110', '2025.01.01', None, exact=True)
+            test(  # Windows Vista w/ win_x86_exe must be locked at Vista lock
+                lockfile, 'win_x86_exe Python 3.7.9 (CPython x86 32bit) - Windows-Vista-6.0.6003-SP2',
                 '2023.12.31', '2023.11.16')
-            test(  # Windows 2008Server w/ win_x86_exe must be locked
+            test(  # Windows 2008Server w/ win_x86_exe must be locked at Vista lock
                 lockfile, 'win_x86_exe Python 3.7.9 (CPython x86 32bit) - Windows-2008Server',
                 '2023.12.31', None, exact=True)
-            test(  # Windows 7 w/ win_x86_exe py3.7 build should be able to update beyond lock
-                lockfile, 'win_x86_exe stable Python 3.7.9 (CPython x86 32bit) - Windows-7-6.1.7601-SP1',
-                '2023.12.31', '2023.12.31')
-            test(  # Windows 8.1 w/ '2008Server' in platform string should be able to update beyond lock
+            test(  # Windows 7 w/ win_x86_exe py3.7 build should be able to update beyond py3.7 lock
+                lockfile, 'win_x86_exe Python 3.7.9 (CPython x86 32bit) - Windows-7-6.1.7601-SP1',
+                '2023.12.31', '2023.12.31', exact=True)
+            test(  # Windows 7 win_x86_exe should only update to Win7 lock
+                lockfile, 'win_x86_exe Python 3.7.9 (CPython x86 32bit) - Windows-7-6.1.7601-SP1',
+                '2025.01.01', '2024.10.22')
+            test(  # Windows 2008ServerR2 win_exe should only update to Win7 lock
+                lockfile, 'win_exe Python 3.8.10 (CPython x86 32bit) - Windows-2008ServerR2',
+                '2025.12.31', '2024.10.22')
+            test(  # Windows 8.1 w/ '2008Server' in platform string should be able to update beyond py3.7 lock
                 lockfile, 'win_x86_exe Python 3.7.9 (CPython x86 32bit) - Windows-post2008Server-6.2.9200',
                 '2023.12.31', '2023.12.31', exact=True)
+            test(  # win_exe built w/Python 3.8 on Windows>=8 should be able to update beyond py3.8 lock
+                lockfile, 'win_exe Python 3.8.10 (CPython AMD64 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.20348-SP0',
+                '2025.01.01', '2025.01.01', exact=True)
+            test(  # linux_armv7l_exe w/glibc2.7 should only update to glibc<2.31 lock
+                lockfile, 'linux_armv7l_exe Python 3.8.0 (CPython armv7l 32bit) - Linux-6.5.0-1025-azure-armv7l-with-glibc2.7',
+                '2025.01.01', '2024.10.22')
+            test(  # linux_armv7l_exe w/Python 3.8 and glibc>=2.31 should be able to update beyond py3.8 and glibc<2.31 locks
+                lockfile, 'linux_armv7l_exe Python 3.8.0 (CPython armv7l 32bit) - Linux-6.5.0-1025-azure-armv7l-with-glibc2.31',
+                '2025.01.01', '2025.01.01')
+            test(  # linux_armv7l_exe w/glibc2.30 should only update to glibc<2.31 lock
+                lockfile, 'linux_armv7l_exe Python 3.8.0 (CPython armv7l 64bit) - Linux-6.5.0-1025-azure-aarch64-with-glibc2.30 (OpenSSL',
+                '2025.01.01', '2024.10.22')
+            test(  # linux_aarch64_exe w/glibc2.17 should only update to glibc<2.31 lock
+                lockfile, 'linux_aarch64_exe Python 3.8.0 (CPython aarch64 64bit) - Linux-6.5.0-1025-azure-aarch64-with-glibc2.17',
+                '2025.01.01', '2024.10.22')
+            test(  # linux_aarch64_exe w/glibc2.40 and glibc>=2.31 should be able to update beyond py3.8 and glibc<2.31 locks
+                lockfile, 'linux_aarch64_exe Python 3.8.0 (CPython aarch64 64bit) - Linux-6.5.0-1025-azure-aarch64-with-glibc2.40',
+                '2025.01.01', '2025.01.01')
+            test(  # linux_aarch64_exe w/glibc2.3 should only update to glibc<2.31 lock
+                lockfile, 'linux_aarch64_exe Python 3.8.0 (CPython aarch64 64bit) - Linux-6.5.0-1025-azure-aarch64-with-glibc2.3 (OpenSSL',
+                '2025.01.01', '2024.10.22')
 
         # Forks can block updates to non-numeric tags rather than lock
         test(TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK, 'zip Python 3.6.3', 'pr0000', None, repo='fork/yt-dlp')
-        test(TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK, 'zip stable Python 3.7.4', 'pr0000', 'pr0000', repo='fork/yt-dlp')
-        test(TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK, 'zip stable Python 3.7.4', 'pr1234', None, repo='fork/yt-dlp')
+        test(TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK, 'zip Python 3.7.4', 'pr0000', 'pr0000', repo='fork/yt-dlp')
+        test(TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK, 'zip Python 3.7.4', 'pr1234', None, repo='fork/yt-dlp')
         test(TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK, 'zip Python 3.8.1', 'pr1234', 'pr1234', repo='fork/yt-dlp', exact=True)
         test(
-            TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK, 'win_x86_exe stable Python 3.7.9 (CPython x86 32bit) - Windows-Vista-6.0.6003-SP2',
+            TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK, 'win_x86_exe Python 3.7.9 (CPython x86 32bit) - Windows-Vista-6.0.6003-SP2',
             'pr1234', None, repo='fork/yt-dlp')
         test(
-            TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK, 'win_x86_exe stable Python 3.7.9 (CPython x86 32bit) - Windows-7-6.1.7601-SP1',
+            TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK, 'win_x86_exe Python 3.7.9 (CPython x86 32bit) - Windows-7-6.1.7601-SP1',
             '2023.12.31', '2023.12.31', repo='fork/yt-dlp')
         test(TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK, 'zip Python 3.11.2', 'pr9999', None, repo='fork/yt-dlp', exact=True)
-        test(TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK, 'zip stable Python 3.12.0', 'pr9999', 'pr9999', repo='fork/yt-dlp')
+        test(TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK, 'zip Python 3.12.0', 'pr9999', 'pr9999', repo='fork/yt-dlp')
 
     def test_query_update(self):
         ydl = FakeYDL()
diff --git a/test/test_utils.py b/test/test_utils.py
index d4b846f56f..b3de14198e 100644
--- a/test/test_utils.py
+++ b/test/test_utils.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 import os
 import sys
 import unittest
+import unittest.mock
 import warnings
 import datetime as dt
 
@@ -20,7 +21,6 @@ import xml.etree.ElementTree
 from yt_dlp.compat import (
     compat_etree_fromstring,
     compat_HTMLParseError,
-    compat_os_name,
 )
 from yt_dlp.utils import (
     Config,
@@ -48,7 +48,6 @@ from yt_dlp.utils import (
     dfxp2srt,
     encode_base_n,
     encode_compat_str,
-    encodeFilename,
     expand_path,
     extract_attributes,
     extract_basic_auth,
@@ -68,7 +67,6 @@ from yt_dlp.utils import (
     get_elements_html_by_class,
     get_elements_text_and_html_by_attribute,
     int_or_none,
-    intlist_to_bytes,
     iri_to_uri,
     is_html,
     js_to_json,
@@ -343,11 +341,13 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(remove_start(None, 'A - '), None)
         self.assertEqual(remove_start('A - B', 'A - '), 'B')
         self.assertEqual(remove_start('B - A', 'A - '), 'B - A')
+        self.assertEqual(remove_start('non-empty', ''), 'non-empty')
 
     def test_remove_end(self):
         self.assertEqual(remove_end(None, ' - B'), None)
         self.assertEqual(remove_end('A - B', ' - B'), 'A')
         self.assertEqual(remove_end('B - A', ' - B'), 'B - A')
+        self.assertEqual(remove_end('non-empty', ''), 'non-empty')
 
     def test_remove_quotes(self):
         self.assertEqual(remove_quotes(None), None)
@@ -563,10 +563,10 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(res_data, {'a': 'b', 'c': 'd'})
 
     def test_shell_quote(self):
-        args = ['ffmpeg', '-i', encodeFilename('ñ€ß\'.mp4')]
+        args = ['ffmpeg', '-i', 'ñ€ß\'.mp4']
         self.assertEqual(
             shell_quote(args),
-            """ffmpeg -i 'ñ€ß'"'"'.mp4'""" if compat_os_name != 'nt' else '''ffmpeg -i "ñ€ß'.mp4"''')
+            """ffmpeg -i 'ñ€ß'"'"'.mp4'""" if os.name != 'nt' else '''ffmpeg -i "ñ€ß'.mp4"''')
 
     def test_float_or_none(self):
         self.assertEqual(float_or_none('42.42'), 42.42)
@@ -1306,15 +1306,10 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(clean_html('a:\n   "b"'), 'a: "b"')
         self.assertEqual(clean_html('a<br>\xa0b'), 'a\nb')
 
-    def test_intlist_to_bytes(self):
-        self.assertEqual(
-            intlist_to_bytes([0, 1, 127, 128, 255]),
-            b'\x00\x01\x7f\x80\xff')
-
     def test_args_to_str(self):
         self.assertEqual(
             args_to_str(['foo', 'ba/r', '-baz', '2 be', '']),
-            'foo ba/r -baz \'2 be\' \'\'' if compat_os_name != 'nt' else 'foo ba/r -baz "2 be" ""',
+            'foo ba/r -baz \'2 be\' \'\'' if os.name != 'nt' else 'foo ba/r -baz "2 be" ""',
         )
 
     def test_parse_filesize(self):
@@ -2114,7 +2109,7 @@ Line 1
         assert extract_basic_auth('http://user:@foo.bar') == ('http://foo.bar', 'Basic dXNlcjo=')
         assert extract_basic_auth('http://user:pass@foo.bar') == ('http://foo.bar', 'Basic dXNlcjpwYXNz')
 
-    @unittest.skipUnless(compat_os_name == 'nt', 'Only relevant on Windows')
+    @unittest.skipUnless(os.name == 'nt', 'Only relevant on Windows')
     def test_windows_escaping(self):
         tests = [
             'test"&',
@@ -2148,6 +2143,12 @@ Line 1
             assert run_shell(args) == expected
             assert run_shell(shell_quote(args, shell=True)) == expected
 
+    def test_partial_application(self):
+        assert callable(int_or_none(scale=10)), 'missing positional parameter should apply partially'
+        assert int_or_none(10, scale=0.1) == 100, 'positionally passed argument should call function'
+        assert int_or_none(v=10) == 10, 'keyword passed positional should call function'
+        assert int_or_none(scale=0.1)(10) == 100, 'call after partial application should call the function'
+
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/test/testdata/netrc/netrc b/test/testdata/netrc/netrc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bafe92fe6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/testdata/netrc/netrc
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+machine normal_use login user password pass
+machine empty_user login "" password pass
+machine empty_pass login user password ""
+machine both_empty login "" password ""
diff --git a/test/testdata/netrc/print_netrc.py b/test/testdata/netrc/print_netrc.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5c25814f84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/testdata/netrc/print_netrc.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+with open('./test/testdata/netrc/netrc', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
+    print(fp.read())
diff --git a/yt_dlp/YoutubeDL.py b/yt_dlp/YoutubeDL.py
index 48185b7693..65b72e026c 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/YoutubeDL.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/YoutubeDL.py
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ import unicodedata
 
 from .cache import Cache
 from .compat import urllib  # isort: split
-from .compat import compat_os_name, urllib_req_to_req
+from .compat import urllib_req_to_req
 from .cookies import CookieLoadError, LenientSimpleCookie, load_cookies
 from .downloader import FFmpegFD, get_suitable_downloader, shorten_protocol_name
 from .downloader.rtmp import rtmpdump_version
@@ -109,7 +109,6 @@ from .utils import (
     determine_ext,
     determine_protocol,
     encode_compat_str,
-    encodeFilename,
     escapeHTML,
     expand_path,
     extract_basic_auth,
@@ -167,7 +166,7 @@ from .utils.networking import (
 )
 from .version import CHANNEL, ORIGIN, RELEASE_GIT_HEAD, VARIANT, __version__
 
-if compat_os_name == 'nt':
+if os.name == 'nt':
     import ctypes
 
 
@@ -470,7 +469,7 @@ class YoutubeDL:
                        The following options do not work when used through the API:
                        filename, abort-on-error, multistreams, no-live-chat,
                        format-sort, no-clean-infojson, no-playlist-metafiles,
-                       no-keep-subs, no-attach-info-json, allow-unsafe-ext.
+                       no-keep-subs, no-attach-info-json, allow-unsafe-ext, prefer-vp9-sort.
                        Refer __init__.py for their implementation
     progress_template: Dictionary of templates for progress outputs.
                        Allowed keys are 'download', 'postprocess',
@@ -643,7 +642,7 @@ class YoutubeDL:
             out=stdout,
             error=sys.stderr,
             screen=sys.stderr if self.params.get('quiet') else stdout,
-            console=None if compat_os_name == 'nt' else next(
+            console=None if os.name == 'nt' else next(
                 filter(supports_terminal_sequences, (sys.stderr, sys.stdout)), None),
         )
 
@@ -952,7 +951,7 @@ class YoutubeDL:
             self._write_string(f'{self._bidi_workaround(message)}\n', self._out_files.error, only_once=only_once)
 
     def _send_console_code(self, code):
-        if compat_os_name == 'nt' or not self._out_files.console:
+        if os.name == 'nt' or not self._out_files.console:
             return
         self._write_string(code, self._out_files.console)
 
@@ -960,7 +959,7 @@ class YoutubeDL:
         if not self.params.get('consoletitle', False):
             return
         message = remove_terminal_sequences(message)
-        if compat_os_name == 'nt':
+        if os.name == 'nt':
             if ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetConsoleWindow():
                 # c_wchar_p() might not be necessary if `message` is
                 # already of type unicode()
@@ -1117,7 +1116,7 @@ class YoutubeDL:
     def raise_no_formats(self, info, forced=False, *, msg=None):
         has_drm = info.get('_has_drm')
         ignored, expected = self.params.get('ignore_no_formats_error'), bool(msg)
-        msg = msg or has_drm and 'This video is DRM protected' or 'No video formats found!'
+        msg = msg or (has_drm and 'This video is DRM protected') or 'No video formats found!'
         if forced or not ignored:
             raise ExtractorError(msg, video_id=info['id'], ie=info['extractor'],
                                  expected=has_drm or ignored or expected)
@@ -1948,6 +1947,7 @@ class YoutubeDL:
             'playlist_uploader_id': ie_result.get('uploader_id'),
             'playlist_channel': ie_result.get('channel'),
             'playlist_channel_id': ie_result.get('channel_id'),
+            'playlist_webpage_url': ie_result.get('webpage_url'),
             **kwargs,
         }
         if strict:
@@ -2196,7 +2196,7 @@ class YoutubeDL:
     def _default_format_spec(self, info_dict):
         prefer_best = (
             self.params['outtmpl']['default'] == '-'
-            or info_dict.get('is_live') and not self.params.get('live_from_start'))
+            or (info_dict.get('is_live') and not self.params.get('live_from_start')))
 
         def can_merge():
             merger = FFmpegMergerPP(self)
@@ -2365,7 +2365,7 @@ class YoutubeDL:
                 vexts=[f['ext'] for f in video_fmts],
                 aexts=[f['ext'] for f in audio_fmts],
                 preferences=(try_call(lambda: self.params['merge_output_format'].split('/'))
-                             or self.params.get('prefer_free_formats') and ('webm', 'mkv')))
+                             or (self.params.get('prefer_free_formats') and ('webm', 'mkv'))))
 
             filtered = lambda *keys: filter(None, (traverse_obj(fmt, *keys) for fmt in formats_info))
 
@@ -2849,13 +2849,10 @@ class YoutubeDL:
             sanitize_string_field(fmt, 'format_id')
             sanitize_numeric_fields(fmt)
             fmt['url'] = sanitize_url(fmt['url'])
-            if fmt.get('ext') is None:
-                fmt['ext'] = determine_ext(fmt['url']).lower()
+            FormatSorter._fill_sorting_fields(fmt)
             if fmt['ext'] in ('aac', 'opus', 'mp3', 'flac', 'vorbis'):
                 if fmt.get('acodec') is None:
                     fmt['acodec'] = fmt['ext']
-            if fmt.get('protocol') is None:
-                fmt['protocol'] = determine_protocol(fmt)
             if fmt.get('resolution') is None:
                 fmt['resolution'] = self.format_resolution(fmt, default=None)
             if fmt.get('dynamic_range') is None and fmt.get('vcodec') != 'none':
@@ -3258,9 +3255,9 @@ class YoutubeDL:
 
         if full_filename is None:
             return
-        if not self._ensure_dir_exists(encodeFilename(full_filename)):
+        if not self._ensure_dir_exists(full_filename):
             return
-        if not self._ensure_dir_exists(encodeFilename(temp_filename)):
+        if not self._ensure_dir_exists(temp_filename):
             return
 
         if self._write_description('video', info_dict,
@@ -3292,16 +3289,16 @@ class YoutubeDL:
         if self.params.get('writeannotations', False):
             annofn = self.prepare_filename(info_dict, 'annotation')
         if annofn:
-            if not self._ensure_dir_exists(encodeFilename(annofn)):
+            if not self._ensure_dir_exists(annofn):
                 return
-            if not self.params.get('overwrites', True) and os.path.exists(encodeFilename(annofn)):
+            if not self.params.get('overwrites', True) and os.path.exists(annofn):
                 self.to_screen('[info] Video annotations are already present')
             elif not info_dict.get('annotations'):
                 self.report_warning('There are no annotations to write.')
             else:
                 try:
                     self.to_screen('[info] Writing video annotations to: ' + annofn)
-                    with open(encodeFilename(annofn), 'w', encoding='utf-8') as annofile:
+                    with open(annofn, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as annofile:
                         annofile.write(info_dict['annotations'])
                 except (KeyError, TypeError):
                     self.report_warning('There are no annotations to write.')
@@ -3317,14 +3314,14 @@ class YoutubeDL:
                     f'Cannot write internet shortcut file because the actual URL of "{info_dict["webpage_url"]}" is unknown')
                 return True
             linkfn = replace_extension(self.prepare_filename(info_dict, 'link'), link_type, info_dict.get('ext'))
-            if not self._ensure_dir_exists(encodeFilename(linkfn)):
+            if not self._ensure_dir_exists(linkfn):
                 return False
-            if self.params.get('overwrites', True) and os.path.exists(encodeFilename(linkfn)):
+            if self.params.get('overwrites', True) and os.path.exists(linkfn):
                 self.to_screen(f'[info] Internet shortcut (.{link_type}) is already present')
                 return True
             try:
                 self.to_screen(f'[info] Writing internet shortcut (.{link_type}) to: {linkfn}')
-                with open(encodeFilename(to_high_limit_path(linkfn)), 'w', encoding='utf-8',
+                with open(to_high_limit_path(linkfn), 'w', encoding='utf-8',
                           newline='\r\n' if link_type == 'url' else '\n') as linkfile:
                     template_vars = {'url': url}
                     if link_type == 'desktop':
@@ -3355,7 +3352,7 @@ class YoutubeDL:
 
         if self.params.get('skip_download'):
             info_dict['filepath'] = temp_filename
-            info_dict['__finaldir'] = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(encodeFilename(full_filename)))
+            info_dict['__finaldir'] = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(full_filename))
             info_dict['__files_to_move'] = files_to_move
             replace_info_dict(self.run_pp(MoveFilesAfterDownloadPP(self, False), info_dict))
             info_dict['__write_download_archive'] = self.params.get('force_write_download_archive')
@@ -3485,7 +3482,7 @@ class YoutubeDL:
                         self.report_file_already_downloaded(dl_filename)
 
                 dl_filename = dl_filename or temp_filename
-                info_dict['__finaldir'] = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(encodeFilename(full_filename)))
+                info_dict['__finaldir'] = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(full_filename))
 
             except network_exceptions as err:
                 self.report_error(f'unable to download video data: {err}')
@@ -3544,8 +3541,8 @@ class YoutubeDL:
                                      and info_dict.get('container') == 'm4a_dash',
                                      'writing DASH m4a. Only some players support this container',
                                      FFmpegFixupM4aPP)
-                        ffmpeg_fixup(downloader == 'hlsnative' and not self.params.get('hls_use_mpegts')
-                                     or info_dict.get('is_live') and self.params.get('hls_use_mpegts') is None,
+                        ffmpeg_fixup((downloader == 'hlsnative' and not self.params.get('hls_use_mpegts'))
+                                     or (info_dict.get('is_live') and self.params.get('hls_use_mpegts') is None),
                                      'Possible MPEG-TS in MP4 container or malformed AAC timestamps',
                                      FFmpegFixupM3u8PP)
                         ffmpeg_fixup(downloader == 'dashsegments'
@@ -4300,7 +4297,7 @@ class YoutubeDL:
         else:
             try:
                 self.to_screen(f'[info] Writing {label} description to: {descfn}')
-                with open(encodeFilename(descfn), 'w', encoding='utf-8') as descfile:
+                with open(descfn, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as descfile:
                     descfile.write(ie_result['description'])
             except OSError:
                 self.report_error(f'Cannot write {label} description file {descfn}')
@@ -4384,7 +4381,9 @@ class YoutubeDL:
             return None
 
         for idx, t in list(enumerate(thumbnails))[::-1]:
-            thumb_ext = (f'{t["id"]}.' if multiple else '') + determine_ext(t['url'], 'jpg')
+            thumb_ext = t.get('ext') or determine_ext(t['url'], 'jpg')
+            if multiple:
+                thumb_ext = f'{t["id"]}.{thumb_ext}'
             thumb_display_id = f'{label} thumbnail {t["id"]}'
             thumb_filename = replace_extension(filename, thumb_ext, info_dict.get('ext'))
             thumb_filename_final = replace_extension(thumb_filename_base, thumb_ext, info_dict.get('ext'))
@@ -4400,7 +4399,7 @@ class YoutubeDL:
                 try:
                     uf = self.urlopen(Request(t['url'], headers=t.get('http_headers', {})))
                     self.to_screen(f'[info] Writing {thumb_display_id} to: {thumb_filename}')
-                    with open(encodeFilename(thumb_filename), 'wb') as thumbf:
+                    with open(thumb_filename, 'wb') as thumbf:
                         shutil.copyfileobj(uf, thumbf)
                     ret.append((thumb_filename, thumb_filename_final))
                     t['filepath'] = thumb_filename
diff --git a/yt_dlp/__init__.py b/yt_dlp/__init__.py
index d976f5bbcb..20111175b1 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/__init__.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/__init__.py
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 import sys
 
-if sys.version_info < (3, 8):
+if sys.version_info < (3, 9):
     raise ImportError(
-        f'You are using an unsupported version of Python. Only Python versions 3.8 and above are supported by yt-dlp')  # noqa: F541
+        f'You are using an unsupported version of Python. Only Python versions 3.9 and above are supported by yt-dlp')  # noqa: F541
 
 __license__ = 'The Unlicense'
 
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ import os
 import re
 import traceback
 
-from .compat import compat_os_name
 from .cookies import SUPPORTED_BROWSERS, SUPPORTED_KEYRINGS, CookieLoadError
 from .downloader.external import get_external_downloader
 from .extractor import list_extractor_classes
@@ -44,7 +43,6 @@ from .utils import (
     GeoUtils,
     PlaylistEntries,
     SameFileError,
-    decodeOption,
     download_range_func,
     expand_path,
     float_or_none,
@@ -159,6 +157,9 @@ def set_compat_opts(opts):
             opts.embed_infojson = False
     if 'format-sort' in opts.compat_opts:
         opts.format_sort.extend(FormatSorter.ytdl_default)
+    elif 'prefer-vp9-sort' in opts.compat_opts:
+        opts.format_sort.extend(FormatSorter._prefer_vp9_sort)
+
     _video_multistreams_set = set_default_compat('multistreams', 'allow_multiple_video_streams', False, remove_compat=False)
     _audio_multistreams_set = set_default_compat('multistreams', 'allow_multiple_audio_streams', False, remove_compat=False)
     if _video_multistreams_set is False and _audio_multistreams_set is False:
@@ -880,8 +881,8 @@ def parse_options(argv=None):
         'listsubtitles': opts.listsubtitles,
         'subtitlesformat': opts.subtitlesformat,
         'subtitleslangs': opts.subtitleslangs,
-        'matchtitle': decodeOption(opts.matchtitle),
-        'rejecttitle': decodeOption(opts.rejecttitle),
+        'matchtitle': opts.matchtitle,
+        'rejecttitle': opts.rejecttitle,
         'max_downloads': opts.max_downloads,
         'prefer_free_formats': opts.prefer_free_formats,
         'trim_file_name': opts.trim_file_name,
@@ -970,7 +971,8 @@ def _real_main(argv=None):
 
     # HACK: Set the plugin dirs early on
     # TODO(coletdjnz): remove when plugin globals system is implemented
-    Config._plugin_dirs = opts.plugin_dirs
+    if opts.plugin_dirs is not None:
+        Config._plugin_dirs = list(map(expand_path, opts.plugin_dirs))
 
     # Dump user agent
     if opts.dump_user_agent:
@@ -1049,7 +1051,7 @@ def _real_main(argv=None):
             ydl.warn_if_short_id(args)
 
             # Show a useful error message and wait for keypress if not launched from shell on Windows
-            if not args and compat_os_name == 'nt' and getattr(sys, 'frozen', False):
+            if not args and os.name == 'nt' and getattr(sys, 'frozen', False):
                 import ctypes.wintypes
                 import msvcrt
 
@@ -1060,7 +1062,7 @@ def _real_main(argv=None):
                 # If we only have a single process attached, then the executable was double clicked
                 # When using `pyinstaller` with `--onefile`, two processes get attached
                 is_onefile = hasattr(sys, '_MEIPASS') and os.path.basename(sys._MEIPASS).startswith('_MEI')
-                if attached_processes == 1 or is_onefile and attached_processes == 2:
+                if attached_processes == 1 or (is_onefile and attached_processes == 2):
                     print(parser._generate_error_message(
                         'Do not double-click the executable, instead call it from a command line.\n'
                         'Please read the README for further information on how to use yt-dlp: '
@@ -1107,9 +1109,9 @@ def main(argv=None):
 from .extractor import gen_extractors, list_extractors
 
 __all__ = [
-    'main',
     'YoutubeDL',
-    'parse_options',
     'gen_extractors',
     'list_extractors',
+    'main',
+    'parse_options',
 ]
diff --git a/yt_dlp/aes.py b/yt_dlp/aes.py
index abf54a998e..9908434a58 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/aes.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/aes.py
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ from math import ceil
 
 from .compat import compat_ord
 from .dependencies import Cryptodome
-from .utils import bytes_to_intlist, intlist_to_bytes
 
 if Cryptodome.AES:
     def aes_cbc_decrypt_bytes(data, key, iv):
@@ -17,15 +16,15 @@ if Cryptodome.AES:
 else:
     def aes_cbc_decrypt_bytes(data, key, iv):
         """ Decrypt bytes with AES-CBC using native implementation since pycryptodome is unavailable """
-        return intlist_to_bytes(aes_cbc_decrypt(*map(bytes_to_intlist, (data, key, iv))))
+        return bytes(aes_cbc_decrypt(*map(list, (data, key, iv))))
 
     def aes_gcm_decrypt_and_verify_bytes(data, key, tag, nonce):
         """ Decrypt bytes with AES-GCM using native implementation since pycryptodome is unavailable """
-        return intlist_to_bytes(aes_gcm_decrypt_and_verify(*map(bytes_to_intlist, (data, key, tag, nonce))))
+        return bytes(aes_gcm_decrypt_and_verify(*map(list, (data, key, tag, nonce))))
 
 
 def aes_cbc_encrypt_bytes(data, key, iv, **kwargs):
-    return intlist_to_bytes(aes_cbc_encrypt(*map(bytes_to_intlist, (data, key, iv)), **kwargs))
+    return bytes(aes_cbc_encrypt(*map(list, (data, key, iv)), **kwargs))
 
 
 BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES = 16
@@ -221,7 +220,7 @@ def aes_gcm_decrypt_and_verify(data, key, tag, nonce):
         j0 = [*nonce, 0, 0, 0, 1]
     else:
         fill = (BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES - (len(nonce) % BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES)) % BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES + 8
-        ghash_in = nonce + [0] * fill + bytes_to_intlist((8 * len(nonce)).to_bytes(8, 'big'))
+        ghash_in = nonce + [0] * fill + list((8 * len(nonce)).to_bytes(8, 'big'))
         j0 = ghash(hash_subkey, ghash_in)
 
     # TODO: add nonce support to aes_ctr_decrypt
@@ -230,13 +229,13 @@ def aes_gcm_decrypt_and_verify(data, key, tag, nonce):
     iv_ctr = inc(j0)
 
     decrypted_data = aes_ctr_decrypt(data, key, iv_ctr + [0] * (BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES - len(iv_ctr)))
-    pad_len = len(data) // 16 * 16
+    pad_len = (BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES - (len(data) % BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES)) % BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES
     s_tag = ghash(
         hash_subkey,
         data
-        + [0] * (BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES - len(data) + pad_len)        # pad
-        + bytes_to_intlist((0 * 8).to_bytes(8, 'big')           # length of associated data
-                           + ((len(data) * 8).to_bytes(8, 'big'))),  # length of data
+        + [0] * pad_len                                  # pad
+        + list((0 * 8).to_bytes(8, 'big')                # length of associated data
+               + ((len(data) * 8).to_bytes(8, 'big'))),  # length of data
     )
 
     if tag != aes_ctr_encrypt(s_tag, key, j0):
@@ -300,8 +299,8 @@ def aes_decrypt_text(data, password, key_size_bytes):
     """
     NONCE_LENGTH_BYTES = 8
 
-    data = bytes_to_intlist(base64.b64decode(data))
-    password = bytes_to_intlist(password.encode())
+    data = list(base64.b64decode(data))
+    password = list(password.encode())
 
     key = password[:key_size_bytes] + [0] * (key_size_bytes - len(password))
     key = aes_encrypt(key[:BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES], key_expansion(key)) * (key_size_bytes // BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES)
@@ -310,7 +309,7 @@ def aes_decrypt_text(data, password, key_size_bytes):
     cipher = data[NONCE_LENGTH_BYTES:]
 
     decrypted_data = aes_ctr_decrypt(cipher, key, nonce + [0] * (BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES - NONCE_LENGTH_BYTES))
-    return intlist_to_bytes(decrypted_data)
+    return bytes(decrypted_data)
 
 
 RCON = (0x8d, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x1b, 0x36)
@@ -535,19 +534,17 @@ def ghash(subkey, data):
 __all__ = [
     'aes_cbc_decrypt',
     'aes_cbc_decrypt_bytes',
-    'aes_ctr_decrypt',
-    'aes_decrypt_text',
-    'aes_decrypt',
-    'aes_ecb_decrypt',
-    'aes_gcm_decrypt_and_verify',
-    'aes_gcm_decrypt_and_verify_bytes',
-
     'aes_cbc_encrypt',
     'aes_cbc_encrypt_bytes',
+    'aes_ctr_decrypt',
     'aes_ctr_encrypt',
+    'aes_decrypt',
+    'aes_decrypt_text',
+    'aes_ecb_decrypt',
     'aes_ecb_encrypt',
     'aes_encrypt',
-
+    'aes_gcm_decrypt_and_verify',
+    'aes_gcm_decrypt_and_verify_bytes',
     'key_expansion',
     'pad_block',
     'pkcs7_padding',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/compat/__init__.py b/yt_dlp/compat/__init__.py
index d820adaf1e..d779620688 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/compat/__init__.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/compat/__init__.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import os
-import sys
 import xml.etree.ElementTree as etree
 
 from .compat_utils import passthrough_module
@@ -24,33 +23,14 @@ def compat_etree_fromstring(text):
     return etree.XML(text, parser=etree.XMLParser(target=_TreeBuilder()))
 
 
-compat_os_name = os._name if os.name == 'java' else os.name
-
-
-def compat_shlex_quote(s):
-    from ..utils import shell_quote
-    return shell_quote(s)
-
-
 def compat_ord(c):
     return c if isinstance(c, int) else ord(c)
 
 
-if compat_os_name == 'nt' and sys.version_info < (3, 8):
-    # os.path.realpath on Windows does not follow symbolic links
-    # prior to Python 3.8 (see https://bugs.python.org/issue9949)
-    def compat_realpath(path):
-        while os.path.islink(path):
-            path = os.path.abspath(os.readlink(path))
-        return os.path.realpath(path)
-else:
-    compat_realpath = os.path.realpath
-
-
 # Python 3.8+ does not honor %HOME% on windows, but this breaks compatibility with youtube-dl
 # See https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/792
 # https://docs.python.org/3/library/os.path.html#os.path.expanduser
-if compat_os_name in ('nt', 'ce'):
+if os.name in ('nt', 'ce'):
     def compat_expanduser(path):
         HOME = os.environ.get('HOME')
         if not HOME:
diff --git a/yt_dlp/compat/_deprecated.py b/yt_dlp/compat/_deprecated.py
index 607bae9999..445acc1a06 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/compat/_deprecated.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/compat/_deprecated.py
@@ -8,16 +8,14 @@ passthrough_module(__name__, '.._legacy', callback=lambda attr: warnings.warn(
     DeprecationWarning(f'{__name__}.{attr} is deprecated'), stacklevel=6))
 del passthrough_module
 
-import base64
-import urllib.error
-import urllib.parse
+import functools  # noqa: F401
+import os
 
-compat_str = str
 
-compat_b64decode = base64.b64decode
+compat_os_name = os.name
+compat_realpath = os.path.realpath
 
-compat_urlparse = urllib.parse
-compat_parse_qs = urllib.parse.parse_qs
-compat_urllib_parse_unquote = urllib.parse.unquote
-compat_urllib_parse_urlencode = urllib.parse.urlencode
-compat_urllib_parse_urlparse = urllib.parse.urlparse
+
+def compat_shlex_quote(s):
+    from ..utils import shell_quote
+    return shell_quote(s)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/compat/_legacy.py b/yt_dlp/compat/_legacy.py
index dfc792eae4..dae2c14592 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/compat/_legacy.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/compat/_legacy.py
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ from asyncio import run as compat_asyncio_run  # noqa: F401
 from re import Pattern as compat_Pattern  # noqa: F401
 from re import match as compat_Match  # noqa: F401
 
-from . import compat_expanduser, compat_HTMLParseError, compat_realpath
+from . import compat_expanduser, compat_HTMLParseError
 from .compat_utils import passthrough_module
 from ..dependencies import brotli as compat_brotli  # noqa: F401
 from ..dependencies import websockets as compat_websockets  # noqa: F401
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ compat_kwargs = lambda kwargs: kwargs
 compat_map = map
 compat_numeric_types = (int, float, complex)
 compat_os_path_expanduser = compat_expanduser
-compat_os_path_realpath = compat_realpath
+compat_os_path_realpath = os.path.realpath
 compat_print = print
 compat_shlex_split = shlex.split
 compat_socket_create_connection = socket.create_connection
@@ -104,5 +104,12 @@ compat_xml_parse_error = compat_xml_etree_ElementTree_ParseError = etree.ParseEr
 compat_xpath = lambda xpath: xpath
 compat_zip = zip
 workaround_optparse_bug9161 = lambda: None
+compat_str = str
+compat_b64decode = base64.b64decode
+compat_urlparse = urllib.parse
+compat_parse_qs = urllib.parse.parse_qs
+compat_urllib_parse_unquote = urllib.parse.unquote
+compat_urllib_parse_urlencode = urllib.parse.urlencode
+compat_urllib_parse_urlparse = urllib.parse.urlparse
 
 legacy = []
diff --git a/yt_dlp/compat/compat_utils.py b/yt_dlp/compat/compat_utils.py
index d62b7d0488..d8b3c45cd3 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/compat/compat_utils.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/compat/compat_utils.py
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ def passthrough_module(parent, child, allowed_attributes=(..., ), *, callback=la
         callback(attr)
         return ret
 
-    @functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+    @functools.cache
     def from_child(attr):
         nonlocal child
         if attr not in allowed_attributes:
diff --git a/yt_dlp/compat/functools.py b/yt_dlp/compat/functools.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 96689575f6..0000000000
--- a/yt_dlp/compat/functools.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-# flake8: noqa: F405
-from functools import *  # noqa: F403
-
-from .compat_utils import passthrough_module
-
-passthrough_module(__name__, 'functools')
-del passthrough_module
-
-try:
-    _ = cache  # >= 3.9
-except NameError:
-    cache = lru_cache(maxsize=None)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/compat/urllib/request.py b/yt_dlp/compat/urllib/request.py
index ad9fa83c87..dfc7f4a2dc 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/compat/urllib/request.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/compat/urllib/request.py
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@ passthrough_module(__name__, 'urllib.request')
 del passthrough_module
 
 
-from .. import compat_os_name
+import os
 
-if compat_os_name == 'nt':
+if os.name == 'nt':
     # On older Python versions, proxies are extracted from Windows registry erroneously. [1]
     # If the https proxy in the registry does not have a scheme, urllib will incorrectly add https:// to it. [2]
     # It is unlikely that the user has actually set it to be https, so we should be fine to safely downgrade
@@ -37,4 +37,4 @@ if compat_os_name == 'nt':
     def getproxies():
         return getproxies_environment() or getproxies_registry_patched()
 
-del compat_os_name
+del os
diff --git a/yt_dlp/cookies.py b/yt_dlp/cookies.py
index 4a69c576be..772433b0f2 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/cookies.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/cookies.py
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ from .aes import (
     aes_gcm_decrypt_and_verify_bytes,
     unpad_pkcs7,
 )
-from .compat import compat_os_name
 from .dependencies import (
     _SECRETSTORAGE_UNAVAILABLE_REASON,
     secretstorage,
@@ -302,12 +301,18 @@ def _extract_chrome_cookies(browser_name, profile, keyring, logger):
         raise FileNotFoundError(f'could not find {browser_name} cookies database in "{search_root}"')
     logger.debug(f'Extracting cookies from: "{cookie_database_path}"')
 
-    decryptor = get_cookie_decryptor(config['browser_dir'], config['keyring_name'], logger, keyring=keyring)
-
     with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory(prefix='yt_dlp') as tmpdir:
         cursor = None
         try:
             cursor = _open_database_copy(cookie_database_path, tmpdir)
+
+            # meta_version is necessary to determine if we need to trim the hash prefix from the cookies
+            # Ref: https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/b02dcebd7cafab92770734dc2bc317bd07f1d891/net/extras/sqlite/sqlite_persistent_cookie_store.cc#223
+            meta_version = int(cursor.execute('SELECT value FROM meta WHERE key = "version"').fetchone()[0])
+            decryptor = get_cookie_decryptor(
+                config['browser_dir'], config['keyring_name'], logger,
+                keyring=keyring, meta_version=meta_version)
+
             cursor.connection.text_factory = bytes
             column_names = _get_column_names(cursor, 'cookies')
             secure_column = 'is_secure' if 'is_secure' in column_names else 'secure'
@@ -337,7 +342,7 @@ def _extract_chrome_cookies(browser_name, profile, keyring, logger):
             logger.debug(f'cookie version breakdown: {counts}')
             return jar
         except PermissionError as error:
-            if compat_os_name == 'nt' and error.errno == 13:
+            if os.name == 'nt' and error.errno == 13:
                 message = 'Could not copy Chrome cookie database. See  https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7271  for more info'
                 logger.error(message)
                 raise DownloadError(message)  # force exit
@@ -405,22 +410,23 @@ class ChromeCookieDecryptor:
         raise NotImplementedError('Must be implemented by sub classes')
 
 
-def get_cookie_decryptor(browser_root, browser_keyring_name, logger, *, keyring=None):
+def get_cookie_decryptor(browser_root, browser_keyring_name, logger, *, keyring=None, meta_version=None):
     if sys.platform == 'darwin':
-        return MacChromeCookieDecryptor(browser_keyring_name, logger)
+        return MacChromeCookieDecryptor(browser_keyring_name, logger, meta_version=meta_version)
     elif sys.platform in ('win32', 'cygwin'):
-        return WindowsChromeCookieDecryptor(browser_root, logger)
-    return LinuxChromeCookieDecryptor(browser_keyring_name, logger, keyring=keyring)
+        return WindowsChromeCookieDecryptor(browser_root, logger, meta_version=meta_version)
+    return LinuxChromeCookieDecryptor(browser_keyring_name, logger, keyring=keyring, meta_version=meta_version)
 
 
 class LinuxChromeCookieDecryptor(ChromeCookieDecryptor):
-    def __init__(self, browser_keyring_name, logger, *, keyring=None):
+    def __init__(self, browser_keyring_name, logger, *, keyring=None, meta_version=None):
         self._logger = logger
         self._v10_key = self.derive_key(b'peanuts')
         self._empty_key = self.derive_key(b'')
         self._cookie_counts = {'v10': 0, 'v11': 0, 'other': 0}
         self._browser_keyring_name = browser_keyring_name
         self._keyring = keyring
+        self._meta_version = meta_version or 0
 
     @functools.cached_property
     def _v11_key(self):
@@ -449,14 +455,18 @@ class LinuxChromeCookieDecryptor(ChromeCookieDecryptor):
 
         if version == b'v10':
             self._cookie_counts['v10'] += 1
-            return _decrypt_aes_cbc_multi(ciphertext, (self._v10_key, self._empty_key), self._logger)
+            return _decrypt_aes_cbc_multi(
+                ciphertext, (self._v10_key, self._empty_key), self._logger,
+                hash_prefix=self._meta_version >= 24)
 
         elif version == b'v11':
             self._cookie_counts['v11'] += 1
             if self._v11_key is None:
                 self._logger.warning('cannot decrypt v11 cookies: no key found', only_once=True)
                 return None
-            return _decrypt_aes_cbc_multi(ciphertext, (self._v11_key, self._empty_key), self._logger)
+            return _decrypt_aes_cbc_multi(
+                ciphertext, (self._v11_key, self._empty_key), self._logger,
+                hash_prefix=self._meta_version >= 24)
 
         else:
             self._logger.warning(f'unknown cookie version: "{version}"', only_once=True)
@@ -465,11 +475,12 @@ class LinuxChromeCookieDecryptor(ChromeCookieDecryptor):
 
 
 class MacChromeCookieDecryptor(ChromeCookieDecryptor):
-    def __init__(self, browser_keyring_name, logger):
+    def __init__(self, browser_keyring_name, logger, meta_version=None):
         self._logger = logger
         password = _get_mac_keyring_password(browser_keyring_name, logger)
         self._v10_key = None if password is None else self.derive_key(password)
         self._cookie_counts = {'v10': 0, 'other': 0}
+        self._meta_version = meta_version or 0
 
     @staticmethod
     def derive_key(password):
@@ -487,7 +498,8 @@ class MacChromeCookieDecryptor(ChromeCookieDecryptor):
                 self._logger.warning('cannot decrypt v10 cookies: no key found', only_once=True)
                 return None
 
-            return _decrypt_aes_cbc_multi(ciphertext, (self._v10_key,), self._logger)
+            return _decrypt_aes_cbc_multi(
+                ciphertext, (self._v10_key,), self._logger, hash_prefix=self._meta_version >= 24)
 
         else:
             self._cookie_counts['other'] += 1
@@ -497,10 +509,11 @@ class MacChromeCookieDecryptor(ChromeCookieDecryptor):
 
 
 class WindowsChromeCookieDecryptor(ChromeCookieDecryptor):
-    def __init__(self, browser_root, logger):
+    def __init__(self, browser_root, logger, meta_version=None):
         self._logger = logger
         self._v10_key = _get_windows_v10_key(browser_root, logger)
         self._cookie_counts = {'v10': 0, 'other': 0}
+        self._meta_version = meta_version or 0
 
     def decrypt(self, encrypted_value):
         version = encrypted_value[:3]
@@ -524,7 +537,9 @@ class WindowsChromeCookieDecryptor(ChromeCookieDecryptor):
             ciphertext = raw_ciphertext[nonce_length:-authentication_tag_length]
             authentication_tag = raw_ciphertext[-authentication_tag_length:]
 
-            return _decrypt_aes_gcm(ciphertext, self._v10_key, nonce, authentication_tag, self._logger)
+            return _decrypt_aes_gcm(
+                ciphertext, self._v10_key, nonce, authentication_tag, self._logger,
+                hash_prefix=self._meta_version >= 24)
 
         else:
             self._cookie_counts['other'] += 1
@@ -1010,10 +1025,12 @@ def pbkdf2_sha1(password, salt, iterations, key_length):
     return hashlib.pbkdf2_hmac('sha1', password, salt, iterations, key_length)
 
 
-def _decrypt_aes_cbc_multi(ciphertext, keys, logger, initialization_vector=b' ' * 16):
+def _decrypt_aes_cbc_multi(ciphertext, keys, logger, initialization_vector=b' ' * 16, hash_prefix=False):
     for key in keys:
         plaintext = unpad_pkcs7(aes_cbc_decrypt_bytes(ciphertext, key, initialization_vector))
         try:
+            if hash_prefix:
+                return plaintext[32:].decode()
             return plaintext.decode()
         except UnicodeDecodeError:
             pass
@@ -1021,7 +1038,7 @@ def _decrypt_aes_cbc_multi(ciphertext, keys, logger, initialization_vector=b' '
     return None
 
 
-def _decrypt_aes_gcm(ciphertext, key, nonce, authentication_tag, logger):
+def _decrypt_aes_gcm(ciphertext, key, nonce, authentication_tag, logger, hash_prefix=False):
     try:
         plaintext = aes_gcm_decrypt_and_verify_bytes(ciphertext, key, authentication_tag, nonce)
     except ValueError:
@@ -1029,6 +1046,8 @@ def _decrypt_aes_gcm(ciphertext, key, nonce, authentication_tag, logger):
         return None
 
     try:
+        if hash_prefix:
+            return plaintext[32:].decode()
         return plaintext.decode()
     except UnicodeDecodeError:
         logger.warning('failed to decrypt cookie (AES-GCM) because UTF-8 decoding failed. Possibly the key is wrong?', only_once=True)
@@ -1257,8 +1276,8 @@ class YoutubeDLCookieJar(http.cookiejar.MozillaCookieJar):
     def _really_save(self, f, ignore_discard, ignore_expires):
         now = time.time()
         for cookie in self:
-            if (not ignore_discard and cookie.discard
-                    or not ignore_expires and cookie.is_expired(now)):
+            if ((not ignore_discard and cookie.discard)
+                    or (not ignore_expires and cookie.is_expired(now))):
                 continue
             name, value = cookie.name, cookie.value
             if value is None:
diff --git a/yt_dlp/dependencies/Cryptodome.py b/yt_dlp/dependencies/Cryptodome.py
index 2cfa4c9522..0e4404d49e 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/dependencies/Cryptodome.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/dependencies/Cryptodome.py
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ try:
         from Crypto.Cipher import AES, PKCS1_OAEP, Blowfish, PKCS1_v1_5  # noqa: F401
         from Crypto.Hash import CMAC, SHA1  # noqa: F401
         from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA  # noqa: F401
-except ImportError:
+except (ImportError, OSError):
     __version__ = f'broken {__version__}'.strip()
 
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/downloader/common.py b/yt_dlp/downloader/common.py
index 2e3ea2fc4e..e8dcb37cc3 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/common.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/common.py
@@ -20,9 +20,7 @@ from ..utils import (
     Namespace,
     RetryManager,
     classproperty,
-    decodeArgument,
     deprecation_warning,
-    encodeFilename,
     format_bytes,
     join_nonempty,
     parse_bytes,
@@ -219,7 +217,7 @@ class FileDownloader:
     def temp_name(self, filename):
         """Returns a temporary filename for the given filename."""
         if self.params.get('nopart', False) or filename == '-' or \
-                (os.path.exists(encodeFilename(filename)) and not os.path.isfile(encodeFilename(filename))):
+                (os.path.exists(filename) and not os.path.isfile(filename)):
             return filename
         return filename + '.part'
 
@@ -273,7 +271,7 @@ class FileDownloader:
         """Try to set the last-modified time of the given file."""
         if last_modified_hdr is None:
             return
-        if not os.path.isfile(encodeFilename(filename)):
+        if not os.path.isfile(filename):
             return
         timestr = last_modified_hdr
         if timestr is None:
@@ -432,13 +430,13 @@ class FileDownloader:
         """
         nooverwrites_and_exists = (
             not self.params.get('overwrites', True)
-            and os.path.exists(encodeFilename(filename))
+            and os.path.exists(filename)
         )
 
         if not hasattr(filename, 'write'):
             continuedl_and_exists = (
                 self.params.get('continuedl', True)
-                and os.path.isfile(encodeFilename(filename))
+                and os.path.isfile(filename)
                 and not self.params.get('nopart', False)
             )
 
@@ -448,7 +446,7 @@ class FileDownloader:
                 self._hook_progress({
                     'filename': filename,
                     'status': 'finished',
-                    'total_bytes': os.path.getsize(encodeFilename(filename)),
+                    'total_bytes': os.path.getsize(filename),
                 }, info_dict)
                 self._finish_multiline_status()
                 return True, False
@@ -489,9 +487,7 @@ class FileDownloader:
         if not self.params.get('verbose', False):
             return
 
-        str_args = [decodeArgument(a) for a in args]
-
         if exe is None:
-            exe = os.path.basename(str_args[0])
+            exe = os.path.basename(args[0])
 
-        self.write_debug(f'{exe} command line: {shell_quote(str_args)}')
+        self.write_debug(f'{exe} command line: {shell_quote(args)}')
diff --git a/yt_dlp/downloader/external.py b/yt_dlp/downloader/external.py
index 6c1ec403c8..7f6b5b45cc 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/external.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/external.py
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ from ..utils import (
     cli_valueless_option,
     determine_ext,
     encodeArgument,
-    encodeFilename,
     find_available_port,
     remove_end,
     traverse_obj,
@@ -67,7 +66,7 @@ class ExternalFD(FragmentFD):
                 'elapsed': time.time() - started,
             }
             if filename != '-':
-                fsize = os.path.getsize(encodeFilename(tmpfilename))
+                fsize = os.path.getsize(tmpfilename)
                 self.try_rename(tmpfilename, filename)
                 status.update({
                     'downloaded_bytes': fsize,
@@ -184,9 +183,9 @@ class ExternalFD(FragmentFD):
             dest.write(decrypt_fragment(fragment, src.read()))
             src.close()
             if not self.params.get('keep_fragments', False):
-                self.try_remove(encodeFilename(fragment_filename))
+                self.try_remove(fragment_filename)
         dest.close()
-        self.try_remove(encodeFilename(f'{tmpfilename}.frag.urls'))
+        self.try_remove(f'{tmpfilename}.frag.urls')
         return 0
 
     def _call_process(self, cmd, info_dict):
@@ -620,7 +619,7 @@ class FFmpegFD(ExternalFD):
         args += self._configuration_args(('_o1', '_o', ''))
 
         args = [encodeArgument(opt) for opt in args]
-        args.append(encodeFilename(ffpp._ffmpeg_filename_argument(tmpfilename), True))
+        args.append(ffpp._ffmpeg_filename_argument(tmpfilename))
         self._debug_cmd(args)
 
         piped = any(fmt['url'] in ('-', 'pipe:') for fmt in selected_formats)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/downloader/fragment.py b/yt_dlp/downloader/fragment.py
index 0d00196e2e..98784e7039 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/fragment.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/fragment.py
@@ -9,10 +9,9 @@ import time
 from .common import FileDownloader
 from .http import HttpFD
 from ..aes import aes_cbc_decrypt_bytes, unpad_pkcs7
-from ..compat import compat_os_name
 from ..networking import Request
 from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError, IncompleteRead
-from ..utils import DownloadError, RetryManager, encodeFilename, traverse_obj
+from ..utils import DownloadError, RetryManager, traverse_obj
 from ..utils.networking import HTTPHeaderDict
 from ..utils.progress import ProgressCalculator
 
@@ -152,7 +151,7 @@ class FragmentFD(FileDownloader):
             if self.__do_ytdl_file(ctx):
                 self._write_ytdl_file(ctx)
             if not self.params.get('keep_fragments', False):
-                self.try_remove(encodeFilename(ctx['fragment_filename_sanitized']))
+                self.try_remove(ctx['fragment_filename_sanitized'])
             del ctx['fragment_filename_sanitized']
 
     def _prepare_frag_download(self, ctx):
@@ -188,7 +187,7 @@ class FragmentFD(FileDownloader):
         })
 
         if self.__do_ytdl_file(ctx):
-            ytdl_file_exists = os.path.isfile(encodeFilename(self.ytdl_filename(ctx['filename'])))
+            ytdl_file_exists = os.path.isfile(self.ytdl_filename(ctx['filename']))
             continuedl = self.params.get('continuedl', True)
             if continuedl and ytdl_file_exists:
                 self._read_ytdl_file(ctx)
@@ -390,7 +389,7 @@ class FragmentFD(FileDownloader):
             def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
                 pass
 
-        if compat_os_name == 'nt':
+        if os.name == 'nt':
             def future_result(future):
                 while True:
                     try:
diff --git a/yt_dlp/downloader/hls.py b/yt_dlp/downloader/hls.py
index 0a00d5dabb..da2574da72 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/hls.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/hls.py
@@ -119,12 +119,12 @@ class HlsFD(FragmentFD):
             self.to_screen(f'[{self.FD_NAME}] Fragment downloads will be delegated to {real_downloader.get_basename()}')
 
         def is_ad_fragment_start(s):
-            return (s.startswith('#ANVATO-SEGMENT-INFO') and 'type=ad' in s
-                    or s.startswith('#UPLYNK-SEGMENT') and s.endswith(',ad'))
+            return ((s.startswith('#ANVATO-SEGMENT-INFO') and 'type=ad' in s)
+                    or (s.startswith('#UPLYNK-SEGMENT') and s.endswith(',ad')))
 
         def is_ad_fragment_end(s):
-            return (s.startswith('#ANVATO-SEGMENT-INFO') and 'type=master' in s
-                    or s.startswith('#UPLYNK-SEGMENT') and s.endswith(',segment'))
+            return ((s.startswith('#ANVATO-SEGMENT-INFO') and 'type=master' in s)
+                    or (s.startswith('#UPLYNK-SEGMENT') and s.endswith(',segment')))
 
         fragments = []
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/downloader/http.py b/yt_dlp/downloader/http.py
index c0165790d1..9c6dd8b799 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/http.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/http.py
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ from ..utils import (
     ThrottledDownload,
     XAttrMetadataError,
     XAttrUnavailableError,
-    encodeFilename,
     int_or_none,
     parse_http_range,
     try_call,
@@ -58,9 +57,8 @@ class HttpFD(FileDownloader):
 
         if self.params.get('continuedl', True):
             # Establish possible resume length
-            if os.path.isfile(encodeFilename(ctx.tmpfilename)):
-                ctx.resume_len = os.path.getsize(
-                    encodeFilename(ctx.tmpfilename))
+            if os.path.isfile(ctx.tmpfilename):
+                ctx.resume_len = os.path.getsize(ctx.tmpfilename)
 
         ctx.is_resume = ctx.resume_len > 0
 
@@ -241,7 +239,7 @@ class HttpFD(FileDownloader):
                     ctx.resume_len = byte_counter
                 else:
                     try:
-                        ctx.resume_len = os.path.getsize(encodeFilename(ctx.tmpfilename))
+                        ctx.resume_len = os.path.getsize(ctx.tmpfilename)
                     except FileNotFoundError:
                         ctx.resume_len = 0
                 raise RetryDownload(e)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/downloader/rtmp.py b/yt_dlp/downloader/rtmp.py
index d7ffb3b34d..1b831e5f30 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/rtmp.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/rtmp.py
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ from ..utils import (
     Popen,
     check_executable,
     encodeArgument,
-    encodeFilename,
     get_exe_version,
 )
 
@@ -179,7 +178,7 @@ class RtmpFD(FileDownloader):
             return False
 
         while retval in (RD_INCOMPLETE, RD_FAILED) and not test and not live:
-            prevsize = os.path.getsize(encodeFilename(tmpfilename))
+            prevsize = os.path.getsize(tmpfilename)
             self.to_screen(f'[rtmpdump] Downloaded {prevsize} bytes')
             time.sleep(5.0)  # This seems to be needed
             args = [*basic_args, '--resume']
@@ -187,7 +186,7 @@ class RtmpFD(FileDownloader):
                 args += ['--skip', '1']
             args = [encodeArgument(a) for a in args]
             retval = run_rtmpdump(args)
-            cursize = os.path.getsize(encodeFilename(tmpfilename))
+            cursize = os.path.getsize(tmpfilename)
             if prevsize == cursize and retval == RD_FAILED:
                 break
             # Some rtmp streams seem abort after ~ 99.8%. Don't complain for those
@@ -196,7 +195,7 @@ class RtmpFD(FileDownloader):
                 retval = RD_SUCCESS
                 break
         if retval == RD_SUCCESS or (test and retval == RD_INCOMPLETE):
-            fsize = os.path.getsize(encodeFilename(tmpfilename))
+            fsize = os.path.getsize(tmpfilename)
             self.to_screen(f'[rtmpdump] Downloaded {fsize} bytes')
             self.try_rename(tmpfilename, filename)
             self._hook_progress({
diff --git a/yt_dlp/downloader/rtsp.py b/yt_dlp/downloader/rtsp.py
index e89269fed9..b4b0be7e6e 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/rtsp.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/rtsp.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import os
 import subprocess
 
 from .common import FileDownloader
-from ..utils import check_executable, encodeFilename
+from ..utils import check_executable
 
 
 class RtspFD(FileDownloader):
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ class RtspFD(FileDownloader):
 
         retval = subprocess.call(args)
         if retval == 0:
-            fsize = os.path.getsize(encodeFilename(tmpfilename))
+            fsize = os.path.getsize(tmpfilename)
             self.to_screen(f'\r[{args[0]}] {fsize} bytes')
             self.try_rename(tmpfilename, filename)
             self._hook_progress({
diff --git a/yt_dlp/downloader/youtube_live_chat.py b/yt_dlp/downloader/youtube_live_chat.py
index 961938d449..ddd912ca2b 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/youtube_live_chat.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/youtube_live_chat.py
@@ -123,8 +123,8 @@ class YoutubeLiveChatFD(FragmentFD):
                         data,
                         lambda x: x['continuationContents']['liveChatContinuation'], dict) or {}
 
-                    func = (info_dict['protocol'] == 'youtube_live_chat' and parse_actions_live
-                            or frag_index == 1 and try_refresh_replay_beginning
+                    func = ((info_dict['protocol'] == 'youtube_live_chat' and parse_actions_live)
+                            or (frag_index == 1 and try_refresh_replay_beginning)
                             or parse_actions_replay)
                     return (True, *func(live_chat_continuation))
                 except HTTPError as err:
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/_extractors.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/_extractors.py
index 8d59360949..967010826e 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/_extractors.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/_extractors.py
@@ -208,6 +208,10 @@ from .bandcamp import (
     BandcampUserIE,
     BandcampWeeklyIE,
 )
+from .bandlab import (
+    BandlabIE,
+    BandlabPlaylistIE,
+)
 from .bannedvideo import BannedVideoIE
 from .bbc import (
     BBCIE,
@@ -278,6 +282,7 @@ from .bleacherreport import (
 from .blerp import BlerpIE
 from .blogger import BloggerIE
 from .bloomberg import BloombergIE
+from .bluesky import BlueskyIE
 from .bokecc import BokeCCIE
 from .bongacams import BongaCamsIE
 from .boosty import BoostyIE
@@ -401,8 +406,6 @@ from .cmt import CMTIE
 from .cnbc import CNBCVideoIE
 from .cnn import (
     CNNIE,
-    CNNArticleIE,
-    CNNBlogsIE,
     CNNIndonesiaIE,
 )
 from .comedycentral import (
@@ -709,6 +712,7 @@ from .gab import (
     GabTVIE,
 )
 from .gaia import GaiaIE
+from .gamedevtv import GameDevTVDashboardIE
 from .gamejolt import (
     GameJoltCommunityIE,
     GameJoltGameIE,
@@ -942,6 +946,10 @@ from .kaltura import KalturaIE
 from .kankanews import KankaNewsIE
 from .karaoketv import KaraoketvIE
 from .kelbyone import KelbyOneIE
+from .kenh14 import (
+    Kenh14PlaylistIE,
+    Kenh14VideoIE,
+)
 from .khanacademy import (
     KhanAcademyIE,
     KhanAcademyUnitIE,
@@ -1131,12 +1139,6 @@ from .microsoftembed import (
     MicrosoftMediusIE,
 )
 from .microsoftstream import MicrosoftStreamIE
-from .mildom import (
-    MildomClipIE,
-    MildomIE,
-    MildomUserVodIE,
-    MildomVodIE,
-)
 from .minds import (
     MindsChannelIE,
     MindsGroupIE,
@@ -1156,6 +1158,7 @@ from .mitele import MiTeleIE
 from .mixch import (
     MixchArchiveIE,
     MixchIE,
+    MixchMovieIE,
 )
 from .mixcloud import (
     MixcloudIE,
@@ -1517,8 +1520,8 @@ from .pgatour import PGATourIE
 from .philharmoniedeparis import PhilharmonieDeParisIE
 from .phoenix import PhoenixIE
 from .photobucket import PhotobucketIE
+from .pialive import PiaLiveIE
 from .piapro import PiaproIE
-from .piaulizaportal import PIAULIZAPortalIE
 from .picarto import (
     PicartoIE,
     PicartoVodIE,
@@ -1554,10 +1557,6 @@ from .podbayfm import (
 )
 from .podchaser import PodchaserIE
 from .podomatic import PodomaticIE
-from .pokemon import (
-    PokemonIE,
-    PokemonWatchIE,
-)
 from .pokergo import (
     PokerGoCollectionIE,
     PokerGoIE,
@@ -1648,6 +1647,7 @@ from .radiokapital import (
     RadioKapitalIE,
     RadioKapitalShowIE,
 )
+from .radioradicale import RadioRadicaleIE
 from .radiozet import RadioZetPodcastIE
 from .radlive import (
     RadLiveChannelIE,
@@ -1939,9 +1939,7 @@ from .spotify import (
 )
 from .spreaker import (
     SpreakerIE,
-    SpreakerPageIE,
     SpreakerShowIE,
-    SpreakerShowPageIE,
 )
 from .springboardplatform import SpringboardPlatformIE
 from .sprout import SproutIE
@@ -2252,6 +2250,10 @@ from .ufctv import (
 )
 from .ukcolumn import UkColumnIE
 from .uktvplay import UKTVPlayIE
+from .uliza import (
+    UlizaPlayerIE,
+    UlizaPortalIE,
+)
 from .umg import UMGDeIE
 from .unistra import UnistraIE
 from .unity import UnityIE
@@ -2280,10 +2282,6 @@ from .utreon import UtreonIE
 from .varzesh3 import Varzesh3IE
 from .vbox7 import Vbox7IE
 from .veo import VeoIE
-from .veoh import (
-    VeohIE,
-    VeohUserIE,
-)
 from .vesti import VestiIE
 from .vevo import (
     VevoIE,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/abematv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/abematv.py
index 66ab083fe0..b1343eed39 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/abematv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/abematv.py
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import hmac
 import io
 import json
 import re
-import struct
 import time
 import urllib.parse
 import uuid
@@ -18,10 +17,8 @@ from ..networking.exceptions import TransportError
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     OnDemandPagedList,
-    bytes_to_intlist,
     decode_base_n,
     int_or_none,
-    intlist_to_bytes,
     time_seconds,
     traverse_obj,
     update_url_query,
@@ -72,15 +69,15 @@ class AbemaLicenseRH(RequestHandler):
             })
 
         res = decode_base_n(license_response['k'], table=self._STRTABLE)
-        encvideokey = bytes_to_intlist(struct.pack('>QQ', res >> 64, res & 0xffffffffffffffff))
+        encvideokey = list(res.to_bytes(16, 'big'))
 
         h = hmac.new(
             binascii.unhexlify(self._HKEY),
             (license_response['cid'] + self.ie._DEVICE_ID).encode(),
             digestmod=hashlib.sha256)
-        enckey = bytes_to_intlist(h.digest())
+        enckey = list(h.digest())
 
-        return intlist_to_bytes(aes_ecb_decrypt(encvideokey, enckey))
+        return bytes(aes_ecb_decrypt(encvideokey, enckey))
 
 
 class AbemaTVBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/adn.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/adn.py
index c8a2613754..919e1d6af5 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/adn.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/adn.py
@@ -11,11 +11,9 @@ from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     ass_subtitles_timecode,
-    bytes_to_intlist,
     bytes_to_long,
     float_or_none,
     int_or_none,
-    intlist_to_bytes,
     join_nonempty,
     long_to_bytes,
     parse_iso8601,
@@ -198,16 +196,16 @@ Format: Marked,Start,End,Style,Name,MarginL,MarginR,MarginV,Effect,Text'''
 
         links_url = try_get(options, lambda x: x['video']['url']) or (video_base_url + 'link')
         self._K = ''.join(random.choices('0123456789abcdef', k=16))
-        message = bytes_to_intlist(json.dumps({
+        message = list(json.dumps({
             'k': self._K,
             't': token,
-        }))
+        }).encode())
 
         # Sometimes authentication fails for no good reason, retry with
         # a different random padding
         links_data = None
         for _ in range(3):
-            padded_message = intlist_to_bytes(pkcs1pad(message, 128))
+            padded_message = bytes(pkcs1pad(message, 128))
             n, e = self._RSA_KEY
             encrypted_message = long_to_bytes(pow(bytes_to_long(padded_message), e, n))
             authorization = base64.b64encode(encrypted_message).decode()
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/adobepass.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/adobepass.py
index 7cc15ec7b6..f1b8779271 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/adobepass.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/adobepass.py
@@ -1362,7 +1362,7 @@ class AdobePassIE(InfoExtractor):  # XXX: Conventionally, base classes should en
 
     def _download_webpage_handle(self, *args, **kwargs):
         headers = self.geo_verification_headers()
-        headers.update(kwargs.get('headers', {}))
+        headers.update(kwargs.get('headers') or {})
         kwargs['headers'] = headers
         return super()._download_webpage_handle(
             *args, **kwargs)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/afreecatv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/afreecatv.py
index 83e510d1a2..572d1a3893 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/afreecatv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/afreecatv.py
@@ -66,6 +66,14 @@ class AfreecaTVBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
             extensions={'legacy_ssl': True}), display_id,
             'Downloading API JSON', 'Unable to download API JSON')
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def _fixup_thumb(thumb_url):
+        if not url_or_none(thumb_url):
+            return None
+        # Core would determine_ext as 'php' from the url, so we need to provide the real ext
+        # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11537
+        return [{'url': thumb_url, 'ext': 'jpg'}]
+
 
 class AfreecaTVIE(AfreecaTVBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'soop'
@@ -154,8 +162,8 @@ class AfreecaTVIE(AfreecaTVBaseIE):
             'title': ('title', {str}),
             'uploader': ('writer_nick', {str}),
             'uploader_id': ('bj_id', {str}),
-            'duration': ('total_file_duration', {functools.partial(int_or_none, scale=1000)}),
-            'thumbnail': ('thumb', {url_or_none}),
+            'duration': ('total_file_duration', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
+            'thumbnails': ('thumb', {self._fixup_thumb}),
         })
 
         entries = []
@@ -178,7 +186,7 @@ class AfreecaTVIE(AfreecaTVBaseIE):
                 'title': f'{common_info.get("title") or "Untitled"} (part {file_num})',
                 'formats': formats,
                 **traverse_obj(file_element, {
-                    'duration': ('duration', {functools.partial(int_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                    'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                     'timestamp': ('file_start', {unified_timestamp}),
                 }),
             })
@@ -226,19 +234,18 @@ class AfreecaTVCatchStoryIE(AfreecaTVBaseIE):
 
         return self.playlist_result(self._entries(data), video_id)
 
-    @staticmethod
-    def _entries(data):
+    def _entries(self, data):
         # 'files' is always a list with 1 element
         yield from traverse_obj(data, (
             'data', lambda _, v: v['story_type'] == 'catch',
             'catch_list', lambda _, v: v['files'][0]['file'], {
                 'id': ('files', 0, 'file_info_key', {str}),
                 'url': ('files', 0, 'file', {url_or_none}),
-                'duration': ('files', 0, 'duration', {functools.partial(int_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                'duration': ('files', 0, 'duration', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'title': ('title', {str}),
                 'uploader': ('writer_nick', {str}),
                 'uploader_id': ('writer_id', {str}),
-                'thumbnail': ('thumb', {url_or_none}),
+                'thumbnails': ('thumb', {self._fixup_thumb}),
                 'timestamp': ('write_timestamp', {int_or_none}),
             }))
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/allstar.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/allstar.py
index 5ea1c30e3d..697d83c1e5 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/allstar.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/allstar.py
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ class AllstarBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
             'thumbnails': (('clipImageThumb', 'clipImageSource'), {'url': {media_url_or_none}}),
             'duration': ('clipLength', {int_or_none}),
             'filesize': ('clipSizeBytes', {int_or_none}),
-            'timestamp': ('createdDate', {functools.partial(int_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+            'timestamp': ('createdDate', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
             'uploader': ('username', {str}),
             'uploader_id': ('user', '_id', {str}),
             'view_count': ('views', {int_or_none}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/anvato.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/anvato.py
index bf3d60b5ee..bd3b19b133 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/anvato.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/anvato.py
@@ -8,10 +8,8 @@ import time
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..aes import aes_encrypt
 from ..utils import (
-    bytes_to_intlist,
     determine_ext,
     int_or_none,
-    intlist_to_bytes,
     join_nonempty,
     smuggle_url,
     strip_jsonp,
@@ -33,24 +31,6 @@ class AnvatoIE(InfoExtractor):
     _AUTH_KEY = b'\x31\xc2\x42\x84\x9e\x73\xa0\xce'  # from anvplayer.min.js
 
     _TESTS = [{
-        # from https://www.nfl.com/videos/baker-mayfield-s-game-changing-plays-from-3-td-game-week-14
-        'url': 'anvato:GXvEgwyJeWem8KCYXfeoHWknwP48Mboj:899441',
-        'md5': '921919dab3cd0b849ff3d624831ae3e2',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '899441',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Baker Mayfield\'s game-changing plays from 3-TD game Week 14',
-            'description': 'md5:85e05a3cc163f8c344340f220521136d',
-            'upload_date': '20201215',
-            'timestamp': 1608009755,
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg',
-            'uploader': 'NFL',
-            'tags': ['Baltimore Ravens at Cleveland Browns (2020-REG-14)', 'Baker Mayfield', 'Game Highlights',
-                     'Player Highlights', 'Cleveland Browns', 'league'],
-            'duration': 157,
-            'categories': ['Entertainment', 'Game', 'Highlights'],
-        },
-    }, {
         # from https://ktla.com/news/99-year-old-woman-learns-to-fly-in-torrance-checks-off-bucket-list-dream/
         'url': 'anvato:X8POa4zpGZMmeiq0wqiO8IP5rMqQM9VN:8032455',
         'md5': '837718bcfb3a7778d022f857f7a9b19e',
@@ -241,31 +221,6 @@ class AnvatoIE(InfoExtractor):
         'telemundo': 'anvato_mcp_telemundo_web_prod_c5278d51ad46fda4b6ca3d0ea44a7846a054f582',
     }
 
-    def _generate_nfl_token(self, anvack, mcp_id):
-        reroute = self._download_json(
-            'https://api.nfl.com/v1/reroute', mcp_id, data=b'grant_type=client_credentials',
-            headers={'X-Domain-Id': 100}, note='Fetching token info')
-        token_type = reroute.get('token_type') or 'Bearer'
-        auth_token = f'{token_type} {reroute["access_token"]}'
-        response = self._download_json(
-            'https://api.nfl.com/v3/shield/', mcp_id, data=json.dumps({
-                'query': '''{
-  viewer {
-    mediaToken(anvack: "%s", id: %s) {
-      token
-    }
-  }
-}''' % (anvack, mcp_id),  # noqa: UP031
-            }).encode(), headers={
-                'Authorization': auth_token,
-                'Content-Type': 'application/json',
-            }, note='Fetching NFL API token')
-        return traverse_obj(response, ('data', 'viewer', 'mediaToken', 'token'))
-
-    _TOKEN_GENERATORS = {
-        'GXvEgwyJeWem8KCYXfeoHWknwP48Mboj': _generate_nfl_token,
-    }
-
     def _server_time(self, access_key, video_id):
         return int_or_none(traverse_obj(self._download_json(
             f'{self._API_BASE_URL}/server_time', video_id, query={'anvack': access_key},
@@ -277,8 +232,8 @@ class AnvatoIE(InfoExtractor):
         server_time = self._server_time(access_key, video_id)
         input_data = f'{server_time}~{md5_text(video_data_url)}~{md5_text(server_time)}'
 
-        auth_secret = intlist_to_bytes(aes_encrypt(
-            bytes_to_intlist(input_data[:64]), bytes_to_intlist(self._AUTH_KEY)))
+        auth_secret = bytes(aes_encrypt(
+            list(input_data[:64].encode()), list(self._AUTH_KEY)))
         query = {
             'X-Anvato-Adst-Auth': base64.b64encode(auth_secret).decode('ascii'),
             'rtyp': 'fp',
@@ -290,8 +245,6 @@ class AnvatoIE(InfoExtractor):
         }
         if extracted_token is not None:
             api['anvstk2'] = extracted_token
-        elif self._TOKEN_GENERATORS.get(access_key) is not None:
-            api['anvstk2'] = self._TOKEN_GENERATORS[access_key](self, access_key, video_id)
         elif self._ANVACK_TABLE.get(access_key) is not None:
             api['anvstk'] = md5_text(f'{access_key}|{anvrid}|{server_time}|{self._ANVACK_TABLE[access_key]}')
         else:
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/archiveorg.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/archiveorg.py
index f5a55efc4f..2849d9fd5b 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/archiveorg.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/archiveorg.py
@@ -205,6 +205,26 @@ class ArchiveOrgIE(InfoExtractor):
                 },
             },
         ],
+    }, {
+        # The reviewbody is None for one of the reviews; just need to extract data without crashing
+        'url': 'https://archive.org/details/gd95-04-02.sbd.11622.sbeok.shnf/gd95-04-02d1t04.shn',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'gd95-04-02.sbd.11622.sbeok.shnf/gd95-04-02d1t04.shn',
+            'ext': 'mp3',
+            'title': 'Stuck Inside of Mobile with the Memphis Blues Again',
+            'creators': ['Grateful Dead'],
+            'duration': 338.31,
+            'track': 'Stuck Inside of Mobile with the Memphis Blues Again',
+            'description': 'md5:764348a470b986f1217ffd38d6ac7b72',
+            'display_id': 'gd95-04-02d1t04.shn',
+            'location': 'Pyramid Arena',
+            'uploader': 'jon@archive.org',
+            'album': '1995-04-02 - Pyramid Arena',
+            'upload_date': '20040519',
+            'track_number': 4,
+            'release_date': '19950402',
+            'timestamp': 1084927901,
+        },
     }]
 
     @staticmethod
@@ -335,7 +355,7 @@ class ArchiveOrgIE(InfoExtractor):
                 info['comments'].append({
                     'id': review.get('review_id'),
                     'author': review.get('reviewer'),
-                    'text': str_or_none(review.get('reviewtitle'), '') + '\n\n' + review.get('reviewbody'),
+                    'text': join_nonempty('reviewtitle', 'reviewbody', from_dict=review, delim='\n\n'),
                     'timestamp': unified_timestamp(review.get('createdate')),
                     'parent': 'root'})
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/ard.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/ard.py
index efc79dd141..89d3299213 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/ard.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/ard.py
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ class ARDBetaMediathekIE(InfoExtractor):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '94834686',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'duration': 2700,
+            'duration': 2670,
             'episode': '7 Tage ... unter harten Jungs',
             'description': 'md5:0f215470dcd2b02f59f4bd10c963f072',
             'upload_date': '20231005',
@@ -307,10 +307,28 @@ class ARDBetaMediathekIE(InfoExtractor):
             'display_id': 'N2I2YmM5MzgtNWFlOS00ZGFlLTg2NzMtYzNjM2JlNjk4MDg3',
             'series': '7 Tage ...',
             'channel': 'HR',
-            'thumbnail': 'https://api.ardmediathek.de/image-service/images/urn:ard:image:f6e6d5ffac41925c?w=960&ch=fa32ba69bc87989a',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://api.ardmediathek.de/image-service/images/urn:ard:image:430c86d233afa42d?w=960&ch=fa32ba69bc87989a',
             'title': '7 Tage ... unter harten Jungs',
             '_old_archive_ids': ['ardbetamediathek N2I2YmM5MzgtNWFlOS00ZGFlLTg2NzMtYzNjM2JlNjk4MDg3'],
         },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.ardmediathek.de/video/lokalzeit-aus-duesseldorf/lokalzeit-aus-duesseldorf-oder-31-10-2024/wdr-duesseldorf/Y3JpZDovL3dkci5kZS9CZWl0cmFnLXNvcGhvcmEtOWFkMTc0ZWMtMDA5ZS00ZDEwLWFjYjctMGNmNTdhNzVmNzUz',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '13847165',
+            'chapters': 'count:8',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'channel': 'WDR',
+            'display_id': 'Y3JpZDovL3dkci5kZS9CZWl0cmFnLXNvcGhvcmEtOWFkMTc0ZWMtMDA5ZS00ZDEwLWFjYjctMGNmNTdhNzVmNzUz',
+            'episode': 'Lokalzeit aus Düsseldorf | 31.10.2024',
+            'series': 'Lokalzeit aus Düsseldorf',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://api.ardmediathek.de/image-service/images/urn:ard:image:f02ec9bd9b7bd5f6?w=960&ch=612491dcd5e09b0c',
+            'title': 'Lokalzeit aus Düsseldorf | 31.10.2024',
+            'upload_date': '20241031',
+            'timestamp': 1730399400,
+            'description': 'md5:12db30b3b706314efe3778b8df1a7058',
+            'duration': 1759,
+            '_old_archive_ids': ['ardbetamediathek Y3JpZDovL3dkci5kZS9CZWl0cmFnLXNvcGhvcmEtOWFkMTc0ZWMtMDA5ZS00ZDEwLWFjYjctMGNmNTdhNzVmNzUz'],
+        },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://beta.ardmediathek.de/ard/video/Y3JpZDovL2Rhc2Vyc3RlLmRlL3RhdG9ydC9mYmM4NGM1NC0xNzU4LTRmZGYtYWFhZS0wYzcyZTIxNGEyMDE',
         'only_matching': True,
@@ -455,6 +473,12 @@ class ARDBetaMediathekIE(InfoExtractor):
             'subtitles': subtitles,
             'is_live': is_live,
             'age_limit': age_limit,
+            **traverse_obj(media_data, {
+                'chapters': ('pluginData', 'jumpmarks@all', 'chapterArray', lambda _, v: int_or_none(v['chapterTime']), {
+                    'start_time': ('chapterTime', {int_or_none}),
+                    'title': ('chapterTitle', {str}),
+                }),
+            }),
             **traverse_obj(media_data, ('meta', {
                 'title': 'title',
                 'description': 'synopsis',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/bandcamp.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/bandcamp.py
index 0abe059829..939c2800e6 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/bandcamp.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/bandcamp.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import functools
 import json
 import random
 import re
@@ -10,7 +9,6 @@ from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     extract_attributes,
     float_or_none,
-    get_element_html_by_id,
     int_or_none,
     parse_filesize,
     str_or_none,
@@ -21,7 +19,7 @@ from ..utils import (
     url_or_none,
     urljoin,
 )
-from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+from ..utils.traversal import find_element, traverse_obj
 
 
 class BandcampIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -45,6 +43,8 @@ class BandcampIE(InfoExtractor):
             'uploader_url': 'https://youtube-dl.bandcamp.com',
             'uploader_id': 'youtube-dl',
             'thumbnail': 'https://f4.bcbits.com/img/a3216802731_5.jpg',
+            'artists': ['youtube-dl "\'/\\ä↭'],
+            'album_artists': ['youtube-dl "\'/\\ä↭'],
         },
         'skip': 'There is a limit of 200 free downloads / month for the test song',
     }, {
@@ -271,6 +271,18 @@ class BandcampAlbumIE(BandcampIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
                     'timestamp': 1311756226,
                     'upload_date': '20110727',
                     'uploader': 'Blazo',
+                    'thumbnail': 'https://f4.bcbits.com/img/a1721150828_5.jpg',
+                    'album_artists': ['Blazo'],
+                    'uploader_url': 'https://blazo.bandcamp.com',
+                    'release_date': '20110727',
+                    'release_timestamp': 1311724800.0,
+                    'track': 'Intro',
+                    'uploader_id': 'blazo',
+                    'track_number': 1,
+                    'album': 'Jazz Format Mixtape vol.1',
+                    'artists': ['Blazo'],
+                    'duration': 19.335,
+                    'track_id': '1353101989',
                 },
             },
             {
@@ -282,6 +294,18 @@ class BandcampAlbumIE(BandcampIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
                     'timestamp': 1311757238,
                     'upload_date': '20110727',
                     'uploader': 'Blazo',
+                    'track': 'Kero One - Keep It Alive (Blazo remix)',
+                    'release_date': '20110727',
+                    'track_id': '38097443',
+                    'track_number': 2,
+                    'duration': 181.467,
+                    'uploader_url': 'https://blazo.bandcamp.com',
+                    'album': 'Jazz Format Mixtape vol.1',
+                    'uploader_id': 'blazo',
+                    'album_artists': ['Blazo'],
+                    'artists': ['Blazo'],
+                    'thumbnail': 'https://f4.bcbits.com/img/a1721150828_5.jpg',
+                    'release_timestamp': 1311724800.0,
                 },
             },
         ],
@@ -289,6 +313,7 @@ class BandcampAlbumIE(BandcampIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
             'title': 'Jazz Format Mixtape vol.1',
             'id': 'jazz-format-mixtape-vol-1',
             'uploader_id': 'blazo',
+            'description': 'md5:38052a93217f3ffdc033cd5dbbce2989',
         },
         'params': {
             'playlistend': 2,
@@ -363,10 +388,10 @@ class BandcampWeeklyIE(BandcampIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?bandcamp\.com/?\?(?:.*?&)?show=(?P<id>\d+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://bandcamp.com/?show=224',
-        'md5': 'b00df799c733cf7e0c567ed187dea0fd',
+        'md5': '61acc9a002bed93986b91168aa3ab433',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '224',
-            'ext': 'opus',
+            'ext': 'mp3',
             'title': 'BC Weekly April 4th 2017 - Magic Moments',
             'description': 'md5:5d48150916e8e02d030623a48512c874',
             'duration': 5829.77,
@@ -376,7 +401,7 @@ class BandcampWeeklyIE(BandcampIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
             'episode_id': '224',
         },
         'params': {
-            'format': 'opus-lo',
+            'format': 'mp3-128',
         },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://bandcamp.com/?blah/blah@&show=228',
@@ -484,7 +509,7 @@ class BandcampUserIE(InfoExtractor):
             or re.findall(r'<div[^>]+trackTitle["\'][^"\']+["\']([^"\']+)', webpage))
 
         yield from traverse_obj(webpage, (
-            {functools.partial(get_element_html_by_id, 'music-grid')}, {extract_attributes},
+            {find_element(id='music-grid', html=True)}, {extract_attributes},
             'data-client-items', {json.loads}, ..., 'page_url', {str}))
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
@@ -493,4 +518,4 @@ class BandcampUserIE(InfoExtractor):
 
         return self.playlist_from_matches(
             self._yield_items(webpage), uploader, f'Discography of {uploader}',
-            getter=functools.partial(urljoin, url))
+            getter=urljoin(url))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/bandlab.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/bandlab.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..64aa2ba70d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/bandlab.py
@@ -0,0 +1,437 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
+    float_or_none,
+    format_field,
+    int_or_none,
+    parse_iso8601,
+    parse_qs,
+    truncate_string,
+    url_or_none,
+)
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj, value
+
+
+class BandlabBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
+    def _call_api(self, endpoint, asset_id, **kwargs):
+        headers = kwargs.pop('headers', None) or {}
+        return self._download_json(
+            f'https://www.bandlab.com/api/v1.3/{endpoint}/{asset_id}',
+            asset_id, headers={
+                'accept': 'application/json',
+                'referer': 'https://www.bandlab.com/',
+                'x-client-id': 'BandLab-Web',
+                'x-client-version': '10.1.124',
+                **headers,
+            }, **kwargs)
+
+    def _parse_revision(self, revision_data, url=None):
+        return {
+            'vcodec': 'none',
+            'media_type': 'revision',
+            'extractor_key': BandlabIE.ie_key(),
+            'extractor': BandlabIE.IE_NAME,
+            **traverse_obj(revision_data, {
+                'webpage_url': (
+                    'id', ({value(url)}, {format_field(template='https://www.bandlab.com/revision/%s')}), filter, any),
+                'id': (('revisionId', 'id'), {str}, any),
+                'title': ('song', 'name', {str}),
+                'track': ('song', 'name', {str}),
+                'url': ('mixdown', 'file', {url_or_none}),
+                'thumbnail': ('song', 'picture', 'url', {url_or_none}),
+                'description': ('description', {str}),
+                'uploader': ('creator', 'name', {str}),
+                'uploader_id': ('creator', 'username', {str}),
+                'timestamp': ('createdOn', {parse_iso8601}),
+                'duration': ('mixdown', 'duration', {float_or_none}),
+                'view_count': ('counters', 'plays', {int_or_none}),
+                'like_count': ('counters', 'likes', {int_or_none}),
+                'comment_count': ('counters', 'comments', {int_or_none}),
+                'genres': ('genres', ..., 'name', {str}),
+            }),
+        }
+
+    def _parse_track(self, track_data, url=None):
+        return {
+            'vcodec': 'none',
+            'media_type': 'track',
+            'extractor_key': BandlabIE.ie_key(),
+            'extractor': BandlabIE.IE_NAME,
+            **traverse_obj(track_data, {
+                'webpage_url': (
+                    'id', ({value(url)}, {format_field(template='https://www.bandlab.com/post/%s')}), filter, any),
+                'id': (('revisionId', 'id'), {str}, any),
+                'url': ('track', 'sample', 'audioUrl', {url_or_none}),
+                'title': ('track', 'name', {str}),
+                'track': ('track', 'name', {str}),
+                'description': ('caption', {str}),
+                'thumbnail': ('track', 'picture', ('original', 'url'), {url_or_none}, any),
+                'view_count': ('counters', 'plays', {int_or_none}),
+                'like_count': ('counters', 'likes', {int_or_none}),
+                'comment_count': ('counters', 'comments', {int_or_none}),
+                'duration': ('track', 'sample', 'duration', {float_or_none}),
+                'uploader': ('creator', 'name', {str}),
+                'uploader_id': ('creator', 'username', {str}),
+                'timestamp': ('createdOn', {parse_iso8601}),
+            }),
+        }
+
+    def _parse_video(self, video_data, url=None):
+        return {
+            'media_type': 'video',
+            'extractor_key': BandlabIE.ie_key(),
+            'extractor': BandlabIE.IE_NAME,
+            **traverse_obj(video_data, {
+                'id': ('id', {str}),
+                'webpage_url': (
+                    'id', ({value(url)}, {format_field(template='https://www.bandlab.com/post/%s')}), filter, any),
+                'url': ('video', 'url', {url_or_none}),
+                'title': ('caption', {lambda x: x.replace('\n', ' ')}, {truncate_string(left=50)}),
+                'description': ('caption', {str}),
+                'thumbnail': ('video', 'picture', 'url', {url_or_none}),
+                'view_count': ('video', 'counters', 'plays', {int_or_none}),
+                'like_count': ('video', 'counters', 'likes', {int_or_none}),
+                'comment_count': ('counters', 'comments', {int_or_none}),
+                'duration': ('video', 'duration', {float_or_none}),
+                'uploader': ('creator', 'name', {str}),
+                'uploader_id': ('creator', 'username', {str}),
+            }),
+        }
+
+
+class BandlabIE(BandlabBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = [
+        r'https?://(?:www\.)?bandlab.com/(?P<url_type>track|post|revision)/(?P<id>[\da-f_-]+)',
+        r'https?://(?:www\.)?bandlab.com/(?P<url_type>embed)/\?(?:[^#]*&)?id=(?P<id>[\da-f-]+)',
+    ]
+    _EMBED_REGEX = [rf'<iframe[^>]+src=[\'"](?P<url>{_VALID_URL[1]})[\'"]']
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.bandlab.com/track/04b37e88dba24967b9dac8eb8567ff39_07d7f906fc96ee11b75e000d3a428fff',
+        'md5': '46f7b43367dd268bbcf0bbe466753b2c',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '02d7f906-fc96-ee11-b75e-000d3a428fff',
+            'ext': 'm4a',
+            'uploader_id': 'ender_milze',
+            'track': 'sweet black',
+            'description': 'composed by juanjn3737',
+            'timestamp': 1702171963,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'duration': 54.629999999999995,
+            'title': 'sweet black',
+            'upload_date': '20231210',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://bandlabimages.azureedge.net/v1.0/songs/fa082beb-b856-4730-9170-a57e4e32cc2c/',
+            'genres': ['Lofi'],
+            'uploader': 'ender milze',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'media_type': 'revision',
+        },
+    }, {
+        # Same track as above but post URL
+        'url': 'https://www.bandlab.com/post/07d7f906-fc96-ee11-b75e-000d3a428fff',
+        'md5': '46f7b43367dd268bbcf0bbe466753b2c',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '02d7f906-fc96-ee11-b75e-000d3a428fff',
+            'ext': 'm4a',
+            'uploader_id': 'ender_milze',
+            'track': 'sweet black',
+            'description': 'composed by juanjn3737',
+            'timestamp': 1702171973,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'duration': 54.629999999999995,
+            'title': 'sweet black',
+            'upload_date': '20231210',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://bandlabimages.azureedge.net/v1.0/songs/fa082beb-b856-4730-9170-a57e4e32cc2c/',
+            'genres': ['Lofi'],
+            'uploader': 'ender milze',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'media_type': 'revision',
+        },
+    }, {
+        # SharedKey Example
+        'url': 'https://www.bandlab.com/track/048916c2-c6da-ee11-85f9-6045bd2e11f9?sharedKey=0NNWX8qYAEmI38lWAzCNDA',
+        'md5': '15174b57c44440e2a2008be9cae00250',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '038916c2-c6da-ee11-85f9-6045bd2e11f9',
+            'ext': 'm4a',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'genres': ['Other'],
+            'uploader_id': 'user8353034818103753',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://bandlabimages.azureedge.net/v1.0/songs/51b18363-da23-4b9b-a29c-2933a3e561ca/',
+            'timestamp': 1709625771,
+            'track': 'PodcastMaerchen4b',
+            'duration': 468.14,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'description': 'Podcast: Neues aus der Märchenwelt',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'upload_date': '20240305',
+            'uploader': 'Erna Wageneder',
+            'title': 'PodcastMaerchen4b',
+            'media_type': 'revision',
+        },
+    }, {
+        # Different Revision selected
+        'url': 'https://www.bandlab.com/track/130343fc-148b-ea11-96d2-0003ffd1fc09?revId=110343fc-148b-ea11-96d2-0003ffd1fc09',
+        'md5': '74e055ef9325d63f37088772fbfe4454',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '110343fc-148b-ea11-96d2-0003ffd1fc09',
+            'ext': 'm4a',
+            'timestamp': 1588273294,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://bandlabimages.azureedge.net/v1.0/users/b612e533-e4f7-4542-9f50-3fcfd8dd822c/',
+            'description': 'Final Revision.',
+            'title': 'Replay ( Instrumental)',
+            'uploader': 'David R Sparks',
+            'uploader_id': 'davesnothome69',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'track': 'Replay ( Instrumental)',
+            'genres': ['Rock'],
+            'upload_date': '20200430',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'duration': 279.43,
+            'media_type': 'revision',
+        },
+    }, {
+        # Video
+        'url': 'https://www.bandlab.com/post/5cdf9036-3857-ef11-991a-6045bd36e0d9',
+        'md5': '8caa2ef28e86c1dacf167293cfdbeba9',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '5cdf9036-3857-ef11-991a-6045bd36e0d9',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'duration': 44.705,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://bandlabimages.azureedge.net/v1.0/videos/67c6cef1-cef6-40d3-831e-a55bc1dcb972/',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'title': 'backing vocals',
+            'uploader_id': 'marliashya',
+            'uploader': 'auraa',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'description': 'backing vocals',
+            'media_type': 'video',
+        },
+    }, {
+        # Embed Example
+        'url': 'https://www.bandlab.com/embed/?blur=false&id=014de0a4-7d82-ea11-a94c-0003ffd19c0f',
+        'md5': 'a4ad05cb68c54faaed9b0a8453a8cf4a',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '014de0a4-7d82-ea11-a94c-0003ffd19c0f',
+            'ext': 'm4a',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'genres': ['Electronic'],
+            'uploader': 'Charlie Henson',
+            'timestamp': 1587328674,
+            'upload_date': '20200419',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'track': 'Positronic Meltdown',
+            'duration': 318.55,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://bandlabimages.azureedge.net/v1.0/songs/87165bc3-5439-496e-b1f7-a9f13b541ff2/',
+            'description': 'Checkout my tracks at AOMX http://aomxsounds.com/',
+            'uploader_id': 'microfreaks',
+            'title': 'Positronic Meltdown',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'media_type': 'revision',
+        },
+    }, {
+        # Track without revisions available
+        'url': 'https://www.bandlab.com/track/55767ac51789ea11a94c0003ffd1fc09_2f007b0a37b94ec7a69bc25ae15108a5',
+        'md5': 'f05d68a3769952c2d9257c473e14c15f',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '55767ac51789ea11a94c0003ffd1fc09_2f007b0a37b94ec7a69bc25ae15108a5',
+            'ext': 'm4a',
+            'track': 'insame',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'duration': 84.03,
+            'title': 'insame',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'uploader': 'Sorakime',
+            'uploader_id': 'sorakime',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://bandlabimages.azureedge.net/v1.0/users/572a351a-0f3a-4c6a-ac39-1a5defdeeb1c/',
+            'timestamp': 1691162128,
+            'upload_date': '20230804',
+            'media_type': 'track',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.bandlab.com/revision/014de0a4-7d82-ea11-a94c-0003ffd19c0f',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+    _WEBPAGE_TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://phantomluigi.github.io/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'e14223c3-7871-ef11-bdfd-000d3a980db3',
+            'ext': 'm4a',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'upload_date': '20240913',
+            'uploader_id': 'phantommusicofficial',
+            'timestamp': 1726194897,
+            'uploader': 'Phantom',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'genres': ['Progresive Rock'],
+            'description': 'md5:a38cd668f7a2843295ef284114f18429',
+            'duration': 225.23,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'title': 'Vermilion Pt. 2 (Cover)',
+            'track': 'Vermilion Pt. 2 (Cover)',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://bandlabimages.azureedge.net/v1.0/songs/62b10750-7aef-4f42-ad08-1af52f577e97/',
+            'media_type': 'revision',
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        display_id, url_type = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'url_type')
+
+        qs = parse_qs(url)
+        revision_id = traverse_obj(qs, (('revId', 'id'), 0, any))
+        if url_type == 'revision':
+            revision_id = display_id
+
+        revision_data = None
+        if not revision_id:
+            post_data = self._call_api(
+                'posts', display_id, note='Downloading post data',
+                query=traverse_obj(qs, {'sharedKey': ('sharedKey', 0)}))
+
+            revision_id = traverse_obj(post_data, (('revisionId', ('revision', 'id')), {str}, any))
+            revision_data = traverse_obj(post_data, ('revision', {dict}))
+
+            if not revision_data and not revision_id:
+                post_type = post_data.get('type')
+                if post_type == 'Video':
+                    return self._parse_video(post_data, url=url)
+                if post_type == 'Track':
+                    return self._parse_track(post_data, url=url)
+                raise ExtractorError(f'Could not extract data for post type {post_type!r}')
+
+        if not revision_data:
+            revision_data = self._call_api(
+                'revisions', revision_id, note='Downloading revision data', query={'edit': 'false'})
+
+        return self._parse_revision(revision_data, url=url)
+
+
+class BandlabPlaylistIE(BandlabBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = [
+        r'https?://(?:www\.)?bandlab.com/(?:[\w]+/)?(?P<type>albums|collections)/(?P<id>[\da-f-]+)',
+        r'https?://(?:www\.)?bandlab.com/(?P<type>embed)/collection/\?(?:[^#]*&)?id=(?P<id>[\da-f-]+)',
+    ]
+    _EMBED_REGEX = [rf'<iframe[^>]+src=[\'"](?P<url>{_VALID_URL[1]})[\'"]']
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.bandlab.com/davesnothome69/albums/89b79ea6-de42-ed11-b495-00224845aac7',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'thumbnail': 'https://bl-prod-images.azureedge.net/v1.3/albums/69507ff3-579a-45be-afca-9e87eddec944/',
+            'release_date': '20221003',
+            'title': 'Remnants',
+            'album': 'Remnants',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'album_type': 'LP',
+            'description': 'A collection of some feel good, rock hits.',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'id': '89b79ea6-de42-ed11-b495-00224845aac7',
+            'uploader': 'David R Sparks',
+            'uploader_id': 'davesnothome69',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 10,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.bandlab.com/slytheband/collections/955102d4-1040-ef11-86c3-000d3a42581b',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '955102d4-1040-ef11-86c3-000d3a42581b',
+            'timestamp': 1720762659,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'title': 'My Shit 🖤',
+            'uploader_id': 'slytheband',
+            'uploader': '𝓢𝓛𝓨',
+            'upload_date': '20240712',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://bandlabimages.azureedge.net/v1.0/collections/2c64ca12-b180-4b76-8587-7a8da76bddc8/',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 15,
+    }, {
+        # Embeds can contain both albums and collections with the same URL pattern. This is an album
+        'url': 'https://www.bandlab.com/embed/collection/?id=12cc6f7f-951b-ee11-907c-00224844f303',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '12cc6f7f-951b-ee11-907c-00224844f303',
+            'release_date': '20230706',
+            'description': 'This is a collection of songs I created when I had an Amiga computer.',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'title': 'Mark Salud The Amiga Collection',
+            'uploader_id': 'mssirmooth1962',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://bl-prod-images.azureedge.net/v1.3/albums/d618bd7b-0537-40d5-bdd8-61b066e77d59/',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'uploader': 'Mark Salud',
+            'album': 'Mark Salud The Amiga Collection',
+            'album_type': 'LP',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 24,
+    }, {
+        # Tracks without revision id
+        'url': 'https://www.bandlab.com/embed/collection/?id=e98aafb5-d932-ee11-b8f0-00224844c719',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'like_count': int,
+            'uploader_id': 'sorakime',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'uploader': 'Sorakime',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'description': 'md5:4ec31c568a5f5a5a2b17572ea64c3825',
+            'release_date': '20230812',
+            'title': 'Art',
+            'album': 'Art',
+            'album_type': 'Album',
+            'id': 'e98aafb5-d932-ee11-b8f0-00224844c719',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://bl-prod-images.azureedge.net/v1.3/albums/20c890de-e94a-4422-828a-2da6377a13c8/',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 13,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.bandlab.com/albums/89b79ea6-de42-ed11-b495-00224845aac7',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    def _entries(self, album_data):
+        for post in traverse_obj(album_data, ('posts', lambda _, v: v['type'])):
+            post_type = post['type']
+            if post_type == 'Revision':
+                yield self._parse_revision(post.get('revision'))
+            elif post_type == 'Track':
+                yield self._parse_track(post)
+            elif post_type == 'Video':
+                yield self._parse_video(post)
+            else:
+                self.report_warning(f'Skipping unknown post type: "{post_type}"')
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        playlist_id, playlist_type = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'type')
+
+        endpoints = {
+            'albums': ['albums'],
+            'collections': ['collections'],
+            'embed': ['collections', 'albums'],
+        }.get(playlist_type)
+        for endpoint in endpoints:
+            playlist_data = self._call_api(
+                endpoint, playlist_id, note=f'Downloading {endpoint[:-1]} data',
+                fatal=False, expected_status=404)
+            if not playlist_data.get('errorCode'):
+                playlist_type = endpoint
+                break
+        if error_code := playlist_data.get('errorCode'):
+            raise ExtractorError(f'Could not find playlist data. Error code: "{error_code}"')
+
+        return self.playlist_result(
+            self._entries(playlist_data), playlist_id,
+            **traverse_obj(playlist_data, {
+                'title': ('name', {str}),
+                'description': ('description', {str}),
+                'uploader': ('creator', 'name', {str}),
+                'uploader_id': ('creator', 'username', {str}),
+                'timestamp': ('createdOn', {parse_iso8601}),
+                'release_date': ('releaseDate', {lambda x: x.replace('-', '')}, filter),
+                'thumbnail': ('picture', ('original', 'url'), {url_or_none}, any),
+                'like_count': ('counters', 'likes', {int_or_none}),
+                'comment_count': ('counters', 'comments', {int_or_none}),
+                'view_count': ('counters', 'plays', {int_or_none}),
+            }),
+            **(traverse_obj(playlist_data, {
+                'album': ('name', {str}),
+                'album_type': ('type', {str}),
+            }) if playlist_type == 'albums' else {}))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/bbc.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/bbc.py
index 3af923f958..89fcf4425d 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/bbc.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/bbc.py
@@ -1284,9 +1284,9 @@ class BBCIE(BBCCoUkIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
                 **traverse_obj(model, {
                     'title': ('title', {str}),
                     'thumbnail': ('imageUrl', {lambda u: urljoin(url, u.replace('$recipe', 'raw'))}),
-                    'description': ('synopses', ('long', 'medium', 'short'), {str}, {lambda x: x or None}, any),
+                    'description': ('synopses', ('long', 'medium', 'short'), {str}, filter, any),
                     'duration': ('versions', 0, 'duration', {int}),
-                    'timestamp': ('versions', 0, 'availableFrom', {functools.partial(int_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                    'timestamp': ('versions', 0, 'availableFrom', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 }),
             }
 
@@ -1386,7 +1386,7 @@ class BBCIE(BBCCoUkIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
                     formats = traverse_obj(media_data, ('playlist', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['url']), {
                         'url': ('url', {url_or_none}),
                         'ext': ('format', {str}),
-                        'tbr': ('bitrate', {functools.partial(int_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                        'tbr': ('bitrate', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                     }))
                     if formats:
                         entry = {
@@ -1398,7 +1398,7 @@ class BBCIE(BBCCoUkIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
                                 'title': ('title', {str}),
                                 'thumbnail': ('imageUrl', {lambda u: urljoin(url, u.replace('$recipe', 'raw'))}),
                                 'description': ('synopses', ('long', 'medium', 'short'), {str}, any),
-                                'timestamp': ('firstPublished', {functools.partial(int_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                                'timestamp': ('firstPublished', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                             }),
                         }
                         done = True
@@ -1428,7 +1428,7 @@ class BBCIE(BBCCoUkIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
             if not entry.get('timestamp'):
                 entry['timestamp'] = traverse_obj(next_data, (
                     ..., 'contents', is_type('timestamp'), 'model',
-                    'timestamp', {functools.partial(int_or_none, scale=1000)}, any))
+                    'timestamp', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}, any))
             entries.append(entry)
             return self.playlist_result(
                 entries, playlist_id, playlist_title, playlist_description)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/bfmtv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/bfmtv.py
index 87f011783b..49d4819a3d 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/bfmtv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/bfmtv.py
@@ -1,18 +1,33 @@
 import re
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import extract_attributes
+from ..utils import ExtractorError, extract_attributes
 
 
 class BFMTVBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
     _VALID_URL_BASE = r'https?://(?:www\.|rmc\.)?bfmtv\.com/'
     _VALID_URL_TMPL = _VALID_URL_BASE + r'(?:[^/]+/)*[^/?&#]+_%s[A-Z]-(?P<id>\d{12})\.html'
-    _VIDEO_BLOCK_REGEX = r'(<div[^>]+class="video_block[^"]*"[^>]*>)'
+    _VIDEO_BLOCK_REGEX = r'(<div[^>]+class="video_block[^"]*"[^>]*>.*?</div>)'
+    _VIDEO_ELEMENT_REGEX = r'(<video-js[^>]+>)'
     BRIGHTCOVE_URL_TEMPLATE = 'http://players.brightcove.net/%s/%s_default/index.html?videoId=%s'
 
-    def _brightcove_url_result(self, video_id, video_block):
-        account_id = video_block.get('accountid') or '876450612001'
-        player_id = video_block.get('playerid') or 'I2qBTln4u'
+    def _extract_video(self, video_block):
+        video_element = self._search_regex(
+            self._VIDEO_ELEMENT_REGEX, video_block, 'video element', default=None)
+        if video_element:
+            video_element_attrs = extract_attributes(video_element)
+            video_id = video_element_attrs.get('data-video-id')
+            if not video_id:
+                return
+            account_id = video_element_attrs.get('data-account') or '876450610001'
+            player_id = video_element_attrs.get('adjustplayer') or '19dszYXgm'
+        else:
+            video_block_attrs = extract_attributes(video_block)
+            video_id = video_block_attrs.get('videoid')
+            if not video_id:
+                return
+            account_id = video_block_attrs.get('accountid') or '876630703001'
+            player_id = video_block_attrs.get('playerid') or 'KbPwEbuHx'
         return self.url_result(
             self.BRIGHTCOVE_URL_TEMPLATE % (account_id, player_id, video_id),
             'BrightcoveNew', video_id)
@@ -40,23 +55,25 @@ class BFMTVIE(BFMTVBaseIE):
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         bfmtv_id = self._match_id(url)
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, bfmtv_id)
-        video_block = extract_attributes(self._search_regex(
+        video = self._extract_video(self._search_regex(
             self._VIDEO_BLOCK_REGEX, webpage, 'video block'))
-        return self._brightcove_url_result(video_block['videoid'], video_block)
+        if not video:
+            raise ExtractorError('Failed to extract video')
+        return video
 
 
-class BFMTVLiveIE(BFMTVIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
+class BFMTVLiveIE(BFMTVBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'bfmtv:live'
     _VALID_URL = BFMTVBaseIE._VALID_URL_BASE + '(?P<id>(?:[^/]+/)?en-direct)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.bfmtv.com/en-direct/',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '5615950982001',
+            'id': '6346069778112',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': r're:^le direct BFMTV WEB \d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2} \d{2}:\d{2}$',
+            'title': r're:^Le Live BFM TV \d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2} \d{2}:\d{2}$',
             'uploader_id': '876450610001',
-            'upload_date': '20220926',
-            'timestamp': 1664207191,
+            'upload_date': '20240202',
+            'timestamp': 1706887572,
             'live_status': 'is_live',
             'thumbnail': r're:https://.+/image\.jpg',
             'tags': [],
@@ -69,6 +86,15 @@ class BFMTVLiveIE(BFMTVIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
         'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        bfmtv_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, bfmtv_id)
+        video = self._extract_video(self._search_regex(
+            self._VIDEO_BLOCK_REGEX, webpage, 'video block'))
+        if not video:
+            raise ExtractorError('Failed to extract video')
+        return video
+
 
 class BFMTVArticleIE(BFMTVBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'bfmtv:article'
@@ -102,18 +128,16 @@ class BFMTVArticleIE(BFMTVBaseIE):
         },
     }]
 
+    def _entries(self, webpage):
+        for video_block_el in re.findall(self._VIDEO_BLOCK_REGEX, webpage):
+            video = self._extract_video(video_block_el)
+            if video:
+                yield video
+
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         bfmtv_id = self._match_id(url)
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, bfmtv_id)
 
-        entries = []
-        for video_block_el in re.findall(self._VIDEO_BLOCK_REGEX, webpage):
-            video_block = extract_attributes(video_block_el)
-            video_id = video_block.get('videoid')
-            if not video_id:
-                continue
-            entries.append(self._brightcove_url_result(video_id, video_block))
-
         return self.playlist_result(
-            entries, bfmtv_id, self._og_search_title(webpage, fatal=False),
+            self._entries(webpage), bfmtv_id, self._og_search_title(webpage, fatal=False),
             self._html_search_meta(['og:description', 'description'], webpage))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/bibeltv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/bibeltv.py
index 666b51c56a..ad00245def 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/bibeltv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/bibeltv.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import functools
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
@@ -50,7 +49,7 @@ class BibelTVBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
             **traverse_obj(data, {
                 'title': 'title',
                 'description': 'description',
-                'duration': ('duration', {functools.partial(int_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'timestamp': ('schedulingStart', {parse_iso8601}),
                 'season_number': 'seasonNumber',
                 'episode_number': 'episodeNumber',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/bilibili.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/bilibili.py
index 41684751ab..882b82438a 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/bilibili.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/bilibili.py
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ from ..utils import (
     InAdvancePagedList,
     OnDemandPagedList,
     bool_or_none,
-    clean_html,
     determine_ext,
     filter_dict,
     float_or_none,
@@ -189,7 +188,7 @@ class BilibiliBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
 
         fragments = traverse_obj(play_info, ('durl', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['url']), {
             'url': ('url', {url_or_none}),
-            'duration': ('length', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+            'duration': ('length', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
             'filesize': ('size', {int_or_none}),
         }))
         if fragments:
@@ -204,7 +203,7 @@ class BilibiliBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
                     'quality': ('quality', {int_or_none}),
                     'format_id': ('quality', {str_or_none}),
                     'format_note': ('quality', {lambda x: format_names.get(x)}),
-                    'duration': ('timelength', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                    'duration': ('timelength', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 }),
                 **parse_resolution(format_names.get(play_info.get('quality'))),
             })
@@ -760,40 +759,29 @@ class BiliBiliIE(BilibiliBaseIE):
         headers['Referer'] = url
 
         initial_state = self._search_json(r'window\.__INITIAL_STATE__\s*=', webpage, 'initial state', video_id)
+
+        if traverse_obj(initial_state, ('error', 'trueCode')) == -403:
+            self.raise_login_required()
+        if traverse_obj(initial_state, ('error', 'trueCode')) == -404:
+            raise ExtractorError(
+                'This video may be deleted or geo-restricted. '
+                'You might want to try a VPN or a proxy server (with --proxy)', expected=True)
+
         is_festival = 'videoData' not in initial_state
         if is_festival:
             video_data = initial_state['videoInfo']
         else:
-            play_info_obj = self._search_json(
-                r'window\.__playinfo__\s*=', webpage, 'play info', video_id, fatal=False)
-            if not play_info_obj:
-                if traverse_obj(initial_state, ('error', 'trueCode')) == -403:
-                    self.raise_login_required()
-                if traverse_obj(initial_state, ('error', 'trueCode')) == -404:
-                    raise ExtractorError(
-                        'This video may be deleted or geo-restricted. '
-                        'You might want to try a VPN or a proxy server (with --proxy)', expected=True)
-            play_info = traverse_obj(play_info_obj, ('data', {dict}))
-            if not play_info:
-                if traverse_obj(play_info_obj, 'code') == 87007:
-                    toast = get_element_by_class('tips-toast', webpage) or ''
-                    msg = clean_html(
-                        f'{get_element_by_class("belongs-to", toast) or ""}，'
-                        + (get_element_by_class('level', toast) or ''))
-                    raise ExtractorError(
-                        f'This is a supporter-only video: {msg}. {self._login_hint()}', expected=True)
-                raise ExtractorError('Failed to extract play info')
             video_data = initial_state['videoData']
 
         video_id, title = video_data['bvid'], video_data.get('title')
 
         # Bilibili anthologies are similar to playlists but all videos share the same video ID as the anthology itself.
-        page_list_json = not is_festival and traverse_obj(
+        page_list_json = (not is_festival and traverse_obj(
             self._download_json(
                 'https://api.bilibili.com/x/player/pagelist', video_id,
                 fatal=False, query={'bvid': video_id, 'jsonp': 'jsonp'},
                 note='Extracting videos in anthology', headers=headers),
-            'data', expected_type=list) or []
+            'data', expected_type=list)) or []
         is_anthology = len(page_list_json) > 1
 
         part_id = int_or_none(parse_qs(url).get('p', [None])[-1])
@@ -810,10 +798,14 @@ class BiliBiliIE(BilibiliBaseIE):
         old_video_id = format_field(aid, None, f'%s_part{part_id or 1}')
         cid = traverse_obj(video_data, ('pages', part_id - 1, 'cid')) if part_id else video_data.get('cid')
 
+        play_info = (
+            traverse_obj(
+                self._search_json(r'window\.__playinfo__\s*=', webpage, 'play info', video_id, default=None),
+                ('data', {dict}))
+            or self._download_playinfo(video_id, cid, headers=headers))
+
         festival_info = {}
         if is_festival:
-            play_info = self._download_playinfo(video_id, cid, headers=headers)
-
             festival_info = traverse_obj(initial_state, {
                 'uploader': ('videoInfo', 'upName'),
                 'uploader_id': ('videoInfo', 'upMid', {str_or_none}),
@@ -848,67 +840,76 @@ class BiliBiliIE(BilibiliBaseIE):
                 self._get_interactive_entries(video_id, cid, metainfo, headers=headers), **metainfo,
                 duration=traverse_obj(initial_state, ('videoData', 'duration', {int_or_none})),
                 __post_extractor=self.extract_comments(aid))
-        else:
-            formats = self.extract_formats(play_info)
-            formats.append(self._extract_storyboard(
-                duration=float_or_none(play_info.get('timelength'), scale=1000),
-                bvid=video_id, cid=cid))
 
-            if not traverse_obj(play_info, ('dash')):
-                # we only have legacy formats and need additional work
-                has_qn = lambda x: x in traverse_obj(formats, (..., 'quality'))
-                for qn in traverse_obj(play_info, ('accept_quality', lambda _, v: not has_qn(v), {int})):
-                    formats.extend(traverse_obj(
-                        self.extract_formats(self._download_playinfo(video_id, cid, headers=headers, qn=qn)),
-                        lambda _, v: not has_qn(v['quality'])))
-                self._check_missing_formats(play_info, formats)
-                flv_formats = traverse_obj(formats, lambda _, v: v['fragments'])
-                if flv_formats and len(flv_formats) < len(formats):
-                    # Flv and mp4 are incompatible due to `multi_video` workaround, so drop one
-                    if not self._configuration_arg('prefer_multi_flv'):
-                        dropped_fmts = ', '.join(
-                            f'{f.get("format_note")} ({f.get("format_id")})' for f in flv_formats)
-                        formats = traverse_obj(formats, lambda _, v: not v.get('fragments'))
-                        if dropped_fmts:
-                            self.to_screen(
-                                f'Dropping incompatible flv format(s) {dropped_fmts} since mp4 is available. '
-                                'To extract flv, pass --extractor-args "bilibili:prefer_multi_flv"')
-                    else:
-                        formats = traverse_obj(
-                            # XXX: Filtering by extractor-arg is for testing purposes
-                            formats, lambda _, v: v['quality'] == int(self._configuration_arg('prefer_multi_flv')[0]),
-                        ) or [max(flv_formats, key=lambda x: x['quality'])]
+        formats = self.extract_formats(play_info)
 
-            if traverse_obj(formats, (0, 'fragments')):
-                # We have flv formats, which are individual short videos with their own timestamps and metainfo
-                # Binary concatenation corrupts their timestamps, so we need a `multi_video` workaround
-                return {
-                    **metainfo,
-                    '_type': 'multi_video',
-                    'entries': [{
-                        'id': f'{metainfo["id"]}_{idx}',
-                        'title': metainfo['title'],
-                        'http_headers': metainfo['http_headers'],
-                        'formats': [{
-                            **fragment,
-                            'format_id': formats[0].get('format_id'),
-                        }],
-                        'subtitles': self.extract_subtitles(video_id, cid) if idx == 0 else None,
-                        '__post_extractor': self.extract_comments(aid) if idx == 0 else None,
-                    } for idx, fragment in enumerate(formats[0]['fragments'])],
-                    'duration': float_or_none(play_info.get('timelength'), scale=1000),
-                    'heatmap': list(self._extract_heatmap(cid)),
-                }
-            else:
-                return {
-                    **metainfo,
-                    'formats': formats,
-                    'duration': float_or_none(play_info.get('timelength'), scale=1000),
-                    'chapters': self._get_chapters(aid, cid),
-                    'subtitles': self.extract_subtitles(video_id, cid),
-                    '__post_extractor': self.extract_comments(aid),
-                    'heatmap': list(self._extract_heatmap(cid)),
-                }
+        if video_data.get('is_upower_exclusive'):
+            high_level = traverse_obj(initial_state, ('elecFullInfo', 'show_info', 'high_level', {dict})) or {}
+            msg = f'{join_nonempty("title", "sub_title", from_dict=high_level, delim="，")}. {self._login_hint()}'
+            if not formats:
+                raise ExtractorError(f'This is a supporter-only video: {msg}', expected=True)
+            if '试看' in traverse_obj(play_info, ('accept_description', ..., {str})):
+                self.report_warning(
+                    f'This is a supporter-only video, only the preview will be extracted: {msg}',
+                    video_id=video_id)
+
+        formats.append(self._extract_storyboard(
+            duration=float_or_none(play_info.get('timelength'), scale=1000),
+            bvid=video_id, cid=cid))
+
+        if not traverse_obj(play_info, 'dash'):
+            # we only have legacy formats and need additional work
+            has_qn = lambda x: x in traverse_obj(formats, (..., 'quality'))
+            for qn in traverse_obj(play_info, ('accept_quality', lambda _, v: not has_qn(v), {int})):
+                formats.extend(traverse_obj(
+                    self.extract_formats(self._download_playinfo(video_id, cid, headers=headers, qn=qn)),
+                    lambda _, v: not has_qn(v['quality'])))
+            self._check_missing_formats(play_info, formats)
+            flv_formats = traverse_obj(formats, lambda _, v: v['fragments'])
+            if flv_formats and len(flv_formats) < len(formats):
+                # Flv and mp4 are incompatible due to `multi_video` workaround, so drop one
+                if not self._configuration_arg('prefer_multi_flv'):
+                    dropped_fmts = ', '.join(
+                        f'{f.get("format_note")} ({f.get("format_id")})' for f in flv_formats)
+                    formats = traverse_obj(formats, lambda _, v: not v.get('fragments'))
+                    if dropped_fmts:
+                        self.to_screen(
+                            f'Dropping incompatible flv format(s) {dropped_fmts} since mp4 is available. '
+                            'To extract flv, pass --extractor-args "bilibili:prefer_multi_flv"')
+                else:
+                    formats = traverse_obj(
+                        # XXX: Filtering by extractor-arg is for testing purposes
+                        formats, lambda _, v: v['quality'] == int(self._configuration_arg('prefer_multi_flv')[0]),
+                    ) or [max(flv_formats, key=lambda x: x['quality'])]
+
+        if traverse_obj(formats, (0, 'fragments')):
+            # We have flv formats, which are individual short videos with their own timestamps and metainfo
+            # Binary concatenation corrupts their timestamps, so we need a `multi_video` workaround
+            return {
+                **metainfo,
+                '_type': 'multi_video',
+                'entries': [{
+                    'id': f'{metainfo["id"]}_{idx}',
+                    'title': metainfo['title'],
+                    'http_headers': metainfo['http_headers'],
+                    'formats': [{
+                        **fragment,
+                        'format_id': formats[0].get('format_id'),
+                    }],
+                    'subtitles': self.extract_subtitles(video_id, cid) if idx == 0 else None,
+                    '__post_extractor': self.extract_comments(aid) if idx == 0 else None,
+                } for idx, fragment in enumerate(formats[0]['fragments'])],
+                'duration': float_or_none(play_info.get('timelength'), scale=1000),
+            }
+
+        return {
+            **metainfo,
+            'formats': formats,
+            'duration': float_or_none(play_info.get('timelength'), scale=1000),
+            'chapters': self._get_chapters(aid, cid),
+            'subtitles': self.extract_subtitles(video_id, cid),
+            '__post_extractor': self.extract_comments(aid),
+        }
 
 
 class BiliBiliBangumiIE(BilibiliBaseIE):
@@ -1728,7 +1729,7 @@ class BilibiliPlaylistIE(BilibiliSpaceListBaseIE):
                 'title': ('title', {str}),
                 'uploader': ('upper', 'name', {str}),
                 'uploader_id': ('upper', 'mid', {str_or_none}),
-                'timestamp': ('ctime', {int_or_none}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'timestamp': ('ctime', {int_or_none}, filter),
                 'thumbnail': ('cover', {url_or_none}),
             })),
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/bluesky.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/bluesky.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0e58a0932d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/bluesky.py
@@ -0,0 +1,388 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
+    format_field,
+    int_or_none,
+    mimetype2ext,
+    orderedSet,
+    parse_iso8601,
+    truncate_string,
+    update_url_query,
+    url_basename,
+    url_or_none,
+    variadic,
+)
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+
+
+class BlueskyIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = [
+        r'https?://(?:www\.)?(?:bsky\.app|main\.bsky\.dev)/profile/(?P<handle>[\w.:%-]+)/post/(?P<id>\w+)',
+        r'at://(?P<handle>[\w.:%-]+)/app\.bsky\.feed\.post/(?P<id>\w+)',
+    ]
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/blu3blue.bsky.social/post/3l4omssdl632g',
+        'md5': '375539c1930ab05d15585ed772ab54fd',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3l4omssdl632g',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'uploader': 'Blu3Blu3Lilith',
+            'uploader_id': 'blu3blue.bsky.social',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/blu3blue.bsky.social',
+            'channel_id': 'did:plc:pzdr5ylumf7vmvwasrpr5bf2',
+            'channel_url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/did:plc:pzdr5ylumf7vmvwasrpr5bf2',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://video.bsky.app/watch/.*\.jpg$',
+            'title': 'OMG WE HAVE VIDEOS NOW',
+            'description': 'OMG WE HAVE VIDEOS NOW',
+            'upload_date': '20240921',
+            'timestamp': 1726940605,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'repost_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'tags': [],
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/bsky.app/post/3l3vgf77uco2g',
+        'md5': 'b9e344fdbce9f2852c668a97efefb105',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3l3vgf77uco2g',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'uploader': 'Bluesky',
+            'uploader_id': 'bsky.app',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/bsky.app',
+            'channel_id': 'did:plc:z72i7hdynmk6r22z27h6tvur',
+            'channel_url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/did:plc:z72i7hdynmk6r22z27h6tvur',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://video.bsky.app/watch/.*\.jpg$',
+            'title': 'Bluesky now has video! Update your app to versi...',
+            'alt_title': 'Bluesky video feature announcement',
+            'description': r're:(?s)Bluesky now has video! .{239}',
+            'upload_date': '20240911',
+            'timestamp': 1726074716,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'repost_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'tags': [],
+            'subtitles': {
+                'en': 'mincount:1',
+            },
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://main.bsky.dev/profile/souris.moe/post/3l4qhp7bcs52c',
+        'md5': '5f2df8c200b5633eb7fb2c984d29772f',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3l4qhp7bcs52c',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'uploader': 'souris',
+            'uploader_id': 'souris.moe',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/souris.moe',
+            'channel_id': 'did:plc:tj7g244gl5v6ai6cm4f4wlqp',
+            'channel_url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/did:plc:tj7g244gl5v6ai6cm4f4wlqp',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://video.bsky.app/watch/.*\.jpg$',
+            'title': 'Bluesky video #3l4qhp7bcs52c',
+            'upload_date': '20240922',
+            'timestamp': 1727003838,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'repost_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'tags': [],
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/de1.pds.tentacle.expert/post/3l3w4tnezek2e',
+        'md5': '1af9c7fda061cf7593bbffca89e43d1c',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3l3w4tnezek2e',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'uploader': 'clean',
+            'uploader_id': 'de1.pds.tentacle.expert',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/de1.pds.tentacle.expert',
+            'channel_id': 'did:web:de1.tentacle.expert',
+            'channel_url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/did:web:de1.tentacle.expert',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://video.bsky.app/watch/.*\.jpg$',
+            'title': 'Bluesky video #3l3w4tnezek2e',
+            'upload_date': '20240911',
+            'timestamp': 1726098823,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'repost_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'tags': [],
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/yunayuispink.bsky.social/post/3l7gqcfes742o',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'XxK3t_5V3ao',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'uploader': 'yunayu',
+            'uploader_id': '@yunayuispink',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@yunayuispink',
+            'channel': 'yunayu',
+            'channel_id': 'UCPLvXnHa7lTyNoR_dGsU14w',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCPLvXnHa7lTyNoR_dGsU14w',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/XxK3t_5V3ao/maxresdefault.webp',
+            'description': r're:Have a good goodx10000day',
+            'title': '5min vs 5hours drawing',
+            'availability': 'public',
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
+            'playable_in_embed': True,
+            'upload_date': '20241026',
+            'timestamp': 1729967784,
+            'duration': 321,
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'categories': ['Entertainment'],
+            'tags': [],
+        },
+        'add_ie': ['Youtube'],
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/endshark.bsky.social/post/3jzxjkcemae2m',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '222792849',
+            'ext': 'mp3',
+            'uploader': 'LASERBAT',
+            'uploader_id': 'laserbatx',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://laserbatx.bandcamp.com',
+            'artists': ['LASERBAT'],
+            'album_artists': ['LASERBAT'],
+            'album': 'Hari Nezumi [EP]',
+            'track': 'Forward to the End',
+            'title': 'LASERBAT - Forward to the End',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://f4.bcbits.com/img/a2507705510_5.jpg',
+            'duration': 228.571,
+            'track_id': '222792849',
+            'release_date': '20230423',
+            'upload_date': '20230423',
+            'timestamp': 1682276040.0,
+            'release_timestamp': 1682276040.0,
+            'track_number': 1,
+        },
+        'add_ie': ['Bandcamp'],
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/dannybhoix.bsky.social/post/3l6oe5mtr2c2j',
+        'md5': 'b9e344fdbce9f2852c668a97efefb105',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3l3vgf77uco2g',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'uploader': 'Bluesky',
+            'uploader_id': 'bsky.app',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/bsky.app',
+            'channel_id': 'did:plc:z72i7hdynmk6r22z27h6tvur',
+            'channel_url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/did:plc:z72i7hdynmk6r22z27h6tvur',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://video.bsky.app/watch/.*\.jpg$',
+            'title': 'Bluesky now has video! Update your app to versi...',
+            'alt_title': 'Bluesky video feature announcement',
+            'description': r're:(?s)Bluesky now has video! .{239}',
+            'upload_date': '20240911',
+            'timestamp': 1726074716,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'repost_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'tags': [],
+            'subtitles': {
+                'en': 'mincount:1',
+            },
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/alt.bun.how/post/3l7rdfxhyds2f',
+        'md5': '8775118b235cf9fa6b5ad30f95cda75c',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3l7rdfxhyds2f',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'uploader': 'cinnamon',
+            'uploader_id': 'alt.bun.how',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/alt.bun.how',
+            'channel_id': 'did:plc:7x6rtuenkuvxq3zsvffp2ide',
+            'channel_url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/did:plc:7x6rtuenkuvxq3zsvffp2ide',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://video.bsky.app/watch/.*\.jpg$',
+            'title': 'crazy that i look like this tbh',
+            'description': 'crazy that i look like this tbh',
+            'upload_date': '20241030',
+            'timestamp': 1730332128,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'repost_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'tags': ['sexual'],
+            'age_limit': 18,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'at://did:plc:ia76kvnndjutgedggx2ibrem/app.bsky.feed.post/3l6zrz6zyl2dr',
+        'md5': '71b0eb6d85d03145e6af6642c7fc6d78',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3l6zrz6zyl2dr',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'uploader': 'mary🐇',
+            'uploader_id': 'mary.my.id',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/mary.my.id',
+            'channel_id': 'did:plc:ia76kvnndjutgedggx2ibrem',
+            'channel_url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/did:plc:ia76kvnndjutgedggx2ibrem',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://video.bsky.app/watch/.*\.jpg$',
+            'title': 'Bluesky video #3l6zrz6zyl2dr',
+            'upload_date': '20241021',
+            'timestamp': 1729523172,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'repost_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'tags': [],
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/purpleicetea.bsky.social/post/3l7gv55dc2o2w',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3l7gv55dc2o2w',
+        },
+        'playlist': [{
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '3l7gv55dc2o2w',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'upload_date': '20241026',
+                'description': 'One of my favorite videos',
+                'comment_count': int,
+                'uploader_url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/purpleicetea.bsky.social',
+                'uploader': 'Purple.Ice.Tea',
+                'thumbnail': r're:https://video.bsky.app/watch/.*\.jpg$',
+                'channel_url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/did:plc:bjh5ffwya5f53dfy47dezuwx',
+                'like_count': int,
+                'channel_id': 'did:plc:bjh5ffwya5f53dfy47dezuwx',
+                'repost_count': int,
+                'timestamp': 1729973202,
+                'tags': [],
+                'uploader_id': 'purpleicetea.bsky.social',
+                'title': 'One of my favorite videos',
+            },
+        }, {
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '3l77u64l7le2e',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'hearing people on twitter say that bluesky isn\'...',
+                'like_count': int,
+                'uploader_id': 'thafnine.net',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/thafnine.net',
+                'upload_date': '20241024',
+                'channel_url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/did:plc:6ttyq36rhiyed7wu3ws7dmqj',
+                'description': r're:(?s)hearing people on twitter say that bluesky .{93}',
+                'tags': [],
+                'alt_title': 'md5:9b1ee1937fb3d1a81e932f9ec14d560e',
+                'uploader': 'T9',
+                'channel_id': 'did:plc:6ttyq36rhiyed7wu3ws7dmqj',
+                'thumbnail': r're:https://video.bsky.app/watch/.*\.jpg$',
+                'timestamp': 1729731642,
+                'comment_count': int,
+                'repost_count': int,
+            },
+        }],
+    }]
+    _BLOB_URL_TMPL = '{}/xrpc/com.atproto.sync.getBlob'
+
+    def _get_service_endpoint(self, did, video_id):
+        if did.startswith('did:web:'):
+            url = f'https://{did[8:]}/.well-known/did.json'
+        else:
+            url = f'https://plc.directory/{did}'
+        services = self._download_json(
+            url, video_id, 'Fetching service endpoint', 'Falling back to bsky.social', fatal=False)
+        return traverse_obj(
+            services, ('service', lambda _, x: x['type'] == 'AtprotoPersonalDataServer',
+                       'serviceEndpoint', {url_or_none}, any)) or 'https://bsky.social'
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        handle, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('handle', 'id')
+
+        post = self._download_json(
+            'https://public.api.bsky.app/xrpc/app.bsky.feed.getPostThread',
+            video_id, query={
+                'uri': f'at://{handle}/app.bsky.feed.post/{video_id}',
+                'depth': 0,
+                'parentHeight': 0,
+            })['thread']['post']
+
+        entries = []
+        # app.bsky.embed.video.view/app.bsky.embed.external.view
+        entries.extend(self._extract_videos(post, video_id))
+        # app.bsky.embed.recordWithMedia.view
+        entries.extend(self._extract_videos(
+            post, video_id, embed_path=('embed', 'media'), record_subpath=('embed', 'media')))
+        # app.bsky.embed.record.view
+        if nested_post := traverse_obj(post, ('embed', 'record', ('record', None), {dict}, any)):
+            entries.extend(self._extract_videos(
+                nested_post, video_id, embed_path=('embeds', 0), record_path='value'))
+
+        if not entries:
+            raise ExtractorError('No video could be found in this post', expected=True)
+        if len(entries) == 1:
+            return entries[0]
+        return self.playlist_result(entries, video_id)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _build_profile_url(path):
+        return format_field(path, None, 'https://bsky.app/profile/%s', default=None)
+
+    def _extract_videos(self, root, video_id, embed_path='embed', record_path='record', record_subpath='embed'):
+        embed_path = variadic(embed_path, (str, bytes, dict, set))
+        record_path = variadic(record_path, (str, bytes, dict, set))
+        record_subpath = variadic(record_subpath, (str, bytes, dict, set))
+
+        entries = []
+        if external_uri := traverse_obj(root, (
+                ((*record_path, *record_subpath), embed_path), 'external', 'uri', {url_or_none}, any)):
+            entries.append(self.url_result(external_uri))
+        if playlist := traverse_obj(root, (*embed_path, 'playlist', {url_or_none})):
+            formats, subtitles = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                playlist, video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False)
+        else:
+            return entries
+
+        video_cid = traverse_obj(
+            root, (*embed_path, 'cid', {str}),
+            (*record_path, *record_subpath, 'video', 'ref', '$link', {str}))
+        did = traverse_obj(root, ('author', 'did', {str}))
+
+        if did and video_cid:
+            endpoint = self._get_service_endpoint(did, video_id)
+
+            formats.append({
+                'format_id': 'blob',
+                'url': update_url_query(
+                    self._BLOB_URL_TMPL.format(endpoint), {'did': did, 'cid': video_cid}),
+                **traverse_obj(root, (*embed_path, 'aspectRatio', {
+                    'width': ('width', {int_or_none}),
+                    'height': ('height', {int_or_none}),
+                })),
+                **traverse_obj(root, (*record_path, *record_subpath, 'video', {
+                    'filesize': ('size', {int_or_none}),
+                    'ext': ('mimeType', {mimetype2ext}),
+                })),
+            })
+
+            for sub_data in traverse_obj(root, (
+                    *record_path, *record_subpath, 'captions', lambda _, v: v['file']['ref']['$link'])):
+                subtitles.setdefault(sub_data.get('lang') or 'und', []).append({
+                    'url': update_url_query(
+                        self._BLOB_URL_TMPL.format(endpoint), {'did': did, 'cid': sub_data['file']['ref']['$link']}),
+                    'ext': traverse_obj(sub_data, ('file', 'mimeType', {mimetype2ext})),
+                })
+
+        entries.append({
+            'id': video_id,
+            'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+            **traverse_obj(root, {
+                'id': ('uri', {url_basename}),
+                'thumbnail': (*embed_path, 'thumbnail', {url_or_none}),
+                'alt_title': (*embed_path, 'alt', {str}, filter),
+                'uploader': ('author', 'displayName', {str}),
+                'uploader_id': ('author', 'handle', {str}),
+                'uploader_url': ('author', 'handle', {self._build_profile_url}),
+                'channel_id': ('author', 'did', {str}),
+                'channel_url': ('author', 'did', {self._build_profile_url}),
+                'like_count': ('likeCount', {int_or_none}),
+                'repost_count': ('repostCount', {int_or_none}),
+                'comment_count': ('replyCount', {int_or_none}),
+                'timestamp': ('indexedAt', {parse_iso8601}),
+                'tags': ('labels', ..., 'val', {str}, all, {orderedSet}),
+                'age_limit': (
+                    'labels', ..., 'val', {lambda x: 18 if x in ('sexual', 'porn', 'graphic-media') else None}, any),
+                'description': (*record_path, 'text', {str}, filter),
+                'title': (*record_path, 'text', {lambda x: x.replace('\n', ' ')}, {truncate_string(left=50)}),
+            }),
+        })
+        return entries
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/bpb.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/bpb.py
index 7fe0899449..d7bf58b366 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/bpb.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/bpb.py
@@ -1,35 +1,20 @@
-import functools
 import re
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
     clean_html,
     extract_attributes,
-    get_element_text_and_html_by_tag,
-    get_elements_by_class,
     join_nonempty,
     js_to_json,
     mimetype2ext,
     unified_strdate,
     url_or_none,
     urljoin,
-    variadic,
 )
-from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
-
-
-def html_get_element(tag=None, cls=None):
-    assert tag or cls, 'One of tag or class is required'
-
-    if cls:
-        func = functools.partial(get_elements_by_class, cls, tag=tag)
-    else:
-        func = functools.partial(get_element_text_and_html_by_tag, tag)
-
-    def html_get_element_wrapper(html):
-        return variadic(func(html))[0]
-
-    return html_get_element_wrapper
+from ..utils.traversal import (
+    find_element,
+    traverse_obj,
+)
 
 
 class BpbIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -41,12 +26,12 @@ class BpbIE(InfoExtractor):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '297',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'creator': 'Kooperative Berlin',
-            'description': 'md5:f4f75885ba009d3e2b156247a8941ce6',
-            'release_date': '20160115',
+            'creators': ['Kooperative Berlin'],
+            'description': r're:Joachim Gauck, .*\n\nKamera: .*',
+            'release_date': '20150716',
             'series': 'Interview auf dem Geschichtsforum 1989 | 2009',
-            'tags': ['Friedliche Revolution', 'Erinnerungskultur', 'Vergangenheitspolitik', 'DDR 1949 - 1990', 'Freiheitsrecht', 'BStU', 'Deutschland'],
-            'thumbnail': 'https://www.bpb.de/cache/images/7/297_teaser_16x9_1240.jpg?8839D',
+            'tags': [],
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://www\.bpb\.de/cache/images/7/297_teaser_16x9_1240\.jpg.*',
             'title': 'Joachim Gauck zu 1989 und die Erinnerung an die DDR',
             'uploader': 'Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung',
         },
@@ -55,11 +40,12 @@ class BpbIE(InfoExtractor):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '522184',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'creator': 'Institute for Strategic Dialogue Germany gGmbH (ISD)',
+            'creators': ['Institute for Strategic Dialogue Germany gGmbH (ISD)'],
             'description': 'md5:f83c795ff8f825a69456a9e51fc15903',
             'release_date': '20230621',
-            'tags': ['Desinformation', 'Ukraine', 'Russland', 'Geflüchtete'],
-            'thumbnail': 'https://www.bpb.de/cache/images/4/522184_teaser_16x9_1240.png?EABFB',
+            'series': 'Narrative über den Krieg Russlands gegen die Ukraine (NUK)',
+            'tags': [],
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://www\.bpb\.de/cache/images/4/522184_teaser_16x9_1240\.png.*',
             'title': 'md5:9b01ccdbf58dbf9e5c9f6e771a803b1c',
             'uploader': 'Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung',
         },
@@ -68,11 +54,12 @@ class BpbIE(InfoExtractor):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '518789',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'creator': 'Institute for Strategic Dialogue Germany gGmbH (ISD)',
+            'creators': ['Institute for Strategic Dialogue Germany gGmbH (ISD)'],
             'description': 'md5:85228aed433e84ff0ff9bc582abd4ea8',
             'release_date': '20230302',
-            'tags': ['Desinformation', 'Ukraine', 'Russland', 'Geflüchtete'],
-            'thumbnail': 'https://www.bpb.de/cache/images/9/518789_teaser_16x9_1240.jpeg?56D0D',
+            'series': 'Narrative über den Krieg Russlands gegen die Ukraine (NUK)',
+            'tags': [],
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://www\.bpb\.de/cache/images/9/518789_teaser_16x9_1240\.jpeg.*',
             'title': 'md5:3e956f264bb501f6383f10495a401da4',
             'uploader': 'Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung',
         },
@@ -84,12 +71,12 @@ class BpbIE(InfoExtractor):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '315813',
             'ext': 'mp3',
-            'creator': 'Axel Schröder',
+            'creators': ['Axel Schröder'],
             'description': 'md5:eda9d1af34e5912efef5baf54fba4427',
             'release_date': '20200921',
             'series': 'Auf Endlagersuche. Der deutsche Weg zu einem sicheren Atommülllager',
             'tags': ['Atomenergie', 'Endlager', 'hoch-radioaktiver Abfall', 'Endlagersuche', 'Atommüll', 'Atomendlager', 'Gorleben', 'Deutschland'],
-            'thumbnail': 'https://www.bpb.de/cache/images/3/315813_teaser_16x9_1240.png?92A94',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://www\.bpb\.de/cache/images/3/315813_teaser_16x9_1240\.png.*',
             'title': 'Folge 1: Eine Einführung',
             'uploader': 'Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung',
         },
@@ -98,12 +85,12 @@ class BpbIE(InfoExtractor):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '517806',
             'ext': 'mp3',
-            'creator': 'Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung',
+            'creators': ['Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung'],
             'description': 'md5:594689600e919912aade0b2871cc3fed',
             'release_date': '20230127',
             'series': 'Vorträge des Fachtags "Modernisierer. Grenzgänger. Anstifter. Sechs Jahrzehnte \'Neue Rechte\'"',
             'tags': ['Rechtsextremismus', 'Konservatismus', 'Konservativismus', 'neue Rechte', 'Rechtspopulismus', 'Schnellroda', 'Deutschland'],
-            'thumbnail': 'https://www.bpb.de/cache/images/6/517806_teaser_16x9_1240.png?7A7A0',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://www\.bpb\.de/cache/images/6/517806_teaser_16x9_1240\.png.*',
             'title': 'Die Weltanschauung der "Neuen Rechten"',
             'uploader': 'Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung',
         },
@@ -147,7 +134,7 @@ class BpbIE(InfoExtractor):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
 
-        title_result = traverse_obj(webpage, ({html_get_element(cls='opening-header__title')}, {self._TITLE_RE.match}))
+        title_result = traverse_obj(webpage, ({find_element(cls='opening-header__title')}, {self._TITLE_RE.match}))
         json_lds = list(self._yield_json_ld(webpage, video_id, fatal=False))
 
         return {
@@ -156,15 +143,15 @@ class BpbIE(InfoExtractor):
             # This metadata could be interpreted otherwise, but it fits "series" the most
             'series': traverse_obj(title_result, ('series', {str.strip})) or None,
             'description': join_nonempty(*traverse_obj(webpage, [(
-                {html_get_element(cls='opening-intro')},
-                [{html_get_element(tag='bpb-accordion-item')}, {html_get_element(cls='text-content')}],
+                {find_element(cls='opening-intro')},
+                [{find_element(tag='bpb-accordion-item')}, {find_element(cls='text-content')}],
             ), {clean_html}]), delim='\n\n') or None,
-            'creator': self._html_search_meta('author', webpage),
+            'creators': traverse_obj(self._html_search_meta('author', webpage), all),
             'uploader': self._html_search_meta('publisher', webpage),
             'release_date': unified_strdate(self._html_search_meta('date', webpage)),
             'tags': traverse_obj(json_lds, (..., 'keywords', {lambda x: x.split(',')}, ...)),
             **traverse_obj(self._parse_vue_attributes('bpb-player', webpage, video_id), {
                 'formats': (':sources', ..., {self._process_source}),
-                'thumbnail': ('poster', {lambda x: urljoin(url, x)}),
+                'thumbnail': ('poster', {urljoin(url)}),
             }),
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/bravotv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/bravotv.py
index ec72f0d884..0b2c447987 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/bravotv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/bravotv.py
@@ -145,10 +145,9 @@ class BravoTVIE(AdobePassIE):
         tp_metadata = self._download_json(
             update_url_query(tp_url, {'format': 'preview'}), video_id, fatal=False)
 
-        seconds_or_none = lambda x: float_or_none(x, 1000)
         chapters = traverse_obj(tp_metadata, ('chapters', ..., {
-            'start_time': ('startTime', {seconds_or_none}),
-            'end_time': ('endTime', {seconds_or_none}),
+            'start_time': ('startTime', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
+            'end_time': ('endTime', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
         }))
         # prune pointless single chapters that span the entire duration from short videos
         if len(chapters) == 1 and not traverse_obj(chapters, (0, 'end_time')):
@@ -168,8 +167,8 @@ class BravoTVIE(AdobePassIE):
             **merge_dicts(traverse_obj(tp_metadata, {
                 'title': 'title',
                 'description': 'description',
-                'duration': ('duration', {seconds_or_none}),
-                'timestamp': ('pubDate', {seconds_or_none}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
+                'timestamp': ('pubDate', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'season_number': (('pl1$seasonNumber', 'nbcu$seasonNumber'), {int_or_none}),
                 'episode_number': (('pl1$episodeNumber', 'nbcu$episodeNumber'), {int_or_none}),
                 'series': (('pl1$show', 'nbcu$show'), (None, ...), {str}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/bundestag.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/bundestag.py
index 71f7726659..3dacbbd24a 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/bundestag.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/bundestag.py
@@ -8,11 +8,13 @@ from ..utils import (
     bug_reports_message,
     clean_html,
     format_field,
-    get_element_text_and_html_by_tag,
     int_or_none,
     url_or_none,
 )
-from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+from ..utils.traversal import (
+    find_element,
+    traverse_obj,
+)
 
 
 class BundestagIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -115,9 +117,8 @@ class BundestagIE(InfoExtractor):
             note='Downloading metadata overlay', fatal=False,
         ), {
             'title': (
-                {functools.partial(get_element_text_and_html_by_tag, 'h3')}, 0,
-                {functools.partial(re.sub, r'<span[^>]*>[^<]+</span>', '')}, {clean_html}),
-            'description': ({functools.partial(get_element_text_and_html_by_tag, 'p')}, 0, {clean_html}),
+                {find_element(tag='h3')}, {functools.partial(re.sub, r'<span[^>]*>[^<]+</span>', '')}, {clean_html}),
+            'description': ({find_element(tag='p')}, {clean_html}),
         }))
 
         return result
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/caffeinetv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/caffeinetv.py
index aa107f8585..ea5134d2f3 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/caffeinetv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/caffeinetv.py
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ class CaffeineTVIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'like_count': ('like_count', {int_or_none}),
                 'view_count': ('view_count', {int_or_none}),
                 'comment_count': ('comment_count', {int_or_none}),
-                'tags': ('tags', ..., {str}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'tags': ('tags', ..., {str}, filter),
                 'uploader': ('user', 'name', {str}),
                 'uploader_id': (((None, 'user'), 'username'), {str}, any),
                 'is_live': ('is_live', {bool}),
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ class CaffeineTVIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'title': ('broadcast_title', {str}),
                 'duration': ('content_duration', {int_or_none}),
                 'timestamp': ('broadcast_start_time', {parse_iso8601}),
-                'thumbnail': ('preview_image_path', {lambda x: urljoin(url, x)}),
+                'thumbnail': ('preview_image_path', {urljoin(url)}),
             }),
             'age_limit': {
                 # assume Apple Store ratings: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_software_content_rating_system
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/cbc.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/cbc.py
index b44c23fa10..c0cf3da3de 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/cbc.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/cbc.py
@@ -453,8 +453,8 @@ class CBCPlayerIE(InfoExtractor):
 
         chapters = traverse_obj(data, (
             'media', 'chapters', lambda _, v: float(v['startTime']) is not None, {
-                'start_time': ('startTime', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
-                'end_time': ('endTime', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                'start_time': ('startTime', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
+                'end_time': ('endTime', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'title': ('name', {str}),
             }))
         # Filter out pointless single chapters with start_time==0 and no end_time
@@ -465,8 +465,8 @@ class CBCPlayerIE(InfoExtractor):
             **traverse_obj(data, {
                 'title': ('title', {str}),
                 'description': ('description', {str.strip}),
-                'thumbnail': ('image', 'url', {url_or_none}, {functools.partial(update_url, query=None)}),
-                'timestamp': ('publishedAt', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                'thumbnail': ('image', 'url', {url_or_none}, {update_url(query=None)}),
+                'timestamp': ('publishedAt', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'media_type': ('media', 'clipType', {str}),
                 'series': ('showName', {str}),
                 'season_number': ('media', 'season', {int_or_none}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/cbsnews.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/cbsnews.py
index 972e111190..b01c0efd5d 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/cbsnews.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/cbsnews.py
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ class CBSNewsBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
             **traverse_obj(item, {
                 'title': (None, ('fulltitle', 'title')),
                 'description': 'dek',
-                'timestamp': ('timestamp', {lambda x: float_or_none(x, 1000)}),
+                'timestamp': ('timestamp', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'duration': ('duration', {float_or_none}),
                 'subtitles': ('captions', {get_subtitles}),
                 'thumbnail': ('images', ('hd', 'sd'), {url_or_none}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/ccma.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/ccma.py
index ffe4b49c15..7014c208d4 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/ccma.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/ccma.py
@@ -12,53 +12,86 @@ from ..utils import (
 
 
 class CCMAIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?ccma\.cat/(?:[^/]+/)*?(?P<type>video|audio)/(?P<id>\d+)'
+    IE_DESC = '3Cat, TV3 and Catalunya Ràdio'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?3cat\.cat/(?:3cat|tv3/sx3)/[^/?#]+/(?P<type>video|audio)/(?P<id>\d+)'
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'http://www.ccma.cat/tv3/alacarta/lespot-de-la-marato-de-tv3/lespot-de-la-marato-de-tv3/video/5630208/',
+        # ccma.cat/tv3/alacarta/ URLs redirect to 3cat.cat/3cat/
+        'url': 'https://www.3cat.cat/3cat/lespot-de-la-marato-de-tv3/video/5630208/',
         'md5': '7296ca43977c8ea4469e719c609b0871',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '5630208',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'L\'espot de La Marató de TV3',
+            'title': 'L\'espot de La Marató 2016: Ictus i les lesions medul·lars i cerebrals traumàtiques',
             'description': 'md5:f12987f320e2f6e988e9908e4fe97765',
             'timestamp': 1478608140,
             'upload_date': '20161108',
             'age_limit': 0,
+            'alt_title': 'EsportMarató2016WEB_PerPublicar',
+            'duration': 79,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://img.3cat.cat/multimedia/jpg/4/6/1478536106664.jpg',
+            'series': 'Dedicada a l\'ictus i les lesions medul·lars i cerebrals traumàtiques',
+            'categories': ['Divulgació'],
         },
     }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.ccma.cat/catradio/alacarta/programa/el-consell-de-savis-analitza-el-derbi/audio/943685/',
+        # ccma.cat/catradio/alacarta/ URLs redirect to 3cat.cat/3cat/
+        'url': 'https://www.3cat.cat/3cat/el-consell-de-savis-analitza-el-derbi/audio/943685/',
         'md5': 'fa3e38f269329a278271276330261425',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '943685',
             'ext': 'mp3',
             'title': 'El Consell de Savis analitza el derbi',
             'description': 'md5:e2a3648145f3241cb9c6b4b624033e53',
-            'upload_date': '20170512',
-            'timestamp': 1494622500,
+            'upload_date': '20161217',
+            'timestamp': 1482011700,
             'vcodec': 'none',
             'categories': ['Esports'],
+            'series': 'Tot gira',
+            'duration': 821,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://img.3cat.cat/multimedia/jpg/8/9/1482002602598.jpg',
         },
     }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.ccma.cat/tv3/alacarta/crims/crims-josep-tallada-lespereu-me-capitol-1/video/6031387/',
-        'md5': 'b43c3d3486f430f3032b5b160d80cbc3',
+        'url': 'https://www.3cat.cat/3cat/crims-josep-tallada-lespereu-me-part-1/video/6031387/',
+        'md5': '27493513d08a3e5605814aee9bb778d2',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '6031387',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Crims - Josep Talleda, l\'"Espereu-me" (capítol 1)',
+            'title': 'T1xC5 - Josep Talleda, l\'"Espereu-me" (part 1)',
             'description': 'md5:7cbdafb640da9d0d2c0f62bad1e74e60',
-            'timestamp': 1582577700,
+            'timestamp': 1582577919,
             'upload_date': '20200224',
-            'subtitles': 'mincount:4',
-            'age_limit': 16,
+            'subtitles': 'mincount:1',
+            'age_limit': 13,
             'series': 'Crims',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://img.3cat.cat/multimedia/jpg/1/9/1582564376991.jpg',
+            'duration': 3203,
+            'categories': ['Divulgació'],
+            'alt_title': 'Crims - 5 - Josep Talleda, l\'"Espereu-me" (1a part) - Josep Talleda, l\'"Espereu-me" (part 1)',
+            'episode_number': 5,
+            'episode': 'Episode 5',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.3cat.cat/tv3/sx3/una-mosca-volava-per-la-llum/video/5759227/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '5759227',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Una mosca volava per la llum',
+            'alt_title': '17Z004Ç UNA MOSCA VOLAVA PER LA LLUM',
+            'description': 'md5:9ab64276944b0825336f4147f13f7854',
+            'series': 'Mic',
+            'upload_date': '20180411',
+            'timestamp': 1523440105,
+            'duration': 160,
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://img.3cat.cat/multimedia/jpg/6/1/1524071667216.jpg',
+            'categories': ['Música'],
         },
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        media_type, media_id = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
+        media_type, media_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('type', 'id')
 
         media = self._download_json(
-            'http://dinamics.ccma.cat/pvideo/media.jsp', media_id, query={
+            'http://api-media.3cat.cat/pvideo/media.jsp', media_id, query={
                 'media': media_type,
                 'idint': media_id,
                 'format': 'dm',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/chaturbate.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/chaturbate.py
index b49f741efa..d031d3985e 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/chaturbate.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/chaturbate.py
@@ -5,11 +5,12 @@ from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     lowercase_escape,
     url_or_none,
+    urlencode_postdata,
 )
 
 
 class ChaturbateIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:[^/]+\.)?chaturbate\.com/(?:fullvideo/?\?.*?\bb=)?(?P<id>[^/?&#]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:[^/]+\.)?chaturbate\.(?P<tld>com|eu|global)/(?:fullvideo/?\?.*?\bb=)?(?P<id>[^/?&#]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.chaturbate.com/siswet19/',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -29,16 +30,58 @@ class ChaturbateIE(InfoExtractor):
     }, {
         'url': 'https://en.chaturbate.com/siswet19/',
         'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://chaturbate.eu/siswet19/',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://chaturbate.eu/fullvideo/?b=caylin',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://chaturbate.global/siswet19/',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
-    _ROOM_OFFLINE = 'Room is currently offline'
+    _ERROR_MAP = {
+        'offline': 'Room is currently offline',
+        'private': 'Room is currently in a private show',
+        'away': 'Performer is currently away',
+        'password protected': 'Room is password protected',
+        'hidden': 'Hidden session in progress',
+    }
 
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+    def _extract_from_api(self, video_id, tld):
+        response = self._download_json(
+            f'https://chaturbate.{tld}/get_edge_hls_url_ajax/', video_id,
+            data=urlencode_postdata({'room_slug': video_id}),
+            headers={
+                **self.geo_verification_headers(),
+                'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest',
+                'Accept': 'application/json',
+            }, fatal=False, impersonate=True) or {}
 
+        m3u8_url = response.get('url')
+        if not m3u8_url:
+            status = response.get('room_status')
+            if error := self._ERROR_MAP.get(status):
+                raise ExtractorError(error, expected=True)
+            if status == 'public':
+                self.raise_geo_restricted()
+            self.report_warning(f'Got status "{status}" from API; falling back to webpage extraction')
+            return None
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'title': video_id,
+            'thumbnail': f'https://roomimg.stream.highwebmedia.com/ri/{video_id}.jpg',
+            'is_live': True,
+            'age_limit': 18,
+            'formats': self._extract_m3u8_formats(m3u8_url, video_id, ext='mp4', live=True),
+        }
+
+    def _extract_from_html(self, video_id, tld):
         webpage = self._download_webpage(
-            f'https://chaturbate.com/{video_id}/', video_id,
-            headers=self.geo_verification_headers())
+            f'https://chaturbate.{tld}/{video_id}/', video_id,
+            headers=self.geo_verification_headers(), impersonate=True)
 
         found_m3u8_urls = []
 
@@ -76,8 +119,8 @@ class ChaturbateIE(InfoExtractor):
                 webpage, 'error', group='error', default=None)
             if not error:
                 if any(p in webpage for p in (
-                        self._ROOM_OFFLINE, 'offline_tipping', 'tip_offline')):
-                    error = self._ROOM_OFFLINE
+                        self._ERROR_MAP['offline'], 'offline_tipping', 'tip_offline')):
+                    error = self._ERROR_MAP['offline']
             if error:
                 raise ExtractorError(error, expected=True)
             raise ExtractorError('Unable to find stream URL')
@@ -104,3 +147,7 @@ class ChaturbateIE(InfoExtractor):
             'is_live': True,
             'formats': formats,
         }
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id, tld = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'tld')
+        return self._extract_from_api(video_id, tld) or self._extract_from_html(video_id, tld)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/chzzk.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/chzzk.py
index e0b9980afd..aec77ac454 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/chzzk.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/chzzk.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-import functools
-
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
     UserNotLive,
@@ -77,7 +75,7 @@ class CHZZKLiveIE(InfoExtractor):
             'thumbnails': thumbnails,
             **traverse_obj(live_detail, {
                 'title': ('liveTitle', {str}),
-                'timestamp': ('openDate', {functools.partial(parse_iso8601, delimiter=' ')}),
+                'timestamp': ('openDate', {parse_iso8601(delimiter=' ')}),
                 'concurrent_view_count': ('concurrentUserCount', {int_or_none}),
                 'view_count': ('accumulateCount', {int_or_none}),
                 'channel': ('channel', 'channelName', {str}),
@@ -146,23 +144,37 @@ class CHZZKVideoIE(InfoExtractor):
         video_meta = self._download_json(
             f'https://api.chzzk.naver.com/service/v3/videos/{video_id}', video_id,
             note='Downloading video info', errnote='Unable to download video info')['content']
-        formats, subtitles = self._extract_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(
-            f'https://apis.naver.com/neonplayer/vodplay/v1/playback/{video_meta["videoId"]}', video_id,
-            query={
-                'key': video_meta['inKey'],
-                'env': 'real',
-                'lc': 'en_US',
-                'cpl': 'en_US',
-            }, note='Downloading video playback', errnote='Unable to download video playback')
+
+        live_status = 'was_live' if video_meta.get('liveOpenDate') else 'not_live'
+        video_status = video_meta.get('vodStatus')
+        if video_status == 'UPLOAD':
+            playback = self._parse_json(video_meta['liveRewindPlaybackJson'], video_id)
+            formats, subtitles = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                playback['media'][0]['path'], video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls')
+        elif video_status == 'ABR_HLS':
+            formats, subtitles = self._extract_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(
+                f'https://apis.naver.com/neonplayer/vodplay/v1/playback/{video_meta["videoId"]}',
+                video_id, query={
+                    'key': video_meta['inKey'],
+                    'env': 'real',
+                    'lc': 'en_US',
+                    'cpl': 'en_US',
+                })
+        else:
+            self.raise_no_formats(
+                f'Unknown video status detected: "{video_status}"', expected=True, video_id=video_id)
+            formats, subtitles = [], {}
+            live_status = 'post_live' if live_status == 'was_live' else None
 
         return {
             'id': video_id,
             'formats': formats,
             'subtitles': subtitles,
+            'live_status': live_status,
             **traverse_obj(video_meta, {
                 'title': ('videoTitle', {str}),
                 'thumbnail': ('thumbnailImageUrl', {url_or_none}),
-                'timestamp': ('publishDateAt', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                'timestamp': ('publishDateAt', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'view_count': ('readCount', {int_or_none}),
                 'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none}),
                 'channel': ('channel', 'channelName', {str}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/cineverse.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/cineverse.py
index c8c6c48c27..124c874e2c 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/cineverse.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/cineverse.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import re
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
     filter_dict,
+    float_or_none,
     int_or_none,
     parse_age_limit,
     smuggle_url,
@@ -85,7 +86,7 @@ class CineverseIE(CineverseBaseIE):
                 'title': 'title',
                 'id': ('details', 'item_id'),
                 'description': ('details', 'description'),
-                'duration': ('duration', {lambda x: x / 1000}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'cast': ('details', 'cast', {lambda x: x.split(', ')}),
                 'modified_timestamp': ('details', 'updated_by', 0, 'update_time', 'time', {int_or_none}),
                 'season_number': ('details', 'season', {int_or_none}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/cloudflarestream.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/cloudflarestream.py
index 8a409461a8..9e9e89a801 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/cloudflarestream.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/cloudflarestream.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ class CloudflareStreamIE(InfoExtractor):
     _DOMAIN_RE = r'(?:cloudflarestream\.com|(?:videodelivery|bytehighway)\.net)'
     _EMBED_RE = rf'(?:embed\.|{_SUBDOMAIN_RE}){_DOMAIN_RE}/embed/[^/?#]+\.js\?(?:[^#]+&)?video='
     _ID_RE = r'[\da-f]{32}|eyJ[\w-]+\.[\w-]+\.[\w-]+'
-    _VALID_URL = rf'https?://(?:{_SUBDOMAIN_RE}{_DOMAIN_RE}/|{_EMBED_RE})(?P<id>{_ID_RE})'
+    _VALID_URL = rf'https?://(?:{_SUBDOMAIN_RE}(?P<domain>{_DOMAIN_RE})/|{_EMBED_RE})(?P<id>{_ID_RE})'
     _EMBED_REGEX = [
         rf'<script[^>]+\bsrc=(["\'])(?P<url>(?:https?:)?//{_EMBED_RE}(?:{_ID_RE})(?:(?!\1).)*)\1',
         rf'<iframe[^>]+\bsrc=["\'](?P<url>https?://{_SUBDOMAIN_RE}{_DOMAIN_RE}/[\da-f]{{32}})',
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ class CloudflareStreamIE(InfoExtractor):
             'id': '31c9291ab41fac05471db4e73aa11717',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': '31c9291ab41fac05471db4e73aa11717',
-            'thumbnail': 'https://videodelivery.net/31c9291ab41fac05471db4e73aa11717/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://cloudflarestream.com/31c9291ab41fac05471db4e73aa11717/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg',
         },
         'params': {
             'skip_download': 'm3u8',
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ class CloudflareStreamIE(InfoExtractor):
             'id': '0e8e040aec776862e1d632a699edf59e',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': '0e8e040aec776862e1d632a699edf59e',
-            'thumbnail': 'https://videodelivery.net/0e8e040aec776862e1d632a699edf59e/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://cloudflarestream.com/0e8e040aec776862e1d632a699edf59e/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg',
         },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://watch.cloudflarestream.com/9df17203414fd1db3e3ed74abbe936c1',
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ class CloudflareStreamIE(InfoExtractor):
             'id': 'eaef9dea5159cf968be84241b5cedfe7',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'eaef9dea5159cf968be84241b5cedfe7',
-            'thumbnail': 'https://videodelivery.net/eaef9dea5159cf968be84241b5cedfe7/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://cloudflarestream.com/eaef9dea5159cf968be84241b5cedfe7/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg',
         },
         'params': {
             'skip_download': 'm3u8',
@@ -62,8 +62,9 @@ class CloudflareStreamIE(InfoExtractor):
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        video_id = self._match_id(url)
-        domain = 'bytehighway.net' if 'bytehighway.net/' in url else 'videodelivery.net'
+        video_id, domain = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'domain')
+        if domain != 'bytehighway.net':
+            domain = 'cloudflarestream.com'
         base_url = f'https://{domain}/{video_id}/'
         if '.' in video_id:
             video_id = self._parse_json(base64.urlsafe_b64decode(
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/cnn.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/cnn.py
index fe7615a891..8148762c54 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/cnn.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/cnn.py
@@ -1,146 +1,225 @@
+import json
+import re
+
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from .turner import TurnerBaseIE
-from ..utils import merge_dicts, try_call, url_basename
+from ..utils import (
+    clean_html,
+    extract_attributes,
+    int_or_none,
+    merge_dicts,
+    parse_duration,
+    parse_iso8601,
+    parse_resolution,
+    try_call,
+    update_url,
+    url_or_none,
+)
+from ..utils.traversal import find_elements, traverse_obj
 
 
-class CNNIE(TurnerBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)https?://(?:(?P<sub_domain>edition|www|money)\.)?cnn\.com/(?:video/(?:data/.+?|\?)/)?videos?/
-        (?P<path>.+?/(?P<title>[^/]+?)(?:\.(?:[a-z\-]+)|(?=&)))'''
+class CNNIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:(?:edition|www|money|cnnespanol)\.)?cnn\.com/(?!audio/)(?P<display_id>[^?#]+?)(?:[?#]|$|/index\.html)'
 
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'http://edition.cnn.com/video/?/video/sports/2013/06/09/nadal-1-on-1.cnn',
-        'md5': '3e6121ea48df7e2259fe73a0628605c4',
+        'url': 'https://www.cnn.com/2024/05/31/sport/video/jadon-sancho-borussia-dortmund-champions-league-exclusive-spt-intl',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'sports/2013/06/09/nadal-1-on-1.cnn',
+            'id': 'med0e97ad0d154f56e29aa96e57192a14226734b6b',
+            'display_id': '2024/05/31/sport/video/jadon-sancho-borussia-dortmund-champions-league-exclusive-spt-intl',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Nadal wins 8th French Open title',
-            'description': 'World Sport\'s Amanda Davies chats with 2013 French Open champion Rafael Nadal.',
-            'duration': 135,
-            'upload_date': '20130609',
+            'upload_date': '20240531',
+            'description': 'md5:844bcdb0629e1877a7a466c913f4c19c',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://media.cnn.com/api/v1/images/stellar/prod/gettyimages-2151936122.jpg?c=original',
+            'duration': 373.0,
+            'timestamp': 1717148586,
+            'title': 'Borussia Dortmund star Jadon Sancho seeks Wembley redemption after 2020 Euros hurt',
+            'modified_date': '20240531',
+            'modified_timestamp': 1717150140,
         },
-        'expected_warnings': ['Failed to download m3u8 information'],
     }, {
-        'url': 'http://edition.cnn.com/video/?/video/us/2013/08/21/sot-student-gives-epic-speech.georgia-institute-of-technology&utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+rss%2Fcnn_topstories+%28RSS%3A+Top+Stories%29',
-        'md5': 'b5cc60c60a3477d185af8f19a2a26f4e',
+        'url': 'https://edition.cnn.com/2024/06/11/politics/video/inmates-vote-jail-nevada-murray-dnt-ac360-digvid',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'us/2013/08/21/sot-student-gives-epic-speech.georgia-institute-of-technology',
+            'id': 'me522945c4709b299e5cb8657900a7a21ad3b559f9',
+            'display_id': '2024/06/11/politics/video/inmates-vote-jail-nevada-murray-dnt-ac360-digvid',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': "Student's epic speech stuns new freshmen",
-            'description': 'A Georgia Tech student welcomes the incoming freshmen with an epic speech backed by music from "2001: A Space Odyssey."',
-            'upload_date': '20130821',
+            'description': 'md5:e0120fe5da9ad8259fd707c1cbb64a60',
+            'title': 'Here’s how some inmates in closely divided state are now able to vote from jail',
+            'timestamp': 1718158269,
+            'upload_date': '20240612',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://media.cnn.com/api/v1/images/stellar/prod/still-20701554-13565-571-still.jpg?c=original',
+            'duration': 202.0,
+            'modified_date': '20240612',
+            'modified_timestamp': 1718158509,
         },
-        'expected_warnings': ['Failed to download m3u8 information'],
     }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/living/2014/12/22/growing-america-nashville-salemtown-board-episode-1.hln.html',
-        'md5': 'f14d02ebd264df951feb2400e2c25a1b',
+        'url': 'https://edition.cnn.com/2024/06/11/style/king-charles-portrait-vandalized/index.html',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'living/2014/12/22/growing-america-nashville-salemtown-board-episode-1.hln',
+            'id': 'mef5f52b9e1fe28b1ad192afcbc9206ae984894b68',
+            'display_id': '2024/06/11/style/king-charles-portrait-vandalized',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Nashville Ep. 1: Hand crafted skateboards',
-            'description': 'md5:e7223a503315c9f150acac52e76de086',
-            'upload_date': '20141222',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://media.cnn.com/api/v1/images/stellar/prod/still-20701257-8846-816-still.jpg?c=original',
+            'description': 'md5:19f78338ccec533db0fa8a4511012dae',
+            'title': 'Video shows King Charles\' portrait being vandalized by activists',
+            'timestamp': 1718113852,
+            'upload_date': '20240611',
+            'duration': 51.0,
+            'modified_timestamp': 1718116193,
+            'modified_date': '20240611',
         },
-        'expected_warnings': ['Failed to download m3u8 information'],
     }, {
-        'url': 'http://money.cnn.com/video/news/2016/08/19/netflix-stunning-stats.cnnmoney/index.html',
-        'md5': '52a515dc1b0f001cd82e4ceda32be9d1',
+        'url': 'https://edition.cnn.com/videos/media/2022/12/05/robin-meade-final-sign-off-broadcast-hln-mxp-contd-vpx.hln',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '/video/news/2016/08/19/netflix-stunning-stats.cnnmoney',
+            'id': 'mefba13799201b084ea3b1d0f7ca820ae94d4bb5b2',
+            'display_id': 'videos/media/2022/12/05/robin-meade-final-sign-off-broadcast-hln-mxp-contd-vpx.hln',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': '5 stunning stats about Netflix',
-            'description': 'Did you know that Netflix has more than 80 million members? Here are five facts about the online video distributor that you probably didn\'t know.',
-            'upload_date': '20160819',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://media.cnn.com/api/v1/images/stellar/prod/221205163510-robin-meade-sign-off.jpg?c=original',
+            'duration': 158.0,
+            'title': 'Robin Meade signs off after HLN\'s last broadcast',
+            'description': 'md5:cff3c62d18d2fbc6c5c75cb029b7353b',
+            'upload_date': '20221205',
+            'timestamp': 1670284296,
+            'modified_timestamp': 1670332404,
+            'modified_date': '20221206',
         },
-        'params': {
-            # m3u8 download
-            'skip_download': True,
+        'params': {'format': 'direct'},
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://cnnespanol.cnn.com/video/ataque-misil-israel-beirut-libano-octubre-trax',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'me484a43722642aa00627b812fe928f2e99c6e2997',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'display_id': 'video/ataque-misil-israel-beirut-libano-octubre-trax',
+            'timestamp': 1729501452,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://media.cnn.com/api/v1/images/stellar/prod/ataqeubeirut-1.jpg?c=original',
+            'description': 'md5:256ee7137d161f776cda429654135e52',
+            'upload_date': '20241021',
+            'duration': 31.0,
+            'title': 'VIDEO | Israel lanza un nuevo ataque sobre Beirut',
+            'modified_date': '20241021',
+            'modified_timestamp': 1729501530,
         },
     }, {
-        'url': 'http://cnn.com/video/?/video/politics/2015/03/27/pkg-arizona-senator-church-attendance-mandatory.ktvk',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://cnn.com/video/?/video/us/2015/04/06/dnt-baker-refuses-anti-gay-order.wkmg',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://edition.cnn.com/videos/arts/2016/04/21/olympic-games-cultural-a-z-brazil.cnn',
-        'only_matching': True,
+        'url': 'https://edition.cnn.com/2024/10/16/politics/kamala-harris-fox-news-interview/index.html',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '2024/10/16/politics/kamala-harris-fox-news-interview',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 2,
+        'playlist': [{
+            'md5': '073ffab87b8bef97c9913e71cc18ef9e',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'me19d548fdd54df0924087039283128ef473ab397d',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': '\'I\'m not finished\': Harris interview with Fox News gets heated',
+                'display_id': 'kamala-harris-fox-news-interview-ebof-digvid',
+                'description': 'md5:e7dd3d1a04df916062230b60ca419a0a',
+                'thumbnail': 'https://media.cnn.com/api/v1/images/stellar/prod/harris-20241016234916617.jpg?c=original',
+                'duration': 173.0,
+                'timestamp': 1729122182,
+                'upload_date': '20241016',
+                'modified_timestamp': 1729194706,
+                'modified_date': '20241017',
+            },
+            'params': {'format': 'direct'},
+        }, {
+            'md5': '11604ab4af83b650826753f1ccb8ecff',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'med04507d8ca3da827001f63d22af321ec29c7d97b',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': '\'Wise\': Buttigieg on Harris\' handling of interview question about gender transition surgery',
+                'display_id': 'pete-buttigieg-harris-fox-newssrc-digvid',
+                'description': 'md5:602a8a7e853ed5e574acd3159428c98e',
+                'thumbnail': 'https://media.cnn.com/api/v1/images/stellar/prod/buttigieg-20241017040412074.jpg?c=original',
+                'duration': 145.0,
+                'timestamp': 1729137765,
+                'upload_date': '20241017',
+                'modified_timestamp': 1729138184,
+                'modified_date': '20241017',
+            },
+            'params': {'format': 'direct'},
+        }],
     }]
 
-    _CONFIG = {
-        # http://edition.cnn.com/.element/apps/cvp/3.0/cfg/spider/cnn/expansion/config.xml
-        'edition': {
-            'data_src': 'http://edition.cnn.com/video/data/3.0/video/%s/index.xml',
-            'media_src': 'http://pmd.cdn.turner.com/cnn/big',
-        },
-        # http://money.cnn.com/.element/apps/cvp2/cfg/config.xml
-        'money': {
-            'data_src': 'http://money.cnn.com/video/data/4.0/video/%s.xml',
-            'media_src': 'http://ht3.cdn.turner.com/money/big',
-        },
-    }
-
-    def _extract_timestamp(self, video_data):
-        # TODO: fix timestamp extraction
-        return None
-
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        sub_domain, path, page_title = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
-        if sub_domain not in ('money', 'edition'):
-            sub_domain = 'edition'
-        config = self._CONFIG[sub_domain]
-        return self._extract_cvp_info(
-            config['data_src'] % path, page_title, {
-                'default': {
-                    'media_src': config['media_src'],
-                },
-                'f4m': {
-                    'host': 'cnn-vh.akamaihd.net',
-                },
+        display_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('display_id')
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
+        app_id = traverse_obj(
+            self._search_json(r'window\.env\s*=', webpage, 'window env', display_id, default={}),
+            ('TOP_AUTH_SERVICE_APP_ID', {str}))
+
+        entries = []
+        for player_data in traverse_obj(webpage, (
+                {find_elements(tag='div', attr='data-component-name', value='video-player', html=True)},
+                ..., {extract_attributes}, all, lambda _, v: v['data-media-id'])):
+            media_id = player_data['data-media-id']
+            parent_uri = player_data.get('data-video-resource-parent-uri')
+            formats, subtitles = [], {}
+
+            video_data = {}
+            if parent_uri:
+                video_data = self._download_json(
+                    'https://fave.api.cnn.io/v1/video', media_id, fatal=False,
+                    query={
+                        'id': media_id,
+                        'stellarUri': parent_uri,
+                    })
+                for direct_url in traverse_obj(video_data, ('files', ..., 'fileUri', {url_or_none})):
+                    resolution, bitrate = None, None
+                    if mobj := re.search(r'-(?P<res>\d+x\d+)_(?P<tbr>\d+)k\.mp4', direct_url):
+                        resolution, bitrate = mobj.group('res', 'tbr')
+                    formats.append({
+                        'url': direct_url,
+                        'format_id': 'direct',
+                        'quality': 1,
+                        'tbr': int_or_none(bitrate),
+                        **parse_resolution(resolution),
+                    })
+                for sub_data in traverse_obj(video_data, (
+                        'closedCaptions', 'types', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['track']['url']), 'track')):
+                    subtitles.setdefault(sub_data.get('lang') or 'en', []).append({
+                        'url': sub_data['url'],
+                        'name': sub_data.get('label'),
+                    })
+
+            if app_id:
+                media_data = self._download_json(
+                    f'https://medium.ngtv.io/v2/media/{media_id}/desktop', media_id, fatal=False,
+                    query={'appId': app_id})
+                m3u8_url = traverse_obj(media_data, (
+                    'media', 'desktop', 'unprotected', 'unencrypted', 'url', {url_or_none}))
+                if m3u8_url:
+                    fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                        m3u8_url, media_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False)
+                    formats.extend(fmts)
+                    self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
+
+            entries.append({
+                **traverse_obj(player_data, {
+                    'title': ('data-headline', {clean_html}),
+                    'description': ('data-description', {clean_html}),
+                    'duration': ('data-duration', {parse_duration}),
+                    'timestamp': ('data-publish-date', {parse_iso8601}),
+                    'thumbnail': (
+                        'data-poster-image-override', {json.loads}, 'big', 'uri', {url_or_none},
+                        {update_url(query='c=original')}),
+                    'display_id': 'data-video-slug',
+                }),
+                **traverse_obj(video_data, {
+                    'timestamp': ('dateCreated', 'uts', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
+                    'description': ('description', {clean_html}),
+                    'title': ('headline', {str}),
+                    'modified_timestamp': ('lastModified', 'uts', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
+                    'duration': ('trt', {int_or_none}),
+                }),
+                'id': media_id,
+                'formats': formats,
+                'subtitles': subtitles,
             })
 
+        if len(entries) == 1:
+            return {
+                **entries[0],
+                'display_id': display_id,
+            }
 
-class CNNBlogsIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://[^\.]+\.blogs\.cnn\.com/.+'
-    _TEST = {
-        'url': 'http://reliablesources.blogs.cnn.com/2014/02/09/criminalizing-journalism/',
-        'md5': '3e56f97b0b6ffb4b79f4ea0749551084',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'bestoftv/2014/02/09/criminalizing-journalism.cnn',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Criminalizing journalism?',
-            'description': 'Glenn Greenwald responds to comments made this week on Capitol Hill that journalists could be criminal accessories.',
-            'upload_date': '20140209',
-        },
-        'expected_warnings': ['Failed to download m3u8 information'],
-        'add_ie': ['CNN'],
-    }
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, url_basename(url))
-        cnn_url = self._html_search_regex(r'data-url="(.+?)"', webpage, 'cnn url')
-        return self.url_result(cnn_url, CNNIE.ie_key())
-
-
-class CNNArticleIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:(?:edition|www)\.)?cnn\.com/(?!videos?/)'
-    _TEST = {
-        'url': 'http://www.cnn.com/2014/12/21/politics/obama-north-koreas-hack-not-war-but-cyber-vandalism/',
-        'md5': '689034c2a3d9c6dc4aa72d65a81efd01',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'bestoftv/2014/12/21/ip-north-korea-obama.cnn',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Obama: Cyberattack not an act of war',
-            'description': 'md5:0a802a40d2376f60e6b04c8d5bcebc4b',
-            'upload_date': '20141221',
-        },
-        'expected_warnings': ['Failed to download m3u8 information'],
-        'add_ie': ['CNN'],
-    }
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, url_basename(url))
-        cnn_url = self._html_search_regex(r"video:\s*'([^']+)'", webpage, 'cnn url')
-        return self.url_result('http://cnn.com/video/?/video/' + cnn_url, CNNIE.ie_key())
+        return self.playlist_result(entries, display_id)
 
 
 class CNNIndonesiaIE(InfoExtractor):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/common.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/common.py
index 795105b7d8..92ddad2b76 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/common.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/common.py
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ import xml.etree.ElementTree
 from ..compat import (
     compat_etree_fromstring,
     compat_expanduser,
-    compat_os_name,
     urllib_req_to_req,
 )
 from ..cookies import LenientSimpleCookie
@@ -47,6 +46,7 @@ from ..utils import (
     FormatSorter,
     GeoRestrictedError,
     GeoUtils,
+    ISO639Utils,
     LenientJSONDecoder,
     Popen,
     RegexNotFoundError,
@@ -278,6 +278,7 @@ class InfoExtractor:
     thumbnails:     A list of dictionaries, with the following entries:
                         * "id" (optional, string) - Thumbnail format ID
                         * "url"
+                        * "ext" (optional, string) - actual image extension if not given in URL
                         * "preference" (optional, int) - quality of the image
                         * "width" (optional, int)
                         * "height" (optional, int)
@@ -1027,7 +1028,7 @@ class InfoExtractor:
         filename = sanitize_filename(f'{basen}.dump', restricted=True)
         # Working around MAX_PATH limitation on Windows (see
         # http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa365247(v=vs.85).aspx)
-        if compat_os_name == 'nt':
+        if os.name == 'nt':
             absfilepath = os.path.abspath(filename)
             if len(absfilepath) > 259:
                 filename = fR'\\?\{absfilepath}'
@@ -1408,6 +1409,13 @@ class InfoExtractor:
             return None, None
 
         self.write_debug(f'Using netrc for {netrc_machine} authentication')
+
+        # compat: <=py3.10: netrc cannot parse tokens as empty strings, will return `""` instead
+        # Ref: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11413
+        #      https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/15409c720be0503131713e3d3abc1acd0da07378
+        if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
+            return tuple(x if x != '""' else '' for x in info[::2])
+
         return info[0], info[2]
 
     def _get_login_info(self, username_option='username', password_option='password', netrc_machine=None):
@@ -1570,7 +1578,9 @@ class InfoExtractor:
         if default is not NO_DEFAULT:
             fatal = False
         for mobj in re.finditer(JSON_LD_RE, html):
-            json_ld_item = self._parse_json(mobj.group('json_ld'), video_id, fatal=fatal)
+            json_ld_item = self._parse_json(
+                mobj.group('json_ld'), video_id, fatal=fatal,
+                errnote=False if default is not NO_DEFAULT else None)
             for json_ld in variadic(json_ld_item):
                 if isinstance(json_ld, dict):
                     yield json_ld
@@ -1844,12 +1854,26 @@ class InfoExtractor:
 
     @staticmethod
     def _remove_duplicate_formats(formats):
-        format_urls = set()
+        seen_urls = set()
+        seen_fragment_urls = set()
         unique_formats = []
         for f in formats:
-            if f['url'] not in format_urls:
-                format_urls.add(f['url'])
+            fragments = f.get('fragments')
+            if callable(fragments):
                 unique_formats.append(f)
+
+            elif fragments:
+                fragment_urls = frozenset(
+                    fragment.get('url') or urljoin(f['fragment_base_url'], fragment['path'])
+                    for fragment in fragments)
+                if fragment_urls not in seen_fragment_urls:
+                    seen_fragment_urls.add(fragment_urls)
+                    unique_formats.append(f)
+
+            elif f['url'] not in seen_urls:
+                seen_urls.add(f['url'])
+                unique_formats.append(f)
+
         formats[:] = unique_formats
 
     def _is_valid_url(self, url, video_id, item='video', headers={}):
@@ -3071,7 +3095,11 @@ class InfoExtractor:
             url_pattern = stream.attrib['Url']
             stream_timescale = int_or_none(stream.get('TimeScale')) or timescale
             stream_name = stream.get('Name')
-            stream_language = stream.get('Language', 'und')
+            # IsmFD expects ISO 639 Set 2 language codes (3-character length)
+            # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11356
+            stream_language = stream.get('Language') or 'und'
+            if len(stream_language) != 3:
+                stream_language = ISO639Utils.short2long(stream_language) or 'und'
             for track in stream.findall('QualityLevel'):
                 KNOWN_TAGS = {'255': 'AACL', '65534': 'EC-3'}
                 fourcc = track.get('FourCC') or KNOWN_TAGS.get(track.get('AudioTag'))
@@ -3753,7 +3781,7 @@ class InfoExtractor:
         """ Merge subtitle dictionaries, language by language. """
         if target is None:
             target = {}
-        for d in dicts:
+        for d in filter(None, dicts):
             for lang, subs in d.items():
                 target[lang] = cls._merge_subtitle_items(target.get(lang, []), subs)
         return target
@@ -3775,7 +3803,7 @@ class InfoExtractor:
     def mark_watched(self, *args, **kwargs):
         if not self.get_param('mark_watched', False):
             return
-        if self.supports_login() and self._get_login_info()[0] is not None or self._cookies_passed:
+        if (self.supports_login() and self._get_login_info()[0] is not None) or self._cookies_passed:
             self._mark_watched(*args, **kwargs)
 
     def _mark_watched(self, *args, **kwargs):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/condenast.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/condenast.py
index 9c02cd3429..0c84cfdab7 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/condenast.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/condenast.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from ..utils import (
     parse_iso8601,
     strip_or_none,
     try_get,
+    urljoin,
 )
 
 
@@ -112,8 +113,7 @@ class CondeNastIE(InfoExtractor):
         m_paths = re.finditer(
             r'(?s)<p class="cne-thumb-title">.*?<a href="(/watch/.+?)["\?]', webpage)
         paths = orderedSet(m.group(1) for m in m_paths)
-        build_url = lambda path: urllib.parse.urljoin(base_url, path)
-        entries = [self.url_result(build_url(path), 'CondeNast') for path in paths]
+        entries = [self.url_result(urljoin(base_url, path), 'CondeNast') for path in paths]
         return self.playlist_result(entries, playlist_title=title)
 
     def _extract_video_params(self, webpage, display_id):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/crunchyroll.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/crunchyroll.py
index 1b124c6557..8faed179b7 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/crunchyroll.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/crunchyroll.py
@@ -456,7 +456,7 @@ class CrunchyrollBetaIE(CrunchyrollCmsBaseIE):
                 }),
             }),
             **traverse_obj(metadata, {
-                'duration': ('duration_ms', {lambda x: float_or_none(x, 1000)}),
+                'duration': ('duration_ms', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'timestamp': ('upload_date', {parse_iso8601}),
                 'series': ('series_title', {str}),
                 'series_id': ('series_id', {str}),
@@ -484,7 +484,7 @@ class CrunchyrollBetaIE(CrunchyrollCmsBaseIE):
                 }),
             }),
             **traverse_obj(metadata, {
-                'duration': ('duration_ms', {lambda x: float_or_none(x, 1000)}),
+                'duration': ('duration_ms', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'age_limit': ('maturity_ratings', -1, {parse_age_limit}),
             }),
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/ctvnews.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/ctvnews.py
index ebed9eb2d3..6d33f85e4a 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/ctvnews.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/ctvnews.py
@@ -1,14 +1,27 @@
+import json
 import re
+import urllib.parse
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import orderedSet
+from .ninecninemedia import NineCNineMediaIE
+from ..utils import extract_attributes, orderedSet
+from ..utils.traversal import find_element, traverse_obj
 
 
 class CTVNewsIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:.+?\.)?ctvnews\.ca/(?:video\?(?:clip|playlist|bin)Id=|.*?)(?P<id>[0-9.]+)'
+    _BASE_REGEX = r'https?://(?:[^.]+\.)?ctvnews\.ca/'
+    _VIDEO_ID_RE = r'(?P<id>\d{5,})'
+    _PLAYLIST_ID_RE = r'(?P<id>\d\.\d{5,})'
+    _VALID_URL = [
+        rf'{_BASE_REGEX}video/c{_VIDEO_ID_RE}',
+        rf'{_BASE_REGEX}video(?:-gallery)?/?\?clipId={_VIDEO_ID_RE}',
+        rf'{_BASE_REGEX}video/?\?(?:playlist|bin)Id={_PLAYLIST_ID_RE}',
+        rf'{_BASE_REGEX}(?!video/)[^?#]*?{_PLAYLIST_ID_RE}/?(?:$|[?#])',
+        rf'{_BASE_REGEX}(?!video/)[^?#]+\?binId={_PLAYLIST_ID_RE}',
+    ]
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'http://www.ctvnews.ca/video?clipId=901995',
-        'md5': '9b8624ba66351a23e0b6e1391971f9af',
+        'md5': 'b608f466c7fa24b9666c6439d766ab7e',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '901995',
             'ext': 'flv',
@@ -16,6 +29,33 @@ class CTVNewsIE(InfoExtractor):
             'description': 'md5:958dd3b4f5bbbf0ed4d045c790d89285',
             'timestamp': 1467286284,
             'upload_date': '20160630',
+            'categories': [],
+            'season_number': 0,
+            'season': 'Season 0',
+            'tags': [],
+            'series': 'CTV News National | Archive | Stories 2',
+            'season_id': '57981',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.*\.jpg$',
+            'duration': 764.631,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://barrie.ctvnews.ca/video/c3030933-here_s-what_s-making-news-for-nov--15?binId=1272429',
+        'md5': '8b8c2b33c5c1803e3c26bc74ff8694d5',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3030933',
+            'ext': 'flv',
+            'title': 'Here’s what’s making news for Nov. 15',
+            'description': 'Here are the top stories we’re working on for CTV News at 11 for Nov. 15',
+            'thumbnail': 'http://images2.9c9media.com/image_asset/2021_2_22_a602e68e-1514-410e-a67a-e1f7cccbacab_png_2000x1125.jpg',
+            'season_id': '58104',
+            'season_number': 0,
+            'tags': [],
+            'season': 'Season 0',
+            'categories': [],
+            'series': 'CTV News Barrie',
+            'upload_date': '20241116',
+            'duration': 42.943,
+            'timestamp': 1731722452,
         },
     }, {
         'url': 'http://www.ctvnews.ca/video?playlistId=1.2966224',
@@ -31,6 +71,72 @@ class CTVNewsIE(InfoExtractor):
             'id': '1.2876780',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 100,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.ctvnews.ca/it-s-been-23-years-since-toronto-called-in-the-army-after-a-major-snowstorm-1.5736957',
+        'info_dict':
+        {
+            'id': '1.5736957',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 6,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.ctvnews.ca/business/respondents-to-bank-of-canada-questionnaire-largely-oppose-creating-a-digital-loonie-1.6665797',
+        'md5': '24bc4b88cdc17d8c3fc01dfc228ab72c',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '2695026',
+            'ext': 'flv',
+            'season_id': '89852',
+            'series': 'From CTV News Channel',
+            'description': 'md5:796a985a23cacc7e1e2fafefd94afd0a',
+            'season': '2023',
+            'title': 'Bank of Canada asks public about digital currency',
+            'categories': [],
+            'tags': [],
+            'upload_date': '20230526',
+            'season_number': 2023,
+            'thumbnail': 'http://images2.9c9media.com/image_asset/2019_3_28_35f5afc3-10f6-4d92-b194-8b9a86f55c6a_png_1920x1080.jpg',
+            'timestamp': 1685105157,
+            'duration': 253.553,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://stox.ctvnews.ca/video-gallery?clipId=582589',
+        'md5': '135cc592df607d29dddc931f1b756ae2',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '582589',
+            'ext': 'flv',
+            'categories': [],
+            'timestamp': 1427906183,
+            'season_number': 0,
+            'duration': 125.559,
+            'thumbnail': 'http://images2.9c9media.com/image_asset/2019_3_28_35f5afc3-10f6-4d92-b194-8b9a86f55c6a_png_1920x1080.jpg',
+            'series': 'CTV News Stox',
+            'description': 'CTV original footage of the rise and fall of the Berlin Wall.',
+            'title': 'Berlin Wall',
+            'season_id': '63817',
+            'season': 'Season 0',
+            'tags': [],
+            'upload_date': '20150401',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://ottawa.ctvnews.ca/features/regional-contact/regional-contact-archive?binId=1.1164587#3023759',
+        'md5': 'a14c0603557decc6531260791c23cc5e',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3023759',
+            'ext': 'flv',
+            'season_number': 2024,
+            'timestamp': 1731798000,
+            'season': '2024',
+            'episode': 'Episode 125',
+            'description': 'CTV News Ottawa at Six',
+            'duration': 2712.076,
+            'episode_number': 125,
+            'upload_date': '20241116',
+            'title': 'CTV News Ottawa at Six for Saturday, November 16, 2024',
+            'thumbnail': 'http://images2.9c9media.com/image_asset/2019_3_28_35f5afc3-10f6-4d92-b194-8b9a86f55c6a_png_1920x1080.jpg',
+            'categories': [],
+            'tags': [],
+            'series': 'CTV News Ottawa at Six',
+            'season_id': '92667',
+        },
     }, {
         'url': 'http://www.ctvnews.ca/1.810401',
         'only_matching': True,
@@ -42,29 +148,35 @@ class CTVNewsIE(InfoExtractor):
         'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
+    def _ninecninemedia_url_result(self, clip_id):
+        return self.url_result(f'9c9media:ctvnews_web:{clip_id}', NineCNineMediaIE, clip_id)
+
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         page_id = self._match_id(url)
 
-        def ninecninemedia_url_result(clip_id):
-            return {
-                '_type': 'url_transparent',
-                'id': clip_id,
-                'url': f'9c9media:ctvnews_web:{clip_id}',
-                'ie_key': 'NineCNineMedia',
-            }
+        if mobj := re.fullmatch(self._VIDEO_ID_RE, urllib.parse.urlparse(url).fragment):
+            page_id = mobj.group('id')
 
-        if page_id.isdigit():
-            return ninecninemedia_url_result(page_id)
-        else:
-            webpage = self._download_webpage(f'http://www.ctvnews.ca/{page_id}', page_id, query={
-                'ot': 'example.AjaxPageLayout.ot',
-                'maxItemsPerPage': 1000000,
-            })
-            entries = [ninecninemedia_url_result(clip_id) for clip_id in orderedSet(
-                re.findall(r'clip\.id\s*=\s*(\d+);', webpage))]
-            if not entries:
-                webpage = self._download_webpage(url, page_id)
-                if 'getAuthStates("' in webpage:
-                    entries = [ninecninemedia_url_result(clip_id) for clip_id in
-                               self._search_regex(r'getAuthStates\("([\d+,]+)"', webpage, 'clip ids').split(',')]
-            return self.playlist_result(entries, page_id)
+        if re.fullmatch(self._VIDEO_ID_RE, page_id):
+            return self._ninecninemedia_url_result(page_id)
+
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(f'https://www.ctvnews.ca/{page_id}', page_id, query={
+            'ot': 'example.AjaxPageLayout.ot',
+            'maxItemsPerPage': 1000000,
+        })
+        entries = [self._ninecninemedia_url_result(clip_id)
+                   for clip_id in orderedSet(re.findall(r'clip\.id\s*=\s*(\d+);', webpage))]
+        if not entries:
+            webpage = self._download_webpage(url, page_id)
+            if 'getAuthStates("' in webpage:
+                entries = [self._ninecninemedia_url_result(clip_id) for clip_id in
+                           self._search_regex(r'getAuthStates\("([\d+,]+)"', webpage, 'clip ids').split(',')]
+            else:
+                entries = [
+                    self._ninecninemedia_url_result(clip_id) for clip_id in
+                    traverse_obj(webpage, (
+                        {find_element(tag='jasper-player-container', html=True)},
+                        {extract_attributes}, 'axis-ids', {json.loads}, ..., 'axisId', {str}))
+                ]
+
+        return self.playlist_result(entries, page_id)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/dacast.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/dacast.py
index 4e81aa4a7b..537352e5f7 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/dacast.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/dacast.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import functools
 import hashlib
 import re
 import time
@@ -51,6 +52,15 @@ class DacastVODIE(DacastBaseIE):
             'thumbnail': 'https://universe-files.dacast.com/26137208-5858-65c1-5e9a-9d6b6bd2b6c2',
         },
         'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }, {  # /uspaes/ in hls_url
+        'url': 'https://iframe.dacast.com/vod/f9823fc6-faba-b98f-0d00-4a7b50a58c5b/348c5c84-b6af-4859-bb9d-1d01009c795b',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '348c5c84-b6af-4859-bb9d-1d01009c795b',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'pl1-edyta-rubas-211124.mp4',
+            'uploader_id': 'f9823fc6-faba-b98f-0d00-4a7b50a58c5b',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://universe-files.dacast.com/4d0bd042-a536-752d-fc34-ad2fa44bbcbb.png',
+        },
     }]
     _WEBPAGE_TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.dacast.com/support/knowledgebase/how-can-i-embed-a-video-on-my-website/',
@@ -74,6 +84,15 @@ class DacastVODIE(DacastBaseIE):
         'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
     }]
 
+    @functools.cached_property
+    def _usp_signing_secret(self):
+        player_js = self._download_webpage(
+            'https://player.dacast.com/js/player.js', None, 'Downloading player JS')
+        # Rotates every so often, but hardcode a fallback in case of JS change/breakage before rotation
+        return self._search_regex(
+            r'\bUSP_SIGNING_SECRET\s*=\s*(["\'])(?P<secret>(?:(?!\1).)+)', player_js,
+            'usp signing secret', group='secret', fatal=False) or 'odnInCGqhvtyRTtIiddxtuRtawYYICZP'
+
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         user_id, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('user_id', 'id')
         query = {'contentId': f'{user_id}-vod-{video_id}', 'provider': 'universe'}
@@ -94,10 +113,10 @@ class DacastVODIE(DacastBaseIE):
         if 'DRM_EXT' in hls_url:
             self.report_drm(video_id)
         elif '/uspaes/' in hls_url:
-            # From https://player.dacast.com/js/player.js
+            # Ref: https://player.dacast.com/js/player.js
             ts = int(time.time())
             signature = hashlib.sha1(
-                f'{10413792000 - ts}{ts}YfaKtquEEpDeusCKbvYszIEZnWmBcSvw').digest().hex()
+                f'{10413792000 - ts}{ts}{self._usp_signing_secret}'.encode()).digest().hex()
             hls_aes['uri'] = f'https://keys.dacast.com/uspaes/{video_id}.key?s={signature}&ts={ts}'
 
         for retry in self.RetryManager():
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/dailymotion.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/dailymotion.py
index 632335e5b0..423c11c573 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/dailymotion.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/dailymotion.py
@@ -10,11 +10,14 @@ from ..utils import (
     OnDemandPagedList,
     age_restricted,
     clean_html,
+    extract_attributes,
     int_or_none,
     traverse_obj,
     try_get,
     unescapeHTML,
     unsmuggle_url,
+    update_url,
+    url_or_none,
     urlencode_postdata,
 )
 
@@ -98,12 +101,20 @@ class DailymotionBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
 class DailymotionIE(DailymotionBaseInfoExtractor):
     _VALID_URL = r'''(?ix)
                     https?://
+                    (?:
+                        dai\.ly/|
                         (?:
-                            (?:(?:www|touch|geo)\.)?dailymotion\.[a-z]{2,3}/(?:(?:(?:(?:embed|swf|\#)/)|player(?:/\w+)?\.html\?)?video|swf)|
-                            (?:www\.)?lequipe\.fr/video
+                            (?:(?:www|touch|geo)\.)?dailymotion\.[a-z]{2,3}|
+                            (?:www\.)?lequipe\.fr
+                        )/
+                        (?:
+                            swf/(?!video)|
+                            (?:(?:crawler|embed|swf)/)?video/|
+                            player(?:/[\da-z]+)?\.html\?(?:video|(?P<is_playlist>playlist))=
                         )
-                        [/=](?P<id>[^/?_&]+)(?:.+?\bplaylist=(?P<playlist_id>x[0-9a-z]+))?
-                    '''
+                    )
+                    (?P<id>[^/?_&#]+)(?:[\w-]*\?playlist=(?P<playlist_id>x[0-9a-z]+))?
+    '''
     IE_NAME = 'dailymotion'
     _EMBED_REGEX = [r'<(?:(?:embed|iframe)[^>]+?src=|input[^>]+id=[\'"]dmcloudUrlEmissionSelect[\'"][^>]+value=)(["\'])(?P<url>(?:https?:)?//(?:www\.)?dailymotion\.com/(?:embed|swf)/video/.+?)\1']
     _TESTS = [{
@@ -123,7 +134,7 @@ class DailymotionIE(DailymotionBaseInfoExtractor):
             'view_count': int,
             'like_count': int,
             'tags': ['hollywood', 'celeb', 'celebrity', 'movies', 'red carpet'],
-            'thumbnail': r're:https://(?:s[12]\.)dmcdn\.net/v/K456B1aXqIx58LKWQ/x1080',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://(?:s[12]\.)dmcdn\.net/v/K456B1cmt4ZcZ9KiM/x1080',
         },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://geo.dailymotion.com/player.html?video=x89eyek&mute=true',
@@ -142,7 +153,7 @@ class DailymotionIE(DailymotionBaseInfoExtractor):
             'view_count': int,
             'like_count': int,
             'tags': ['en_quete_d_esprit'],
-            'thumbnail': r're:https://(?:s[12]\.)dmcdn\.net/v/Tncwi1YNg_RUl7ueu/x1080',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://(?:s[12]\.)dmcdn\.net/v/Tncwi1clTH6StrxMP/x1080',
         },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x2iuewm_steam-machine-models-pricing-listed-on-steam-store-ign-news_videogames',
@@ -217,6 +228,86 @@ class DailymotionIE(DailymotionBaseInfoExtractor):
     }, {
         'url': 'https://geo.dailymotion.com/player/xakln.html?video=x8mjju4&customConfig%5BcustomParams%5D=%2Ffr-fr%2Ftennis%2Fwimbledon-mens-singles%2Farticles-video',
         'only_matching': True,
+    }, {  # playlist-only
+        'url': 'https://geo.dailymotion.com/player/xf7zn.html?playlist=x7wdsj',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://geo.dailymotion.com/player/xmyye.html?video=x93blhi',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.dailymotion.com/crawler/video/x8u4owg',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.dailymotion.com/embed/video/x8u4owg',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://dai.ly/x94cnnk',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+    _WEBPAGE_TESTS = [{
+        # https://geo.dailymotion.com/player/xmyye.html?video=x93blhi
+        'url': 'https://www.financialounge.com/video/2024/08/01/borse-europee-in-rosso-dopo-la-fed-a-milano-volano-mediobanca-e-tim-edizione-del-1-agosto/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'x93blhi',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'OnAir - 01/08/24',
+            'description': '',
+            'duration': 217,
+            'timestamp': 1722505658,
+            'upload_date': '20240801',
+            'uploader': 'Financialounge',
+            'uploader_id': 'x2vtgmm',
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'tags': [],
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://\w+.dmcdn.net/v/WnEY61cmvMxt2Fi6d/x1080',
+        },
+    }, {
+        # https://geo.dailymotion.com/player/xf7zn.html?playlist=x7wdsj
+        'url': 'https://www.cycleworld.com/blogs/ask-kevin/ducati-continues-to-evolve-with-v4/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'x7wdsj',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 50,
+    }, {
+        # https://www.dailymotion.com/crawler/video/x8u4owg
+        'url': 'https://www.leparisien.fr/environnement/video-le-veloto-la-voiture-a-pedales-qui-aimerait-se-faire-une-place-sur-les-routes-09-03-2024-KCYMCPM4WFHJXMSKBUI66UNFPU.php',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'x8u4owg',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'uploader': 'Le Parisien',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://www.leparisien.fr/resizer/ho_GwveeYftNkLwg_cEta--5Bv4=/1200x675/cloudfront-eu-central-1.images.arcpublishing.com/leparisien/BFXJNEBN75EUNHGYJLORUC3TX4.jpg',
+            'upload_date': '20240309',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'timestamp': 1709997866,
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'uploader_id': 'x32f7b',
+            'title': 'VIDÉO. Le «\xa0véloto\xa0», la voiture à pédales qui aimerait se faire une place sur les routes',
+            'duration': 428.0,
+            'description': 'À bord du « véloto », l’alternative à la voiture pour la campagne',
+            'tags': ['biclou', 'vélo', 'véloto', 'campagne', 'voiture', 'environnement', 'véhicules intermédiaires'],
+        },
+    }, {
+        # https://geo.dailymotion.com/player/xry80.html?video=x8vu47w
+        'url': 'https://www.metatube.com/en/videos/546765/This-frogs-decorates-Christmas-tree/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'x8vu47w',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'uploader': 'Metatube',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://\w+.dmcdn.net/v/W1G_S1coGSFTfkTeR/x1080',
+            'upload_date': '20240326',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'timestamp': 1711496732,
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'uploader_id': 'x2xpy74',
+            'title': 'Está lindas ranitas ponen su arbolito',
+            'duration': 28,
+            'description': 'Que lindura',
+            'tags': [],
+        },
     }]
     _GEO_BYPASS = False
     _COMMON_MEDIA_FIELDS = '''description
@@ -231,17 +322,36 @@ class DailymotionIE(DailymotionBaseInfoExtractor):
         yield from super()._extract_embed_urls(url, webpage)
         for mobj in re.finditer(
                 r'(?s)DM\.player\([^,]+,\s*{.*?video[\'"]?\s*:\s*["\']?(?P<id>[0-9a-zA-Z]+).+?}\s*\);', webpage):
-            yield from 'https://www.dailymotion.com/embed/video/' + mobj.group('id')
+            yield 'https://www.dailymotion.com/embed/video/' + mobj.group('id')
+        for mobj in re.finditer(
+                r'(?s)<script [^>]*\bsrc=(["\'])(?:https?:)?//[\w-]+\.dailymotion\.com/player/(?:(?!\1).)+\1[^>]*>', webpage):
+            attrs = extract_attributes(mobj.group(0))
+            player_url = url_or_none(attrs.get('src'))
+            if not player_url:
+                continue
+            player_url = player_url.replace('.js', '.html')
+            if player_url.startswith('//'):
+                player_url = f'https:{player_url}'
+            if video_id := attrs.get('data-video'):
+                query_string = f'video={video_id}'
+            elif playlist_id := attrs.get('data-playlist'):
+                query_string = f'playlist={playlist_id}'
+            else:
+                continue
+            yield update_url(player_url, query=query_string)
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         url, smuggled_data = unsmuggle_url(url)
-        video_id, playlist_id = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
+        video_id, is_playlist, playlist_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'is_playlist', 'playlist_id')
 
-        if playlist_id:
-            if self._yes_playlist(playlist_id, video_id):
-                return self.url_result(
-                    'http://www.dailymotion.com/playlist/' + playlist_id,
-                    'DailymotionPlaylist', playlist_id)
+        if is_playlist:  # We matched the playlist query param as video_id
+            playlist_id = video_id
+            video_id = None
+
+        if self._yes_playlist(playlist_id, video_id):
+            return self.url_result(
+                f'http://www.dailymotion.com/playlist/{playlist_id}',
+                'DailymotionPlaylist', playlist_id)
 
         password = self.get_param('videopassword')
         media = self._call_api(
@@ -282,6 +392,8 @@ class DailymotionIE(DailymotionBaseInfoExtractor):
         title = metadata['title']
         is_live = media.get('isOnAir')
         formats = []
+        subtitles = {}
+
         for quality, media_list in metadata['qualities'].items():
             for m in media_list:
                 media_url = m.get('url')
@@ -289,8 +401,10 @@ class DailymotionIE(DailymotionBaseInfoExtractor):
                 if not media_url or media_type == 'application/vnd.lumberjack.manifest':
                     continue
                 if media_type == 'application/x-mpegURL':
-                    formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-                        media_url, video_id, 'mp4', live=is_live, m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False))
+                    fmt, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                        media_url, video_id, 'mp4', live=is_live, m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False)
+                    formats.extend(fmt)
+                    self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
                 else:
                     f = {
                         'url': media_url,
@@ -310,20 +424,18 @@ class DailymotionIE(DailymotionBaseInfoExtractor):
             if not f.get('fps') and f['format_id'].endswith('@60'):
                 f['fps'] = 60
 
-        subtitles = {}
         subtitles_data = try_get(metadata, lambda x: x['subtitles']['data'], dict) or {}
         for subtitle_lang, subtitle in subtitles_data.items():
             subtitles[subtitle_lang] = [{
                 'url': subtitle_url,
             } for subtitle_url in subtitle.get('urls', [])]
 
-        thumbnails = []
-        for height, poster_url in metadata.get('posters', {}).items():
-            thumbnails.append({
-                'height': int_or_none(height),
-                'id': height,
-                'url': poster_url,
-            })
+        thumbnails = traverse_obj(metadata, (
+            ('posters', 'thumbnails'), {dict.items}, lambda _, v: url_or_none(v[1]), {
+                'height': (0, {int_or_none}),
+                'id': (0, {str}),
+                'url': 1,
+            }))
 
         owner = metadata.get('owner') or {}
         stats = media.get('stats') or {}
@@ -447,7 +559,7 @@ class DailymotionSearchIE(DailymotionPlaylistBaseIE):
 
 class DailymotionUserIE(DailymotionPlaylistBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'dailymotion:user'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?dailymotion\.[a-z]{2,3}/(?!(?:embed|swf|#|video|playlist|search)/)(?:(?:old/)?user/)?(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?dailymotion\.[a-z]{2,3}/(?!(?:embed|swf|#|video|playlist|search|crawler)/)(?:(?:old/)?user/)?(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.dailymotion.com/user/nqtv',
         'info_dict': {
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/dangalplay.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/dangalplay.py
index 50e4136b57..f7b243234a 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/dangalplay.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/dangalplay.py
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ class DangalPlayBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'id': ('content_id', {str}),
                 'title': ('display_title', {str}),
                 'episode': ('title', {str}),
-                'series': ('show_name', {str}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'series': ('show_name', {str}, filter),
                 'series_id': ('catalog_id', {str}),
                 'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none}),
                 'release_timestamp': ('release_date_uts', {int_or_none}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/digitalconcerthall.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/digitalconcerthall.py
index edb6fa9c08..4c4fe470da 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/digitalconcerthall.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/digitalconcerthall.py
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
+import time
+
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
+    jwt_decode_hs256,
     parse_codecs,
     try_get,
     url_or_none,
@@ -13,9 +16,6 @@ from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
 class DigitalConcertHallIE(InfoExtractor):
     IE_DESC = 'DigitalConcertHall extractor'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?digitalconcerthall\.com/(?P<language>[a-z]+)/(?P<type>film|concert|work)/(?P<id>[0-9]+)-?(?P<part>[0-9]+)?'
-    _OAUTH_URL = 'https://api.digitalconcerthall.com/v2/oauth2/token'
-    _USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/17.5 Safari/605.1.15'
-    _ACCESS_TOKEN = None
     _NETRC_MACHINE = 'digitalconcerthall'
     _TESTS = [{
         'note': 'Playlist with only one video',
@@ -69,59 +69,157 @@ class DigitalConcertHallIE(InfoExtractor):
         'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
         'playlist_count': 1,
     }]
+    _LOGIN_HINT = ('Use  --username token --password ACCESS_TOKEN  where ACCESS_TOKEN '
+                   'is the "access_token_production" from your browser local storage')
+    _REFRESH_HINT = 'or else use a "refresh_token" with  --username refresh --password REFRESH_TOKEN'
+    _OAUTH_URL = 'https://api.digitalconcerthall.com/v2/oauth2/token'
+    _CLIENT_ID = 'dch.webapp'
+    _CLIENT_SECRET = '2ySLN+2Fwb'
+    _USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/17.5 Safari/605.1.15'
+    _OAUTH_HEADERS = {
+        'Accept': 'application/json',
+        'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8',
+        'Origin': 'https://www.digitalconcerthall.com',
+        'Referer': 'https://www.digitalconcerthall.com/',
+        'User-Agent': _USER_AGENT,
+    }
+    _access_token = None
+    _access_token_expiry = 0
+    _refresh_token = None
 
-    def _perform_login(self, username, password):
-        login_token = self._download_json(
-            self._OAUTH_URL,
-            None, 'Obtaining token', errnote='Unable to obtain token', data=urlencode_postdata({
+    @property
+    def _access_token_is_expired(self):
+        return self._access_token_expiry - 30 <= int(time.time())
+
+    def _set_access_token(self, value):
+        self._access_token = value
+        self._access_token_expiry = traverse_obj(value, ({jwt_decode_hs256}, 'exp', {int})) or 0
+
+    def _cache_tokens(self, /):
+        self.cache.store(self._NETRC_MACHINE, 'tokens', {
+            'access_token': self._access_token,
+            'refresh_token': self._refresh_token,
+        })
+
+    def _fetch_new_tokens(self, invalidate=False):
+        if invalidate:
+            self.report_warning('Access token has been invalidated')
+            self._set_access_token(None)
+
+        if not self._access_token_is_expired:
+            return
+
+        if not self._refresh_token:
+            self._set_access_token(None)
+            self._cache_tokens()
+            raise ExtractorError(
+                'Access token has expired or been invalidated. '
+                'Get a new "access_token_production" value from your browser '
+                f'and try again, {self._REFRESH_HINT}', expected=True)
+
+        # If we only have a refresh token, we need a temporary "initial token" for the refresh flow
+        bearer_token = self._access_token or self._download_json(
+            self._OAUTH_URL, None, 'Obtaining initial token', 'Unable to obtain initial token',
+            data=urlencode_postdata({
                 'affiliate': 'none',
                 'grant_type': 'device',
                 'device_vendor': 'unknown',
-                # device_model 'Safari' gets split streams of 4K/HEVC video and lossless/FLAC audio
-                'device_model': 'unknown' if self._configuration_arg('prefer_combined_hls') else 'Safari',
-                'app_id': 'dch.webapp',
+                # device_model 'Safari' gets split streams of 4K/HEVC video and lossless/FLAC audio,
+                # but this is no longer effective since actual login is not possible anymore
+                'device_model': 'unknown',
+                'app_id': self._CLIENT_ID,
                 'app_distributor': 'berlinphil',
-                'app_version': '1.84.0',
-                'client_secret': '2ySLN+2Fwb',
-            }), headers={
-                'Accept': 'application/json',
-                'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8',
-                'User-Agent': self._USER_AGENT,
-            })['access_token']
+                'app_version': '1.95.0',
+                'client_secret': self._CLIENT_SECRET,
+            }), headers=self._OAUTH_HEADERS)['access_token']
+
         try:
-            login_response = self._download_json(
-                self._OAUTH_URL,
-                None, note='Logging in', errnote='Unable to login', data=urlencode_postdata({
-                    'grant_type': 'password',
-                    'username': username,
-                    'password': password,
+            response = self._download_json(
+                self._OAUTH_URL, None, 'Refreshing token', 'Unable to refresh token',
+                data=urlencode_postdata({
+                    'grant_type': 'refresh_token',
+                    'refresh_token': self._refresh_token,
+                    'client_id': self._CLIENT_ID,
+                    'client_secret': self._CLIENT_SECRET,
                 }), headers={
-                    'Accept': 'application/json',
-                    'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8',
-                    'Referer': 'https://www.digitalconcerthall.com',
-                    'Authorization': f'Bearer {login_token}',
-                    'User-Agent': self._USER_AGENT,
+                    **self._OAUTH_HEADERS,
+                    'Authorization': f'Bearer {bearer_token}',
                 })
-        except ExtractorError as error:
-            if isinstance(error.cause, HTTPError) and error.cause.status == 401:
-                raise ExtractorError('Invalid username or password', expected=True)
+        except ExtractorError as e:
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 401:
+                self._set_access_token(None)
+                self._refresh_token = None
+                self._cache_tokens()
+                raise ExtractorError('Your tokens have been invalidated', expected=True)
             raise
-        self._ACCESS_TOKEN = login_response['access_token']
+
+        self._set_access_token(response['access_token'])
+        if refresh_token := traverse_obj(response, ('refresh_token', {str})):
+            self.write_debug('New refresh token granted')
+            self._refresh_token = refresh_token
+        self._cache_tokens()
+
+    def _perform_login(self, username, password):
+        self.report_login()
+
+        if username == 'refresh':
+            self._refresh_token = password
+            self._fetch_new_tokens()
+
+        if username == 'token':
+            if not traverse_obj(password, {jwt_decode_hs256}):
+                raise ExtractorError(
+                    f'The access token passed to yt-dlp is not valid. {self._LOGIN_HINT}', expected=True)
+            self._set_access_token(password)
+            self._cache_tokens()
+
+        if username in ('refresh', 'token'):
+            if self.get_param('cachedir') is not False:
+                token_type = 'access' if username == 'token' else 'refresh'
+                self.to_screen(f'Your {token_type} token has been cached to disk. To use the cached '
+                               'token next time, pass  --username cache  along with any password')
+            return
+
+        if username != 'cache':
+            raise ExtractorError(
+                'Login with username and password is no longer supported '
+                f'for this site. {self._LOGIN_HINT}, {self._REFRESH_HINT}', expected=True)
+
+        # Try cached access_token
+        cached_tokens = self.cache.load(self._NETRC_MACHINE, 'tokens', default={})
+        self._set_access_token(cached_tokens.get('access_token'))
+        self._refresh_token = cached_tokens.get('refresh_token')
+        if not self._access_token_is_expired:
+            return
+
+        # Try cached refresh_token
+        self._fetch_new_tokens(invalidate=True)
 
     def _real_initialize(self):
-        if not self._ACCESS_TOKEN:
-            self.raise_login_required(method='password')
+        if not self._access_token:
+            self.raise_login_required(
+                'All content on this site is only available for registered users. '
+                f'{self._LOGIN_HINT}, {self._REFRESH_HINT}', method=None)
 
     def _entries(self, items, language, type_, **kwargs):
         for item in items:
             video_id = item['id']
-            stream_info = self._download_json(
-                self._proto_relative_url(item['_links']['streams']['href']), video_id, headers={
-                    'Accept': 'application/json',
-                    'Authorization': f'Bearer {self._ACCESS_TOKEN}',
-                    'Accept-Language': language,
-                    'User-Agent': self._USER_AGENT,
-                })
+
+            for should_retry in (True, False):
+                self._fetch_new_tokens(invalidate=not should_retry)
+                try:
+                    stream_info = self._download_json(
+                        self._proto_relative_url(item['_links']['streams']['href']), video_id, headers={
+                            'Accept': 'application/json',
+                            'Authorization': f'Bearer {self._access_token}',
+                            'Accept-Language': language,
+                            'User-Agent': self._USER_AGENT,
+                        })
+                    break
+                except ExtractorError as error:
+                    if should_retry and isinstance(error.cause, HTTPError) and error.cause.status == 401:
+                        continue
+                    raise
 
             formats = []
             for m3u8_url in traverse_obj(stream_info, ('channel', ..., 'stream', ..., 'url', {url_or_none})):
@@ -157,7 +255,6 @@ class DigitalConcertHallIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'Accept': 'application/json',
                 'Accept-Language': language,
                 'User-Agent': self._USER_AGENT,
-                'Authorization': f'Bearer {self._ACCESS_TOKEN}',
             })
         videos = [vid_info] if type_ == 'film' else traverse_obj(vid_info, ('_embedded', ..., ...))
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/dropbox.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/dropbox.py
index c122096230..2bfeebc7cb 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/dropbox.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/dropbox.py
@@ -48,32 +48,30 @@ class DropboxIE(InfoExtractor):
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
         fn = urllib.parse.unquote(url_basename(url))
         title = os.path.splitext(fn)[0]
-        password = self.get_param('videopassword')
+        content_id = None
 
         for part in self._yield_decoded_parts(webpage):
             if '/sm/password' in part:
-                webpage = self._download_webpage(
-                    update_url('https://www.dropbox.com/sm/password', query=part.partition('?')[2]), video_id)
+                content_id = self._search_regex(r'content_id=([\w.+=/-]+)', part, 'content ID')
                 break
 
-        if (self._og_search_title(webpage, default=None) == 'Dropbox - Password Required'
-                or 'Enter the password for this link' in webpage):
-            if password:
-                response = self._download_json(
-                    'https://www.dropbox.com/sm/auth', video_id, 'POSTing video password',
-                    headers={'content-type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8'},
-                    data=urlencode_postdata({
-                        'is_xhr': 'true',
-                        't': self._get_cookies('https://www.dropbox.com')['t'].value,
-                        'content_id': self._search_regex(r'content_id=([\w.+=/-]+)["\']', webpage, 'content id'),
-                        'password': password,
-                        'url': url,
-                    }))
-
-                if response.get('status') != 'authed':
-                    raise ExtractorError('Invalid password', expected=True)
-            elif not self._get_cookies('https://dropbox.com').get('sm_auth'):
+        if content_id:
+            password = self.get_param('videopassword')
+            if not password:
                 raise ExtractorError('Password protected video, use --video-password <password>', expected=True)
+
+            response = self._download_json(
+                'https://www.dropbox.com/sm/auth', video_id, 'POSTing video password',
+                data=urlencode_postdata({
+                    'is_xhr': 'true',
+                    't': self._get_cookies('https://www.dropbox.com')['t'].value,
+                    'content_id': content_id,
+                    'password': password,
+                    'url': update_url(url, scheme='', netloc=''),
+                }))
+            if response.get('status') != 'authed':
+                raise ExtractorError('Invalid password', expected=True)
+
             webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
 
         formats, subtitles = [], {}
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/duoplay.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/duoplay.py
index 18642fea39..75650c3a64 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/duoplay.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/duoplay.py
@@ -5,15 +5,16 @@ from ..utils import (
     get_element_text_and_html_by_tag,
     int_or_none,
     join_nonempty,
+    parse_qs,
     str_or_none,
     try_call,
     unified_timestamp,
 )
-from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj, value
 
 
 class DuoplayIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://duoplay\.ee/(?P<id>\d+)/[\w-]+/?(?:\?(?:[^#]+&)?ep=(?P<ep>\d+))?'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://duoplay\.ee/(?P<id>\d+)(?:[/?#]|$)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'note': 'Siberi võmm S02E12',
         'url': 'https://duoplay.ee/4312/siberi-vomm?ep=24',
@@ -34,15 +35,16 @@ class DuoplayIE(InfoExtractor):
             'episode_number': 12,
             'episode_id': '24',
         },
+        'skip': 'No video found',
     }, {
         'note': 'Empty title',
         'url': 'https://duoplay.ee/17/uhikarotid?ep=14',
-        'md5': '6aca68be71112314738dd17cced7f8bf',
+        'md5': 'cba9f5dabf2582b224d80ac44fb80e47',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '17_14',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Ühikarotid',
-            'thumbnail': r're:https://.+\.jpg(?:\?c=\d+)?$',
+            'title': 'Episode 14',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+\.jpg',
             'description': 'md5:4719b418e058c209def41d48b601276e',
             'upload_date': '20100916',
             'timestamp': 1284661800,
@@ -52,6 +54,8 @@ class DuoplayIE(InfoExtractor):
             'season_number': 2,
             'episode_id': '14',
             'release_year': 2010,
+            'episode': 'Episode 14',
+            'episode_number': 14,
         },
     }, {
         'note': 'Movie without expiry',
@@ -68,10 +72,32 @@ class DuoplayIE(InfoExtractor):
             'timestamp': 1671054000,
             'release_year': 2018,
         },
+        'skip': 'No video found',
+    }, {
+        'note': 'Episode url without show name',
+        'url': 'https://duoplay.ee/9644?ep=185',
+        'md5': '63f324b4fe2dbd8194dca16a6d52184a',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '9644_185',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Episode 185',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+\.jpg',
+            'description': 'md5:ed25ba4e9e5d54bc291a4a0cdd241467',
+            'upload_date': '20241120',
+            'timestamp': 1732077000,
+            'episode': 'Episode 63',
+            'episode_id': '185',
+            'episode_number': 63,
+            'season': 'Season 2',
+            'season_number': 2,
+            'series': 'Telehommik',
+            'series_id': '9644',
+        },
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        telecast_id, episode = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'ep')
+        telecast_id = self._match_id(url)
+        episode = traverse_obj(parse_qs(url), ('ep', 0, {int_or_none}, {str_or_none}))
         video_id = join_nonempty(telecast_id, episode, delim='_')
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
         video_player = try_call(lambda: extract_attributes(
@@ -79,25 +105,33 @@ class DuoplayIE(InfoExtractor):
         if not video_player or not video_player.get('manifest-url'):
             raise ExtractorError('No video found', expected=True)
 
+        manifest_url = video_player['manifest-url']
+        session_token = self._download_json(
+            'https://sts.postimees.ee/session/register', video_id, 'Registering session',
+            'Unable to register session', headers={
+                'Accept': 'application/json',
+                'X-Original-URI': manifest_url,
+            })['session']
+
         episode_attr = self._parse_json(video_player.get(':episode') or '', video_id, fatal=False) or {}
 
         return {
             'id': video_id,
-            'formats': self._extract_m3u8_formats(video_player['manifest-url'], video_id, 'mp4'),
+            'formats': self._extract_m3u8_formats(manifest_url, video_id, 'mp4', query={'s': session_token}),
             **traverse_obj(episode_attr, {
-                'title': 'title',
-                'description': 'synopsis',
+                'title': ('title', {str}),
+                'description': ('synopsis', {str}),
                 'thumbnail': ('images', 'original'),
                 'timestamp': ('airtime', {lambda x: unified_timestamp(x + ' +0200')}),
-                'cast': ('cast', {lambda x: x.split(', ')}),
+                'cast': ('cast', filter, {lambda x: x.split(', ')}),
                 'release_year': ('year', {int_or_none}),
             }),
             **(traverse_obj(episode_attr, {
-                'title': (None, ('subtitle', ('episode_nr', {lambda x: f'Episode {x}' if x else None}))),
-                'series': 'title',
+                'title': (None, (('subtitle', {str}, filter), {value(f'Episode {episode}' if episode else None)})),
+                'series': ('title', {str}),
                 'series_id': ('telecast_id', {str_or_none}),
                 'season_number': ('season_id', {int_or_none}),
-                'episode': 'subtitle',
+                'episode': ('subtitle', {str}, filter),
                 'episode_number': ('episode_nr', {int_or_none}),
                 'episode_id': ('episode_id', {str_or_none}),
             }, get_all=False) if episode_attr.get('category') != 'movies' else {}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/err.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/err.py
index 7896cdbdc0..d4139c6f3c 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/err.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/err.py
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ class ERRJupiterIE(InfoExtractor):
             **traverse_obj(data, {
                 'title': ('heading', {str}),
                 'alt_title': ('subHeading', {str}),
-                'description': (('lead', 'body'), {clean_html}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'description': (('lead', 'body'), {clean_html}, filter),
                 'timestamp': ('created', {int_or_none}),
                 'modified_timestamp': ('updated', {int_or_none}),
                 'release_timestamp': (('scheduleStart', 'publicStart'), {int_or_none}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/facebook.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/facebook.py
index 1adb35b5f0..24ecb03505 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/facebook.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/facebook.py
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ class FacebookIE(InfoExtractor):
                             [^/]+/videos/(?:[^/]+/)?|
                             [^/]+/posts/|
                             events/(?:[^/]+/)?|
-                            groups/[^/]+/(?:permalink|posts)/|
+                            groups/[^/]+/(?:permalink|posts)/(?:[\da-f]+/)?|
                             watchparty/
                         )|
                     facebook:
@@ -410,6 +410,9 @@ class FacebookIE(InfoExtractor):
             'uploader': 'Comitato Liberi Pensatori',
             'uploader_id': '100065709540881',
         },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.facebook.com/groups/1513990329015294/posts/d41d8cd9/2013209885760000/?app=fbl',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
     _SUPPORTED_PAGLETS_REGEX = r'(?:pagelet_group_mall|permalink_video_pagelet|hyperfeed_story_id_[0-9a-f]+)'
     _api_config = {
@@ -563,12 +566,13 @@ class FacebookIE(InfoExtractor):
                 return extract_video_data(try_get(
                     js_data, lambda x: x['jsmods']['instances'], list) or [])
 
-        def extract_dash_manifest(video, formats):
-            dash_manifest = traverse_obj(video, 'dash_manifest', 'playlist', expected_type=str)
+        def extract_dash_manifest(vid_data, formats, mpd_url=None):
+            dash_manifest = traverse_obj(
+                vid_data, 'dash_manifest', 'playlist', 'dash_manifest_xml_string', 'manifest_xml', expected_type=str)
             if dash_manifest:
                 formats.extend(self._parse_mpd_formats(
                     compat_etree_fromstring(urllib.parse.unquote_plus(dash_manifest)),
-                    mpd_url=video.get('dash_manifest_url')))
+                    mpd_url=url_or_none(vid_data.get('dash_manifest_url')) or mpd_url))
 
         def process_formats(info):
             # Downloads with browser's User-Agent are rate limited. Working around
@@ -618,16 +622,20 @@ class FacebookIE(InfoExtractor):
                         video = video['creation_story']
                         video['owner'] = traverse_obj(video, ('short_form_video_context', 'video_owner'))
                         video.update(reel_info)
+
                     formats = []
                     q = qualities(['sd', 'hd'])
+
+                    # Legacy formats extraction
+                    fmt_data = traverse_obj(video, ('videoDeliveryLegacyFields', {dict})) or video
                     for key, format_id in (('playable_url', 'sd'), ('playable_url_quality_hd', 'hd'),
                                            ('playable_url_dash', ''), ('browser_native_hd_url', 'hd'),
                                            ('browser_native_sd_url', 'sd')):
-                        playable_url = video.get(key)
+                        playable_url = fmt_data.get(key)
                         if not playable_url:
                             continue
                         if determine_ext(playable_url) == 'mpd':
-                            formats.extend(self._extract_mpd_formats(playable_url, video_id))
+                            formats.extend(self._extract_mpd_formats(playable_url, video_id, fatal=False))
                         else:
                             formats.append({
                                 'format_id': format_id,
@@ -635,7 +643,29 @@ class FacebookIE(InfoExtractor):
                                 'quality': q(format_id) - 3,
                                 'url': playable_url,
                             })
-                    extract_dash_manifest(video, formats)
+                    extract_dash_manifest(fmt_data, formats)
+
+                    # New videoDeliveryResponse formats extraction
+                    fmt_data = traverse_obj(video, ('videoDeliveryResponseFragment', 'videoDeliveryResponseResult'))
+                    mpd_urls = traverse_obj(fmt_data, ('dash_manifest_urls', ..., 'manifest_url', {url_or_none}))
+                    dash_manifests = traverse_obj(fmt_data, ('dash_manifests', lambda _, v: v['manifest_xml']))
+                    for idx, dash_manifest in enumerate(dash_manifests):
+                        extract_dash_manifest(dash_manifest, formats, mpd_url=traverse_obj(mpd_urls, idx))
+                    if not dash_manifests:
+                        # Only extract from MPD URLs if the manifests are not already provided
+                        for mpd_url in mpd_urls:
+                            formats.extend(self._extract_mpd_formats(mpd_url, video_id, fatal=False))
+                    for prog_fmt in traverse_obj(fmt_data, ('progressive_urls', lambda _, v: v['progressive_url'])):
+                        format_id = traverse_obj(prog_fmt, ('metadata', 'quality', {str.lower}))
+                        formats.append({
+                            'format_id': format_id,
+                            # sd, hd formats w/o resolution info should be deprioritized below DASH
+                            'quality': q(format_id) - 3,
+                            'url': prog_fmt['progressive_url'],
+                        })
+                    for m3u8_url in traverse_obj(fmt_data, ('hls_playlist_urls', ..., 'hls_playlist_url', {url_or_none})):
+                        formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(m3u8_url, video_id, 'mp4', fatal=False, m3u8_id='hls'))
+
                     if not formats:
                         # Do not append false positive entry w/o any formats
                         return
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/funimation.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/funimation.py
index d3e61c84f8..01b53bcde6 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/funimation.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/funimation.py
@@ -193,9 +193,9 @@ class FunimationIE(FunimationBaseIE):
 
         for lang, version, fmt in self._get_experiences(episode):
             experience_id = str(fmt['experienceId'])
-            if (only_initial_experience and experience_id != initial_experience_id
-                    or requested_languages and lang.lower() not in requested_languages
-                    or requested_versions and version.lower() not in requested_versions):
+            if ((only_initial_experience and experience_id != initial_experience_id)
+                    or (requested_languages and lang.lower() not in requested_languages)
+                    or (requested_versions and version.lower() not in requested_versions)):
                 continue
             thumbnails.append({'url': fmt.get('poster')})
             duration = max(duration, fmt.get('duration', 0))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/gamedevtv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/gamedevtv.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..06e8b7356d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/gamedevtv.py
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+import json
+
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
+from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
+    clean_html,
+    int_or_none,
+    join_nonempty,
+    parse_iso8601,
+    str_or_none,
+    url_or_none,
+)
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+
+
+class GameDevTVDashboardIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?gamedev\.tv/dashboard/courses/(?P<course_id>\d+)(?:/(?P<lecture_id>\d+))?'
+    _NETRC_MACHINE = 'gamedevtv'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.gamedev.tv/dashboard/courses/25',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '25',
+            'title': 'Complete Blender Creator 3: Learn 3D Modelling for Beginners',
+            'tags': ['blender', 'course', 'all', 'box modelling', 'sculpting'],
+            'categories': ['Blender', '3D Art'],
+            'thumbnail': 'https://gamedev-files.b-cdn.net/courses/qisc9pmu1jdc.jpg',
+            'upload_date': '20220516',
+            'timestamp': 1652694420,
+            'modified_date': '20241027',
+            'modified_timestamp': 1730049658,
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 100,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.gamedev.tv/dashboard/courses/63/2279',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'df04f4d8-68a4-4756-a71b-9ca9446c3a01',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'modified_timestamp': 1701695752,
+            'upload_date': '20230504',
+            'episode': 'MagicaVoxel Community Course Introduction',
+            'series_id': '63',
+            'title': 'MagicaVoxel Community Course Introduction',
+            'timestamp': 1683195397,
+            'modified_date': '20231204',
+            'categories': ['3D Art', 'MagicaVoxel'],
+            'season': 'MagicaVoxel Community Course',
+            'tags': ['MagicaVoxel', 'all', 'course'],
+            'series': 'MagicaVoxel 3D Art Mini Course',
+            'duration': 1405,
+            'episode_number': 1,
+            'season_number': 1,
+            'season_id': '219',
+            'description': 'md5:a378738c5bbec1c785d76c067652d650',
+            'display_id': '63-219-2279',
+            'alt_title': '1_CC_MVX MagicaVoxel Community Course Introduction.mp4',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://vz-23691c65-6fa.b-cdn.net/df04f4d8-68a4-4756-a71b-9ca9446c3a01/thumbnail.jpg',
+        },
+    }]
+    _API_HEADERS = {}
+
+    def _perform_login(self, username, password):
+        try:
+            response = self._download_json(
+                'https://api.gamedev.tv/api/students/login', None, 'Logging in',
+                headers={'Content-Type': 'application/json'},
+                data=json.dumps({
+                    'email': username,
+                    'password': password,
+                    'cart_items': [],
+                }).encode())
+        except ExtractorError as e:
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 401:
+                raise ExtractorError('Invalid username/password', expected=True)
+            raise
+
+        self._API_HEADERS['Authorization'] = f'{response["token_type"]} {response["access_token"]}'
+
+    def _real_initialize(self):
+        if not self._API_HEADERS.get('Authorization'):
+            self.raise_login_required(
+                'This content is only available with purchase', method='password')
+
+    def _entries(self, data, course_id, course_info, selected_lecture):
+        for section in traverse_obj(data, ('sections', ..., {dict})):
+            section_info = traverse_obj(section, {
+                'season_id': ('id', {str_or_none}),
+                'season': ('title', {str}),
+                'season_number': ('order', {int_or_none}),
+            })
+            for lecture in traverse_obj(section, ('lectures', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['video']['playListUrl']))):
+                if selected_lecture and str(lecture.get('id')) != selected_lecture:
+                    continue
+                display_id = join_nonempty(course_id, section_info.get('season_id'), lecture.get('id'))
+                formats, subtitles = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                    lecture['video']['playListUrl'], display_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls')
+                yield {
+                    **course_info,
+                    **section_info,
+                    'id': display_id,  # fallback
+                    'display_id': display_id,
+                    'formats': formats,
+                    'subtitles': subtitles,
+                    'series': course_info.get('title'),
+                    'series_id': course_id,
+                    **traverse_obj(lecture, {
+                        'id': ('video', 'guid', {str}),
+                        'title': ('title', {str}),
+                        'alt_title': ('video', 'title', {str}),
+                        'description': ('description', {clean_html}),
+                        'episode': ('title', {str}),
+                        'episode_number': ('order', {int_or_none}),
+                        'duration': ('video', 'duration_in_sec', {int_or_none}),
+                        'timestamp': ('video', 'created_at', {parse_iso8601}),
+                        'modified_timestamp': ('video', 'updated_at', {parse_iso8601}),
+                        'thumbnail': ('video', 'thumbnailUrl', {url_or_none}),
+                    }),
+                }
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        course_id, lecture_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('course_id', 'lecture_id')
+        data = self._download_json(
+            f'https://api.gamedev.tv/api/courses/my/{course_id}', course_id,
+            headers=self._API_HEADERS)['data']
+
+        course_info = traverse_obj(data, {
+            'title': ('title', {str}),
+            'tags': ('tags', ..., 'name', {str}),
+            'categories': ('categories', ..., 'title', {str}),
+            'timestamp': ('created_at', {parse_iso8601}),
+            'modified_timestamp': ('updated_at', {parse_iso8601}),
+            'thumbnail': ('image', {url_or_none}),
+        })
+
+        entries = self._entries(data, course_id, course_info, lecture_id)
+        if lecture_id:
+            lecture = next(entries, None)
+            if not lecture:
+                raise ExtractorError('Lecture not found')
+            return lecture
+        return self.playlist_result(entries, course_id, **course_info)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/generic.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/generic.py
index 9b5421e41d..320a47772b 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/generic.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/generic.py
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ from .common import InfoExtractor
 from .commonprotocols import RtmpIE
 from .youtube import YoutubeIE
 from ..compat import compat_etree_fromstring
+from ..cookies import LenientSimpleCookie
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..networking.impersonate import ImpersonateTarget
 from ..utils import (
     KNOWN_EXTENSIONS,
@@ -2374,10 +2376,9 @@ class GenericIE(InfoExtractor):
         else:
             video_id = self._generic_id(url)
 
-        # Try to impersonate a web-browser by default if possible
-        # Skip impersonation if not available to omit the warning
-        impersonate = self._configuration_arg('impersonate', [''])
-        if 'false' in impersonate or not self._downloader._impersonate_target_available(ImpersonateTarget()):
+        # Do not impersonate by default; see https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11335
+        impersonate = self._configuration_arg('impersonate', ['false'])
+        if 'false' in impersonate:
             impersonate = None
 
         # Some webservers may serve compressed content of rather big size (e.g. gzipped flac)
@@ -2388,10 +2389,29 @@ class GenericIE(InfoExtractor):
         # to accept raw bytes and being able to download only a chunk.
         # It may probably better to solve this by checking Content-Type for application/octet-stream
         # after a HEAD request, but not sure if we can rely on this.
-        full_response = self._request_webpage(url, video_id, headers=filter_dict({
-            'Accept-Encoding': 'identity',
-            'Referer': smuggled_data.get('referer'),
-        }), impersonate=impersonate)
+        try:
+            full_response = self._request_webpage(url, video_id, headers=filter_dict({
+                'Accept-Encoding': 'identity',
+                'Referer': smuggled_data.get('referer'),
+            }), impersonate=impersonate)
+        except ExtractorError as e:
+            if not (isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 403
+                    and e.cause.response.get_header('cf-mitigated') == 'challenge'
+                    and e.cause.response.extensions.get('impersonate') is None):
+                raise
+            cf_cookie_domain = traverse_obj(
+                LenientSimpleCookie(e.cause.response.get_header('set-cookie')),
+                ('__cf_bm', 'domain'))
+            if cf_cookie_domain:
+                self.write_debug(f'Clearing __cf_bm cookie for {cf_cookie_domain}')
+                self.cookiejar.clear(domain=cf_cookie_domain, path='/', name='__cf_bm')
+            msg = 'Got HTTP Error 403 caused by Cloudflare anti-bot challenge; '
+            if not self._downloader._impersonate_target_available(ImpersonateTarget()):
+                msg += ('see  https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp#impersonation  for '
+                        'how to install the required impersonation dependency, and ')
+            raise ExtractorError(
+                f'{msg}try again with  --extractor-args "generic:impersonate"', expected=True)
+
         new_url = full_response.url
         if new_url != extract_basic_auth(url)[0]:
             self.report_following_redirect(new_url)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/goplay.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/goplay.py
index dfe5afe635..32300f75c2 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/goplay.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/goplay.py
@@ -5,56 +5,63 @@ import hashlib
 import hmac
 import json
 import os
+import re
+import urllib.parse
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
+    int_or_none,
+    js_to_json,
+    remove_end,
     traverse_obj,
-    unescapeHTML,
 )
 
 
 class GoPlayIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(www\.)?goplay\.be/video/([^/]+/[^/]+/|)(?P<display_id>[^/#]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(www\.)?goplay\.be/video/([^/?#]+/[^/?#]+/|)(?P<id>[^/#]+)'
 
     _NETRC_MACHINE = 'goplay'
 
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.goplay.be/video/de-container-cup/de-container-cup-s3/de-container-cup-s3-aflevering-2#autoplay',
+        'url': 'https://www.goplay.be/video/de-slimste-mens-ter-wereld/de-slimste-mens-ter-wereld-s22/de-slimste-mens-ter-wereld-s22-aflevering-1',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '9c4214b8-e55d-4e4b-a446-f015f6c6f811',
+            'id': '2baa4560-87a0-421b-bffc-359914e3c387',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'S3 - Aflevering 2',
-            'series': 'De Container Cup',
-            'season': 'Season 3',
-            'season_number': 3,
-            'episode': 'Episode 2',
-            'episode_number': 2,
+            'title': 'S22 - Aflevering 1',
+            'description': r're:In aflevering 1 nemen Daan Alferink, Tess Elst en Xander De Rycke .{66}',
+            'series': 'De Slimste Mens ter Wereld',
+            'episode': 'Episode 1',
+            'season_number': 22,
+            'episode_number': 1,
+            'season': 'Season 22',
         },
+        'params': {'skip_download': True},
         'skip': 'This video is only available for registered users',
     }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.goplay.be/video/a-family-for-thr-holidays-s1-aflevering-1#autoplay',
+        'url': 'https://www.goplay.be/video/1917',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '74e3ed07-748c-49e4-85a0-393a93337dbf',
+            'id': '40cac41d-8d29-4ef5-aa11-75047b9f0907',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'A Family for the Holidays',
+            'title': '1917',
+            'description': r're:Op het hoogtepunt van de Eerste Wereldoorlog krijgen twee jonge .{94}',
         },
+        'params': {'skip_download': True},
         'skip': 'This video is only available for registered users',
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.goplay.be/video/de-mol/de-mol-s11/de-mol-s11-aflevering-1#autoplay',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '03eb8f2f-153e-41cb-9805-0d3a29dab656',
+            'id': 'ecb79672-92b9-4cd9-a0d7-e2f0250681ee',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'S11 - Aflevering 1',
+            'description': r're:Tien kandidaten beginnen aan hun verovering van Amerika en ontmoeten .{102}',
             'episode': 'Episode 1',
             'series': 'De Mol',
             'season_number': 11,
             'episode_number': 1,
             'season': 'Season 11',
         },
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': True,
-        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': True},
         'skip': 'This video is only available for registered users',
     }]
 
@@ -69,27 +76,42 @@ class GoPlayIE(InfoExtractor):
         if not self._id_token:
             raise self.raise_login_required(method='password')
 
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        url, display_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group(0, 'display_id')
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
-        video_data_json = self._html_search_regex(r'<div\s+data-hero="([^"]+)"', webpage, 'video_data')
-        video_data = self._parse_json(unescapeHTML(video_data_json), display_id).get('data')
+    def _find_json(self, s):
+        return self._search_json(
+            r'\w+\s*:\s*', s, 'next js data', None, contains_pattern=r'\[(?s:.+)\]', default=None)
 
-        movie = video_data.get('movie')
-        if movie:
-            video_id = movie['videoUuid']
-            info_dict = {
-                'title': movie.get('title'),
-            }
-        else:
-            episode = traverse_obj(video_data, ('playlists', ..., 'episodes', lambda _, v: v['pageInfo']['url'] == url), get_all=False)
-            video_id = episode['videoUuid']
-            info_dict = {
-                'title': episode.get('episodeTitle'),
-                'series': traverse_obj(episode, ('program', 'title')),
-                'season_number': episode.get('seasonNumber'),
-                'episode_number': episode.get('episodeNumber'),
-            }
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        display_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
+
+        nextjs_data = traverse_obj(
+            re.findall(r'<script[^>]*>\s*self\.__next_f\.push\(\s*(\[.+?\])\s*\);?\s*</script>', webpage),
+            (..., {js_to_json}, {json.loads}, ..., {self._find_json}, ...))
+        meta = traverse_obj(nextjs_data, (
+            ..., lambda _, v: v['meta']['path'] == urllib.parse.urlparse(url).path, 'meta', any))
+
+        video_id = meta['uuid']
+        info_dict = traverse_obj(meta, {
+            'title': ('title', {str}),
+            'description': ('description', {str.strip}),
+        })
+
+        if traverse_obj(meta, ('program', 'subtype')) != 'movie':
+            for season_data in traverse_obj(nextjs_data, (..., 'children', ..., 'playlists', ...)):
+                episode_data = traverse_obj(
+                    season_data, ('videos', lambda _, v: v['videoId'] == video_id, any))
+                if not episode_data:
+                    continue
+
+                episode_title = traverse_obj(
+                    episode_data, 'contextualTitle', 'episodeTitle', expected_type=str)
+                info_dict.update({
+                    'title': episode_title or info_dict.get('title'),
+                    'series': remove_end(info_dict.get('title'), f' - {episode_title}'),
+                    'season_number': traverse_obj(season_data, ('season', {int_or_none})),
+                    'episode_number': traverse_obj(episode_data, ('episodeNumber', {int_or_none})),
+                })
+                break
 
         api = self._download_json(
             f'https://api.goplay.be/web/v1/videos/long-form/{video_id}',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/ilpost.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/ilpost.py
index 2868f0c62c..da203cf5ff 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/ilpost.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/ilpost.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import functools
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
@@ -63,7 +62,7 @@ class IlPostIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'url': ('podcast_raw_url', {url_or_none}),
                 'thumbnail': ('image', {url_or_none}),
                 'timestamp': ('timestamp', {int_or_none}),
-                'duration': ('milliseconds', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                'duration': ('milliseconds', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'availability': ('free', {lambda v: 'public' if v else 'subscriber_only'}),
             }),
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/instagram.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/instagram.py
index dee8cb85d5..55086d0b29 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/instagram.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/instagram.py
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ class InstagramIOSIE(InfoExtractor):
 
 
 class InstagramIE(InstagramBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'(?P<url>https?://(?:www\.)?instagram\.com(?:/[^/]+)?/(?:p|tv|reels?(?!/audio/))/(?P<id>[^/?#&]+))'
+    _VALID_URL = r'(?P<url>https?://(?:www\.)?instagram\.com(?:/(?!share/)[^/?#]+)?/(?:p|tv|reels?(?!/audio/))/(?P<id>[^/?#&]+))'
     _EMBED_REGEX = [r'<iframe[^>]+src=(["\'])(?P<url>(?:https?:)?//(?:www\.)?instagram\.com/p/[^/]+/embed.*?)\1']
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://instagram.com/p/aye83DjauH/?foo=bar#abc',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/jiocinema.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/jiocinema.py
index 30d98ba796..94c85064ef 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/jiocinema.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/jiocinema.py
@@ -326,11 +326,11 @@ class JioCinemaIE(JioCinemaBaseIE):
                 # fallback metadata
                 'title': ('name', {str}),
                 'description': ('fullSynopsis', {str}),
-                'series': ('show', 'name', {str}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'series': ('show', 'name', {str}, filter),
                 'season': ('tournamentName', {str}, {lambda x: x if x != 'Season 0' else None}),
-                'season_number': ('episode', 'season', {int_or_none}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'season_number': ('episode', 'season', {int_or_none}, filter),
                 'episode': ('fullTitle', {str}),
-                'episode_number': ('episode', 'episodeNo', {int_or_none}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'episode_number': ('episode', 'episodeNo', {int_or_none}, filter),
                 'age_limit': ('ageNemonic', {parse_age_limit}),
                 'duration': ('totalDuration', {float_or_none}),
                 'thumbnail': ('images', {url_or_none}),
@@ -338,10 +338,10 @@ class JioCinemaIE(JioCinemaBaseIE):
             **traverse_obj(metadata, ('result', 0, {
                 'title': ('fullTitle', {str}),
                 'description': ('fullSynopsis', {str}),
-                'series': ('showName', {str}, {lambda x: x or None}),
-                'season': ('seasonName', {str}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'series': ('showName', {str}, filter),
+                'season': ('seasonName', {str}, filter),
                 'season_number': ('season', {int_or_none}),
-                'season_id': ('seasonId', {str}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'season_id': ('seasonId', {str}, filter),
                 'episode': ('fullTitle', {str}),
                 'episode_number': ('episode', {int_or_none}),
                 'timestamp': ('uploadTime', {int_or_none}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/kenh14.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/kenh14.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3c46020e8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/kenh14.py
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import (
+    clean_html,
+    extract_attributes,
+    get_element_by_class,
+    get_element_html_by_attribute,
+    get_elements_html_by_class,
+    int_or_none,
+    parse_duration,
+    parse_iso8601,
+    remove_start,
+    strip_or_none,
+    unescapeHTML,
+    update_url,
+    url_or_none,
+)
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+
+
+class Kenh14VideoIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://video\.kenh14\.vn/(?:video/)?[\w-]+-(?P<id>[0-9]+)\.chn'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://video.kenh14.vn/video/mo-hop-iphone-14-pro-max-nguon-unbox-therapy-316173.chn',
+        'md5': '1ed67f9c3a1e74acf15db69590cf6210',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '316173',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Video mở hộp iPhone 14 Pro Max (Nguồn: Unbox Therapy)',
+            'description': 'Video mở hộp iPhone 14 Pro MaxVideo mở hộp iPhone 14 Pro Max (Nguồn: Unbox Therapy)',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://videothumbs\.mediacdn\.vn/.*\.jpg$',
+            'tags': [],
+            'uploader': 'Unbox Therapy',
+            'upload_date': '20220517',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'duration': 722.86,
+            'timestamp': 1652764468,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://video.kenh14.vn/video-316174.chn',
+        'md5': '2b41877d2afaf4a3f487ceda8e5c7cbd',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '316174',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Khoảnh khắc VĐV nằm gục khóc sau chiến thắng: 7 năm trời Việt Nam mới có HCV kiếm chém nữ, chỉ có 8 tháng để khổ luyện trước khi lên sàn đấu',
+            'description': 'md5:de86aa22e143e2b277bce8ec9c6f17dc',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://videothumbs\.mediacdn\.vn/.*\.jpg$',
+            'tags': [],
+            'upload_date': '20220517',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'duration': 70.04,
+            'timestamp': 1652766021,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://video.kenh14.vn/0-344740.chn',
+        'md5': 'b843495d5e728142c8870c09b46df2a9',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '344740',
+            'ext': 'mov',
+            'title': 'Kỳ Duyên đầy căng thẳng trong buổi ra quân đi Miss Universe, nghi thức tuyên thuệ lần đầu xuất hiện gây nhiều tranh cãi',
+            'description': 'md5:2a2dbb4a7397169fb21ee68f09160497',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://kenh14cdn\.com/.*\.jpg$',
+            'tags': ['kỳ duyên', 'Kỳ Duyên tuyên thuệ', 'miss universe'],
+            'uploader': 'Quang Vũ',
+            'upload_date': '20241024',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'duration': 198.88,
+            'timestamp': 1729741590,
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+
+        attrs = extract_attributes(get_element_html_by_attribute('type', 'VideoStream', webpage) or '')
+        direct_url = attrs['data-vid']
+
+        metadata = self._download_json(
+            'https://api.kinghub.vn/video/api/v1/detailVideoByGet?FileName={}'.format(
+                remove_start(direct_url, 'kenh14cdn.com/')), video_id, fatal=False)
+
+        formats = [{'url': f'https://{direct_url}', 'format_id': 'http', 'quality': 1}]
+        subtitles = {}
+        video_data = self._download_json(
+            f'https://{direct_url}.json', video_id, note='Downloading video data', fatal=False)
+        if hls_url := traverse_obj(video_data, ('hls', {url_or_none})):
+            fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                hls_url, video_id, m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False)
+            formats.extend(fmts)
+            self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
+        if dash_url := traverse_obj(video_data, ('mpd', {url_or_none})):
+            fmts, subs = self._extract_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(
+                dash_url, video_id, mpd_id='dash', fatal=False)
+            formats.extend(fmts)
+            self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
+
+        return {
+            **traverse_obj(metadata, {
+                'duration': ('duration', {parse_duration}),
+                'uploader': ('author', {strip_or_none}),
+                'timestamp': ('uploadtime', {parse_iso8601(delimiter=' ')}),
+                'view_count': ('views', {int_or_none}),
+            }),
+            'id': video_id,
+            'title': (
+                traverse_obj(metadata, ('title', {strip_or_none}))
+                or clean_html(self._og_search_title(webpage))
+                or clean_html(get_element_by_class('vdbw-title', webpage))),
+            'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+            'description': (
+                clean_html(self._og_search_description(webpage))
+                or clean_html(get_element_by_class('vdbw-sapo', webpage))),
+            'thumbnail': (self._og_search_thumbnail(webpage) or attrs.get('data-thumb')),
+            'tags': traverse_obj(self._html_search_meta('keywords', webpage), (
+                {lambda x: x.split(';')}, ..., filter)),
+        }
+
+
+class Kenh14PlaylistIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://video\.kenh14\.vn/playlist/[\w-]+-(?P<id>[0-9]+)\.chn'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://video.kenh14.vn/playlist/tran-tinh-naked-love-mua-2-71.chn',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '71',
+            'title': 'Trần Tình (Naked love) mùa 2',
+            'description': 'md5:e9522339304956dea931722dd72eddb2',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://kenh14cdn\.com/.*\.png$',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 9,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://video.kenh14.vn/playlist/0-72.chn',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '72',
+            'title': 'Lau Lại Đầu Từ',
+            'description': 'Cùng xem xưa và nay có gì khác biệt nhé!',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://kenh14cdn\.com/.*\.png$',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 6,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        playlist_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, playlist_id)
+
+        category_detail = get_element_by_class('category-detail', webpage) or ''
+        embed_info = traverse_obj(
+            self._yield_json_ld(webpage, playlist_id),
+            (lambda _, v: v['name'] and v['alternateName'], any)) or {}
+
+        return self.playlist_from_matches(
+            get_elements_html_by_class('video-item', webpage), playlist_id,
+            (clean_html(get_element_by_class('name', category_detail)) or unescapeHTML(embed_info.get('name'))),
+            getter=lambda x: 'https://video.kenh14.vn/video/video-{}.chn'.format(extract_attributes(x)['data-id']),
+            ie=Kenh14VideoIE, playlist_description=(
+                clean_html(get_element_by_class('description', category_detail))
+                or unescapeHTML(embed_info.get('alternateName'))),
+            thumbnail=traverse_obj(
+                self._og_search_thumbnail(webpage),
+                ({url_or_none}, {update_url(query=None)})))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/kick.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/kick.py
index bd21e59501..1f001d421a 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/kick.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/kick.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import functools
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..networking import HEADRequest
@@ -137,7 +136,7 @@ class KickVODIE(KickBaseIE):
                 'uploader': ('livestream', 'channel', 'user', 'username', {str}),
                 'uploader_id': ('livestream', 'channel', 'user_id', {int}, {str_or_none}),
                 'timestamp': ('created_at', {parse_iso8601}),
-                'duration': ('livestream', 'duration', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                'duration': ('livestream', 'duration', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'thumbnail': ('livestream', 'thumbnail', {url_or_none}),
                 'categories': ('livestream', 'categories', ..., 'name', {str}),
                 'view_count': ('views', {int_or_none}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/kika.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/kika.py
index 852a4de3f2..69f4a3ce03 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/kika.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/kika.py
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ class KikaIE(InfoExtractor):
                         'width': ('frameWidth', {int_or_none}),
                         'height': ('frameHeight', {int_or_none}),
                         # NB: filesize is 0 if unknown, bitrate is -1 if unknown
-                        'filesize': ('fileSize', {int_or_none}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                        'filesize': ('fileSize', {int_or_none}, filter),
                         'abr': ('bitrateAudio', {int_or_none}, {lambda x: None if x == -1 else x}),
                         'vbr': ('bitrateVideo', {int_or_none}, {lambda x: None if x == -1 else x}),
                     }),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/laracasts.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/laracasts.py
index 4494c4b79a..4a61d6ab14 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/laracasts.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/laracasts.py
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ class LaracastsBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
             VimeoIE, url_transparent=True,
             **traverse_obj(episode, {
                 'id': ('id', {int}, {str_or_none}),
-                'webpage_url': ('path', {lambda x: urljoin('https://laracasts.com', x)}),
+                'webpage_url': ('path', {urljoin('https://laracasts.com')}),
                 'title': ('title', {clean_html}),
                 'season_number': ('chapter', {int_or_none}),
                 'episode_number': ('position', {int_or_none}),
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ class LaracastsPlaylistIE(LaracastsBaseIE):
                 'description': ('body', {clean_html}),
                 'thumbnail': (('large_thumbnail', 'thumbnail'), {url_or_none}, any),
                 'duration': ('runTime', {parse_duration}),
-                'categories': ('taxonomy', 'name', {str}, {lambda x: x and [x]}),
+                'categories': ('taxonomy', 'name', {str}, all, filter),
                 'tags': ('topics', ..., 'name', {str}),
                 'modified_date': ('lastUpdated', {unified_strdate}),
             }),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/lbry.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/lbry.py
index c764d49611..0445b7cbfc 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/lbry.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/lbry.py
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ class LBRYBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
             'license': ('value', 'license', {str}),
             'timestamp': ('timestamp', {int_or_none}),
             'release_timestamp': ('value', 'release_time', {int_or_none}),
-            'tags': ('value', 'tags', ..., {lambda x: x or None}),
+            'tags': ('value', 'tags', ..., filter),
             'duration': ('value', stream_type, 'duration', {int_or_none}),
             'channel': ('signing_channel', 'value', 'title', {str}),
             'channel_id': ('signing_channel', 'claim_id', {str}),
@@ -136,6 +136,7 @@ class LBRYBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
 
 class LBRYIE(LBRYBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'lbry'
+    IE_DESC = 'odysee.com'
     _VALID_URL = LBRYBaseIE._BASE_URL_REGEX + rf'''
         (?:\$/(?:download|embed)/)?
         (?P<id>
@@ -364,6 +365,7 @@ class LBRYIE(LBRYBaseIE):
 
 class LBRYChannelIE(LBRYBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'lbry:channel'
+    IE_DESC = 'odysee.com channels'
     _VALID_URL = LBRYBaseIE._BASE_URL_REGEX + rf'(?P<id>@{LBRYBaseIE._OPT_CLAIM_ID})/?(?:[?&]|$)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://lbry.tv/@LBRYFoundation:0',
@@ -391,6 +393,7 @@ class LBRYChannelIE(LBRYBaseIE):
 
 class LBRYPlaylistIE(LBRYBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'lbry:playlist'
+    IE_DESC = 'odysee.com playlists'
     _VALID_URL = LBRYBaseIE._BASE_URL_REGEX + r'\$/(?:play)?list/(?P<id>[0-9a-f-]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://odysee.com/$/playlist/ffef782f27486f0ac138bde8777f72ebdd0548c2',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/learningonscreen.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/learningonscreen.py
index dcf83144c8..f4b51e66c3 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/learningonscreen.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/learningonscreen.py
@@ -6,13 +6,11 @@ from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     clean_html,
     extract_attributes,
-    get_element_by_class,
-    get_element_html_by_id,
     join_nonempty,
     parse_duration,
     unified_timestamp,
 )
-from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+from ..utils.traversal import find_element, traverse_obj
 
 
 class LearningOnScreenIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -32,28 +30,24 @@ class LearningOnScreenIE(InfoExtractor):
 
     def _real_initialize(self):
         if not self._get_cookies('https://learningonscreen.ac.uk/').get('PHPSESSID-BOB-LIVE'):
-            self.raise_login_required(
-                'Use --cookies for authentication. See '
-                ' https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/wiki/FAQ#how-do-i-pass-cookies-to-yt-dlp  '
-                'for how to manually pass cookies', method=None)
+            self.raise_login_required(method='session_cookies')
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
 
         details = traverse_obj(webpage, (
-            {functools.partial(get_element_html_by_id, 'programme-details')}, {
-                'title': ({functools.partial(re.search, r'<h2>([^<]+)</h2>')}, 1, {clean_html}),
+            {find_element(id='programme-details', html=True)}, {
+                'title': ({find_element(tag='h2')}, {clean_html}),
                 'timestamp': (
-                    {functools.partial(get_element_by_class, 'broadcast-date')},
+                    {find_element(cls='broadcast-date')},
                     {functools.partial(re.match, r'([^<]+)')}, 1, {unified_timestamp}),
                 'duration': (
-                    {functools.partial(get_element_by_class, 'prog-running-time')},
-                    {clean_html}, {parse_duration}),
+                    {find_element(cls='prog-running-time')}, {clean_html}, {parse_duration}),
             }))
 
         title = details.pop('title', None) or traverse_obj(webpage, (
-            {functools.partial(get_element_html_by_id, 'add-to-existing-playlist')},
+            {find_element(id='add-to-existing-playlist', html=True)},
             {extract_attributes}, 'data-record-title', {clean_html}))
 
         entries = self._parse_html5_media_entries(
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/listennotes.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/listennotes.py
index 61eae95edf..9d68e18301 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/listennotes.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/listennotes.py
@@ -6,12 +6,10 @@ from ..utils import (
     extract_attributes,
     get_element_by_class,
     get_element_html_by_id,
-    get_element_text_and_html_by_tag,
     parse_duration,
     strip_or_none,
-    traverse_obj,
-    try_call,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import find_element, traverse_obj
 
 
 class ListenNotesIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -22,14 +20,14 @@ class ListenNotesIE(InfoExtractor):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'KrDgvNb_u1n',
             'ext': 'mp3',
-            'title': 'md5:32236591a921adf17bbdbf0441b6c0e9',
-            'description': 'md5:c581ed197eeddcee55a67cdb547c8cbd',
-            'duration': 2148.0,
-            'channel': 'Thriving on Overload',
+            'title': r're:Tim O’Reilly on noticing things other people .{113}',
+            'description': r're:(?s)‘’We shape reality by what we notice and .{27459}',
+            'duration': 2215.0,
+            'channel': 'Amplifying Cognition',
             'channel_id': 'ed84wITivxF',
             'episode_id': 'e1312583fa7b4e24acfbb5131050be00',
-            'thumbnail': 'https://production.listennotes.com/podcasts/thriving-on-overload-ross-dawson-1wb_KospA3P-ed84wITivxF.300x300.jpg',
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.listennotes.com/podcasts/thriving-on-overload-ross-dawson-ed84wITivxF/',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://cdn-images-3.listennotes.com/podcasts/amplifying-cognition-ross-dawson-Iemft4Gdr0k-ed84wITivxF.300x300.jpg',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.listennotes.com/podcasts/amplifying-cognition-ross-dawson-ed84wITivxF/',
             'cast': ['Tim O’Reilly', 'Cookie Monster', 'Lao Tzu', 'Wallace Steven', 'Eric Raymond', 'Christine Peterson', 'John Maynard Keyne', 'Ross Dawson'],
         },
     }, {
@@ -39,13 +37,13 @@ class ListenNotesIE(InfoExtractor):
             'id': 'lwEA3154JzG',
             'ext': 'mp3',
             'title': 'Episode 177: WireGuard with Jason Donenfeld',
-            'description': 'md5:24744f36456a3e95f83c1193a3458594',
+            'description': r're:(?s)Jason Donenfeld lead developer joins us this hour to discuss WireGuard, .{3169}',
             'duration': 3861.0,
             'channel': 'Ask Noah Show',
             'channel_id': '4DQTzdS5-j7',
             'episode_id': '8c8954b95e0b4859ad1eecec8bf6d3a4',
             'channel_url': 'https://www.listennotes.com/podcasts/ask-noah-show-noah-j-chelliah-4DQTzdS5-j7/',
-            'thumbnail': 'https://production.listennotes.com/podcasts/ask-noah-show-noah-j-chelliah-cfbRUw9Gs3F-4DQTzdS5-j7.300x300.jpg',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://cdn-images-3.listennotes.com/podcasts/ask-noah-show-noah-j-chelliah-gD7vG150cxf-4DQTzdS5-j7.300x300.jpg',
             'cast': ['noah showlink', 'noah show', 'noah dashboard', 'jason donenfeld'],
         },
     }]
@@ -70,7 +68,7 @@ class ListenNotesIE(InfoExtractor):
             'id': audio_id,
             'url': data['audio'],
             'title': (data.get('data-title')
-                      or try_call(lambda: get_element_text_and_html_by_tag('h1', webpage)[0])
+                      or traverse_obj(webpage, ({find_element(tag='h1')}, {clean_html}))
                       or self._html_search_meta(('og:title', 'title', 'twitter:title'), webpage, 'title')),
             'description': (self._clean_description(get_element_by_class('ln-text-p', webpage))
                             or strip_or_none(description)),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/litv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/litv.py
index 93f926a9ff..df9d141de3 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/litv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/litv.py
@@ -1,30 +1,32 @@
 import json
+import uuid
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     int_or_none,
+    join_nonempty,
     smuggle_url,
     traverse_obj,
     try_call,
     unsmuggle_url,
+    urljoin,
 )
 
 
 class LiTVIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?litv\.tv/(?:vod|promo)/[^/]+/(?:content\.do)?\?.*?\b(?:content_)?id=(?P<id>[^&]+)'
-
-    _URL_TEMPLATE = 'https://www.litv.tv/vod/%s/content.do?content_id=%s'
-
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?litv\.tv/(?:[^/?#]+/watch/|vod/[^/?#]+/content\.do\?content_id=)(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
+    _URL_TEMPLATE = 'https://www.litv.tv/%s/watch/%s'
+    _GEO_COUNTRIES = ['TW']
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.litv.tv/vod/drama/content.do?brc_id=root&id=VOD00041610&isUHEnabled=true&autoPlay=1',
+        'url': 'https://www.litv.tv/drama/watch/VOD00041610',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'VOD00041606',
             'title': '花千骨',
         },
         'playlist_count': 51,  # 50 episodes + 1 trailer
     }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.litv.tv/vod/drama/content.do?brc_id=root&id=VOD00041610&isUHEnabled=true&autoPlay=1',
+        'url': 'https://www.litv.tv/drama/watch/VOD00041610',
         'md5': 'b90ff1e9f1d8f5cfcd0a44c3e2b34c7a',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'VOD00041610',
@@ -32,16 +34,15 @@ class LiTVIE(InfoExtractor):
             'title': '花千骨第1集',
             'thumbnail': r're:https?://.*\.jpg$',
             'description': '《花千骨》陸劇線上看。十六年前，平靜的村莊內，一名女嬰隨異相出生，途徑此地的蜀山掌門清虛道長算出此女命運非同一般，她體內散發的異香易招惹妖魔。一念慈悲下，他在村莊周邊設下結界阻擋妖魔入侵，讓其年滿十六後去蜀山，並賜名花千骨。',
-            'categories': ['奇幻', '愛情', '中國', '仙俠'],
+            'categories': ['奇幻', '愛情', '仙俠', '古裝'],
             'episode': 'Episode 1',
             'episode_number': 1,
         },
         'params': {
             'noplaylist': True,
         },
-        'skip': 'Georestricted to Taiwan',
     }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.litv.tv/promo/miyuezhuan/?content_id=VOD00044841&',
+        'url': 'https://www.litv.tv/drama/watch/VOD00044841',
         'md5': '88322ea132f848d6e3e18b32a832b918',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'VOD00044841',
@@ -55,94 +56,62 @@ class LiTVIE(InfoExtractor):
     def _extract_playlist(self, playlist_data, content_type):
         all_episodes = [
             self.url_result(smuggle_url(
-                self._URL_TEMPLATE % (content_type, episode['contentId']),
+                self._URL_TEMPLATE % (content_type, episode['content_id']),
                 {'force_noplaylist': True}))  # To prevent infinite recursion
-            for episode in traverse_obj(playlist_data, ('seasons', ..., 'episode', lambda _, v: v['contentId']))]
+            for episode in traverse_obj(playlist_data, ('seasons', ..., 'episodes', lambda _, v: v['content_id']))]
 
-        return self.playlist_result(all_episodes, playlist_data['contentId'], playlist_data.get('title'))
+        return self.playlist_result(all_episodes, playlist_data['content_id'], playlist_data.get('title'))
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         url, smuggled_data = unsmuggle_url(url, {})
-
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
-
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+        vod_data = self._search_nextjs_data(webpage, video_id)['props']['pageProps']
 
-        if self._search_regex(
-                r'(?i)<meta\s[^>]*http-equiv="refresh"\s[^>]*content="[0-9]+;\s*url=https://www\.litv\.tv/"',
-                webpage, 'meta refresh redirect', default=False, group=0):
-            raise ExtractorError('No such content found', expected=True)
+        program_info = traverse_obj(vod_data, ('programInformation', {dict})) or {}
+        playlist_data = traverse_obj(vod_data, ('seriesTree'))
+        if playlist_data and self._yes_playlist(program_info.get('series_id'), video_id, smuggled_data):
+            return self._extract_playlist(playlist_data, program_info.get('content_type'))
 
-        program_info = self._parse_json(self._search_regex(
-            r'var\s+programInfo\s*=\s*([^;]+)', webpage, 'VOD data', default='{}'),
-            video_id)
+        asset_id = traverse_obj(program_info, ('assets', 0, 'asset_id', {str}))
+        if asset_id:  # This is a VOD
+            media_type = 'vod'
+        else:  # This is a live stream
+            asset_id = program_info['content_id']
+            media_type = program_info['content_type']
+        puid = try_call(lambda: self._get_cookies('https://www.litv.tv/')['PUID'].value)
+        if puid:
+            endpoint = 'get-urls'
+        else:
+            puid = str(uuid.uuid4())
+            endpoint = 'get-urls-no-auth'
+        video_data = self._download_json(
+            f'https://www.litv.tv/api/{endpoint}', video_id,
+            data=json.dumps({'AssetId': asset_id, 'MediaType': media_type, 'puid': puid}).encode(),
+            headers={'Content-Type': 'application/json'})
 
-        # In browsers `getProgramInfo` request is always issued. Usually this
-        # endpoint gives the same result as the data embedded in the webpage.
-        # If, for some reason, there are no embedded data, we do an extra request.
-        if 'assetId' not in program_info:
-            program_info = self._download_json(
-                'https://www.litv.tv/vod/ajax/getProgramInfo', video_id,
-                query={'contentId': video_id},
-                headers={'Accept': 'application/json'})
-
-        series_id = program_info['seriesId']
-        if self._yes_playlist(series_id, video_id, smuggled_data):
-            playlist_data = self._download_json(
-                'https://www.litv.tv/vod/ajax/getSeriesTree', video_id,
-                query={'seriesId': series_id}, headers={'Accept': 'application/json'})
-            return self._extract_playlist(playlist_data, program_info['contentType'])
-
-        video_data = self._parse_json(self._search_regex(
-            r'uiHlsUrl\s*=\s*testBackendData\(([^;]+)\);',
-            webpage, 'video data', default='{}'), video_id)
-        if not video_data:
-            payload = {'assetId': program_info['assetId']}
-            puid = try_call(lambda: self._get_cookies('https://www.litv.tv/')['PUID'].value)
-            if puid:
-                payload.update({
-                    'type': 'auth',
-                    'puid': puid,
-                })
-                endpoint = 'getUrl'
-            else:
-                payload.update({
-                    'watchDevices': program_info['watchDevices'],
-                    'contentType': program_info['contentType'],
-                })
-                endpoint = 'getMainUrlNoAuth'
-            video_data = self._download_json(
-                f'https://www.litv.tv/vod/ajax/{endpoint}', video_id,
-                data=json.dumps(payload).encode(),
-                headers={'Content-Type': 'application/json'})
-
-        if not video_data.get('fullpath'):
-            error_msg = video_data.get('errorMessage')
-            if error_msg == 'vod.error.outsideregionerror':
+        if error := traverse_obj(video_data, ('error', {dict})):
+            error_msg = traverse_obj(error, ('message', {str}))
+            if error_msg and 'OutsideRegionError' in error_msg:
                 self.raise_geo_restricted('This video is available in Taiwan only')
-            if error_msg:
+            elif error_msg:
                 raise ExtractorError(f'{self.IE_NAME} said: {error_msg}', expected=True)
-            raise ExtractorError(f'Unexpected result from {self.IE_NAME}')
+            raise ExtractorError(f'Unexpected error from {self.IE_NAME}')
 
         formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-            video_data['fullpath'], video_id, ext='mp4',
-            entry_protocol='m3u8_native', m3u8_id='hls')
+            video_data['result']['AssetURLs'][0], video_id, ext='mp4', m3u8_id='hls')
         for a_format in formats:
             # LiTV HLS segments doesn't like compressions
             a_format.setdefault('http_headers', {})['Accept-Encoding'] = 'identity'
 
-        title = program_info['title'] + program_info.get('secondaryMark', '')
-        description = program_info.get('description')
-        thumbnail = program_info.get('imageFile')
-        categories = [item['name'] for item in program_info.get('category', [])]
-        episode = int_or_none(program_info.get('episode'))
-
         return {
             'id': video_id,
             'formats': formats,
-            'title': title,
-            'description': description,
-            'thumbnail': thumbnail,
-            'categories': categories,
-            'episode_number': episode,
+            'title': join_nonempty('title', 'secondary_mark', delim='', from_dict=program_info),
+            **traverse_obj(program_info, {
+                'description': ('description', {str}),
+                'thumbnail': ('picture', {urljoin('https://p-cdnstatic.svc.litv.tv/')}),
+                'categories': ('genres', ..., 'name', {str}),
+                'episode_number': ('episode', {int_or_none}),
+            }),
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/lsm.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/lsm.py
index f5be08f97d..56c06d7458 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/lsm.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/lsm.py
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ class LSMLREmbedIE(InfoExtractor):
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         query = parse_qs(url)
         video_id = traverse_obj(query, (
-            ('show', 'id'), 0, {int_or_none}, {lambda x: x or None}, {str_or_none}), get_all=False)
+            ('show', 'id'), 0, {int_or_none}, filter, {str_or_none}), get_all=False)
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
 
         player_data, media_data = self._search_regex(
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/magentamusik.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/magentamusik.py
index 5bfc0a1545..24c46a1529 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/magentamusik.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/magentamusik.py
@@ -57,6 +57,6 @@ class MagentaMusikIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'duration': ('runtimeInSeconds', {int_or_none}),
                 'location': ('countriesOfProduction', {list}, {lambda x: join_nonempty(*x, delim=', ')}),
                 'release_year': ('yearOfProduction', {int_or_none}),
-                'categories': ('mainGenre', {str}, {lambda x: x and [x]}),
+                'categories': ('mainGenre', {str}, all, filter),
             })),
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/mediastream.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/mediastream.py
index ae0fb2aed2..d2a22f98f3 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/mediastream.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/mediastream.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ class MediaStreamBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
     _BASE_URL_RE = r'https?://mdstrm\.com/(?:embed|live-stream)'
 
     def _extract_mediastream_urls(self, webpage):
-        yield from traverse_obj(list(self._yield_json_ld(webpage, None, fatal=False)), (
+        yield from traverse_obj(list(self._yield_json_ld(webpage, None, default={})), (
             lambda _, v: v['@type'] == 'VideoObject', ('embedUrl', 'contentUrl'),
             {lambda x: x if re.match(rf'{self._BASE_URL_RE}/\w+', x) else None}))
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/microsoftembed.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/microsoftembed.py
index d0135f5a9c..2575d6c5e4 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/microsoftembed.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/microsoftembed.py
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ class MicrosoftEmbedIE(InfoExtractor):
             'timestamp': 1631658316,
             'upload_date': '20210914',
         },
+        'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: syntax error: line 1, column 0'],
     }]
     _API_URL = 'https://prod-video-cms-rt-microsoft-com.akamaized.net/vhs/api/videos/'
 
@@ -36,11 +37,11 @@ class MicrosoftEmbedIE(InfoExtractor):
         formats = []
         for source_type, source in metadata['streams'].items():
             if source_type == 'smooth_Streaming':
-                formats.extend(self._extract_ism_formats(source['url'], video_id, 'mss'))
+                formats.extend(self._extract_ism_formats(source['url'], video_id, 'mss', fatal=False))
             elif source_type == 'apple_HTTP_Live_Streaming':
-                formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(source['url'], video_id, 'mp4'))
+                formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(source['url'], video_id, 'mp4', fatal=False))
             elif source_type == 'mPEG_DASH':
-                formats.extend(self._extract_mpd_formats(source['url'], video_id))
+                formats.extend(self._extract_mpd_formats(source['url'], video_id, fatal=False))
             else:
                 formats.append({
                     'format_id': source_type,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/mildom.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/mildom.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 88a2b9e891..0000000000
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/mildom.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,291 +0,0 @@
-import functools
-import json
-import uuid
-
-from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import (
-    ExtractorError,
-    OnDemandPagedList,
-    determine_ext,
-    dict_get,
-    float_or_none,
-    traverse_obj,
-)
-
-
-class MildomBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _GUEST_ID = None
-
-    def _call_api(self, url, video_id, query=None, note='Downloading JSON metadata', body=None):
-        if not self._GUEST_ID:
-            self._GUEST_ID = f'pc-gp-{uuid.uuid4()}'
-
-        content = self._download_json(
-            url, video_id, note=note, data=json.dumps(body).encode() if body else None,
-            headers={'Content-Type': 'application/json'} if body else {},
-            query={
-                '__guest_id': self._GUEST_ID,
-                '__platform': 'web',
-                **(query or {}),
-            })
-
-        if content['code'] != 0:
-            raise ExtractorError(
-                f'Mildom says: {content["message"]} (code {content["code"]})',
-                expected=True)
-        return content['body']
-
-
-class MildomIE(MildomBaseIE):
-    IE_NAME = 'mildom'
-    IE_DESC = 'Record ongoing live by specific user in Mildom'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:(?:www|m)\.)mildom\.com/(?P<id>\d+)'
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        video_id = self._match_id(url)
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(f'https://www.mildom.com/{video_id}', video_id)
-
-        enterstudio = self._call_api(
-            'https://cloudac.mildom.com/nonolive/gappserv/live/enterstudio', video_id,
-            note='Downloading live metadata', query={'user_id': video_id})
-        result_video_id = enterstudio.get('log_id', video_id)
-
-        servers = self._call_api(
-            'https://cloudac.mildom.com/nonolive/gappserv/live/liveserver', result_video_id,
-            note='Downloading live server list', query={
-                'user_id': video_id,
-                'live_server_type': 'hls',
-            })
-
-        playback_token = self._call_api(
-            'https://cloudac.mildom.com/nonolive/gappserv/live/token', result_video_id,
-            note='Obtaining live playback token', body={'host_id': video_id, 'type': 'hls'})
-        playback_token = traverse_obj(playback_token, ('data', ..., 'token'), get_all=False)
-        if not playback_token:
-            raise ExtractorError('Failed to obtain live playback token')
-
-        formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-            f'{servers["stream_server"]}/{video_id}_master.m3u8?{playback_token}',
-            result_video_id, 'mp4', headers={
-                'Referer': 'https://www.mildom.com/',
-                'Origin': 'https://www.mildom.com',
-            })
-
-        for fmt in formats:
-            fmt.setdefault('http_headers', {})['Referer'] = 'https://www.mildom.com/'
-
-        return {
-            'id': result_video_id,
-            'title': self._html_search_meta('twitter:description', webpage, default=None) or traverse_obj(enterstudio, 'anchor_intro'),
-            'description': traverse_obj(enterstudio, 'intro', 'live_intro', expected_type=str),
-            'timestamp': float_or_none(enterstudio.get('live_start_ms'), scale=1000),
-            'uploader': self._html_search_meta('twitter:title', webpage, default=None) or traverse_obj(enterstudio, 'loginname'),
-            'uploader_id': video_id,
-            'formats': formats,
-            'is_live': True,
-        }
-
-
-class MildomVodIE(MildomBaseIE):
-    IE_NAME = 'mildom:vod'
-    IE_DESC = 'VOD in Mildom'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:(?:www|m)\.)mildom\.com/playback/(?P<user_id>\d+)/(?P<id>(?P=user_id)-[a-zA-Z0-9]+-?[0-9]*)'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.mildom.com/playback/10882672/10882672-1597662269',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '10882672-1597662269',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': '始めてのミルダム配信じゃぃ！',
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(png|jpg)$',
-            'upload_date': '20200817',
-            'duration': 4138.37,
-            'description': 'ゲームをしたくて！',
-            'timestamp': 1597662269.0,
-            'uploader_id': '10882672',
-            'uploader': 'kson組長(けいそん)',
-        },
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.mildom.com/playback/10882672/10882672-1597758589870-477',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '10882672-1597758589870-477',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': '【kson】感染メイズ！麻酔銃で無双する',
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(png|jpg)$',
-            'timestamp': 1597759093.0,
-            'uploader': 'kson組長(けいそん)',
-            'duration': 4302.58,
-            'uploader_id': '10882672',
-            'description': 'このステージ絶対乗り越えたい',
-            'upload_date': '20200818',
-        },
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.mildom.com/playback/10882672/10882672-buha9td2lrn97fk2jme0',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '10882672-buha9td2lrn97fk2jme0',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': '【kson組長】CART RACER!!!',
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(png|jpg)$',
-            'uploader_id': '10882672',
-            'uploader': 'kson組長(けいそん)',
-            'upload_date': '20201104',
-            'timestamp': 1604494797.0,
-            'duration': 4657.25,
-            'description': 'WTF',
-        },
-    }]
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        user_id, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('user_id', 'id')
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(f'https://www.mildom.com/playback/{user_id}/{video_id}', video_id)
-
-        autoplay = self._call_api(
-            'https://cloudac.mildom.com/nonolive/videocontent/playback/getPlaybackDetail', video_id,
-            note='Downloading playback metadata', query={
-                'v_id': video_id,
-            })['playback']
-
-        formats = [{
-            'url': autoplay['audio_url'],
-            'format_id': 'audio',
-            'protocol': 'm3u8_native',
-            'vcodec': 'none',
-            'acodec': 'aac',
-            'ext': 'm4a',
-        }]
-        for fmt in autoplay['video_link']:
-            formats.append({
-                'format_id': 'video-{}'.format(fmt['name']),
-                'url': fmt['url'],
-                'protocol': 'm3u8_native',
-                'width': fmt['level'] * autoplay['video_width'] // autoplay['video_height'],
-                'height': fmt['level'],
-                'vcodec': 'h264',
-                'acodec': 'aac',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-            })
-
-        return {
-            'id': video_id,
-            'title': self._html_search_meta(('og:description', 'description'), webpage, default=None) or autoplay.get('title'),
-            'description': traverse_obj(autoplay, 'video_intro'),
-            'timestamp': float_or_none(autoplay.get('publish_time'), scale=1000),
-            'duration': float_or_none(autoplay.get('video_length'), scale=1000),
-            'thumbnail': dict_get(autoplay, ('upload_pic', 'video_pic')),
-            'uploader': traverse_obj(autoplay, ('author_info', 'login_name')),
-            'uploader_id': user_id,
-            'formats': formats,
-        }
-
-
-class MildomClipIE(MildomBaseIE):
-    IE_NAME = 'mildom:clip'
-    IE_DESC = 'Clip in Mildom'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:(?:www|m)\.)mildom\.com/clip/(?P<id>(?P<user_id>\d+)-[a-zA-Z0-9]+)'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.mildom.com/clip/10042245-63921673e7b147ebb0806d42b5ba5ce9',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '10042245-63921673e7b147ebb0806d42b5ba5ce9',
-            'title': '全然違ったよ',
-            'timestamp': 1619181890,
-            'duration': 59,
-            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+',
-            'uploader': 'ざきんぽ',
-            'uploader_id': '10042245',
-        },
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.mildom.com/clip/10111524-ebf4036e5aa8411c99fb3a1ae0902864',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '10111524-ebf4036e5aa8411c99fb3a1ae0902864',
-            'title': 'かっこいい',
-            'timestamp': 1621094003,
-            'duration': 59,
-            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+',
-            'uploader': '(ルーキー',
-            'uploader_id': '10111524',
-        },
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.mildom.com/clip/10660174-2c539e6e277c4aaeb4b1fbe8d22cb902',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '10660174-2c539e6e277c4aaeb4b1fbe8d22cb902',
-            'title': 'あ',
-            'timestamp': 1614769431,
-            'duration': 31,
-            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+',
-            'uploader': 'ドルゴルスレンギーン＝ダグワドルジ',
-            'uploader_id': '10660174',
-        },
-    }]
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        user_id, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('user_id', 'id')
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(f'https://www.mildom.com/clip/{video_id}', video_id)
-
-        clip_detail = self._call_api(
-            'https://cloudac-cf-jp.mildom.com/nonolive/videocontent/clip/detail', video_id,
-            note='Downloading playback metadata', query={
-                'clip_id': video_id,
-            })
-
-        return {
-            'id': video_id,
-            'title': self._html_search_meta(
-                ('og:description', 'description'), webpage, default=None) or clip_detail.get('title'),
-            'timestamp': float_or_none(clip_detail.get('create_time')),
-            'duration': float_or_none(clip_detail.get('length')),
-            'thumbnail': clip_detail.get('cover'),
-            'uploader': traverse_obj(clip_detail, ('user_info', 'loginname')),
-            'uploader_id': user_id,
-
-            'url': clip_detail['url'],
-            'ext': determine_ext(clip_detail.get('url'), 'mp4'),
-        }
-
-
-class MildomUserVodIE(MildomBaseIE):
-    IE_NAME = 'mildom:user:vod'
-    IE_DESC = 'Download all VODs from specific user in Mildom'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:(?:www|m)\.)mildom\.com/profile/(?P<id>\d+)'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.mildom.com/profile/10093333',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '10093333',
-            'title': 'Uploads from ねこばたけ',
-        },
-        'playlist_mincount': 732,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.mildom.com/profile/10882672',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '10882672',
-            'title': 'Uploads from kson組長(けいそん)',
-        },
-        'playlist_mincount': 201,
-    }]
-
-    def _fetch_page(self, user_id, page):
-        page += 1
-        reply = self._call_api(
-            'https://cloudac.mildom.com/nonolive/videocontent/profile/playbackList',
-            user_id, note=f'Downloading page {page}', query={
-                'user_id': user_id,
-                'page': page,
-                'limit': '30',
-            })
-        if not reply:
-            return
-        for x in reply:
-            v_id = x.get('v_id')
-            if not v_id:
-                continue
-            yield self.url_result(f'https://www.mildom.com/playback/{user_id}/{v_id}')
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        user_id = self._match_id(url)
-        self.to_screen(f'This will download all VODs belonging to user. To download ongoing live video, use "https://www.mildom.com/{user_id}" instead')
-
-        profile = self._call_api(
-            'https://cloudac.mildom.com/nonolive/gappserv/user/profileV2', user_id,
-            query={'user_id': user_id}, note='Downloading user profile')['user_info']
-
-        return self.playlist_result(
-            OnDemandPagedList(functools.partial(self._fetch_page, user_id), 30),
-            user_id, f'Uploads from {profile["loginname"]}')
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/mitele.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/mitele.py
index 3573a2a3fd..76fef337a2 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/mitele.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/mitele.py
@@ -80,9 +80,9 @@ class MiTeleIE(TelecincoBaseIE):
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         display_id = self._match_id(url)
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
-        pre_player = self._parse_json(self._search_regex(
-            r'window\.\$REACTBASE_STATE\.prePlayer_mtweb\s*=\s*({.+})',
-            webpage, 'Pre Player'), display_id)['prePlayer']
+        pre_player = self._search_json(
+            r'window\.\$REACTBASE_STATE\.prePlayer_mtweb\s*=',
+            webpage, 'Pre Player', display_id)['prePlayer']
         title = pre_player['title']
         video_info = self._parse_content(pre_player['video'], url)
         content = pre_player.get('content') or {}
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/mixch.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/mixch.py
index 9b7c7b89b9..4bccc81bdc 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/mixch.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/mixch.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
 
 class MixchIE(InfoExtractor):
     IE_NAME = 'mixch'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?mixch\.tv/u/(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://mixch\.tv/u/(?P<id>\d+)'
 
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://mixch.tv/u/16943797/live',
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ class MixchIE(InfoExtractor):
             note='Downloading comments', errnote='Failed to download comments'), (..., {
                 'author': ('name', {str}),
                 'author_id': ('user_id', {str_or_none}),
-                'id': ('message_id', {str}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'id': ('message_id', {str}, filter),
                 'text': ('body', {str}),
                 'timestamp': ('created', {int}),
             }))
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ class MixchIE(InfoExtractor):
 
 class MixchArchiveIE(InfoExtractor):
     IE_NAME = 'mixch:archive'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?mixch\.tv/archive/(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://mixch\.tv/archive/(?P<id>\d+)'
 
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://mixch.tv/archive/421',
@@ -116,3 +116,56 @@ class MixchArchiveIE(InfoExtractor):
             'formats': self._extract_m3u8_formats(info_json['archiveURL'], video_id),
             'thumbnail': traverse_obj(info_json, ('thumbnailURL', {url_or_none})),
         }
+
+
+class MixchMovieIE(InfoExtractor):
+    IE_NAME = 'mixch:movie'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://mixch\.tv/m/(?P<id>\w+)'
+
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://mixch.tv/m/Ve8KNkJ5',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'Ve8KNkJ5',
+            'title': '夏☀️\nムービーへのポイントは本イベントに加算されないので配信にてお願い致します🙇🏻\u200d♀️\n#TGCCAMPUS #ミス東大 #ミス東大2024 ',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'uploader': 'ミス東大No.5 松藤百香🍑💫',
+            'uploader_id': '12299174',
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'timestamp': 1724070828,
+            'uploader_url': 'https://mixch.tv/u/12299174',
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
+            'upload_date': '20240819',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://mixch.tv/m/61DzpIKE',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        data = self._download_json(
+            f'https://mixch.tv/api-web/movies/{video_id}', video_id)
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'formats': [{
+                'format_id': 'mp4',
+                'url': data['movie']['file'],
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+            }],
+            **traverse_obj(data, {
+                'title': ('movie', 'title', {str}),
+                'thumbnail': ('movie', 'thumbnailURL', {url_or_none}),
+                'uploader': ('ownerInfo', 'name', {str}),
+                'uploader_id': ('ownerInfo', 'id', {int}, {str_or_none}),
+                'channel_follower_count': ('ownerInfo', 'fan', {int_or_none}),
+                'view_count': ('ownerInfo', 'view', {int_or_none}),
+                'like_count': ('movie', 'favCount', {int_or_none}),
+                'comment_count': ('movie', 'commentCount', {int_or_none}),
+                'timestamp': ('movie', 'published', {int_or_none}),
+                'uploader_url': ('ownerInfo', 'id', {lambda x: x and f'https://mixch.tv/u/{x}'}, filter),
+            }),
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/monstercat.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/monstercat.py
index 930c13e278..f17b91f5a2 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/monstercat.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/monstercat.py
@@ -4,15 +4,11 @@ from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
     clean_html,
     extract_attributes,
-    get_element_by_class,
-    get_element_html_by_class,
-    get_element_text_and_html_by_tag,
     int_or_none,
     strip_or_none,
-    traverse_obj,
-    try_call,
     unified_strdate,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import find_element, traverse_obj
 
 
 class MonstercatIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -26,19 +22,21 @@ class MonstercatIE(InfoExtractor):
             'thumbnail': 'https://www.monstercat.com/release/742779548009/cover',
             'release_date': '20230711',
             'album': 'The Secret Language of Trees',
-            'album_artist': 'BT',
+            'album_artists': ['BT'],
         },
     }]
 
     def _extract_tracks(self, table, album_meta):
         for td in re.findall(r'<tr[^<]*>((?:(?!</tr>)[\w\W])+)', table):  # regex by chatgpt due to lack of get_elements_by_tag
-            title = clean_html(try_call(
-                lambda: get_element_by_class('d-inline-flex flex-column', td).partition(' <span')[0]))
-            ids = extract_attributes(try_call(lambda: get_element_html_by_class('btn-play cursor-pointer mr-small', td)) or '')
+            title = traverse_obj(td, (
+                {find_element(cls='d-inline-flex flex-column')},
+                {lambda x: x.partition(' <span')}, 0, {clean_html}))
+            ids = traverse_obj(td, (
+                {find_element(cls='btn-play cursor-pointer mr-small', html=True)}, {extract_attributes})) or {}
             track_id = ids.get('data-track-id')
             release_id = ids.get('data-release-id')
 
-            track_number = int_or_none(try_call(lambda: get_element_by_class('py-xsmall', td)))
+            track_number = traverse_obj(td, ({find_element(cls='py-xsmall')}, {int_or_none}))
             if not track_id or not release_id:
                 self.report_warning(f'Skipping track {track_number}, ID(s) not found')
                 self.write_debug(f'release_id={release_id!r} track_id={track_id!r}')
@@ -48,7 +46,7 @@ class MonstercatIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'title': title,
                 'track': title,
                 'track_number': track_number,
-                'artist': clean_html(try_call(lambda: get_element_by_class('d-block fs-xxsmall', td))),
+                'artists': traverse_obj(td, ({find_element(cls='d-block fs-xxsmall')}, {clean_html}, all)),
                 'url': f'https://www.monstercat.com/api/release/{release_id}/track-stream/{track_id}',
                 'id': track_id,
                 'ext': 'mp3',
@@ -57,20 +55,19 @@ class MonstercatIE(InfoExtractor):
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         url_id = self._match_id(url)
         html = self._download_webpage(url, url_id)
-        # wrap all `get_elements` in `try_call`, HTMLParser has problems with site's html
-        tracklist_table = try_call(lambda: get_element_by_class('table table-small', html)) or ''
-
-        title = try_call(lambda: get_element_text_and_html_by_tag('h1', html)[0])
-        date = traverse_obj(html, ({lambda html: get_element_by_class('font-italic mb-medium d-tablet-none d-phone-block',
-                            html).partition('Released ')}, 2, {strip_or_none}, {unified_strdate}))
+        # NB: HTMLParser may choke on this html; use {find_element} or try_call(lambda: get_element...)
+        tracklist_table = traverse_obj(html, {find_element(cls='table table-small')}) or ''
+        title = traverse_obj(html, ({find_element(tag='h1')}, {clean_html}))
 
         album_meta = {
             'title': title,
             'album': title,
             'thumbnail': f'https://www.monstercat.com/release/{url_id}/cover',
-            'album_artist': try_call(
-                lambda: get_element_by_class('h-normal text-uppercase mb-desktop-medium mb-smallish', html)),
-            'release_date': date,
+            'album_artists': traverse_obj(html, (
+                {find_element(cls='h-normal text-uppercase mb-desktop-medium mb-smallish')}, {clean_html}, all)),
+            'release_date': traverse_obj(html, (
+                {find_element(cls='font-italic mb-medium d-tablet-none d-phone-block')},
+                {lambda x: x.partition('Released ')}, 2, {strip_or_none}, {unified_strdate})),
         }
 
         return self.playlist_result(
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/nebula.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/nebula.py
index cb8f6a67d4..42ef25f17f 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/nebula.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/nebula.py
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ class NebulaBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
 
     def _extract_video_metadata(self, episode):
         channel_url = traverse_obj(
-            episode, (('channel_slug', 'class_slug'), {lambda x: urljoin('https://nebula.tv/', x)}), get_all=False)
+            episode, (('channel_slug', 'class_slug'), {urljoin('https://nebula.tv/')}), get_all=False)
         return {
             'id': episode['id'].partition(':')[2],
             **traverse_obj(episode, {
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/nekohacker.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/nekohacker.py
index 537158e87b..7168a2080e 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/nekohacker.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/nekohacker.py
@@ -6,12 +6,10 @@ from ..utils import (
     determine_ext,
     extract_attributes,
     get_element_by_class,
-    get_element_text_and_html_by_tag,
     parse_duration,
-    traverse_obj,
-    try_call,
     url_or_none,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import find_element, traverse_obj
 
 
 class NekoHackerIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -35,7 +33,7 @@ class NekoHackerIE(InfoExtractor):
                     'acodec': 'mp3',
                     'release_date': '20221101',
                     'album': 'Nekoverse',
-                    'artist': 'Neko Hacker',
+                    'artists': ['Neko Hacker'],
                     'track': 'Spaceship',
                     'track_number': 1,
                     'duration': 195.0,
@@ -53,7 +51,7 @@ class NekoHackerIE(InfoExtractor):
                     'acodec': 'mp3',
                     'release_date': '20221101',
                     'album': 'Nekoverse',
-                    'artist': 'Neko Hacker',
+                    'artists': ['Neko Hacker'],
                     'track': 'City Runner',
                     'track_number': 2,
                     'duration': 148.0,
@@ -71,7 +69,7 @@ class NekoHackerIE(InfoExtractor):
                     'acodec': 'mp3',
                     'release_date': '20221101',
                     'album': 'Nekoverse',
-                    'artist': 'Neko Hacker',
+                    'artists': ['Neko Hacker'],
                     'track': 'Nature Talk',
                     'track_number': 3,
                     'duration': 174.0,
@@ -89,7 +87,7 @@ class NekoHackerIE(InfoExtractor):
                     'acodec': 'mp3',
                     'release_date': '20221101',
                     'album': 'Nekoverse',
-                    'artist': 'Neko Hacker',
+                    'artists': ['Neko Hacker'],
                     'track': 'Crystal World',
                     'track_number': 4,
                     'duration': 199.0,
@@ -115,7 +113,7 @@ class NekoHackerIE(InfoExtractor):
                     'acodec': 'mp3',
                     'release_date': '20210115',
                     'album': '進め！むじなカンパニー',
-                    'artist': 'Neko Hacker',
+                    'artists': ['Neko Hacker'],
                     'track': 'md5:1a5fcbc96ca3c3265b1c6f9f79f30fd0',
                     'track_number': 1,
                 },
@@ -132,7 +130,7 @@ class NekoHackerIE(InfoExtractor):
                     'acodec': 'mp3',
                     'release_date': '20210115',
                     'album': '進め！むじなカンパニー',
-                    'artist': 'Neko Hacker',
+                    'artists': ['Neko Hacker'],
                     'track': 'むじな de なじむ feat. 六科なじむ (CV: 日高里菜 )',
                     'track_number': 2,
                 },
@@ -149,7 +147,7 @@ class NekoHackerIE(InfoExtractor):
                     'acodec': 'mp3',
                     'release_date': '20210115',
                     'album': '進め！むじなカンパニー',
-                    'artist': 'Neko Hacker',
+                    'artists': ['Neko Hacker'],
                     'track': '進め！むじなカンパニー (instrumental)',
                     'track_number': 3,
                 },
@@ -166,7 +164,7 @@ class NekoHackerIE(InfoExtractor):
                     'acodec': 'mp3',
                     'release_date': '20210115',
                     'album': '進め！むじなカンパニー',
-                    'artist': 'Neko Hacker',
+                    'artists': ['Neko Hacker'],
                     'track': 'むじな de なじむ (instrumental)',
                     'track_number': 4,
                 },
@@ -181,14 +179,17 @@ class NekoHackerIE(InfoExtractor):
         playlist = get_element_by_class('playlist', webpage)
 
         if not playlist:
-            iframe = try_call(lambda: get_element_text_and_html_by_tag('iframe', webpage)[1]) or ''
-            iframe_src = url_or_none(extract_attributes(iframe).get('src'))
+            iframe_src = traverse_obj(webpage, (
+                {find_element(tag='iframe', html=True)}, {extract_attributes}, 'src', {url_or_none}))
             if not iframe_src:
                 raise ExtractorError('No playlist or embed found in webpage')
             elif re.match(r'https?://(?:\w+\.)?spotify\.com/', iframe_src):
                 raise ExtractorError('Spotify embeds are not supported', expected=True)
             return self.url_result(url, 'Generic')
 
+        player_params = self._search_json(
+            r'var srp_player_params_[\da-f]+\s*=', webpage, 'player params', playlist_id, default={})
+
         entries = []
         for track_number, track in enumerate(re.findall(r'(<li[^>]+data-audiopath[^>]+>)', playlist), 1):
             entry = traverse_obj(extract_attributes(track), {
@@ -200,12 +201,12 @@ class NekoHackerIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'album': 'data-albumtitle',
                 'duration': ('data-tracktime', {parse_duration}),
                 'release_date': ('data-releasedate', {lambda x: re.match(r'\d{8}', x.replace('.', ''))}, 0),
-                'thumbnail': ('data-albumart', {url_or_none}),
             })
             entries.append({
                 **entry,
+                'thumbnail': url_or_none(player_params.get('artwork')),
                 'track_number': track_number,
-                'artist': 'Neko Hacker',
+                'artists': ['Neko Hacker'],
                 'vcodec': 'none',
                 'acodec': 'mp3' if entry['ext'] == 'mp3' else None,
             })
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/neteasemusic.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/neteasemusic.py
index a759da2147..900b8b2a30 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/neteasemusic.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/neteasemusic.py
@@ -36,10 +36,6 @@ class NetEaseMusicBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
     _API_BASE = 'http://music.163.com/api/'
     _GEO_BYPASS = False
 
-    @staticmethod
-    def _kilo_or_none(value):
-        return int_or_none(value, scale=1000)
-
     def _create_eapi_cipher(self, api_path, query_body, cookies):
         request_text = json.dumps({**query_body, 'header': cookies}, separators=(',', ':'))
 
@@ -101,7 +97,7 @@ class NetEaseMusicBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'vcodec': 'none',
                 **traverse_obj(song, {
                     'ext': ('type', {str}),
-                    'abr': ('br', {self._kilo_or_none}),
+                    'abr': ('br', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                     'filesize': ('size', {int_or_none}),
                 }),
             })
@@ -282,9 +278,9 @@ class NetEaseMusicIE(NetEaseMusicBaseIE):
             **lyric_data,
             **traverse_obj(info, {
                 'title': ('name', {str}),
-                'timestamp': ('album', 'publishTime', {self._kilo_or_none}),
+                'timestamp': ('album', 'publishTime', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'thumbnail': ('album', 'picUrl', {url_or_none}),
-                'duration': ('duration', {self._kilo_or_none}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'album': ('album', 'name', {str}),
                 'average_rating': ('score', {int_or_none}),
             }),
@@ -440,7 +436,7 @@ class NetEaseMusicListIE(NetEaseMusicBaseIE):
             'tags': ('tags', ..., {str}),
             'uploader': ('creator', 'nickname', {str}),
             'uploader_id': ('creator', 'userId', {str_or_none}),
-            'timestamp': ('updateTime', {self._kilo_or_none}),
+            'timestamp': ('updateTime', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
         }))
         if traverse_obj(info, ('playlist', 'specialType')) == 10:
             metainfo['title'] = f'{metainfo.get("title")} {strftime_or_none(metainfo.get("timestamp"), "%Y-%m-%d")}'
@@ -517,10 +513,10 @@ class NetEaseMusicMvIE(NetEaseMusicBaseIE):
             'creators': traverse_obj(info, ('artists', ..., 'name')) or [info.get('artistName')],
             **traverse_obj(info, {
                 'title': ('name', {str}),
-                'description': (('desc', 'briefDesc'), {str}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'description': (('desc', 'briefDesc'), {str}, filter),
                 'upload_date': ('publishTime', {unified_strdate}),
                 'thumbnail': ('cover', {url_or_none}),
-                'duration': ('duration', {self._kilo_or_none}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'view_count': ('playCount', {int_or_none}),
                 'like_count': ('likeCount', {int_or_none}),
                 'comment_count': ('commentCount', {int_or_none}),
@@ -588,7 +584,7 @@ class NetEaseMusicProgramIE(NetEaseMusicBaseIE):
             'description': ('description', {str}),
             'creator': ('dj', 'brand', {str}),
             'thumbnail': ('coverUrl', {url_or_none}),
-            'timestamp': ('createTime', {self._kilo_or_none}),
+            'timestamp': ('createTime', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
         })
 
         if not self._yes_playlist(
@@ -598,7 +594,7 @@ class NetEaseMusicProgramIE(NetEaseMusicBaseIE):
             return {
                 'id': str(info['mainSong']['id']),
                 'formats': formats,
-                'duration': traverse_obj(info, ('mainSong', 'duration', {self._kilo_or_none})),
+                'duration': traverse_obj(info, ('mainSong', 'duration', {int_or_none(scale=1000)})),
                 **metainfo,
             }
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/nfl.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/nfl.py
index c537c1c47c..59213a44be 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/nfl.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/nfl.py
@@ -11,9 +11,12 @@ from ..utils import (
     clean_html,
     determine_ext,
     get_element_by_class,
-    traverse_obj,
+    int_or_none,
+    make_archive_id,
+    url_or_none,
     urlencode_postdata,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
 
 
 class NFLBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -75,22 +78,15 @@ class NFLBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
             'osVersion': '10.0',
         }, separators=(',', ':')).encode()).decode(),
         'networkType': 'other',
-        'nflClaimGroupsToAdd': [],
-        'nflClaimGroupsToRemove': [],
+        'peacockUUID': 'undefined',
     }
     _ACCOUNT_INFO = {}
-    _API_KEY = None
+    _API_KEY = '3_Qa8TkWpIB8ESCBT8tY2TukbVKgO5F6BJVc7N1oComdwFzI7H2L9NOWdm11i_BY9f'
 
     _TOKEN = None
     _TOKEN_EXPIRY = 0
 
-    def _get_account_info(self, url, slug):
-        if not self._API_KEY:
-            webpage = self._download_webpage(url, slug, fatal=False) or ''
-            self._API_KEY = self._search_regex(
-                r'window\.gigyaApiKey\s*=\s*["\'](\w+)["\'];', webpage, 'API key',
-                fatal=False) or '3_Qa8TkWpIB8ESCBT8tY2TukbVKgO5F6BJVc7N1oComdwFzI7H2L9NOWdm11i_BY9f'
-
+    def _get_account_info(self):
         cookies = self._get_cookies('https://auth-id.nfl.com/')
         login_token = traverse_obj(cookies, (
             (f'glt_{self._API_KEY}', lambda k, _: k.startswith('glt_')), {lambda x: x.value}), get_all=False)
@@ -103,7 +99,7 @@ class NFLBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'or else try using --cookies-from-browser instead', expected=True)
 
         account = self._download_json(
-            'https://auth-id.nfl.com/accounts.getAccountInfo', slug,
+            'https://auth-id.nfl.com/accounts.getAccountInfo', None,
             note='Downloading account info', data=urlencode_postdata({
                 'include': 'profile,data',
                 'lang': 'en',
@@ -111,7 +107,7 @@ class NFLBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'sdk': 'js_latest',
                 'login_token': login_token,
                 'authMode': 'cookie',
-                'pageURL': url,
+                'pageURL': 'https://www.nfl.com/',
                 'sdkBuild': traverse_obj(cookies, (
                     'gig_canary_ver', {lambda x: x.value.partition('-')[0]}), default='15170'),
                 'format': 'json',
@@ -126,55 +122,78 @@ class NFLBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
         if len(self._ACCOUNT_INFO) != 3:
             raise ExtractorError('Failed to retrieve account info with provided cookies', expected=True)
 
-    def _get_auth_token(self, url, slug):
+    def _get_auth_token(self):
         if self._TOKEN and self._TOKEN_EXPIRY > int(time.time() + 30):
             return
 
-        if not self._ACCOUNT_INFO:
-            self._get_account_info(url, slug)
-
         token = self._download_json(
             'https://api.nfl.com/identity/v3/token%s' % (
                 '/refresh' if self._ACCOUNT_INFO.get('refreshToken') else ''),
-            slug, headers={'Content-Type': 'application/json'}, note='Downloading access token',
+            None, headers={'Content-Type': 'application/json'}, note='Downloading access token',
             data=json.dumps({**self._CLIENT_DATA, **self._ACCOUNT_INFO}, separators=(',', ':')).encode())
 
         self._TOKEN = token['accessToken']
         self._TOKEN_EXPIRY = token['expiresIn']
         self._ACCOUNT_INFO['refreshToken'] = token['refreshToken']
 
+    def _extract_video(self, mcp_id, is_live=False):
+        self._get_auth_token()
+        data = self._download_json(
+            f'https://api.nfl.com/play/v1/asset/{mcp_id}', mcp_id, headers={
+                'Authorization': f'Bearer {self._TOKEN}',
+                'Accept': 'application/json',
+                'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+            }, data=json.dumps({'init': True, 'live': is_live}, separators=(',', ':')).encode())
+        formats, subtitles = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+            data['accessUrl'], mcp_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls')
+
+        return {
+            'id': mcp_id,
+            'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+            'is_live': is_live,
+            '_old_archive_ids': [make_archive_id(AnvatoIE, mcp_id)],
+            **traverse_obj(data, ('metadata', {
+                'title': ('event', ('def_title', 'friendlyName'), {str}, any),
+                'description': ('event', 'def_description', {str}),
+                'duration': ('event', 'duration', {int_or_none}),
+                'thumbnails': ('thumbnails', ..., 'url', {'url': {url_or_none}}),
+            })),
+        }
+
     def _parse_video_config(self, video_config, display_id):
         video_config = self._parse_json(video_config, display_id)
+        is_live = traverse_obj(video_config, ('live', {bool})) or False
         item = video_config['playlist'][0]
-        mcp_id = item.get('mcpID')
-        if mcp_id:
-            info = self.url_result(f'{self._ANVATO_PREFIX}{mcp_id}', AnvatoIE, mcp_id)
+        if mcp_id := item.get('mcpID'):
+            return self._extract_video(mcp_id, is_live=is_live)
+
+        info = {'id': item.get('id') or item['entityId']}
+
+        item_url = item['url']
+        ext = determine_ext(item_url)
+        if ext == 'm3u8':
+            info['formats'] = self._extract_m3u8_formats(item_url, info['id'], 'mp4')
         else:
-            media_id = item.get('id') or item['entityId']
-            title = item.get('title')
-            item_url = item['url']
-            info = {'id': media_id}
-            ext = determine_ext(item_url)
-            if ext == 'm3u8':
-                info['formats'] = self._extract_m3u8_formats(item_url, media_id, 'mp4')
-            else:
-                info['url'] = item_url
-                if item.get('audio') is True:
-                    info['vcodec'] = 'none'
-            is_live = video_config.get('live') is True
-            thumbnails = None
-            image_url = item.get(item.get('imageSrc')) or item.get(item.get('posterImage'))
-            if image_url:
-                thumbnails = [{
-                    'url': image_url,
-                    'ext': determine_ext(image_url, 'jpg'),
-                }]
-            info.update({
-                'title': title,
-                'is_live': is_live,
-                'description': clean_html(item.get('description')),
-                'thumbnails': thumbnails,
-            })
+            info['url'] = item_url
+            if item.get('audio') is True:
+                info['vcodec'] = 'none'
+
+        thumbnails = None
+        if image_url := traverse_obj(item, 'imageSrc', 'posterImage', expected_type=url_or_none):
+            thumbnails = [{
+                'url': image_url,
+                'ext': determine_ext(image_url, 'jpg'),
+            }]
+
+        info.update({
+            **traverse_obj(item, {
+                'title': ('title', {str}),
+                'description': ('description', {clean_html}),
+            }),
+            'is_live': is_live,
+            'thumbnails': thumbnails,
+        })
         return info
 
 
@@ -188,24 +207,20 @@ class NFLIE(NFLBaseIE):
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': "Baker Mayfield's game-changing plays from 3-TD game Week 14",
             'description': 'md5:85e05a3cc163f8c344340f220521136d',
-            'upload_date': '20201215',
-            'timestamp': 1608009755,
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
-            'uploader': 'NFL',
-            'tags': 'count:6',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+\.jpg',
             'duration': 157,
-            'categories': 'count:3',
+            '_old_archive_ids': ['anvato 899441'],
         },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.chiefs.com/listen/patrick-mahomes-travis-kelce-react-to-win-over-dolphins-the-breakdown',
-        'md5': '6886b32c24b463038c760ceb55a34566',
+        'md5': '92a517f05bd3eb50fe50244bc621aec8',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'd87e8790-3e14-11eb-8ceb-ff05c2867f99',
+            'id': '8b7c3625-a461-4751-8db4-85f536f2bbd0',
             'ext': 'mp3',
             'title': 'Patrick Mahomes, Travis Kelce React to Win Over Dolphins | The Breakdown',
             'description': 'md5:12ada8ee70e6762658c30e223e095075',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://static.clubs.nfl.com/image/private/t_editorial_landscape_12_desktop/v1571153441/chiefs/rfljejccnyhhkpkfq855',
         },
-        'skip': 'HTTP Error 404: Not Found',
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.buffalobills.com/video/buffalo-bills-military-recognition-week-14',
         'only_matching': True,
@@ -236,13 +251,16 @@ class NFLArticleIE(NFLBaseIE):
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         display_id = self._match_id(url)
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
-        entries = []
-        for video_config in re.findall(self._VIDEO_CONFIG_REGEX, webpage):
-            entries.append(self._parse_video_config(video_config, display_id))
+
+        def entries():
+            for video_config in re.findall(self._VIDEO_CONFIG_REGEX, webpage):
+                yield self._parse_video_config(video_config, display_id)
+
         title = clean_html(get_element_by_class(
             'nfl-c-article__title', webpage)) or self._html_search_meta(
             ['og:title', 'twitter:title'], webpage)
-        return self.playlist_result(entries, display_id, title)
+
+        return self.playlist_result(entries(), display_id, title)
 
 
 class NFLPlusReplayIE(NFLBaseIE):
@@ -307,6 +325,9 @@ class NFLPlusReplayIE(NFLBaseIE):
         'all_22': 'All-22',
     }
 
+    def _real_initialize(self):
+        self._get_account_info()
+
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         slug, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('slug', 'id')
         requested_types = self._configuration_arg('type', ['all'])
@@ -315,7 +336,7 @@ class NFLPlusReplayIE(NFLBaseIE):
         requested_types = traverse_obj(self._REPLAY_TYPES, (None, requested_types))
 
         if not video_id:
-            self._get_auth_token(url, slug)
+            self._get_auth_token()
             headers = {'Authorization': f'Bearer {self._TOKEN}'}
             game_id = self._download_json(
                 f'https://api.nfl.com/football/v2/games/externalId/slug/{slug}', slug,
@@ -328,14 +349,13 @@ class NFLPlusReplayIE(NFLBaseIE):
                     'items', lambda _, v: v['subType'] == requested_types[0], 'mcpPlaybackId'), get_all=False)
 
         if video_id:
-            return self.url_result(f'{self._ANVATO_PREFIX}{video_id}', AnvatoIE, video_id)
+            return self._extract_video(video_id)
 
         def entries():
             for replay in traverse_obj(
                 replays, ('items', lambda _, v: v['mcpPlaybackId'] and v['subType'] in requested_types),
             ):
-                video_id = replay['mcpPlaybackId']
-                yield self.url_result(f'{self._ANVATO_PREFIX}{video_id}', AnvatoIE, video_id)
+                yield self._extract_video(replay['mcpPlaybackId'])
 
         return self.playlist_result(entries(), slug)
 
@@ -362,12 +382,15 @@ class NFLPlusEpisodeIE(NFLBaseIE):
         'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
     }]
 
+    def _real_initialize(self):
+        self._get_account_info()
+
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         slug = self._match_id(url)
-        self._get_auth_token(url, slug)
+        self._get_auth_token()
         video_id = self._download_json(
             f'https://api.nfl.com/content/v1/videos/episodes/{slug}', slug, headers={
                 'Authorization': f'Bearer {self._TOKEN}',
             })['mcpPlaybackId']
 
-        return self.url_result(f'{self._ANVATO_PREFIX}{video_id}', AnvatoIE, video_id)
+        return self._extract_video(video_id)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/niconico.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/niconico.py
index e06740d62e..29fc1da1e2 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/niconico.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/niconico.py
@@ -371,11 +371,11 @@ class NiconicoIE(InfoExtractor):
             'acodec': 'aac',
             'vcodec': 'h264',
             **traverse_obj(audio_quality, ('metadata', {
-                'abr': ('bitrate', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                'abr': ('bitrate', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'asr': ('samplingRate', {int_or_none}),
             })),
             **traverse_obj(video_quality, ('metadata', {
-                'vbr': ('bitrate', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                'vbr': ('bitrate', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'height': ('resolution', 'height', {int_or_none}),
                 'width': ('resolution', 'width', {int_or_none}),
             })),
@@ -428,7 +428,7 @@ class NiconicoIE(InfoExtractor):
                 **audio_fmt,
                 **traverse_obj(audios, (lambda _, v: audio_fmt['format_id'].startswith(v['id']), {
                     'format_id': ('id', {str}),
-                    'abr': ('bitRate', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                    'abr': ('bitRate', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                     'asr': ('samplingRate', {int_or_none}),
                 }), get_all=False),
                 'acodec': 'aac',
@@ -869,7 +869,7 @@ class NicovideoTagURLIE(NicovideoSearchBaseIE):
 
 
 class NiconicoUserIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?nicovideo\.jp/user/(?P<id>\d+)/?(?:$|[#?])'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?nicovideo\.jp/user/(?P<id>\d+)(?:/video)?/?(?:$|[#?])'
     _TEST = {
         'url': 'https://www.nicovideo.jp/user/419948',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -877,7 +877,7 @@ class NiconicoUserIE(InfoExtractor):
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 101,
     }
-    _API_URL = 'https://nvapi.nicovideo.jp/v1/users/%s/videos?sortKey=registeredAt&sortOrder=desc&pageSize=%s&page=%s'
+    _API_URL = 'https://nvapi.nicovideo.jp/v2/users/%s/videos?sortKey=registeredAt&sortOrder=desc&pageSize=%s&page=%s'
     _PAGE_SIZE = 100
 
     _API_HEADERS = {
@@ -897,12 +897,13 @@ class NiconicoUserIE(InfoExtractor):
                 total_count = int_or_none(json_parsed['data'].get('totalCount'))
             for entry in json_parsed['data']['items']:
                 count += 1
-                yield self.url_result('https://www.nicovideo.jp/watch/{}'.format(entry['id']))
+                yield self.url_result(
+                    f'https://www.nicovideo.jp/watch/{entry["essential"]["id"]}', ie=NiconicoIE)
             page_num += 1
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         list_id = self._match_id(url)
-        return self.playlist_result(self._entries(list_id), list_id, ie=NiconicoIE.ie_key())
+        return self.playlist_result(self._entries(list_id), list_id)
 
 
 class NiconicoLiveIE(InfoExtractor):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/nubilesporn.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/nubilesporn.py
index c2079d8b07..47c7be61d5 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/nubilesporn.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/nubilesporn.py
@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ from ..utils import (
     get_element_html_by_class,
     get_elements_by_class,
     int_or_none,
-    try_call,
     unified_timestamp,
     urlencode_postdata,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import find_element, find_elements, traverse_obj
 
 
 class NubilesPornIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -70,9 +70,8 @@ class NubilesPornIE(InfoExtractor):
             url, get_element_by_class('watch-page-video-wrapper', page), video_id)[0]
 
         channel_id, channel_name = self._search_regex(
-            r'/video/website/(?P<id>\d+).+>(?P<name>\w+).com', get_element_html_by_class('site-link', page),
+            r'/video/website/(?P<id>\d+).+>(?P<name>\w+).com', get_element_html_by_class('site-link', page) or '',
             'channel', fatal=False, group=('id', 'name')) or (None, None)
-        channel_name = re.sub(r'([^A-Z]+)([A-Z]+)', r'\1 \2', channel_name)
 
         return {
             'id': video_id,
@@ -82,14 +81,14 @@ class NubilesPornIE(InfoExtractor):
             'thumbnail': media_entries.get('thumbnail'),
             'description': clean_html(get_element_html_by_class('content-pane-description', page)),
             'timestamp': unified_timestamp(get_element_by_class('date', page)),
-            'channel': channel_name,
+            'channel': re.sub(r'([^A-Z]+)([A-Z]+)', r'\1 \2', channel_name) if channel_name else None,
             'channel_id': channel_id,
             'channel_url': format_field(channel_id, None, 'https://members.nubiles-porn.com/video/website/%s'),
             'like_count': int_or_none(get_element_by_id('likecount', page)),
             'average_rating': float_or_none(get_element_by_class('score', page)),
             'age_limit': 18,
-            'categories': try_call(lambda: list(map(clean_html, get_elements_by_class('btn', get_element_by_class('categories', page))))),
-            'tags': try_call(lambda: list(map(clean_html, get_elements_by_class('btn', get_elements_by_class('tags', page)[1])))),
+            'categories': traverse_obj(page, ({find_element(cls='categories')}, {find_elements(cls='btn')}, ..., {clean_html})),
+            'tags': traverse_obj(page, ({find_elements(cls='tags')}, 1, {find_elements(cls='btn')}, ..., {clean_html})),
             'cast': get_elements_by_class('content-pane-performer', page),
             'availability': 'needs_auth',
             'series': channel_name,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/nytimes.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/nytimes.py
index 5ec3cdd675..9ef57410ac 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/nytimes.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/nytimes.py
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ class NYTimesArticleIE(NYTimesBaseIE):
         details = traverse_obj(block, {
             'id': ('sourceId', {str}),
             'uploader': ('bylines', ..., 'renderedRepresentation', {str}),
-            'duration': (None, (('duration', {lambda x: float_or_none(x, scale=1000)}), ('length', {int_or_none}))),
+            'duration': (None, (('duration', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}), ('length', {int_or_none}))),
             'timestamp': ('firstPublished', {parse_iso8601}),
             'series': ('podcastSeries', {str}),
         }, get_all=False)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/ondemandkorea.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/ondemandkorea.py
index 591b4147eb..1921f3fd8a 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/ondemandkorea.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/ondemandkorea.py
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ class OnDemandKoreaIE(InfoExtractor):
             **traverse_obj(data, {
                 'thumbnail': ('episode', 'images', 'thumbnail', {url_or_none}),
                 'release_date': ('episode', 'release_date', {lambda x: x.replace('-', '')}, {unified_strdate}),
-                'duration': ('duration', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'age_limit': ('age_rating', 'name', {lambda x: x.replace('R', '')}, {parse_age_limit}),
                 'series': ('episode', {if_series(key='program')}, 'title'),
                 'series_id': ('episode', {if_series(key='program')}, 'id', {str_or_none}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/orf.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/orf.py
index 9c37a54d62..12c4a21041 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/orf.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/orf.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import base64
-import functools
 import re
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
@@ -192,7 +191,7 @@ class ORFPodcastIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'ext': ('enclosures', 0, 'type', {mimetype2ext}),
                 'title': 'title',
                 'description': ('description', {clean_html}),
-                'duration': ('duration', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'series': ('podcast', 'title'),
             })),
         }
@@ -494,7 +493,7 @@ class ORFONIE(InfoExtractor):
         return traverse_obj(api_json, {
             'id': ('id', {int}, {str_or_none}),
             'age_limit': ('age_classification', {parse_age_limit}),
-            'duration': ('exact_duration', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+            'duration': ('exact_duration', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
             'title': (('title', 'headline'), {str}),
             'description': (('description', 'teaser_text'), {str}),
             'media_type': ('video_type', {str}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/parler.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/parler.py
index 9be288a7d0..e5bb3be4ee 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/parler.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/parler.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-import functools
-
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from .youtube import YoutubeIE
 from ..utils import (
@@ -83,7 +81,7 @@ class ParlerIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'timestamp': ('date_created', {unified_timestamp}),
                 'uploader': ('user', 'name', {strip_or_none}),
                 'uploader_id': ('user', 'username', {str}),
-                'uploader_url': ('user', 'username', {functools.partial(urljoin, 'https://parler.com/')}),
+                'uploader_url': ('user', 'username', {urljoin('https://parler.com/')}),
                 'view_count': ('views', {int_or_none}),
                 'comment_count': ('total_comments', {int_or_none}),
                 'repost_count': ('echos', {int_or_none}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/patreon.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/patreon.py
index 4d668cd37d..6bdeaf1571 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/patreon.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/patreon.py
@@ -16,10 +16,10 @@ from ..utils import (
     parse_iso8601,
     smuggle_url,
     str_or_none,
-    traverse_obj,
     url_or_none,
     urljoin,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj, value
 
 
 class PatreonBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -252,6 +252,27 @@ class PatreonIE(PatreonBaseIE):
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.+',
         },
         'skip': 'Patron-only content',
+    }, {
+        # Contains a comment reply in the 'included' section
+        'url': 'https://www.patreon.com/posts/114721679',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '114721679',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'upload_date': '20241025',
+            'uploader': 'Japanalysis',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.+',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'title': 'Karasawa Part 2',
+            'description': 'Part 2 of this video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Azms2-VTASk',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.patreon.com/japanalysis',
+            'uploader_id': '80504268',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.patreon.com/japanalysis',
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'timestamp': 1729897015,
+            'channel_id': '9346307',
+        },
+        'params': {'getcomments': True},
     }]
     _RETURN_TYPE = 'video'
 
@@ -404,26 +425,24 @@ class PatreonIE(PatreonBaseIE):
                 f'posts/{post_id}/comments', post_id, query=params, note=f'Downloading comments page {page}')
 
             cursor = None
-            for comment in traverse_obj(response, (('data', ('included', lambda _, v: v['type'] == 'comment')), ...)):
+            for comment in traverse_obj(response, (('data', 'included'), lambda _, v: v['type'] == 'comment' and v['id'])):
                 count += 1
-                comment_id = comment.get('id')
-                attributes = comment.get('attributes') or {}
-                if comment_id is None:
-                    continue
                 author_id = traverse_obj(comment, ('relationships', 'commenter', 'data', 'id'))
-                author_info = traverse_obj(
-                    response, ('included', lambda _, v: v['id'] == author_id and v['type'] == 'user', 'attributes'),
-                    get_all=False, expected_type=dict, default={})
 
                 yield {
-                    'id': comment_id,
-                    'text': attributes.get('body'),
-                    'timestamp': parse_iso8601(attributes.get('created')),
-                    'parent': traverse_obj(comment, ('relationships', 'parent', 'data', 'id'), default='root'),
-                    'author_is_uploader': attributes.get('is_by_creator'),
+                    **traverse_obj(comment, {
+                        'id': ('id', {str_or_none}),
+                        'text': ('attributes', 'body', {str}),
+                        'timestamp': ('attributes', 'created', {parse_iso8601}),
+                        'parent': ('relationships', 'parent', 'data', ('id', {value('root')}), {str}, any),
+                        'author_is_uploader': ('attributes', 'is_by_creator', {bool}),
+                    }),
+                    **traverse_obj(response, (
+                        'included', lambda _, v: v['id'] == author_id and v['type'] == 'user', 'attributes', {
+                            'author': ('full_name', {str}),
+                            'author_thumbnail': ('image_url', {url_or_none}),
+                        }), get_all=False),
                     'author_id': author_id,
-                    'author': author_info.get('full_name'),
-                    'author_thumbnail': author_info.get('image_url'),
                 }
 
             if count < traverse_obj(response, ('meta', 'count')):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/pialive.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/pialive.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7469135c1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/pialive.py
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
+    clean_html,
+    extract_attributes,
+    get_element_by_class,
+    get_element_html_by_class,
+    multipart_encode,
+    str_or_none,
+    unified_timestamp,
+    url_or_none,
+)
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+
+
+class PiaLiveIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://player\.pia-live\.jp/stream/(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
+    _PLAYER_ROOT_URL = 'https://player.pia-live.jp/'
+    _PIA_LIVE_API_URL = 'https://api.pia-live.jp'
+    _API_KEY = 'kfds)FKFps-dms9e'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://player.pia-live.jp/stream/4JagFBEIM14s_hK9aXHKf3k3F3bY5eoHFQxu68TC6krUDqGOwN4d61dCWQYOd6CTxl4hjya9dsfEZGsM4uGOUdax60lEI4twsXGXf7crmz8Gk__GhupTrWxA7RFRVt76',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '88f3109a-f503-4d0f-a9f7-9f39ac745d84',
+            'display_id': '2431867_001',
+            'title': 'こながめでたい日２０２４の視聴ページ | PIA LIVE STREAM(ぴあライブストリーム)',
+            'live_status': 'was_live',
+            'comment_count': int,
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'getcomments': True,
+            'skip_download': True,
+            'ignore_no_formats_error': True,
+        },
+        'skip': 'The video is no longer available',
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://player.pia-live.jp/stream/4JagFBEIM14s_hK9aXHKf3k3F3bY5eoHFQxu68TC6krJdu0GVBVbVy01IwpJ6J3qBEm3d9TCTt1d0eWpsZGj7DrOjVOmS7GAWGwyscMgiThopJvzgWC4H5b-7XQjAfRZ',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '9ce8b8ba-f6d1-4d1f-83a0-18c3148ded93',
+            'display_id': '2431867_002',
+            'title': 'こながめでたい日２０２４の視聴ページ | PIA LIVE STREAM(ぴあライブストリーム)',
+            'live_status': 'was_live',
+            'comment_count': int,
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'getcomments': True,
+            'skip_download': True,
+            'ignore_no_formats_error': True,
+        },
+        'skip': 'The video is no longer available',
+    }]
+
+    def _extract_var(self, variable, html):
+        return self._search_regex(
+            rf'(?:var|const|let)\s+{variable}\s*=\s*(["\'])(?P<value>(?:(?!\1).)+)\1',
+            html, f'variable {variable}', group='value')
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_key = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_key)
+
+        program_code = self._extract_var('programCode', webpage)
+        article_code = self._extract_var('articleCode', webpage)
+        title = self._html_extract_title(webpage)
+
+        if get_element_html_by_class('play-end', webpage):
+            raise ExtractorError('The video is no longer available', expected=True, video_id=program_code)
+
+        if start_info := clean_html(get_element_by_class('play-waiting__date', webpage)):
+            date, time = self._search_regex(
+                r'(?P<date>\d{4}/\d{1,2}/\d{1,2})\([月火水木金土日]\)(?P<time>\d{2}:\d{2})',
+                start_info, 'start_info', fatal=False, group=('date', 'time'))
+            if date and time:
+                release_timestamp_str = f'{date} {time} +09:00'
+                release_timestamp = unified_timestamp(release_timestamp_str)
+                self.raise_no_formats(f'The video will be available after {release_timestamp_str}', expected=True)
+                return {
+                    'id': program_code,
+                    'title': title,
+                    'live_status': 'is_upcoming',
+                    'release_timestamp': release_timestamp,
+                }
+
+        payload, content_type = multipart_encode({
+            'play_url': video_key,
+            'api_key': self._API_KEY,
+        })
+        api_data_and_headers = {
+            'data': payload,
+            'headers': {'Content-Type': content_type, 'Referer': self._PLAYER_ROOT_URL},
+        }
+
+        player_tag_list = self._download_json(
+            f'{self._PIA_LIVE_API_URL}/perf/player-tag-list/{program_code}', program_code,
+            'Fetching player tag list', 'Unable to fetch player tag list', **api_data_and_headers)
+
+        return self.url_result(
+            extract_attributes(player_tag_list['data']['movie_one_tag'])['src'],
+            url_transparent=True, title=title, display_id=program_code,
+            __post_extractor=self.extract_comments(program_code, article_code, api_data_and_headers))
+
+    def _get_comments(self, program_code, article_code, api_data_and_headers):
+        chat_room_url = traverse_obj(self._download_json(
+            f'{self._PIA_LIVE_API_URL}/perf/chat-tag-list/{program_code}/{article_code}', program_code,
+            'Fetching chat info', 'Unable to fetch chat info', fatal=False, **api_data_and_headers),
+            ('data', 'chat_one_tag', {extract_attributes}, 'src', {url_or_none}))
+        if not chat_room_url:
+            return
+        comment_page = self._download_webpage(
+            chat_room_url, program_code, 'Fetching comment page', 'Unable to fetch comment page',
+            fatal=False, headers={'Referer': self._PLAYER_ROOT_URL})
+        if not comment_page:
+            return
+        yield from traverse_obj(self._search_json(
+            r'var\s+_history\s*=', comment_page, 'comment list',
+            program_code, contains_pattern=r'\[(?s:.+)\]', fatal=False), (..., {
+                'timestamp': (0, {int}),
+                'author_is_uploader': (1, {lambda x: x == 2}),
+                'author': (2, {str}),
+                'text': (3, {str}),
+                'id': (4, {str_or_none}),
+            }))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/piaulizaportal.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/piaulizaportal.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 1eb6d92b72..0000000000
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/piaulizaportal.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
-from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import (
-    ExtractorError,
-    int_or_none,
-    parse_qs,
-    time_seconds,
-    traverse_obj,
-)
-
-
-class PIAULIZAPortalIE(InfoExtractor):
-    IE_DESC = 'ulizaportal.jp - PIA LIVE STREAM'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?ulizaportal\.jp/pages/(?P<id>[\da-f]{8}-(?:[\da-f]{4}-){3}[\da-f]{12})'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://ulizaportal.jp/pages/005f18b7-e810-5618-cb82-0987c5755d44',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '005f18b7-e810-5618-cb82-0987c5755d44',
-            'title': 'プレゼンテーションプレイヤーのサンプル',
-            'live_status': 'not_live',
-        },
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': True,
-            'ignore_no_formats_error': True,
-        },
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://ulizaportal.jp/pages/005e1b23-fe93-5780-19a0-98e917cc4b7d?expires=4102412400&signature=f422a993b683e1068f946caf406d211c17d1ef17da8bef3df4a519502155aa91&version=1',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '005e1b23-fe93-5780-19a0-98e917cc4b7d',
-            'title': '【確認用】視聴サンプルページ（ULIZA）',
-            'live_status': 'not_live',
-        },
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': True,
-            'ignore_no_formats_error': True,
-        },
-    }]
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        video_id = self._match_id(url)
-
-        expires = int_or_none(traverse_obj(parse_qs(url), ('expires', 0)))
-        if expires and expires <= time_seconds():
-            raise ExtractorError('The link is expired.', video_id=video_id, expected=True)
-
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
-
-        player_data = self._download_webpage(
-            self._search_regex(
-                r'<script [^>]*\bsrc="(https://player-api\.p\.uliza\.jp/v1/players/[^"]+)"',
-                webpage, 'player data url'),
-            video_id, headers={'Referer': 'https://ulizaportal.jp/'},
-            note='Fetching player data', errnote='Unable to fetch player data')
-
-        formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-            self._search_regex(
-                r'["\'](https://vms-api\.p\.uliza\.jp/v1/prog-index\.m3u8[^"\']+)', player_data,
-                'm3u8 url', default=None),
-            video_id, fatal=False)
-        m3u8_type = self._search_regex(
-            r'/hls/(dvr|video)/', traverse_obj(formats, (0, 'url')), 'm3u8 type', default=None)
-
-        return {
-            'id': video_id,
-            'title': self._html_extract_title(webpage),
-            'formats': formats,
-            'live_status': {
-                'video': 'is_live',
-                'dvr': 'was_live',  # short-term archives
-            }.get(m3u8_type, 'not_live'),  # VOD or long-term archives
-        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/pokemon.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/pokemon.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 1769684f72..0000000000
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/pokemon.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,136 +0,0 @@
-from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import (
-    ExtractorError,
-    extract_attributes,
-    int_or_none,
-    js_to_json,
-    merge_dicts,
-)
-
-
-class PokemonIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?pokemon\.com/[a-z]{2}(?:.*?play=(?P<id>[a-z0-9]{32})|/(?:[^/]+/)+(?P<display_id>[^/?#&]+))'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.pokemon.com/us/pokemon-episodes/20_30-the-ol-raise-and-switch/',
-        'md5': '2fe8eaec69768b25ef898cda9c43062e',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'afe22e30f01c41f49d4f1d9eab5cd9a4',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'The Ol’ Raise and Switch!',
-            'description': 'md5:7db77f7107f98ba88401d3adc80ff7af',
-        },
-        'add_id': ['LimelightMedia'],
-    }, {
-        # no data-video-title
-        'url': 'https://www.pokemon.com/fr/episodes-pokemon/films-pokemon/pokemon-lascension-de-darkrai-2008',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'dfbaf830d7e54e179837c50c0c6cc0e1',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': "Pokémon : L'ascension de Darkrai",
-            'description': 'md5:d1dbc9e206070c3e14a06ff557659fb5',
-        },
-        'add_id': ['LimelightMedia'],
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': True,
-        },
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.pokemon.com/uk/pokemon-episodes/?play=2e8b5c761f1d4a9286165d7748c1ece2',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.pokemon.com/fr/episodes-pokemon/18_09-un-hiver-inattendu/',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.pokemon.com/de/pokemon-folgen/01_20-bye-bye-smettbo/',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }]
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        video_id, display_id = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id or display_id)
-        video_data = extract_attributes(self._search_regex(
-            r'(<[^>]+data-video-id="{}"[^>]*>)'.format(video_id if video_id else '[a-z0-9]{32}'),
-            webpage, 'video data element'))
-        video_id = video_data['data-video-id']
-        title = video_data.get('data-video-title') or self._html_search_meta(
-            'pkm-title', webpage, ' title', default=None) or self._search_regex(
-            r'<h1[^>]+\bclass=["\']us-title[^>]+>([^<]+)', webpage, 'title')
-        return {
-            '_type': 'url_transparent',
-            'id': video_id,
-            'url': f'limelight:media:{video_id}',
-            'title': title,
-            'description': video_data.get('data-video-summary'),
-            'thumbnail': video_data.get('data-video-poster'),
-            'series': 'Pokémon',
-            'season_number': int_or_none(video_data.get('data-video-season')),
-            'episode': title,
-            'episode_number': int_or_none(video_data.get('data-video-episode')),
-            'ie_key': 'LimelightMedia',
-        }
-
-
-class PokemonWatchIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://watch\.pokemon\.com/[a-z]{2}-[a-z]{2}/(?:#/)?player(?:\.html)?\?id=(?P<id>[a-z0-9]{32})'
-    _API_URL = 'https://www.pokemon.com/api/pokemontv/v2/channels/{0:}'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://watch.pokemon.com/en-us/player.html?id=8309a40969894a8e8d5bc1311e9c5667',
-        'md5': '62833938a31e61ab49ada92f524c42ff',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '8309a40969894a8e8d5bc1311e9c5667',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Lillier and the Staff!',
-            'description': 'md5:338841b8c21b283d24bdc9b568849f04',
-        },
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://watch.pokemon.com/en-us/#/player?id=3fe7752ba09141f0b0f7756d1981c6b2',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://watch.pokemon.com/de-de/player.html?id=b3c402e111a4459eb47e12160ab0ba07',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }]
-
-    def _extract_media(self, channel_array, video_id):
-        for channel in channel_array:
-            for media in channel.get('media'):
-                if media.get('id') == video_id:
-                    return media
-        return None
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        video_id = self._match_id(url)
-
-        info = {
-            '_type': 'url',
-            'id': video_id,
-            'url': f'limelight:media:{video_id}',
-            'ie_key': 'LimelightMedia',
-        }
-
-        # API call can be avoided entirely if we are listing formats
-        if self.get_param('listformats', False):
-            return info
-
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
-        build_vars = self._parse_json(self._search_regex(
-            r'(?s)buildVars\s*=\s*({.*?})', webpage, 'build vars'),
-            video_id, transform_source=js_to_json)
-        region = build_vars.get('region')
-        channel_array = self._download_json(self._API_URL.format(region), video_id)
-        video_data = self._extract_media(channel_array, video_id)
-
-        if video_data is None:
-            raise ExtractorError(
-                f'Video {video_id} does not exist', expected=True)
-
-        info['_type'] = 'url_transparent'
-        images = video_data.get('images')
-
-        return merge_dicts(info, {
-            'title': video_data.get('title'),
-            'description': video_data.get('description'),
-            'thumbnail': images.get('medium') or images.get('small'),
-            'series': 'Pokémon',
-            'season_number': int_or_none(video_data.get('season')),
-            'episode': video_data.get('title'),
-            'episode_number': int_or_none(video_data.get('episode')),
-        })
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/pornbox.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/pornbox.py
index e15244dac0..0996e4d979 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/pornbox.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/pornbox.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
+
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import functools
 from ..utils import (
     int_or_none,
     parse_duration,
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ class PornboxIE(InfoExtractor):
         get_quality = qualities(['web', 'vga', 'hd', '1080p', '4k', '8k'])
         metadata['formats'] = traverse_obj(stream_data, ('qualities', lambda _, v: v['src'], {
             'url': 'src',
-            'vbr': ('bitrate', {functools.partial(int_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+            'vbr': ('bitrate', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
             'format_id': ('quality', {str_or_none}),
             'quality': ('quality', {get_quality}),
             'width': ('size', {lambda x: int(x[:-1])}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/pr0gramm.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/pr0gramm.py
index b0d6475fe4..d5d6ecdfd8 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/pr0gramm.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/pr0gramm.py
@@ -198,6 +198,6 @@ class Pr0grammIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'dislike_count': ('down', {int}),
                 'timestamp': ('created', {int}),
                 'upload_date': ('created', {int}, {dt.date.fromtimestamp}, {lambda x: x.strftime('%Y%m%d')}),
-                'thumbnail': ('thumb', {lambda x: urljoin('https://thumb.pr0gramm.com', x)}),
+                'thumbnail': ('thumb', {urljoin('https://thumb.pr0gramm.com')}),
             }),
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/qdance.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/qdance.py
index 934ebbfd70..4f71657c3f 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/qdance.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/qdance.py
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ class QDanceIE(InfoExtractor):
             'description': ('description', {str.strip}),
             'display_id': ('slug', {str}),
             'thumbnail': ('thumbnail', {url_or_none}),
-            'duration': ('durationInSeconds', {int_or_none}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+            'duration': ('durationInSeconds', {int_or_none}, filter),
             'availability': ('subscription', 'level', {extract_availability}),
             'is_live': ('type', {lambda x: x.lower() == 'live'}),
             'artist': ('acts', ..., {str}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/qqmusic.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/qqmusic.py
index d0238692f6..fb46e0d124 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/qqmusic.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/qqmusic.py
@@ -211,10 +211,10 @@ class QQMusicIE(QQMusicBaseIE):
             'formats': formats,
             **traverse_obj(info_data, {
                 'title': ('title', {str}),
-                'album': ('album', 'title', {str}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'album': ('album', 'title', {str}, filter),
                 'release_date': ('time_public', {lambda x: x.replace('-', '') or None}),
                 'creators': ('singer', ..., 'name', {str}),
-                'alt_title': ('subtitle', {str}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'alt_title': ('subtitle', {str}, filter),
                 'duration': ('interval', {int_or_none}),
             }),
             **traverse_obj(init_data, ('detail', {
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/radioradicale.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/radioradicale.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..472e25c45f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/radioradicale.py
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import url_or_none
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+
+
+class RadioRadicaleIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?radioradicale\.it/scheda/(?P<id>[0-9]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.radioradicale.it/scheda/471591',
+        'md5': 'eb0fbe43a601f1a361cbd00f3c45af4a',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '471591',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'md5:e8fbb8de57011a3255db0beca69af73d',
+            'description': 'md5:5e15a789a2fe4d67da8d1366996e89ef',
+            'location': 'Napoli',
+            'duration': 2852.0,
+            'timestamp': 1459987200,
+            'upload_date': '20160407',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://www.radioradicale.it/photo400/0/0/9/0/1/00901768.jpg',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.radioradicale.it/scheda/742783/parlamento-riunito-in-seduta-comune-11a-della-xix-legislatura',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '742783',
+            'title': 'Parlamento riunito in seduta comune (11ª della XIX legislatura)',
+            'description': '-) Votazione per l\'elezione di un giudice della Corte Costituzionale (nono scrutinio)',
+            'location': 'CAMERA',
+            'duration': 5868.0,
+            'timestamp': 1730246400,
+            'upload_date': '20241030',
+        },
+        'playlist': [{
+            'md5': 'aa48de55dcc45478e4cd200f299aab7d',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '742783-0',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'Parlamento riunito in seduta comune (11ª della XIX legislatura)',
+            },
+        }, {
+            'md5': 'be915c189c70ad2920e5810f32260ff5',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '742783-1',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'Parlamento riunito in seduta comune (11ª della XIX legislatura)',
+            },
+        }, {
+            'md5': 'f0ee4047342baf8ed3128a8417ac5e0a',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '742783-2',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'Parlamento riunito in seduta comune (11ª della XIX legislatura)',
+            },
+        }],
+    }]
+
+    def _entries(self, videos_info, page_id):
+        for idx, video in enumerate(traverse_obj(
+                videos_info, ('playlist', lambda _, v: v['sources']))):
+            video_id = f'{page_id}-{idx}'
+            formats = []
+            subtitles = {}
+
+            for m3u8_url in traverse_obj(video, ('sources', ..., 'src', {url_or_none})):
+                fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(m3u8_url, video_id)
+                formats.extend(fmts)
+                self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
+            for sub in traverse_obj(video, ('subtitles', ..., lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['src']))):
+                self._merge_subtitles({sub.get('srclang') or 'und': [{
+                    'url': sub['src'],
+                    'name': sub.get('label'),
+                }]}, target=subtitles)
+
+            yield {
+                'id': video_id,
+                'title': video.get('title'),
+                'formats': formats,
+                'subtitles': subtitles,
+            }
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        page_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, page_id)
+
+        videos_info = self._search_json(
+            r'jQuery\.extend\(Drupal\.settings\s*,',
+            webpage, 'videos_info', page_id)['RRscheda']
+
+        entries = list(self._entries(videos_info, page_id))
+
+        common_info = {
+            'id': page_id,
+            'title': self._og_search_title(webpage),
+            'description': self._og_search_description(webpage),
+            'location': videos_info.get('luogo'),
+            **self._search_json_ld(webpage, page_id),
+        }
+
+        if len(entries) == 1:
+            return {
+                **entries[0],
+                **common_info,
+            }
+
+        return self.playlist_result(entries, multi_video=True, **common_info)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/reddit.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/reddit.py
index b633dc48af..7325e547b3 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/reddit.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/reddit.py
@@ -259,6 +259,8 @@ class RedditIE(InfoExtractor):
                 f'https://www.reddit.com/{slug}/.json', video_id, expected_status=403)
         except ExtractorError as e:
             if isinstance(e.cause, json.JSONDecodeError):
+                if self._get_cookies('https://www.reddit.com/').get('reddit_session'):
+                    raise ExtractorError('Your IP address is unable to access the Reddit API', expected=True)
                 self.raise_login_required('Account authentication is required')
             raise
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/redge.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/redge.py
index 7cb91eea48..5ae09a096b 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/redge.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/redge.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import functools
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..networking import HEADRequest
@@ -118,7 +117,7 @@ class RedCDNLivxIE(InfoExtractor):
 
         time_scale = traverse_obj(ism_doc, ('@TimeScale', {int_or_none})) or 10000000
         duration = traverse_obj(
-            ism_doc, ('@Duration', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=time_scale)})) or None
+            ism_doc, ('@Duration', {float_or_none(scale=time_scale)})) or None
 
         live_status = None
         if traverse_obj(ism_doc, '@IsLive') == 'TRUE':
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/redgifs.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/redgifs.py
index 50138ab12c..b11ea273de 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/redgifs.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/redgifs.py
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ class RedGifsSearchIE(RedGifsBaseInfoExtractor):
 class RedGifsUserIE(RedGifsBaseInfoExtractor):
     IE_DESC = 'Redgifs user'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?redgifs\.com/users/(?P<username>[^/?#]+)(?:\?(?P<query>[^#]+))?'
-    _PAGE_SIZE = 30
+    _PAGE_SIZE = 80
     _TESTS = [
         {
             'url': 'https://www.redgifs.com/users/lamsinka89',
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ class RedGifsUserIE(RedGifsBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'title': 'lamsinka89',
                 'description': 'RedGifs user lamsinka89, ordered by recent',
             },
-            'playlist_mincount': 100,
+            'playlist_mincount': 391,
         },
         {
             'url': 'https://www.redgifs.com/users/lamsinka89?page=3',
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ class RedGifsUserIE(RedGifsBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'title': 'lamsinka89',
                 'description': 'RedGifs user lamsinka89, ordered by recent',
             },
-            'playlist_count': 30,
+            'playlist_count': 80,
         },
         {
             'url': 'https://www.redgifs.com/users/lamsinka89?order=best&type=g',
@@ -240,7 +240,17 @@ class RedGifsUserIE(RedGifsBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'title': 'lamsinka89',
                 'description': 'RedGifs user lamsinka89, ordered by best',
             },
-            'playlist_mincount': 100,
+            'playlist_mincount': 391,
+        },
+        {
+            'url': 'https://www.redgifs.com/users/ignored52',
+            'note': 'https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7382',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'ignored52',
+                'title': 'ignored52',
+                'description': 'RedGifs user ignored52, ordered by recent',
+            },
+            'playlist_mincount': 121,
         },
     ]
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/rtvslo.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/rtvslo.py
index 9c2e6fb6b5..49bebb178a 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/rtvslo.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/rtvslo.py
@@ -187,4 +187,4 @@ class RTVSLOShowIE(InfoExtractor):
         return self.playlist_from_matches(
             re.findall(r'<a [^>]*\bhref="(/arhiv/[^"]+)"', webpage),
             playlist_id, self._html_extract_title(webpage),
-            getter=lambda x: urljoin('https://365.rtvslo.si', x), ie=RTVSLOIE)
+            getter=urljoin('https://365.rtvslo.si'), ie=RTVSLOIE)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/rutube.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/rutube.py
index 2c416811af..20365ac5d1 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/rutube.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/rutube.py
@@ -2,15 +2,21 @@ import itertools
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
+    UnsupportedError,
     bool_or_none,
     determine_ext,
     int_or_none,
+    js_to_json,
     parse_qs,
-    traverse_obj,
+    str_or_none,
     try_get,
     unified_timestamp,
     url_or_none,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import (
+    subs_list_to_dict,
+    traverse_obj,
+)
 
 
 class RutubeBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -19,7 +25,7 @@ class RutubeBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
             query = {}
         query['format'] = 'json'
         return self._download_json(
-            f'http://rutube.ru/api/video/{video_id}/',
+            f'https://rutube.ru/api/video/{video_id}/',
             video_id, 'Downloading video JSON',
             'Unable to download video JSON', query=query)
 
@@ -61,18 +67,21 @@ class RutubeBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
             query = {}
         query['format'] = 'json'
         return self._download_json(
-            f'http://rutube.ru/api/play/options/{video_id}/',
+            f'https://rutube.ru/api/play/options/{video_id}/',
             video_id, 'Downloading options JSON',
             'Unable to download options JSON',
             headers=self.geo_verification_headers(), query=query)
 
-    def _extract_formats(self, options, video_id):
+    def _extract_formats_and_subtitles(self, options, video_id):
         formats = []
+        subtitles = {}
         for format_id, format_url in options['video_balancer'].items():
             ext = determine_ext(format_url)
             if ext == 'm3u8':
-                formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-                    format_url, video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id=format_id, fatal=False))
+                fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                    format_url, video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id=format_id, fatal=False)
+                formats.extend(fmts)
+                self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
             elif ext == 'f4m':
                 formats.extend(self._extract_f4m_formats(
                     format_url, video_id, f4m_id=format_id, fatal=False))
@@ -82,11 +91,19 @@ class RutubeBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
                     'format_id': format_id,
                 })
         for hls_url in traverse_obj(options, ('live_streams', 'hls', ..., 'url', {url_or_none})):
-            formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(hls_url, video_id, ext='mp4', fatal=False))
-        return formats
+            fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                hls_url, video_id, 'mp4', fatal=False, m3u8_id='hls')
+            formats.extend(fmts)
+            self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
+        self._merge_subtitles(traverse_obj(options, ('captions', ..., {
+            'id': 'code',
+            'url': 'file',
+            'name': ('langTitle', {str}),
+        }, all, {subs_list_to_dict(lang='ru')})), target=subtitles)
+        return formats, subtitles
 
-    def _download_and_extract_formats(self, video_id, query=None):
-        return self._extract_formats(
+    def _download_and_extract_formats_and_subtitles(self, video_id, query=None):
+        return self._extract_formats_and_subtitles(
             self._download_api_options(video_id, query=query), video_id)
 
 
@@ -97,8 +114,8 @@ class RutubeIE(RutubeBaseIE):
     _EMBED_REGEX = [r'<iframe[^>]+?src=(["\'])(?P<url>(?:https?:)?//rutube\.ru/(?:play/)?embed/[\da-z]{32}.*?)\1']
 
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'http://rutube.ru/video/3eac3b4561676c17df9132a9a1e62e3e/',
-        'md5': 'e33ac625efca66aba86cbec9851f2692',
+        'url': 'https://rutube.ru/video/3eac3b4561676c17df9132a9a1e62e3e/',
+        'md5': '3d73fdfe5bb81b9aef139e22ef3de26a',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '3eac3b4561676c17df9132a9a1e62e3e',
             'ext': 'mp4',
@@ -111,26 +128,25 @@ class RutubeIE(RutubeBaseIE):
             'upload_date': '20131016',
             'age_limit': 0,
             'view_count': int,
-            'thumbnail': 'http://pic.rutubelist.ru/video/d2/a0/d2a0aec998494a396deafc7ba2c82add.jpg',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://pic.rutubelist.ru/video/d2/a0/d2a0aec998494a396deafc7ba2c82add.jpg',
             'categories': ['Новости и СМИ'],
             'chapters': [],
         },
-        'expected_warnings': ['Unable to download f4m'],
     }, {
-        'url': 'http://rutube.ru/play/embed/a10e53b86e8f349080f718582ce4c661',
+        'url': 'https://rutube.ru/play/embed/a10e53b86e8f349080f718582ce4c661',
         'only_matching': True,
     }, {
-        'url': 'http://rutube.ru/embed/a10e53b86e8f349080f718582ce4c661',
+        'url': 'https://rutube.ru/embed/a10e53b86e8f349080f718582ce4c661',
         'only_matching': True,
     }, {
-        'url': 'http://rutube.ru/video/3eac3b4561676c17df9132a9a1e62e3e/?pl_id=4252',
+        'url': 'https://rutube.ru/video/3eac3b4561676c17df9132a9a1e62e3e/?pl_id=4252',
         'only_matching': True,
     }, {
         'url': 'https://rutube.ru/video/10b3a03fc01d5bbcc632a2f3514e8aab/?pl_type=source',
         'only_matching': True,
     }, {
         'url': 'https://rutube.ru/video/private/884fb55f07a97ab673c7d654553e0f48/?p=x2QojCumHTS3rsKHWXN8Lg',
-        'md5': 'd106225f15d625538fe22971158e896f',
+        'md5': '4fce7b4fcc7b1bcaa3f45eb1e1ad0dd7',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '884fb55f07a97ab673c7d654553e0f48',
             'ext': 'mp4',
@@ -143,11 +159,10 @@ class RutubeIE(RutubeBaseIE):
             'upload_date': '20221210',
             'age_limit': 0,
             'view_count': int,
-            'thumbnail': 'http://pic.rutubelist.ru/video/f2/d4/f2d42b54be0a6e69c1c22539e3152156.jpg',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://pic.rutubelist.ru/video/f2/d4/f2d42b54be0a6e69c1c22539e3152156.jpg',
             'categories': ['Видеоигры'],
             'chapters': [],
         },
-        'expected_warnings': ['Unable to download f4m'],
     }, {
         'url': 'https://rutube.ru/video/c65b465ad0c98c89f3b25cb03dcc87c6/',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -156,17 +171,16 @@ class RutubeIE(RutubeBaseIE):
             'chapters': 'count:4',
             'categories': ['Бизнес и предпринимательство'],
             'description': 'md5:252feac1305257d8c1bab215cedde75d',
-            'thumbnail': 'http://pic.rutubelist.ru/video/71/8f/718f27425ea9706073eb80883dd3787b.png',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://pic.rutubelist.ru/video/71/8f/718f27425ea9706073eb80883dd3787b.png',
             'duration': 782,
             'age_limit': 0,
             'uploader_id': '23491359',
             'timestamp': 1677153329,
             'view_count': int,
             'upload_date': '20230223',
-            'title': 'Бизнес с нуля: найм сотрудников. Интервью с директором строительной компании',
+            'title': 'Бизнес с нуля: найм сотрудников. Интервью с директором строительной компании #1',
             'uploader': 'Стас Быков',
         },
-        'expected_warnings': ['Unable to download f4m'],
     }, {
         'url': 'https://rutube.ru/live/video/c58f502c7bb34a8fcdd976b221fca292/',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -174,7 +188,7 @@ class RutubeIE(RutubeBaseIE):
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'categories': ['Телепередачи'],
             'description': '',
-            'thumbnail': 'http://pic.rutubelist.ru/video/14/19/14190807c0c48b40361aca93ad0867c7.jpg',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://pic.rutubelist.ru/video/14/19/14190807c0c48b40361aca93ad0867c7.jpg',
             'live_status': 'is_live',
             'age_limit': 0,
             'uploader_id': '23460655',
@@ -184,6 +198,24 @@ class RutubeIE(RutubeBaseIE):
             'title': r're:Первый канал. Прямой эфир \d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2} \d{2}:\d{2}$',
             'uploader': 'Первый канал',
         },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://rutube.ru/play/embed/03a9cb54bac3376af4c5cb0f18444e01/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '03a9cb54bac3376af4c5cb0f18444e01',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'description': '',
+            'title': 'Церемония начала торгов акциями ПАО «ЕвроТранс»',
+            'chapters': [],
+            'upload_date': '20240829',
+            'duration': 293,
+            'uploader': 'MOEX - Московская биржа',
+            'timestamp': 1724946628,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://pic.rutubelist.ru/video/2e/24/2e241fddb459baf0fa54acfca44874f4.jpg',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'uploader_id': '38420507',
+            'categories': ['Интервью'],
+        },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://rutube.ru/video/5ab908fccfac5bb43ef2b1e4182256b0/',
         'only_matching': True,
@@ -192,40 +224,46 @@ class RutubeIE(RutubeBaseIE):
         'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
-    @classmethod
-    def suitable(cls, url):
-        return False if RutubePlaylistIE.suitable(url) else super().suitable(url)
-
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
         query = parse_qs(url)
         info = self._download_and_extract_info(video_id, query)
-        info['formats'] = self._download_and_extract_formats(video_id, query)
-        return info
+        formats, subtitles = self._download_and_extract_formats_and_subtitles(video_id, query)
+        return {
+            **info,
+            'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+        }
 
 
 class RutubeEmbedIE(RutubeBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'rutube:embed'
     IE_DESC = 'Rutube embedded videos'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://rutube\.ru/(?:video|play)/embed/(?P<id>[0-9]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://rutube\.ru/(?:video|play)/embed/(?P<id>[0-9]+)(?:[?#/]|$)'
 
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'http://rutube.ru/video/embed/6722881?vk_puid37=&vk_puid38=',
+        'url': 'https://rutube.ru/video/embed/6722881?vk_puid37=&vk_puid38=',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'a10e53b86e8f349080f718582ce4c661',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'timestamp': 1387830582,
             'upload_date': '20131223',
             'uploader_id': '297833',
-            'description': 'Видео группы ★http://vk.com/foxkidsreset★ музей Fox Kids и Jetix<br/><br/> восстановлено и сделано в шикоформате subziro89 http://vk.com/subziro89',
             'uploader': 'subziro89 ILya',
             'title': 'Мистический городок Эйри в Индиан 5 серия озвучка subziro89',
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'duration': 1395,
+            'chapters': [],
+            'description': 'md5:a5acea57bbc3ccdc3cacd1f11a014b5b',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://pic.rutubelist.ru/video/d3/03/d3031f4670a6e6170d88fb3607948418.jpg',
+            'categories': ['Сериалы'],
         },
         'params': {
             'skip_download': True,
         },
     }, {
-        'url': 'http://rutube.ru/play/embed/8083783',
+        'url': 'https://rutube.ru/play/embed/8083783',
         'only_matching': True,
     }, {
         # private video
@@ -240,11 +278,12 @@ class RutubeEmbedIE(RutubeBaseIE):
         query = parse_qs(url)
         options = self._download_api_options(embed_id, query)
         video_id = options['effective_video']
-        formats = self._extract_formats(options, video_id)
+        formats, subtitles = self._extract_formats_and_subtitles(options, video_id)
         info = self._download_and_extract_info(video_id, query)
         info.update({
             'extractor_key': 'Rutube',
             'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
         })
         return info
 
@@ -295,14 +334,14 @@ class RutubeTagsIE(RutubePlaylistBaseIE):
     IE_DESC = 'Rutube tags'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://rutube\.ru/tags/video/(?P<id>\d+)'
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'http://rutube.ru/tags/video/1800/',
+        'url': 'https://rutube.ru/tags/video/1800/',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '1800',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 68,
     }]
 
-    _PAGE_TEMPLATE = 'http://rutube.ru/api/tags/video/%s/?page=%s&format=json'
+    _PAGE_TEMPLATE = 'https://rutube.ru/api/tags/video/%s/?page=%s&format=json'
 
 
 class RutubeMovieIE(RutubePlaylistBaseIE):
@@ -310,8 +349,8 @@ class RutubeMovieIE(RutubePlaylistBaseIE):
     IE_DESC = 'Rutube movies'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://rutube\.ru/metainfo/tv/(?P<id>\d+)'
 
-    _MOVIE_TEMPLATE = 'http://rutube.ru/api/metainfo/tv/%s/?format=json'
-    _PAGE_TEMPLATE = 'http://rutube.ru/api/metainfo/tv/%s/video?page=%s&format=json'
+    _MOVIE_TEMPLATE = 'https://rutube.ru/api/metainfo/tv/%s/?format=json'
+    _PAGE_TEMPLATE = 'https://rutube.ru/api/metainfo/tv/%s/video?page=%s&format=json'
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         movie_id = self._match_id(url)
@@ -327,62 +366,82 @@ class RutubePersonIE(RutubePlaylistBaseIE):
     IE_DESC = 'Rutube person videos'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://rutube\.ru/video/person/(?P<id>\d+)'
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'http://rutube.ru/video/person/313878/',
+        'url': 'https://rutube.ru/video/person/313878/',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '313878',
         },
-        'playlist_mincount': 37,
+        'playlist_mincount': 36,
     }]
 
-    _PAGE_TEMPLATE = 'http://rutube.ru/api/video/person/%s/?page=%s&format=json'
+    _PAGE_TEMPLATE = 'https://rutube.ru/api/video/person/%s/?page=%s&format=json'
 
 
 class RutubePlaylistIE(RutubePlaylistBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'rutube:playlist'
     IE_DESC = 'Rutube playlists'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://rutube\.ru/(?:video|(?:play/)?embed)/[\da-z]{32}/\?.*?\bpl_id=(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://rutube\.ru/plst/(?P<id>\d+)'
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://rutube.ru/video/cecd58ed7d531fc0f3d795d51cee9026/?pl_id=3097&pl_type=tag',
+        'url': 'https://rutube.ru/plst/308547/',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '3097',
+            'id': '308547',
         },
-        'playlist_count': 27,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://rutube.ru/video/10b3a03fc01d5bbcc632a2f3514e8aab/?pl_id=4252&pl_type=source',
-        'only_matching': True,
+        'playlist_mincount': 22,
     }]
-
-    _PAGE_TEMPLATE = 'http://rutube.ru/api/playlist/%s/%s/?page=%s&format=json'
-
-    @classmethod
-    def suitable(cls, url):
-        from ..utils import int_or_none, parse_qs
-
-        if not super().suitable(url):
-            return False
-        params = parse_qs(url)
-        return params.get('pl_type', [None])[0] and int_or_none(params.get('pl_id', [None])[0])
-
-    def _next_page_url(self, page_num, playlist_id, item_kind):
-        return self._PAGE_TEMPLATE % (item_kind, playlist_id, page_num)
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        qs = parse_qs(url)
-        playlist_kind = qs['pl_type'][0]
-        playlist_id = qs['pl_id'][0]
-        return self._extract_playlist(playlist_id, item_kind=playlist_kind)
+    _PAGE_TEMPLATE = 'https://rutube.ru/api/playlist/custom/%s/videos?page=%s&format=json'
 
 
 class RutubeChannelIE(RutubePlaylistBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'rutube:channel'
     IE_DESC = 'Rutube channel'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://rutube\.ru/channel/(?P<id>\d+)/videos'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://rutube\.ru/(?:channel/(?P<id>\d+)|u/(?P<slug>\w+))(?:/(?P<section>videos|shorts|playlists))?'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://rutube.ru/channel/639184/videos/',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '639184',
+            'id': '639184_videos',
         },
-        'playlist_mincount': 133,
+        'playlist_mincount': 129,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://rutube.ru/channel/25902603/shorts/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '25902603_shorts',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 277,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://rutube.ru/channel/25902603/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '25902603',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 406,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://rutube.ru/u/rutube/videos/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '23704195_videos',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 113,
     }]
 
-    _PAGE_TEMPLATE = 'http://rutube.ru/api/video/person/%s/?page=%s&format=json'
+    _PAGE_TEMPLATE = 'https://rutube.ru/api/video/person/%s/?page=%s&format=json&origin__type=%s'
+
+    def _next_page_url(self, page_num, playlist_id, section):
+        origin_type = {
+            'videos': 'rtb,rst,ifrm,rspa',
+            'shorts': 'rshorts',
+            None: '',
+        }.get(section)
+        return self._PAGE_TEMPLATE % (playlist_id, page_num, origin_type)
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        playlist_id, slug, section = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'slug', 'section')
+        if section == 'playlists':
+            raise UnsupportedError(url)
+        if slug:
+            webpage = self._download_webpage(url, slug)
+            redux_state = self._search_json(
+                r'window\.reduxState\s*=', webpage, 'redux state', slug, transform_source=js_to_json)
+            playlist_id = traverse_obj(redux_state, (
+                'api', 'queries', lambda k, _: k.startswith('channelIdBySlug'),
+                'data', 'channel_id', {int}, {str_or_none}, any))
+        playlist = self._extract_playlist(playlist_id, section=section)
+        if section:
+            playlist['id'] = f'{playlist_id}_{section}'
+        return playlist
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/shemaroome.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/shemaroome.py
index 284b2f89c1..3ab322f67d 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/shemaroome.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/shemaroome.py
@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
 import base64
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..aes import aes_cbc_decrypt, unpad_pkcs7
+from ..aes import aes_cbc_decrypt_bytes, unpad_pkcs7
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
-    bytes_to_intlist,
-    intlist_to_bytes,
     unified_strdate,
 )
 
@@ -68,10 +66,10 @@ class ShemarooMeIE(InfoExtractor):
         data_json = self._download_json('https://www.shemaroome.com/users/user_all_lists', video_id, data=data.encode())
         if not data_json.get('status'):
             raise ExtractorError('Premium videos cannot be downloaded yet.', expected=True)
-        url_data = bytes_to_intlist(base64.b64decode(data_json['new_play_url']))
-        key = bytes_to_intlist(base64.b64decode(data_json['key']))
-        iv = [0] * 16
-        m3u8_url = unpad_pkcs7(intlist_to_bytes(aes_cbc_decrypt(url_data, key, iv))).decode('ascii')
+        url_data = base64.b64decode(data_json['new_play_url'])
+        key = base64.b64decode(data_json['key'])
+        iv = bytes(16)
+        m3u8_url = unpad_pkcs7(aes_cbc_decrypt_bytes(url_data, key, iv)).decode('ascii')
         headers = {'stream_key': data_json['stream_key']}
         formats, m3u8_subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(m3u8_url, video_id, fatal=False, headers=headers)
         for fmt in formats:
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/snapchat.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/snapchat.py
index 732677c190..09e5766d4f 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/snapchat.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/snapchat.py
@@ -56,13 +56,13 @@ class SnapchatSpotlightIE(InfoExtractor):
             **traverse_obj(video_data, ('videoMetadata', {
                 'title': ('name', {str}),
                 'description': ('description', {str}),
-                'timestamp': ('uploadDateMs', {lambda x: float_or_none(x, 1000)}),
+                'timestamp': ('uploadDateMs', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'view_count': ('viewCount', {int_or_none}, {lambda x: None if x == -1 else x}),
                 'repost_count': ('shareCount', {int_or_none}),
                 'url': ('contentUrl', {url_or_none}),
                 'width': ('width', {int_or_none}),
                 'height': ('height', {int_or_none}),
-                'duration': ('durationMs', {lambda x: float_or_none(x, 1000)}),
+                'duration': ('durationMs', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'thumbnail': ('thumbnailUrl', {url_or_none}),
                 'uploader': ('creator', 'personCreator', 'username', {str}),
                 'uploader_url': ('creator', 'personCreator', 'url', {url_or_none}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/sonyliv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/sonyliv.py
index a0a051e972..0cd914cbba 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/sonyliv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/sonyliv.py
@@ -199,8 +199,9 @@ class SonyLIVSeriesIE(InfoExtractor):
         },
     }]
     _API_BASE = 'https://apiv2.sonyliv.com/AGL'
+    _SORT_ORDERS = ('asc', 'desc')
 
-    def _entries(self, show_id):
+    def _entries(self, show_id, sort_order):
         headers = {
             'Accept': 'application/json, text/plain, */*',
             'Referer': 'https://www.sonyliv.com',
@@ -215,6 +216,9 @@ class SonyLIVSeriesIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'from': '0',
                 'to': '49',
             }), ('resultObj', 'containers', 0, 'containers', lambda _, v: int_or_none(v['id'])))
+
+        if sort_order == 'desc':
+            seasons = reversed(seasons)
         for season in seasons:
             season_id = str(season['id'])
             note = traverse_obj(season, ('metadata', 'title', {str})) or 'season'
@@ -226,7 +230,7 @@ class SonyLIVSeriesIE(InfoExtractor):
                         'from': str(cursor),
                         'to': str(cursor + 99),
                         'orderBy': 'episodeNumber',
-                        'sortOrder': 'asc',
+                        'sortOrder': sort_order,
                     }), ('resultObj', 'containers', 0, 'containers', lambda _, v: int_or_none(v['id'])))
                 if not episodes:
                     break
@@ -237,4 +241,10 @@ class SonyLIVSeriesIE(InfoExtractor):
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         show_id = self._match_id(url)
-        return self.playlist_result(self._entries(show_id), playlist_id=show_id)
+
+        sort_order = self._configuration_arg('sort_order', [self._SORT_ORDERS[0]])[0]
+        if sort_order not in self._SORT_ORDERS:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f'Invalid sort order "{sort_order}". Allowed values are: {", ".join(self._SORT_ORDERS)}')
+
+        return self.playlist_result(self._entries(show_id, sort_order), playlist_id=show_id)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/soundcloud.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/soundcloud.py
index 4f8d96407d..03089e98ea 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/soundcloud.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/soundcloud.py
@@ -208,7 +208,6 @@ class SoundcloudBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
 
     def _extract_info_dict(self, info, full_title=None, secret_token=None, extract_flat=False):
         track_id = str(info['id'])
-        title = info['title']
 
         format_urls = set()
         formats = []
@@ -242,7 +241,7 @@ class SoundcloudBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
                     format_urls.add(format_url)
                     formats.append({
                         'format_id': 'download',
-                        'ext': urlhandle_detect_ext(urlh) or 'mp3',
+                        'ext': urlhandle_detect_ext(urlh, default='mp3'),
                         'filesize': int_or_none(urlh.headers.get('Content-Length')),
                         'url': format_url,
                         'quality': 10,
@@ -367,7 +366,7 @@ class SoundcloudBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
             'uploader_id': str_or_none(user.get('id')) or user.get('permalink'),
             'uploader_url': user.get('permalink_url'),
             'timestamp': unified_timestamp(info.get('created_at')),
-            'title': title,
+            'title': info.get('title'),
             'description': info.get('description'),
             'thumbnails': thumbnails,
             'duration': float_or_none(info.get('duration'), 1000),
@@ -377,7 +376,8 @@ class SoundcloudBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
             'like_count': extract_count('favoritings') or extract_count('likes'),
             'comment_count': extract_count('comment'),
             'repost_count': extract_count('reposts'),
-            'genres': traverse_obj(info, ('genre', {str}, {lambda x: x or None}, all)),
+            'genres': traverse_obj(info, ('genre', {str}, filter, all, filter)),
+            'artists': traverse_obj(info, ('publisher_metadata', 'artist', {str}, filter, all, filter)),
             'formats': formats if not extract_flat else None,
         }
 
@@ -429,7 +429,6 @@ class SoundcloudIE(SoundcloudBaseIE):
                 'repost_count': int,
                 'thumbnail': 'https://i1.sndcdn.com/artworks-000031955188-rwb18x-original.jpg',
                 'uploader_url': 'https://soundcloud.com/ethmusic',
-                'genres': [],
             },
         },
         # geo-restricted
@@ -453,6 +452,7 @@ class SoundcloudIE(SoundcloudBaseIE):
                 'uploader_url': 'https://soundcloud.com/the-concept-band',
                 'thumbnail': 'https://i1.sndcdn.com/artworks-v8bFHhXm7Au6-0-original.jpg',
                 'genres': ['Alternative'],
+                'artists': ['The Royal Concept'],
             },
         },
         # private link
@@ -525,6 +525,7 @@ class SoundcloudIE(SoundcloudBaseIE):
                 'repost_count': int,
                 'view_count': int,
                 'genres': ['Dance & EDM'],
+                'artists': ['80M'],
             },
         },
         # private link, downloadable format
@@ -549,6 +550,7 @@ class SoundcloudIE(SoundcloudBaseIE):
                 'thumbnail': 'https://i1.sndcdn.com/artworks-000240712245-kedn4p-original.jpg',
                 'uploader_url': 'https://soundcloud.com/oriuplift',
                 'genres': ['Trance'],
+                'artists': ['Ori Uplift'],
             },
         },
         # no album art, use avatar pic for thumbnail
@@ -572,7 +574,7 @@ class SoundcloudIE(SoundcloudBaseIE):
                 'comment_count': int,
                 'repost_count': int,
                 'uploader_url': 'https://soundcloud.com/garyvee',
-                'genres': [],
+                'artists': ['MadReal'],
             },
             'params': {
                 'skip_download': True,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/spankbang.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/spankbang.py
index 6805a72deb..05f0bb1468 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/spankbang.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/spankbang.py
@@ -71,9 +71,11 @@ class SpankBangIE(InfoExtractor):
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         mobj = self._match_valid_url(url)
         video_id = mobj.group('id') or mobj.group('id_2')
+        country = self.get_param('geo_bypass_country') or 'US'
+        self._set_cookie('.spankbang.com', 'country', country.upper())
         webpage = self._download_webpage(
             url.replace(f'/{video_id}/embed', f'/{video_id}/video'),
-            video_id, headers={'Cookie': 'country=US'})
+            video_id, impersonate=True)
 
         if re.search(r'<[^>]+\b(?:id|class)=["\']video_removed', webpage):
             raise ExtractorError(
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/spreaker.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/spreaker.py
index d1df45969b..c64c2fcd2e 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/spreaker.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/spreaker.py
@@ -2,13 +2,16 @@ import itertools
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
+    filter_dict,
     float_or_none,
     int_or_none,
+    parse_qs,
     str_or_none,
     try_get,
     unified_timestamp,
     url_or_none,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
 
 
 def _extract_episode(data, episode_id=None):
@@ -58,15 +61,10 @@ def _extract_episode(data, episode_id=None):
 
 
 class SpreakerIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
-                    https?://
-                        api\.spreaker\.com/
-                        (?:
-                            (?:download/)?episode|
-                            v2/episodes
-                        )/
-                        (?P<id>\d+)
-                    '''
+    _VALID_URL = [
+        r'https?://api\.spreaker\.com/(?:(?:download/)?episode|v2/episodes)/(?P<id>\d+)',
+        r'https?://(?:www\.)?spreaker\.com/episode/[^#?/]*?(?P<id>\d+)/?(?:[?#]|$)',
+    ]
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://api.spreaker.com/episode/12534508',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -83,7 +81,9 @@ class SpreakerIE(InfoExtractor):
             'view_count': int,
             'like_count': int,
             'comment_count': int,
-            'series': 'Success With Music (SWM)',
+            'series': 'Success With Music | SWM',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_square_limited_160/images.spreaker.com/original/777ce4f96b71b0e1b7c09a5e625210e3.jpg',
+            'creators': ['SWM'],
         },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://api.spreaker.com/download/episode/12534508/swm_ep15_how_to_market_your_music_part_2.mp3',
@@ -91,52 +91,75 @@ class SpreakerIE(InfoExtractor):
     }, {
         'url': 'https://api.spreaker.com/v2/episodes/12534508?export=episode_segments',
         'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'note': 'episode',
+        'url': 'https://www.spreaker.com/episode/grunge-music-origins-the-raw-sound-that-defined-a-generation--60269615',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '60269615',
+            'display_id': 'grunge-music-origins-the-raw-sound-that-',
+            'ext': 'mp3',
+            'title': 'Grunge Music Origins - The Raw Sound that Defined a Generation',
+            'description': str,
+            'timestamp': 1717468905,
+            'upload_date': '20240604',
+            'uploader': 'Katie Brown 2',
+            'uploader_id': '17733249',
+            'duration': 818.83,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'series': '90s Grunge',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_square_limited_160/images.spreaker.com/original/bb0d4178f7cf57cc8786dedbd9c5d969.jpg',
+            'creators': ['Katie Brown 2'],
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.spreaker.com/episode/60269615',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         episode_id = self._match_id(url)
         data = self._download_json(
-            f'https://api.spreaker.com/v2/episodes/{episode_id}',
-            episode_id)['response']['episode']
+            f'https://api.spreaker.com/v2/episodes/{episode_id}', episode_id,
+            query=traverse_obj(parse_qs(url), {'key': ('key', 0)}))['response']['episode']
         return _extract_episode(data, episode_id)
 
 
-class SpreakerPageIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?spreaker\.com/user/[^/]+/(?P<id>[^/?#&]+)'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.spreaker.com/user/9780658/swm-ep15-how-to-market-your-music-part-2',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }]
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        display_id = self._match_id(url)
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
-        episode_id = self._search_regex(
-            (r'data-episode_id=["\'](?P<id>\d+)',
-             r'episode_id\s*:\s*(?P<id>\d+)'), webpage, 'episode id')
-        return self.url_result(
-            f'https://api.spreaker.com/episode/{episode_id}',
-            ie=SpreakerIE.ie_key(), video_id=episode_id)
-
-
 class SpreakerShowIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://api\.spreaker\.com/show/(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _VALID_URL = [
+        r'https?://api\.spreaker\.com/show/(?P<id>\d+)',
+        r'https?://(?:www\.)?spreaker\.com/podcast/[\w-]+--(?P<id>[\d]+)',
+        r'https?://(?:www\.)?spreaker\.com/show/(?P<id>\d+)/episodes/feed',
+    ]
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://api.spreaker.com/show/4652058',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '4652058',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 118,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/health-wealth--5918323',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '5918323',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 60,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.spreaker.com/show/5887186/episodes/feed',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '5887186',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 290,
     }]
 
-    def _entries(self, show_id):
+    def _entries(self, show_id, key=None):
         for page_num in itertools.count(1):
             episodes = self._download_json(
                 f'https://api.spreaker.com/show/{show_id}/episodes',
-                show_id, note=f'Downloading JSON page {page_num}', query={
+                show_id, note=f'Downloading JSON page {page_num}', query=filter_dict({
                     'page': page_num,
                     'max_per_page': 100,
-                })
+                    'key': key,
+                }))
             pager = try_get(episodes, lambda x: x['response']['pager'], dict)
             if not pager:
                 break
@@ -152,21 +175,5 @@ class SpreakerShowIE(InfoExtractor):
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         show_id = self._match_id(url)
-        return self.playlist_result(self._entries(show_id), playlist_id=show_id)
-
-
-class SpreakerShowPageIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?spreaker\.com/show/(?P<id>[^/?#&]+)'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.spreaker.com/show/success-with-music',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }]
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        display_id = self._match_id(url)
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
-        show_id = self._search_regex(
-            r'show_id\s*:\s*(?P<id>\d+)', webpage, 'show id')
-        return self.url_result(
-            f'https://api.spreaker.com/show/{show_id}',
-            ie=SpreakerShowIE.ie_key(), video_id=show_id)
+        key = traverse_obj(parse_qs(url), ('key', 0))
+        return self.playlist_result(self._entries(show_id, key), playlist_id=show_id)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/stripchat.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/stripchat.py
index 31c8afbc62..84846042f3 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/stripchat.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/stripchat.py
@@ -28,24 +28,21 @@ class StripchatIE(InfoExtractor):
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id, headers=self.geo_verification_headers())
+        data = self._search_json(
+            r'<script\b[^>]*>\s*window\.__PRELOADED_STATE__\s*=',
+            webpage, 'data', video_id, transform_source=lowercase_escape)
 
-        data = self._parse_json(
-            self._search_regex(
-                r'<script\b[^>]*>\s*window\.__PRELOADED_STATE__\s*=(?P<value>.*?)<\/script>',
-                webpage, 'data', default='{}', group='value'),
-            video_id, transform_source=lowercase_escape, fatal=False)
-        if not data:
-            raise ExtractorError('Unable to find configuration for stream.')
-
-        if traverse_obj(data, ('viewCam', 'show'), expected_type=dict):
-            raise ExtractorError('Model is in private show', expected=True)
-        elif not traverse_obj(data, ('viewCam', 'model', 'isLive'), expected_type=bool):
+        if traverse_obj(data, ('viewCam', 'show', {dict})):
+            raise ExtractorError('Model is in a private show', expected=True)
+        if not traverse_obj(data, ('viewCam', 'model', 'isLive', {bool})):
             raise UserNotLive(video_id=video_id)
 
-        model_id = traverse_obj(data, ('viewCam', 'model', 'id'), expected_type=int)
+        model_id = data['viewCam']['model']['id']
 
         formats = []
-        for host in traverse_obj(data, ('config', 'data', (
+        # HLS hosts are currently found in .configV3.static.features.hlsFallback.fallbackDomains[]
+        # The rest of the path is for backwards compatibility and to guard against A/B testing
+        for host in traverse_obj(data, ((('config', 'data'), ('configV3', 'static')), (
                 (('features', 'featuresV2'), 'hlsFallback', 'fallbackDomains', ...), 'hlsStreamHost'))):
             formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
                 f'https://edge-hls.{host}/hls/{model_id}/master/{model_id}_auto.m3u8',
@@ -53,7 +50,7 @@ class StripchatIE(InfoExtractor):
             if formats:
                 break
         if not formats:
-            self.raise_no_formats('No active streams found', expected=True)
+            self.raise_no_formats('Unable to extract stream host', video_id=video_id)
 
         return {
             'id': video_id,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/tbsjp.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/tbsjp.py
index 32f9cfbdec..0d521f1061 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tbsjp.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tbsjp.py
@@ -3,14 +3,12 @@ from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     clean_html,
-    get_element_text_and_html_by_tag,
     int_or_none,
     str_or_none,
-    traverse_obj,
-    try_call,
     unified_timestamp,
     urljoin,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import find_element, traverse_obj
 
 
 class TBSJPEpisodeIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -64,7 +62,7 @@ class TBSJPEpisodeIE(InfoExtractor):
             self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
 
         return {
-            'title': try_call(lambda: clean_html(get_element_text_and_html_by_tag('h3', webpage)[0])),
+            'title': traverse_obj(webpage, ({find_element(tag='h3')}, {clean_html})),
             'id': video_id,
             **traverse_obj(episode, {
                 'categories': ('keywords', {list}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/teamcoco.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/teamcoco.py
index 3fb899cac5..a94ff9b332 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/teamcoco.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/teamcoco.py
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ class TeamcocoIE(TeamcocoBaseIE):
             'blocks', lambda _, v: v['name'] in ('meta-tags', 'video-player', 'video-info'), 'props', {dict})))
 
         thumbnail = traverse_obj(
-            info, (('image', 'poster'), {lambda x: urljoin('https://teamcoco.com/', x)}), get_all=False)
+            info, (('image', 'poster'), {urljoin('https://teamcoco.com/')}), get_all=False)
         video_id = traverse_obj(parse_qs(thumbnail), ('id', 0)) or display_id
 
         formats, subtitles = self._get_formats_and_subtitles(info, video_id)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/telewebion.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/telewebion.py
index b651160240..02a6ea85bc 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/telewebion.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/telewebion.py
@@ -10,10 +10,11 @@ from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
 
 
 def _fmt_url(url):
-    return functools.partial(format_field, template=url, default=None)
+    return format_field(template=url, default=None)
 
 
 class TelewebionIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _WORKING = False
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?telewebion\.com/episode/(?P<id>(?:0x[a-fA-F\d]+|\d+))'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'http://www.telewebion.com/episode/0x1b3139c/',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/tencent.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/tencent.py
index fc2b07ac27..b281ad1a9f 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tencent.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tencent.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import functools
 import random
 import re
 import string
@@ -278,7 +277,7 @@ class VQQSeriesIE(VQQBaseIE):
             webpage)]
 
         return self.playlist_from_matches(
-            episode_paths, series_id, ie=VQQVideoIE, getter=functools.partial(urljoin, url),
+            episode_paths, series_id, ie=VQQVideoIE, getter=urljoin(url),
             title=self._get_clean_title(traverse_obj(webpage_metadata, ('coverInfo', 'title'))
                                         or self._og_search_title(webpage)),
             description=(traverse_obj(webpage_metadata, ('coverInfo', 'description'))
@@ -328,7 +327,7 @@ class WeTvBaseIE(TencentBaseIE):
                          or re.findall(r'<a[^>]+class="play-video__link"[^>]+href="(?P<path>[^"]+)', webpage))
 
         return self.playlist_from_matches(
-            episode_paths, series_id, ie=ie, getter=functools.partial(urljoin, url),
+            episode_paths, series_id, ie=ie, getter=urljoin(url),
             title=self._get_clean_title(traverse_obj(webpage_metadata, ('coverInfo', 'title'))
                                         or self._og_search_title(webpage)),
             description=(traverse_obj(webpage_metadata, ('coverInfo', 'description'))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/tenplay.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/tenplay.py
index 07db583470..cc7bc3b2fc 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tenplay.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tenplay.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import functools
 import itertools
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
@@ -161,4 +160,4 @@ class TenPlaySeasonIE(InfoExtractor):
         return self.playlist_from_matches(
             self._entries(urljoin(url, episodes_carousel['loadMoreUrl']), playlist_id),
             playlist_id, traverse_obj(season_info, ('content', 0, 'title', {str})),
-            getter=functools.partial(urljoin, url))
+            getter=urljoin(url))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/theguardian.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/theguardian.py
index a9e4990649..7e8f9fef26 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/theguardian.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/theguardian.py
@@ -131,4 +131,4 @@ class TheGuardianPodcastPlaylistIE(InfoExtractor):
 
         return self.playlist_from_matches(
             self._entries(url, podcast_id), podcast_id, title, description=description,
-            ie=TheGuardianPodcastIE, getter=lambda x: urljoin('https://www.theguardian.com', x))
+            ie=TheGuardianPodcastIE, getter=urljoin('https://www.theguardian.com'))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/tiktok.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/tiktok.py
index f7e103fe9f..9e53b34072 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tiktok.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tiktok.py
@@ -413,15 +413,6 @@ class TikTokBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
             for f in formats:
                 self._set_cookie(urllib.parse.urlparse(f['url']).hostname, 'sid_tt', auth_cookie.value)
 
-        thumbnails = []
-        for cover_id in ('cover', 'ai_dynamic_cover', 'animated_cover', 'ai_dynamic_cover_bak',
-                         'origin_cover', 'dynamic_cover'):
-            for cover_url in traverse_obj(video_info, (cover_id, 'url_list', ...)):
-                thumbnails.append({
-                    'id': cover_id,
-                    'url': cover_url,
-                })
-
         stats_info = aweme_detail.get('statistics') or {}
         music_info = aweme_detail.get('music') or {}
         labels = traverse_obj(aweme_detail, ('hybrid_label', ..., 'text'), expected_type=str)
@@ -467,9 +458,19 @@ class TikTokBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
             'formats': formats,
             'subtitles': self.extract_subtitles(
                 aweme_detail, aweme_id, traverse_obj(author_info, 'uploader', 'uploader_id', 'channel_id')),
-            'thumbnails': thumbnails,
+            'thumbnails': [
+                {
+                    'id': cover_id,
+                    'url': cover_url,
+                    'preference': -1 if cover_id in ('cover', 'origin_cover') else -2,
+                }
+                for cover_id in (
+                    'cover', 'ai_dynamic_cover', 'animated_cover',
+                    'ai_dynamic_cover_bak', 'origin_cover', 'dynamic_cover')
+                for cover_url in traverse_obj(video_info, (cover_id, 'url_list', ...))
+            ],
             'duration': (traverse_obj(video_info, (
-                (None, 'download_addr'), 'duration', {functools.partial(int_or_none, scale=1000)}, any))
+                (None, 'download_addr'), 'duration', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}, any))
                 or traverse_obj(music_info, ('duration', {int_or_none}))),
             'availability': self._availability(
                 is_private='Private' in labels,
@@ -583,7 +584,7 @@ class TikTokBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
                 author_info, ['uploader', 'uploader_id'], self._UPLOADER_URL_FORMAT, default=None),
             **traverse_obj(aweme_detail, ('music', {
                 'track': ('title', {str}),
-                'album': ('album', {str}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'album': ('album', {str}, filter),
                 'artists': ('authorName', {str}, {lambda x: re.split(r'(?:, | & )', x) if x else None}),
                 'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none}),
             })),
@@ -591,7 +592,7 @@ class TikTokBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'title': ('desc', {str}),
                 'description': ('desc', {str}),
                 # audio-only slideshows have a video duration of 0 and an actual audio duration
-                'duration': ('video', 'duration', {int_or_none}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'duration': ('video', 'duration', {int_or_none}, filter),
                 'timestamp': ('createTime', {int_or_none}),
             }),
             **traverse_obj(aweme_detail, ('stats', {
@@ -600,11 +601,15 @@ class TikTokBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'repost_count': 'shareCount',
                 'comment_count': 'commentCount',
             }), expected_type=int_or_none),
-            'thumbnails': traverse_obj(aweme_detail, (
-                (None, 'video'), ('thumbnail', 'cover', 'dynamicCover', 'originCover'), {
-                    'url': ({url_or_none}, {self._proto_relative_url}),
-                },
-            )),
+            'thumbnails': [
+                {
+                    'id': cover_id,
+                    'url': self._proto_relative_url(cover_url),
+                    'preference': -2 if cover_id == 'dynamicCover' else -1,
+                }
+                for cover_id in ('thumbnail', 'cover', 'dynamicCover', 'originCover')
+                for cover_url in traverse_obj(aweme_detail, ((None, 'video'), cover_id, {url_or_none}))
+            ],
         }
 
 
@@ -1493,7 +1498,7 @@ class TikTokLiveIE(TikTokBaseIE):
 
             sdk_params = traverse_obj(stream, ('main', 'sdk_params', {parse_inner}, {
                 'vcodec': ('VCodec', {str}),
-                'tbr': ('vbitrate', {lambda x: int_or_none(x, 1000)}),
+                'tbr': ('vbitrate', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'resolution': ('resolution', {lambda x: re.match(r'(?i)\d+x\d+|\d+p', x).group().lower()}),
             }))
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/tumblr.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/tumblr.py
index 7f851bf63b..d6d4368839 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tumblr.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tumblr.py
@@ -3,12 +3,13 @@ from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     int_or_none,
     traverse_obj,
+    url_or_none,
     urlencode_postdata,
 )
 
 
 class TumblrIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?P<blog_name>[^/?#&]+)\.tumblr\.com/(?:post|video)/(?P<id>[0-9]+)(?:$|[/?#])'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?P<blog_name_1>[^/?#&]+)\.tumblr\.com/(?:post|video|(?P<blog_name_2>[a-zA-Z\d-]+))/(?P<id>[0-9]+)(?:$|[/?#])'
     _NETRC_MACHINE = 'tumblr'
     _LOGIN_URL = 'https://www.tumblr.com/login'
     _OAUTH_URL = 'https://www.tumblr.com/api/v2/oauth2/token'
@@ -66,6 +67,7 @@ class TumblrIE(InfoExtractor):
             'age_limit': 0,
             'tags': [],
         },
+        'skip': '404',
     }, {
         'note': 'dashboard only (original post)',
         'url': 'https://jujanon.tumblr.com/post/159704441298/my-baby-eating',
@@ -98,7 +100,6 @@ class TumblrIE(InfoExtractor):
             'like_count': int,
             'repost_count': int,
             'age_limit': 0,
-            'tags': [],
         },
     }, {
         'note': 'dashboard only (external)',
@@ -109,14 +110,13 @@ class TumblrIE(InfoExtractor):
             'title': 'The Blues Remembers Everything the Country Forgot',
             'alt_title': 'The Blues Remembers Everything the Country Forgot',
             'description': 'md5:1a6b4097e451216835a24c1023707c79',
-            'release_date': '20201224',
             'creator': 'md5:c2239ba15430e87c3b971ba450773272',
             'uploader': 'Moor Mother - Topic',
             'upload_date': '20201223',
             'uploader_id': 'UCxrMtFBRkFvQJ_vVM4il08w',
             'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/channel/UCxrMtFBRkFvQJ_vVM4il08w',
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://i.ytimg.com/.*',
-            'channel': 'Moor Mother - Topic',
+            'channel': 'Moor Mother',
             'channel_id': 'UCxrMtFBRkFvQJ_vVM4il08w',
             'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCxrMtFBRkFvQJ_vVM4il08w',
             'channel_follower_count': int,
@@ -135,24 +135,10 @@ class TumblrIE(InfoExtractor):
             'release_year': 2020,
         },
         'add_ie': ['Youtube'],
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://naked-yogi.tumblr.com/post/118312946248/naked-smoking-stretching',
-        'md5': 'de07e5211d60d4f3a2c3df757ea9f6ab',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'Wmur',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'naked smoking & stretching',
-            'upload_date': '20150506',
-            'timestamp': 1430931613,
-            'age_limit': 18,
-            'uploader_id': '1638622',
-            'uploader': 'naked-yogi',
-        },
-        # 'add_ie': ['Vidme'],
-        'skip': 'dead embedded video host',
+        'skip': 'Video Unavailable',
     }, {
         'url': 'https://prozdvoices.tumblr.com/post/673201091169681408/what-recording-voice-acting-sounds-like',
-        'md5': 'a0063fc8110e6c9afe44065b4ea68177',
+        'md5': 'cb8328a6723c30556cef59e370202918',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'eomhW5MLGWA',
             'ext': 'mp4',
@@ -160,8 +146,8 @@ class TumblrIE(InfoExtractor):
             'description': 'md5:1da3faa22d0e0b1d8b50216c284ee798',
             'uploader': 'ProZD',
             'upload_date': '20220112',
-            'uploader_id': 'ProZD',
-            'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/user/ProZD',
+            'uploader_id': '@ProZD',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@ProZD',
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://i.ytimg.com/.*',
             'channel': 'ProZD',
             'channel_id': 'UC6MFZAOHXlKK1FI7V0XQVeA',
@@ -176,6 +162,10 @@ class TumblrIE(InfoExtractor):
             'live_status': 'not_live',
             'playable_in_embed': True,
             'availability': 'public',
+            'heatmap': 'count:100',
+            'channel_is_verified': True,
+            'timestamp': 1642014562,
+            'comment_count': int,
         },
         'add_ie': ['Youtube'],
     }, {
@@ -183,16 +173,20 @@ class TumblrIE(InfoExtractor):
         'md5': '203e9eb8077e3f45bfaeb4c86c1467b8',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '87816359',
-            'ext': 'mov',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'Harold Ramis',
-            'description': 'md5:be8e68cbf56ce0785c77f0c6c6dfaf2c',
+            'description': 'md5:c99882405fcca0b1d348ad093f8f1672',
             'uploader': 'Resolution Productions Group',
             'uploader_id': 'resolutionproductions',
             'uploader_url': 'https://vimeo.com/resolutionproductions',
             'upload_date': '20140227',
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://i.vimeocdn.com/video/.*',
-            'timestamp': 1393523719,
+            'timestamp': 1393541719,
             'duration': 291,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'release_timestamp': 1393541719,
+            'release_date': '20140227',
         },
         'add_ie': ['Vimeo'],
     }, {
@@ -214,6 +208,7 @@ class TumblrIE(InfoExtractor):
             'view_count': int,
         },
         'add_ie': ['Vine'],
+        'skip': 'Vine is unavailable',
     }, {
         'url': 'https://silami.tumblr.com/post/84250043974/my-bad-river-flows-in-you-impression-on-maschine',
         'md5': '3c92d7c3d867f14ccbeefa2119022277',
@@ -232,6 +227,140 @@ class TumblrIE(InfoExtractor):
             'upload_date': '20140429',
         },
         'add_ie': ['Instagram'],
+    }, {
+        'note': 'new url scheme',
+        'url': 'https://www.tumblr.com/autumnsister/765162750456578048?source=share',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '765162750456578048',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://autumnsister.tumblr.com/',
+            'tags': ['autumn', 'food', 'curators on tumblr'],
+            'like_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://64.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_sklad89N3x1ygquow_frame1.jpg',
+            'title': '🪹',
+            'uploader_id': 'autumnsister',
+            'repost_count': int,
+            'age_limit': 0,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'note': 'bandcamp album embed',
+        'url': 'https://patricia-taxxon.tumblr.com/post/704473755725004800/patricia-taxxon-agnes-hilda-patricia-taxxon',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'agnes-hilda',
+            'title': 'Agnes & Hilda',
+            'description': 'The inexplicable joy of an artist. Wash paws after listening.',
+            'uploader_id': 'patriciataxxon',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 8,
+    }, {
+        'note': 'bandcamp track embeds (many)',
+        'url': 'https://www.tumblr.com/felixcosm/730460905855467520/if-youre-looking-for-new-music-to-write-or',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '730460905855467520',
+            'uploader_id': 'felixcosm',
+            'repost_count': int,
+            'tags': 'count:15',
+            'description': 'md5:2eb3482a3c6987280cbefb6839068f32',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'title': 'If you\'re looking for new music to write or imagine scenerios to: STOP. This is for you.',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://felixcosm.tumblr.com/',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 10,
+    }, {
+        'note': 'soundcloud track embed',
+        'url': 'https://silverfoxstole.tumblr.com/post/765305403763556352/jamie-robertson-doctor-who-8th-doctor',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1218136399',
+            'ext': 'opus',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'genres': [],
+            'repost_count': int,
+            'uploader': 'Jamie Robertson',
+            'title': 'Doctor Who - 8th doctor -   Stranded Theme never released and used.',
+            'duration': 46.106,
+            'uploader_id': '2731064',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://i1.sndcdn.com/artworks-MVgcPm5jN42isC5M-6Dz22w-original.jpg',
+            'timestamp': 1645181261,
+            'uploader_url': 'https://soundcloud.com/jamierobertson',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'upload_date': '20220218',
+            'description': 'md5:ab924dd9994d0a7d64d6d31bf2af4625',
+            'license': 'all-rights-reserved',
+            'like_count': int,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'note': 'soundcloud set embed',
+        'url': 'https://www.tumblr.com/beyourselfchulanmaria/703505323122638848/chu-lan-maria-the-playlist-%E5%BF%83%E7%9A%84%E5%91%BC%E5%96%9A-call-of-the',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '691222680',
+            'title': '心的呼喚 Call of the heart I',
+            'description': 'md5:25952a8d178a3aa55e40fcbb646a38c3',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 19,
+    }, {
+        'note': 'dailymotion video embed',
+        'url': 'https://www.tumblr.com/funvibecentral/759390024460632064',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'x94cnnk',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'description': 'Funny dailymotion shorts.\n#funny #fun#comedy #romantic #exciting',
+            'uploader': 'FunVibe Central',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'timestamp': 1724210553,
+            'title': 'Woman watching other Woman',
+            'tags': [],
+            'upload_date': '20240821',
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'uploader_id': 'x32m6ye',
+            'duration': 20,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://(?:s[12]\.)dmcdn\.net/v/Wtqh01cnxKNXLG1N8/x1080',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'note': 'tiktok video embed',
+        'url': 'https://fansofcolor.tumblr.com/post/660637918605475840/blockquote-class-tiktok-embed',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '7000937272010935558',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'artists': ['Alicia Dreaming'],
+            'like_count': int,
+            'repost_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://[\w\/\.\-]+(~[\w\-]+\.image)?',
+            'channel_id': 'MS4wLjABAAAAsJohwz_dU4KfAOc61cbGDAZ46-5hg2ANTXVQlRe1ipDhpX08PywR3PPiple1NTAo',
+            'uploader': 'aliciadreaming',
+            'description': 'huge casting news Greyworm will be  #louisdulac #racebending #interviewwiththevampire',
+            'title': 'huge casting news Greyworm will be  #louisdulac #racebending #interviewwiththevampire',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.tiktok.com/@MS4wLjABAAAAsJohwz_dU4KfAOc61cbGDAZ46-5hg2ANTXVQlRe1ipDhpX08PywR3PPiple1NTAo',
+            'uploader_id': '7000478462196990982',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.tiktok.com/@aliciadreaming',
+            'timestamp': 1630032733,
+            'channel': 'Alicia Dreaming',
+            'track': 'original sound',
+            'upload_date': '20210827',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'duration': 59,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'note': 'tumblr video AND youtube embed',
+        'url': 'https://www.tumblr.com/anyaboz/765332564457209856/my-music-video-for-selkie-by-nobodys-wolf-child',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '765332564457209856',
+            'uploader_id': 'anyaboz',
+            'repost_count': int,
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'uploader_url': 'https://anyaboz.tumblr.com/',
+            'description': 'md5:9a129cf6ce9d87a80ffd3c6dedd4d1e6',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'title': 'md5:b18a2ac9387681d20303e485db85c1b5',
+            'tags': ['music video', 'nobodys wolf child', 'selkie', 'Stop Motion Animation', 'stop Motion', 'room guardians', 'Youtube'],
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 2,
+    }, {
+        # twitch_live provider - error when linked account is not live
+        'url': 'https://www.tumblr.com/anarcho-skamunist/722224493650722816/hollow-knight-stream-right-now-going-to-fight',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
     _providers = {
@@ -239,6 +368,16 @@ class TumblrIE(InfoExtractor):
         'vimeo': 'Vimeo',
         'vine': 'Vine',
         'youtube': 'Youtube',
+        'dailymotion': 'Dailymotion',
+        'tiktok': 'TikTok',
+        'twitch_live': 'TwitchStream',
+        'bandcamp': None,
+        'soundcloud': None,
+    }
+    # known not to be supported
+    _unsupported_providers = {
+        # seems like podcasts can't be embedded
+        'spotify',
     }
 
     _ACCESS_TOKEN = None
@@ -256,23 +395,40 @@ class TumblrIE(InfoExtractor):
         if not self._ACCESS_TOKEN:
             return
 
-        self._download_json(
-            self._OAUTH_URL, None, 'Logging in',
-            data=urlencode_postdata({
-                'password': password,
-                'grant_type': 'password',
-                'username': username,
-            }), headers={
-                'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
-                'Authorization': f'Bearer {self._ACCESS_TOKEN}',
-            },
-            errnote='Login failed', fatal=False)
+        data = {
+            'password': password,
+            'grant_type': 'password',
+            'username': username,
+        }
+        if self.get_param('twofactor'):
+            data['tfa_token'] = self.get_param('twofactor')
+
+        def _call_login():
+            return self._download_json(
+                self._OAUTH_URL, None, 'Logging in',
+                data=urlencode_postdata(data),
+                headers={
+                    'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
+                    'Authorization': f'Bearer {self._ACCESS_TOKEN}',
+                },
+                errnote='Login failed', fatal=False,
+                expected_status=lambda s: 400 <= s < 500)
+
+        response = _call_login()
+        if traverse_obj(response, 'error') == 'tfa_required':
+            data['tfa_token'] = self._get_tfa_info()
+            response = _call_login()
+        if traverse_obj(response, 'error'):
+            raise ExtractorError(
+                f'API returned error {": ".join(traverse_obj(response, (("error", "error_description"), {str})))}')
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        blog, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
+        blog_1, blog_2, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
+        blog = blog_2 or blog_1
 
-        url = f'http://{blog}.tumblr.com/post/{video_id}/'
-        webpage, urlh = self._download_webpage_handle(url, video_id)
+        url = f'http://{blog}.tumblr.com/post/{video_id}'
+        webpage, urlh = self._download_webpage_handle(
+            url, video_id, headers={'User-Agent': 'WhatsApp/2.0'})  # whatsapp ua bypasses problems
 
         redirect_url = urlh.url
 
@@ -289,23 +445,69 @@ class TumblrIE(InfoExtractor):
                 self._download_json(
                     f'https://www.tumblr.com/api/v2/blog/{blog}/posts/{video_id}/permalink',
                     video_id, headers={'Authorization': f'Bearer {self._ACCESS_TOKEN}'}, fatal=False),
-                ('response', 'timeline', 'elements', 0)) or {}
-        content_json = traverse_obj(post_json, ('trail', 0, 'content'), ('content')) or []
-        video_json = next(
-            (item for item in content_json if item.get('type') == 'video'), {})
-        media_json = video_json.get('media') or {}
-        if api_only and not media_json.get('url') and not video_json.get('url'):
-            raise ExtractorError('Failed to find video data for dashboard-only post')
+                ('response', 'timeline', 'elements', 0, {dict})) or {}
+        content_json = traverse_obj(post_json, ((('trail', 0), None), 'content', ..., {dict}))
 
-        if not media_json.get('url') and video_json.get('url'):
-            # external video host
-            return self.url_result(
-                video_json['url'],
-                self._providers.get(video_json.get('provider'), 'Generic'))
+        # the url we're extracting from might be an original post or it might be a reblog.
+        # if it's a reblog, og:description will be the reblogger's comment, not the uploader's.
+        # content_json is always the op, so if it exists but has no text, there's no description
+        if content_json:
+            description = '\n\n'.join(
+                item.get('text') for item in content_json if item.get('type') == 'text') or None
+        else:
+            description = self._og_search_description(webpage, default=None)
+        uploader_id = traverse_obj(post_json, 'reblogged_root_name', 'blog_name')
 
-        video_url = self._og_search_video_url(webpage, default=None)
-        duration = None
+        info_dict = {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'title': post_json.get('summary') or (blog if api_only else self._html_search_regex(
+                r'(?s)<title>(?P<title>.*?)(?: \| Tumblr)?</title>', webpage, 'title', default=blog)),
+            'description': description,
+            'uploader_id': uploader_id,
+            'uploader_url': f'https://{uploader_id}.tumblr.com/' if uploader_id else None,
+            **traverse_obj(post_json, {
+                'like_count': ('like_count', {int_or_none}),
+                'repost_count': ('reblog_count', {int_or_none}),
+                'tags': ('tags', ..., {str}),
+            }),
+            'age_limit': {True: 18, False: 0}.get(post_json.get('is_nsfw')),
+        }
+
+        # for tumblr's own video hosting
+        fallback_format = None
         formats = []
+        video_url = self._og_search_video_url(webpage, default=None)
+        # for external video hosts
+        entries = []
+        ignored_providers = set()
+        unknown_providers = set()
+
+        for video_json in traverse_obj(content_json, lambda _, v: v['type'] in ('video', 'audio')):
+            media_json = video_json.get('media') or {}
+            if api_only and not media_json.get('url') and not video_json.get('url'):
+                raise ExtractorError('Failed to find video data for dashboard-only post')
+            provider = video_json.get('provider')
+
+            if provider in ('tumblr', None):
+                fallback_format = {
+                    'url': media_json.get('url') or video_url,
+                    'width': int_or_none(
+                        media_json.get('width') or self._og_search_property('video:width', webpage, default=None)),
+                    'height': int_or_none(
+                        media_json.get('height') or self._og_search_property('video:height', webpage, default=None)),
+                }
+                continue
+            elif provider in self._unsupported_providers:
+                ignored_providers.add(provider)
+                continue
+            elif provider and provider not in self._providers:
+                unknown_providers.add(provider)
+            if video_json.get('url'):
+                # external video host
+                entries.append(self.url_result(
+                    video_json['url'], self._providers.get(provider)))
+
+        duration = None
 
         # iframes can supply duration and sometimes additional formats, so check for one
         iframe_url = self._search_regex(
@@ -344,44 +546,36 @@ class TumblrIE(InfoExtractor):
                         'quality': quality,
                     } for quality, (video_url, format_id) in enumerate(sources)]
 
-        if not media_json.get('url') and not video_url and not iframe_url:
-            # external video host (but we weren't able to figure it out from the api)
-            iframe_url = self._search_regex(
-                r'src=["\'](https?://safe\.txmblr\.com/svc/embed/inline/[^"\']+)["\']',
-                webpage, 'embed iframe url', default=None)
-            return self.url_result(iframe_url or redirect_url, 'Generic')
+        if not formats and fallback_format:
+            formats.append(fallback_format)
 
-        formats = formats or [{
-            'url': media_json.get('url') or video_url,
-            'width': int_or_none(
-                media_json.get('width') or self._og_search_property('video:width', webpage, default=None)),
-            'height': int_or_none(
-                media_json.get('height') or self._og_search_property('video:height', webpage, default=None)),
-        }]
+        if formats:
+            # tumblr's own video is always above embeds
+            entries.insert(0, {
+                **info_dict,
+                'formats': formats,
+                'duration': duration,
+                'thumbnail': (traverse_obj(video_json, ('poster', 0, 'url', {url_or_none}))
+                              or self._og_search_thumbnail(webpage, default=None)),
+            })
 
-        # the url we're extracting from might be an original post or it might be a reblog.
-        # if it's a reblog, og:description will be the reblogger's comment, not the uploader's.
-        # content_json is always the op, so if it exists but has no text, there's no description
-        if content_json:
-            description = '\n\n'.join(
-                item.get('text') for item in content_json if item.get('type') == 'text') or None
-        else:
-            description = self._og_search_description(webpage, default=None)
-        uploader_id = traverse_obj(post_json, 'reblogged_root_name', 'blog_name')
+        if ignored_providers:
+            if not entries:
+                raise ExtractorError(f'None of embed providers are supported: {", ".join(ignored_providers)!s}', video_id=video_id, expected=True)
+            else:
+                self.report_warning(f'Skipped embeds from unsupported providers: {", ".join(ignored_providers)!s}', video_id)
+        if unknown_providers:
+            self.report_warning(f'Unrecognized providers, please report: {", ".join(unknown_providers)!s}', video_id)
 
+        if not entries:
+            self.raise_no_formats('No video could be found in this post', expected=True, video_id=video_id)
+        if len(entries) == 1:
+            return {
+                **info_dict,
+                **entries[0],
+            }
         return {
-            'id': video_id,
-            'title': post_json.get('summary') or (blog if api_only else self._html_search_regex(
-                r'(?s)<title>(?P<title>.*?)(?: \| Tumblr)?</title>', webpage, 'title')),
-            'description': description,
-            'thumbnail': (traverse_obj(video_json, ('poster', 0, 'url'))
-                          or self._og_search_thumbnail(webpage, default=None)),
-            'uploader_id': uploader_id,
-            'uploader_url': f'https://{uploader_id}.tumblr.com/' if uploader_id else None,
-            'duration': duration,
-            'like_count': post_json.get('like_count'),
-            'repost_count': post_json.get('reblog_count'),
-            'age_limit': {True: 18, False: 0}.get(post_json.get('is_nsfw')),
-            'tags': post_json.get('tags'),
-            'formats': formats,
+            **info_dict,
+            '_type': 'playlist',
+            'entries': entries,
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/tva.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/tva.py
index d702640f33..48c4e9cba6 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tva.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tva.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import functools
 import re
 
 from .brightcove import BrightcoveNewIE
@@ -68,7 +67,7 @@ class TVAIE(InfoExtractor):
             'episode': episode,
             **traverse_obj(entity, {
                 'description': ('longDescription', {str}),
-                'duration': ('durationMillis', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                'duration': ('durationMillis', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'channel': ('knownEntities', 'channel', 'name', {str}),
                 'series': ('knownEntities', 'videoShow', 'name', {str}),
                 'season_number': ('slug', {lambda x: re.search(r'/s(?:ai|ea)son-(\d+)/', x)}, 1, {int_or_none}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/twitter.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/twitter.py
index 5adaf16393..8196ce6c32 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/twitter.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/twitter.py
@@ -150,14 +150,6 @@ class TwitterBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
     def is_logged_in(self):
         return bool(self._get_cookies(self._API_BASE).get('auth_token'))
 
-    # XXX: Temporary workaround until twitter.com => x.com migration is completed
-    def _real_initialize(self):
-        if self.is_logged_in or not self._get_cookies('https://twitter.com/').get('auth_token'):
-            return
-        # User has not yet been migrated to x.com and has passed twitter.com cookies
-        TwitterBaseIE._API_BASE = 'https://api.twitter.com/1.1/'
-        TwitterBaseIE._GRAPHQL_API_BASE = 'https://twitter.com/i/api/graphql/'
-
     @functools.cached_property
     def _selected_api(self):
         return self._configuration_arg('api', ['graphql'], ie_key='Twitter')[0]
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/uliza.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/uliza.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5766bd378f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/uliza.py
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
+    int_or_none,
+    make_archive_id,
+    parse_qs,
+    time_seconds,
+)
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+
+
+class UlizaPlayerIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https://player-api\.p\.uliza\.jp/v1/players/[^?#]+\?(?:[^#]*&)?name=(?P<id>[^#&]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://player-api.p.uliza.jp/v1/players/timeshift-disabled/pia/admin?type=normal&playerobjectname=ulizaPlayer&name=livestream01_dvr&repeatable=true',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '88f3109a-f503-4d0f-a9f7-9f39ac745d84',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '88f3109a-f503-4d0f-a9f7-9f39ac745d84',
+            'live_status': 'was_live',
+            '_old_archive_ids': ['piaulizaportal 88f3109a-f503-4d0f-a9f7-9f39ac745d84'],
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://player-api.p.uliza.jp/v1/players/uliza_jp_gallery_normal/promotion/admin?type=presentation&name=cookings&targetid=player1',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'ae350126-5e22-4a7f-a8ac-8d0fd448b800',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'ae350126-5e22-4a7f-a8ac-8d0fd448b800',
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
+            '_old_archive_ids': ['piaulizaportal ae350126-5e22-4a7f-a8ac-8d0fd448b800'],
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://player-api.p.uliza.jp/v1/players/default-player/pia/admin?type=normal&name=pia_movie_uliza_fix&targetid=ulizahtml5&repeatable=true',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '0644ecc8-e354-41b4-b957-3b08a2d63df1',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '0644ecc8-e354-41b4-b957-3b08a2d63df1',
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
+            '_old_archive_ids': ['piaulizaportal 0644ecc8-e354-41b4-b957-3b08a2d63df1'],
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        display_id = self._match_id(url)
+        player_data = self._download_webpage(
+            url, display_id, headers={'Referer': 'https://player-api.p.uliza.jp/'},
+            note='Fetching player data', errnote='Unable to fetch player data')
+
+        m3u8_url = self._search_regex(
+            r'["\'](https://vms-api\.p\.uliza\.jp/v1/prog-index\.m3u8[^"\']+)', player_data, 'm3u8 url')
+        video_id = parse_qs(m3u8_url).get('ss', [display_id])[0]
+
+        formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(m3u8_url, video_id)
+        m3u8_type = self._search_regex(
+            r'/hls/(dvr|video)/', traverse_obj(formats, (0, 'url')), 'm3u8 type', default=None)
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'title': video_id,
+            'formats': formats,
+            'live_status': {
+                'video': 'is_live',
+                'dvr': 'was_live',  # short-term archives
+            }.get(m3u8_type, 'not_live'),  # VOD or long-term archives
+            '_old_archive_ids': [make_archive_id('PIAULIZAPortal', video_id)],
+        }
+
+
+class UlizaPortalIE(InfoExtractor):
+    IE_DESC = 'ulizaportal.jp'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?ulizaportal\.jp/pages/(?P<id>[\da-f]{8}-(?:[\da-f]{4}-){3}[\da-f]{12})'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://ulizaportal.jp/pages/005f18b7-e810-5618-cb82-0987c5755d44',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'ae350126-5e22-4a7f-a8ac-8d0fd448b800',
+            'display_id': '005f18b7-e810-5618-cb82-0987c5755d44',
+            'title': 'プレゼンテーションプレイヤーのサンプル',
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
+            '_old_archive_ids': ['piaulizaportal ae350126-5e22-4a7f-a8ac-8d0fd448b800'],
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': True,
+            'ignore_no_formats_error': True,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://ulizaportal.jp/pages/005e1b23-fe93-5780-19a0-98e917cc4b7d?expires=4102412400&signature=f422a993b683e1068f946caf406d211c17d1ef17da8bef3df4a519502155aa91&version=1',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '0644ecc8-e354-41b4-b957-3b08a2d63df1',
+            'display_id': '005e1b23-fe93-5780-19a0-98e917cc4b7d',
+            'title': '【確認用】視聴サンプルページ（ULIZA）',
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
+            '_old_archive_ids': ['piaulizaportal 0644ecc8-e354-41b4-b957-3b08a2d63df1'],
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': True,
+            'ignore_no_formats_error': True,
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+
+        expires = int_or_none(traverse_obj(parse_qs(url), ('expires', 0)))
+        if expires and expires <= time_seconds():
+            raise ExtractorError('The link is expired', video_id=video_id, expected=True)
+
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+
+        player_data_url = self._search_regex(
+            r'<script [^>]*\bsrc="(https://player-api\.p\.uliza\.jp/v1/players/[^"]+)"',
+            webpage, 'player data url')
+        return self.url_result(
+            player_data_url, UlizaPlayerIE, url_transparent=True,
+            display_id=video_id, video_title=self._html_extract_title(webpage))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/veoh.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/veoh.py
deleted file mode 100644
index aac768f3c6..0000000000
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/veoh.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,189 +0,0 @@
-import functools
-import json
-
-from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import (
-    ExtractorError,
-    OnDemandPagedList,
-    int_or_none,
-    parse_duration,
-    qualities,
-    remove_start,
-    strip_or_none,
-)
-
-
-class VeohIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?veoh\.com/(?:watch|videos|embed|iphone/#_Watch)/(?P<id>(?:v|e|yapi-)[\da-zA-Z]+)'
-
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'http://www.veoh.com/watch/v56314296nk7Zdmz3',
-        'md5': '620e68e6a3cff80086df3348426c9ca3',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'v56314296nk7Zdmz3',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Straight Backs Are Stronger',
-            'description': 'md5:203f976279939a6dc664d4001e13f5f4',
-            'thumbnail': 're:https://fcache\\.veoh\\.com/file/f/th56314296\\.jpg(\\?.*)?',
-            'uploader': 'LUMOback',
-            'duration': 46,
-            'view_count': int,
-            'average_rating': int,
-            'comment_count': int,
-            'age_limit': 0,
-            'categories': ['technology_and_gaming'],
-            'tags': ['posture', 'posture', 'sensor', 'back', 'pain', 'wearable', 'tech', 'lumo'],
-        },
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.veoh.com/embed/v56314296nk7Zdmz3',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.veoh.com/watch/v27701988pbTc4wzN?h1=Chile+workers+cover+up+to+avoid+skin+damage',
-        'md5': '4a6ff84b87d536a6a71e6aa6c0ad07fa',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '27701988',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Chile workers cover up to avoid skin damage',
-            'description': 'md5:2bd151625a60a32822873efc246ba20d',
-            'uploader': 'afp-news',
-            'duration': 123,
-        },
-        'skip': 'This video has been deleted.',
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.veoh.com/watch/v69525809F6Nc4frX',
-        'md5': '4fde7b9e33577bab2f2f8f260e30e979',
-        'note': 'Embedded ooyala video',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '69525809',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Doctors Alter Plan For Preteen\'s Weight Loss Surgery',
-            'description': 'md5:f5a11c51f8fb51d2315bca0937526891',
-            'uploader': 'newsy-videos',
-        },
-        'skip': 'This video has been deleted.',
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.veoh.com/watch/e152215AJxZktGS',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.veoh.com/videos/v16374379WA437rMH',
-        'md5': 'cceb73f3909063d64f4b93d4defca1b3',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'v16374379WA437rMH',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Phantasmagoria 2, pt. 1-3',
-            'description': 'Phantasmagoria: a Puzzle of Flesh',
-            'thumbnail': 're:https://fcache\\.veoh\\.com/file/f/th16374379\\.jpg(\\?.*)?',
-            'uploader': 'davidspackage',
-            'duration': 968,
-            'view_count': int,
-            'average_rating': int,
-            'comment_count': int,
-            'age_limit': 18,
-            'categories': ['technology_and_gaming', 'gaming'],
-            'tags': ['puzzle', 'of', 'flesh'],
-        },
-    }]
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        video_id = self._match_id(url)
-        metadata = self._download_json(
-            'https://www.veoh.com/watch/getVideo/' + video_id,
-            video_id)
-        video = metadata['video']
-        title = video['title']
-
-        thumbnail_url = None
-        q = qualities(['Regular', 'HQ'])
-        formats = []
-        for f_id, f_url in video.get('src', {}).items():
-            if not f_url:
-                continue
-            if f_id == 'poster':
-                thumbnail_url = f_url
-            else:
-                formats.append({
-                    'format_id': f_id,
-                    'quality': q(f_id),
-                    'url': f_url,
-                })
-
-        categories = metadata.get('categoryPath')
-        if not categories:
-            category = remove_start(strip_or_none(video.get('category')), 'category_')
-            categories = [category] if category else None
-        tags = video.get('tags')
-
-        return {
-            'id': video_id,
-            'title': title,
-            'description': video.get('description'),
-            'thumbnail': thumbnail_url,
-            'uploader': video.get('author', {}).get('nickname'),
-            'duration': int_or_none(video.get('lengthBySec')) or parse_duration(video.get('length')),
-            'view_count': int_or_none(video.get('views')),
-            'formats': formats,
-            'average_rating': int_or_none(video.get('rating')),
-            'comment_count': int_or_none(video.get('numOfComments')),
-            'age_limit': 18 if video.get('contentRatingId') == 2 else 0,
-            'categories': categories,
-            'tags': tags.split(', ') if tags else None,
-        }
-
-
-class VeohUserIE(VeohIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?veoh\.com/users/(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
-    IE_NAME = 'veoh:user'
-
-    _TESTS = [
-        {
-            'url': 'https://www.veoh.com/users/valentinazoe',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': 'valentinazoe',
-                'title': 'valentinazoe (Uploads)',
-            },
-            'playlist_mincount': 75,
-        },
-        {
-            'url': 'https://www.veoh.com/users/PiensaLibre',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': 'PiensaLibre',
-                'title': 'PiensaLibre (Uploads)',
-            },
-            'playlist_mincount': 2,
-        }]
-
-    _PAGE_SIZE = 16
-
-    def _fetch_page(self, uploader, page):
-        response = self._download_json(
-            'https://www.veoh.com/users/published/videos', uploader,
-            note=f'Downloading videos page {page + 1}',
-            headers={
-                'x-csrf-token': self._TOKEN,
-                'content-type': 'application/json;charset=UTF-8',
-            },
-            data=json.dumps({
-                'username': uploader,
-                'maxResults': self._PAGE_SIZE,
-                'page': page + 1,
-                'requestName': 'userPage',
-            }).encode())
-        if not response.get('success'):
-            raise ExtractorError(response['message'])
-
-        for video in response['videos']:
-            yield self.url_result(f'https://www.veoh.com/watch/{video["permalinkId"]}', VeohIE,
-                                  video['permalinkId'], video.get('title'))
-
-    def _real_initialize(self):
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(
-            'https://www.veoh.com', None, note='Downloading authorization token')
-        self._TOKEN = self._search_regex(
-            r'csrfToken:\s*(["\'])(?P<token>[0-9a-zA-Z]{40})\1', webpage,
-            'request token', group='token')
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        uploader = self._match_id(url)
-        return self.playlist_result(OnDemandPagedList(
-            functools.partial(self._fetch_page, uploader),
-            self._PAGE_SIZE), uploader, f'{uploader} (Uploads)')
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/vidyard.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/vidyard.py
index 20a54b1618..2f6d1f4c51 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/vidyard.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/vidyard.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import functools
 import re
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
@@ -72,9 +71,9 @@ class VidyardBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'id': ('facadeUuid', {str}),
                 'display_id': ('videoId', {int}, {str_or_none}),
                 'title': ('name', {str}),
-                'description': ('description', {str}, {unescapeHTML}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'description': ('description', {str}, {unescapeHTML}, filter),
                 'duration': ((
-                    ('milliseconds', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                    ('milliseconds', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                     ('seconds', {int_or_none})), any),
                 'thumbnails': ('thumbnailUrls', ('small', 'normal'), {'url': {url_or_none}}),
                 'tags': ('tags', ..., 'name', {str}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/vimeo.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/vimeo.py
index 367d5e5835..0ed7b9ec1f 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/vimeo.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/vimeo.py
@@ -869,11 +869,12 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
         for retry in (False, True):
             try:
                 video = self._call_videos_api(video_id, viewer['jwt'], unlisted_hash)
+                break
             except ExtractorError as e:
                 if (not retry and isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 400
                     and 'password' in traverse_obj(
-                        e.cause.response.read(),
-                        ({bytes.decode}, {json.loads}, 'invalid_parameters', ..., 'field'),
+                        self._webpage_read_content(e.cause.response, e.cause.response.url, video_id, fatal=False),
+                        ({json.loads}, 'invalid_parameters', ..., 'field'),
                 )):
                     self._verify_video_password(
                         video_id, self._get_video_password(), viewer['xsrft'])
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/vrt.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/vrt.py
index 33ff574750..9345ca962b 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/vrt.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/vrt.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import functools
 import json
 import time
 import urllib.parse
@@ -171,7 +170,7 @@ class VRTIE(VRTBaseIE):
             **traverse_obj(data, {
                 'title': ('title', {str}),
                 'description': ('shortDescription', {str}),
-                'duration': ('duration', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'thumbnail': ('posterImageUrl', {url_or_none}),
             }),
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/weibo.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/weibo.py
index b5c0e926f8..e632858e56 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/weibo.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/weibo.py
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ class WeiboBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'format': ('quality_desc', {str}),
                 'format_id': ('label', {str}),
                 'ext': ('mime', {mimetype2ext}),
-                'tbr': ('bitrate', {int_or_none}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'tbr': ('bitrate', {int_or_none}, filter),
                 'vcodec': ('video_codecs', {str}),
                 'fps': ('fps', {int_or_none}),
                 'width': ('width', {int_or_none}),
@@ -107,14 +107,14 @@ class WeiboBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
             **traverse_obj(video_info, {
                 'id': (('id', 'id_str', 'mid'), {str_or_none}),
                 'display_id': ('mblogid', {str_or_none}),
-                'title': ('page_info', 'media_info', ('video_title', 'kol_title', 'name'), {str}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'title': ('page_info', 'media_info', ('video_title', 'kol_title', 'name'), {str}, filter),
                 'description': ('text_raw', {str}),
                 'duration': ('page_info', 'media_info', 'duration', {int_or_none}),
                 'timestamp': ('page_info', 'media_info', 'video_publish_time', {int_or_none}),
                 'thumbnail': ('page_info', 'page_pic', {url_or_none}),
                 'uploader': ('user', 'screen_name', {str}),
                 'uploader_id': ('user', ('id', 'id_str'), {str_or_none}),
-                'uploader_url': ('user', 'profile_url', {lambda x: urljoin('https://weibo.com/', x)}),
+                'uploader_url': ('user', 'profile_url', {urljoin('https://weibo.com/')}),
                 'view_count': ('page_info', 'media_info', 'online_users_number', {int_or_none}),
                 'like_count': ('attitudes_count', {int_or_none}),
                 'repost_count': ('reposts_count', {int_or_none}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/weverse.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/weverse.py
index 6f1a8b95d8..53ad1100d2 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/weverse.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/weverse.py
@@ -159,8 +159,8 @@ class WeverseBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
             'creators': ('community', 'communityName', {str}, all),
             'channel_id': (('community', 'author'), 'communityId', {str_or_none}),
             'duration': ('extension', 'video', 'playTime', {float_or_none}),
-            'timestamp': ('publishedAt', {lambda x: int_or_none(x, 1000)}),
-            'release_timestamp': ('extension', 'video', 'onAirStartAt', {lambda x: int_or_none(x, 1000)}),
+            'timestamp': ('publishedAt', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
+            'release_timestamp': ('extension', 'video', 'onAirStartAt', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
             'thumbnail': ('extension', (('mediaInfo', 'thumbnail', 'url'), ('video', 'thumb')), {url_or_none}),
             'view_count': ('extension', 'video', 'playCount', {int_or_none}),
             'like_count': ('extension', 'video', 'likeCount', {int_or_none}),
@@ -469,7 +469,7 @@ class WeverseMomentIE(WeverseBaseIE):
                 'creator': (('community', 'author'), 'communityName', {str}),
                 'channel_id': (('community', 'author'), 'communityId', {str_or_none}),
                 'duration': ('extension', 'moment', 'video', 'uploadInfo', 'playTime', {float_or_none}),
-                'timestamp': ('publishedAt', {lambda x: int_or_none(x, 1000)}),
+                'timestamp': ('publishedAt', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'thumbnail': ('extension', 'moment', 'video', 'uploadInfo', 'imageUrl', {url_or_none}),
                 'like_count': ('emotionCount', {int_or_none}),
                 'comment_count': ('commentCount', {int_or_none}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/wevidi.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/wevidi.py
index 0db52af43f..88b394fa23 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/wevidi.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/wevidi.py
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ class WeVidiIE(InfoExtractor):
         }
 
         src_path = f'{wvplayer_props["srcVID"]}/{wvplayer_props["srcUID"]}/{wvplayer_props["srcNAME"]}'
-        for res in traverse_obj(wvplayer_props, ('resolutions', ..., {int}, {lambda x: x or None})):
+        for res in traverse_obj(wvplayer_props, ('resolutions', ..., {int}, filter)):
             format_id = str(-(res // -2) - 1)
             yield {
                 'acodec': 'mp4a.40.2',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/xiaohongshu.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/xiaohongshu.py
index 00c6ed7c57..1280ca6a9c 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/xiaohongshu.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/xiaohongshu.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import functools
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
@@ -51,7 +50,7 @@ class XiaoHongShuIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'tbr': ('avgBitrate', {int_or_none}),
                 'format': ('qualityType', {str}),
                 'filesize': ('size', {int_or_none}),
-                'duration': ('duration', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
             })
 
             formats.extend(traverse_obj(info, (('mediaUrl', ('backupUrls', ...)), {
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/yle_areena.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/yle_areena.py
index c0a218e2fc..c2daddfa6c 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/yle_areena.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/yle_areena.py
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from .kaltura import KalturaIE
 from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
     int_or_none,
+    parse_iso8601,
     smuggle_url,
-    traverse_obj,
-    unified_strdate,
     url_or_none,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
 
 
 class YleAreenaIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -15,9 +16,9 @@ class YleAreenaIE(InfoExtractor):
     _TESTS = [
         {
             'url': 'https://areena.yle.fi/1-4371942',
-            'md5': '932edda0ecf5dfd6423804182d32f8ac',
+            'md5': 'd87e9a1e74e67e009990ddd413e426b4',
             'info_dict': {
-                'id': '0_a3tjk92c',
+                'id': '1-4371942',
                 'ext': 'mp4',
                 'title': 'Pouchit',
                 'description': 'md5:01071d7056ceec375f63960f90c35366',
@@ -26,37 +27,27 @@ class YleAreenaIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'season_number': 1,
                 'episode': 'Episode 2',
                 'episode_number': 2,
-                'thumbnail': 'http://cfvod.kaltura.com/p/1955031/sp/195503100/thumbnail/entry_id/0_a3tjk92c/version/100061',
-                'uploader_id': 'ovp@yle.fi',
-                'duration': 1435,
-                'view_count': int,
-                'upload_date': '20181204',
-                'release_date': '20190106',
-                'timestamp': 1543916210,
-                'subtitles': {'fin': [{'url': r're:^https?://', 'ext': 'srt'}]},
+                'thumbnail': r're:https://images\.cdn\.yle\.fi/image/upload/.+\.jpg',
                 'age_limit': 7,
-                'webpage_url': 'https://areena.yle.fi/1-4371942',
+                'release_date': '20190105',
+                'release_timestamp': 1546725660,
+                'duration': 1435,
             },
         },
         {
             'url': 'https://areena.yle.fi/1-2158940',
-            'md5': 'cecb603661004e36af8c5188b5212b12',
+            'md5': '6369ddc5e07b5fdaeda27a495184143c',
             'info_dict': {
-                'id': '1_l38iz9ur',
+                'id': '1-2158940',
                 'ext': 'mp4',
                 'title': 'Albi haluaa vessan',
-                'description': 'md5:15236d810c837bed861fae0e88663c33',
+                'description': 'Albi haluaa vessan.',
                 'series': 'Albi Lumiukko',
-                'thumbnail': 'http://cfvod.kaltura.com/p/1955031/sp/195503100/thumbnail/entry_id/1_l38iz9ur/version/100021',
-                'uploader_id': 'ovp@yle.fi',
-                'duration': 319,
-                'view_count': int,
-                'upload_date': '20211202',
-                'release_date': '20211215',
-                'timestamp': 1638448202,
-                'subtitles': {},
+                'thumbnail': r're:https://images\.cdn\.yle\.fi/image/upload/.+\.jpg',
                 'age_limit': 0,
-                'webpage_url': 'https://areena.yle.fi/1-2158940',
+                'release_date': '20211215',
+                'release_timestamp': 1639555200,
+                'duration': 319,
             },
         },
         {
@@ -67,72 +58,125 @@ class YleAreenaIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'title': 'HKO & Mälkki & Tanner',
                 'description': 'md5:b4f1b1af2c6569b33f75179a86eea156',
                 'series': 'Helsingin kaupunginorkesterin konsertteja',
-                'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.+\.jpg$',
+                'thumbnail': r're:https://images\.cdn\.yle\.fi/image/upload/.+\.jpg',
                 'release_date': '20230120',
+                'release_timestamp': 1674242079,
+                'duration': 8004,
             },
             'params': {
                 'skip_download': 'm3u8',
             },
         },
+        {
+            'url': 'https://areena.yle.fi/1-72251830',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '1-72251830',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': r're:Pentulive 2024 | Pentulive \d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2} \d{2}:\d{2}',
+                'description': 'md5:1f118707d9093bf894a34fbbc865397b',
+                'series': 'Pentulive',
+                'thumbnail': r're:https://images\.cdn\.yle\.fi/image/upload/.+\.jpg',
+                'live_status': 'is_live',
+                'release_date': '20241025',
+                'release_timestamp': 1729875600,
+            },
+            'params': {
+                'skip_download': 'livestream',
+            },
+        },
+        {
+            'url': 'https://areena.yle.fi/podcastit/1-71022852',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '1-71022852',
+                'ext': 'mp3',
+                'title': 'Värityspäivä',
+                'description': 'md5:c3a02b0455ec71d32cbe09d32ec161e2',
+                'series': 'Murun ja Paukun ikioma kaupunki',
+                'episode': 'Episode 1',
+                'episode_number': 1,
+                'release_date': '20240607',
+                'release_timestamp': 1717736400,
+                'duration': 442,
+            },
+        },
     ]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id, is_podcast = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'podcast')
-        info = self._search_json_ld(self._download_webpage(url, video_id), video_id, default={})
+        json_ld = self._search_json_ld(self._download_webpage(url, video_id), video_id, default={})
         video_data = self._download_json(
             f'https://player.api.yle.fi/v1/preview/{video_id}.json?app_id=player_static_prod&app_key=8930d72170e48303cf5f3867780d549b',
             video_id, headers={
                 'origin': 'https://areena.yle.fi',
                 'referer': 'https://areena.yle.fi/',
                 'content-type': 'application/json',
-            })
+            })['data']
 
         # Example title: 'K1, J2: Pouchit | Modernit miehet'
         season_number, episode_number, episode, series = self._search_regex(
             r'K(?P<season_no>\d+),\s*J(?P<episode_no>\d+):?\s*\b(?P<episode>[^|]+)\s*|\s*(?P<series>.+)',
-            info.get('title') or '', 'episode metadata', group=('season_no', 'episode_no', 'episode', 'series'),
+            json_ld.get('title') or '', 'episode metadata', group=('season_no', 'episode_no', 'episode', 'series'),
             default=(None, None, None, None))
-        description = traverse_obj(video_data, ('data', 'ongoing_ondemand', 'description', 'fin'), expected_type=str)
+        description = traverse_obj(video_data, ('ongoing_ondemand', 'description', 'fin', {str}))
 
         subtitles = {}
-        for sub in traverse_obj(video_data, ('data', 'ongoing_ondemand', 'subtitles', ...)):
-            if url_or_none(sub.get('uri')):
-                subtitles.setdefault(sub.get('language') or 'und', []).append({
-                    'url': sub['uri'],
-                    'ext': 'srt',
-                    'name': sub.get('kind'),
-                })
+        for sub in traverse_obj(video_data, ('ongoing_ondemand', 'subtitles', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['uri']))):
+            subtitles.setdefault(sub.get('language') or 'und', []).append({
+                'url': sub['uri'],
+                'ext': 'srt',
+                'name': sub.get('kind'),
+            })
 
-        if is_podcast:
-            info_dict = {
-                'url': video_data['data']['ongoing_ondemand']['media_url'],
-            }
-        elif kaltura_id := traverse_obj(video_data, ('data', 'ongoing_ondemand', 'kaltura', 'id', {str})):
-            info_dict = {
+        info_dict, metadata = {}, {}
+        if is_podcast and traverse_obj(video_data, ('ongoing_ondemand', 'media_url', {url_or_none})):
+            metadata = video_data['ongoing_ondemand']
+            info_dict['url'] = metadata['media_url']
+        elif traverse_obj(video_data, ('ongoing_event', 'manifest_url', {url_or_none})):
+            metadata = video_data['ongoing_event']
+            metadata.pop('duration', None)  # Duration is not accurate for livestreams
+            info_dict['live_status'] = 'is_live'
+        elif traverse_obj(video_data, ('ongoing_ondemand', 'manifest_url', {url_or_none})):
+            metadata = video_data['ongoing_ondemand']
+        # XXX: Has all externally-hosted Kaltura content been moved to native hosting?
+        elif kaltura_id := traverse_obj(video_data, ('ongoing_ondemand', 'kaltura', 'id', {str})):
+            metadata = video_data['ongoing_ondemand']
+            info_dict.update({
                 '_type': 'url_transparent',
                 'url': smuggle_url(f'kaltura:1955031:{kaltura_id}', {'source_url': url}),
                 'ie_key': KalturaIE.ie_key(),
-            }
+            })
+        elif traverse_obj(video_data, ('gone', {dict})):
+            self.raise_no_formats('The content is no longer available', expected=True, video_id=video_id)
+            metadata = video_data['gone']
         else:
-            formats, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
-                video_data['data']['ongoing_ondemand']['manifest_url'], video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls')
+            raise ExtractorError('Unable to extract content')
+
+        if not info_dict.get('url') and metadata.get('manifest_url'):
+            info_dict['formats'], subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                metadata['manifest_url'], video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls')
             self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
-            info_dict = {'formats': formats}
 
         return {
-            **info_dict,
+            **traverse_obj(json_ld, {
+                'title': 'title',
+                'thumbnails': ('thumbnails', ..., {'url': 'url'}),
+            }),
             'id': video_id,
-            'title': (traverse_obj(video_data, ('data', 'ongoing_ondemand', 'title', 'fin'), expected_type=str)
-                      or episode or info.get('title')),
+            'title': episode,
             'description': description,
-            'series': (traverse_obj(video_data, ('data', 'ongoing_ondemand', 'series', 'title', 'fin'), expected_type=str)
-                       or series),
+            'series': series,
             'season_number': (int_or_none(self._search_regex(r'Kausi (\d+)', description, 'season number', default=None))
                               or int_or_none(season_number)),
-            'episode_number': (traverse_obj(video_data, ('data', 'ongoing_ondemand', 'episode_number'), expected_type=int_or_none)
-                               or int_or_none(episode_number)),
-            'thumbnails': traverse_obj(info, ('thumbnails', ..., {'url': 'url'})),
-            'age_limit': traverse_obj(video_data, ('data', 'ongoing_ondemand', 'content_rating', 'age_restriction'), expected_type=int_or_none),
+            'episode_number': int_or_none(episode_number),
             'subtitles': subtitles or None,
-            'release_date': unified_strdate(traverse_obj(video_data, ('data', 'ongoing_ondemand', 'start_time'), expected_type=str)),
+            **traverse_obj(metadata, {
+                'title': ('title', 'fin', {str}),
+                'description': ('description', 'fin', {str}),
+                'series': ('series', 'title', 'fin', {str}),
+                'episode_number': ('episode_number', {int_or_none}),
+                'age_limit': ('content_rating', 'age_restriction', {int_or_none}),
+                'release_timestamp': ('start_time', {parse_iso8601}),
+                'duration': ('duration', 'duration_in_seconds', {int_or_none}),
+            }),
+            **info_dict,
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/youporn.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/youporn.py
index 4a00dfe9c3..8eb77aa031 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/youporn.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/youporn.py
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ class YouPornListBase(InfoExtractor):
             if not html:
                 return
             for element in get_elements_html_by_class('video-title', html):
-                if video_url := traverse_obj(element, ({extract_attributes}, 'href', {lambda x: urljoin(url, x)})):
+                if video_url := traverse_obj(element, ({extract_attributes}, 'href', {urljoin(url)})):
                     yield self.url_result(video_url)
 
             if page_num is not None:
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube.py
index 5148e82619..41cd90db95 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube.py
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ import urllib.parse
 from .common import InfoExtractor, SearchInfoExtractor
 from .openload import PhantomJSwrapper
 from ..jsinterp import JSInterpreter
-from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError, TransportError, network_exceptions
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError, network_exceptions
 from ..utils import (
     NO_DEFAULT,
     ExtractorError,
@@ -50,12 +50,12 @@ from ..utils import (
     parse_iso8601,
     parse_qs,
     qualities,
+    remove_end,
     remove_start,
     smuggle_url,
     str_or_none,
     str_to_int,
     strftime_or_none,
-    time_seconds,
     traverse_obj,
     try_call,
     try_get,
@@ -83,6 +83,7 @@ INNERTUBE_CLIENTS = {
         },
         'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 1,
         'REQUIRE_PO_TOKEN': True,
+        'SUPPORTS_COOKIES': True,
     },
     # Safari UA returns pre-merged video+audio 144p/240p/360p/720p/1080p HLS formats
     'web_safari': {
@@ -95,6 +96,7 @@ INNERTUBE_CLIENTS = {
         },
         'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 1,
         'REQUIRE_PO_TOKEN': True,
+        'SUPPORTS_COOKIES': True,
     },
     'web_embedded': {
         'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
@@ -104,6 +106,7 @@ INNERTUBE_CLIENTS = {
             },
         },
         'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 56,
+        'SUPPORTS_COOKIES': True,
     },
     'web_music': {
         'INNERTUBE_HOST': 'music.youtube.com',
@@ -114,6 +117,7 @@ INNERTUBE_CLIENTS = {
             },
         },
         'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 67,
+        'SUPPORTS_COOKIES': True,
     },
     # This client now requires sign-in for every video
     'web_creator': {
@@ -124,14 +128,16 @@ INNERTUBE_CLIENTS = {
             },
         },
         'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 62,
+        'REQUIRE_AUTH': True,
+        'SUPPORTS_COOKIES': True,
     },
     'android': {
         'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
             'client': {
                 'clientName': 'ANDROID',
-                'clientVersion': '19.29.37',
+                'clientVersion': '19.44.38',
                 'androidSdkVersion': 30,
-                'userAgent': 'com.google.android.youtube/19.29.37 (Linux; U; Android 11) gzip',
+                'userAgent': 'com.google.android.youtube/19.44.38 (Linux; U; Android 11) gzip',
                 'osName': 'Android',
                 'osVersion': '11',
             },
@@ -140,13 +146,14 @@ INNERTUBE_CLIENTS = {
         'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': False,
         'REQUIRE_PO_TOKEN': True,
     },
+    # This client now requires sign-in for every video
     'android_music': {
         'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
             'client': {
                 'clientName': 'ANDROID_MUSIC',
-                'clientVersion': '7.11.50',
+                'clientVersion': '7.27.52',
                 'androidSdkVersion': 30,
-                'userAgent': 'com.google.android.apps.youtube.music/7.11.50 (Linux; U; Android 11) gzip',
+                'userAgent': 'com.google.android.apps.youtube.music/7.27.52 (Linux; U; Android 11) gzip',
                 'osName': 'Android',
                 'osVersion': '11',
             },
@@ -154,15 +161,17 @@ INNERTUBE_CLIENTS = {
         'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 21,
         'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': False,
         'REQUIRE_PO_TOKEN': True,
+        'REQUIRE_AUTH': True,
+        'SUPPORTS_COOKIES': True,
     },
     # This client now requires sign-in for every video
     'android_creator': {
         'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
             'client': {
                 'clientName': 'ANDROID_CREATOR',
-                'clientVersion': '24.30.100',
+                'clientVersion': '24.45.100',
                 'androidSdkVersion': 30,
-                'userAgent': 'com.google.android.apps.youtube.creator/24.30.100 (Linux; U; Android 11) gzip',
+                'userAgent': 'com.google.android.apps.youtube.creator/24.45.100 (Linux; U; Android 11) gzip',
                 'osName': 'Android',
                 'osVersion': '11',
             },
@@ -170,38 +179,25 @@ INNERTUBE_CLIENTS = {
         'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 14,
         'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': False,
         'REQUIRE_PO_TOKEN': True,
+        'REQUIRE_AUTH': True,
     },
     # YouTube Kids videos aren't returned on this client for some reason
     'android_vr': {
         'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
             'client': {
                 'clientName': 'ANDROID_VR',
-                'clientVersion': '1.57.29',
+                'clientVersion': '1.60.19',
                 'deviceMake': 'Oculus',
                 'deviceModel': 'Quest 3',
                 'androidSdkVersion': 32,
-                'userAgent': 'com.google.android.apps.youtube.vr.oculus/1.57.29 (Linux; U; Android 12L; eureka-user Build/SQ3A.220605.009.A1) gzip',
+                'userAgent': 'com.google.android.apps.youtube.vr.oculus/1.60.19 (Linux; U; Android 12L; eureka-user Build/SQ3A.220605.009.A1) gzip',
                 'osName': 'Android',
                 'osVersion': '12L',
             },
         },
         'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 28,
         'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': False,
-    },
-    'android_testsuite': {
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
-            'client': {
-                'clientName': 'ANDROID_TESTSUITE',
-                'clientVersion': '1.9',
-                'androidSdkVersion': 30,
-                'userAgent': 'com.google.android.youtube/1.9 (Linux; U; Android 11) gzip',
-                'osName': 'Android',
-                'osVersion': '11',
-            },
-        },
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 30,
-        'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': False,
-        'PLAYER_PARAMS': '2AMB',
+        'SUPPORTS_COOKIES': True,
     },
     # iOS clients have HLS live streams. Setting device model to get 60fps formats.
     # See: https://github.com/TeamNewPipe/NewPipeExtractor/issues/680#issuecomment-1002724558
@@ -209,47 +205,51 @@ INNERTUBE_CLIENTS = {
         'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
             'client': {
                 'clientName': 'IOS',
-                'clientVersion': '19.29.1',
+                'clientVersion': '19.45.4',
                 'deviceMake': 'Apple',
                 'deviceModel': 'iPhone16,2',
-                'userAgent': 'com.google.ios.youtube/19.29.1 (iPhone16,2; U; CPU iOS 17_5_1 like Mac OS X;)',
+                'userAgent': 'com.google.ios.youtube/19.45.4 (iPhone16,2; U; CPU iOS 18_1_0 like Mac OS X;)',
                 'osName': 'iPhone',
-                'osVersion': '17.5.1.21F90',
+                'osVersion': '18.1.0.22B83',
             },
         },
         'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 5,
         'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': False,
     },
+    # This client now requires sign-in for every video
     'ios_music': {
         'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
             'client': {
                 'clientName': 'IOS_MUSIC',
-                'clientVersion': '7.08.2',
+                'clientVersion': '7.27.0',
                 'deviceMake': 'Apple',
                 'deviceModel': 'iPhone16,2',
-                'userAgent': 'com.google.ios.youtubemusic/7.08.2 (iPhone16,2; U; CPU iOS 17_5_1 like Mac OS X;)',
+                'userAgent': 'com.google.ios.youtubemusic/7.27.0 (iPhone16,2; U; CPU iOS 18_1_0 like Mac OS X;)',
                 'osName': 'iPhone',
-                'osVersion': '17.5.1.21F90',
+                'osVersion': '18.1.0.22B83',
             },
         },
         'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 26,
         'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': False,
+        'REQUIRE_AUTH': True,
+        'SUPPORTS_COOKIES': True,
     },
     # This client now requires sign-in for every video
     'ios_creator': {
         'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
             'client': {
                 'clientName': 'IOS_CREATOR',
-                'clientVersion': '24.30.100',
+                'clientVersion': '24.45.100',
                 'deviceMake': 'Apple',
                 'deviceModel': 'iPhone16,2',
-                'userAgent': 'com.google.ios.ytcreator/24.30.100 (iPhone16,2; U; CPU iOS 17_5_1 like Mac OS X;)',
+                'userAgent': 'com.google.ios.ytcreator/24.45.100 (iPhone16,2; U; CPU iOS 18_1_0 like Mac OS X;)',
                 'osName': 'iPhone',
-                'osVersion': '17.5.1.21F90',
+                'osVersion': '18.1.0.22B83',
             },
         },
         'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 15,
         'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': False,
+        'REQUIRE_AUTH': True,
     },
     # mweb has 'ultralow' formats
     # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/557
@@ -261,6 +261,7 @@ INNERTUBE_CLIENTS = {
             },
         },
         'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 2,
+        'SUPPORTS_COOKIES': True,
     },
     'tv': {
         'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
@@ -270,6 +271,7 @@ INNERTUBE_CLIENTS = {
             },
         },
         'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 7,
+        'SUPPORTS_COOKIES': True,
     },
     # This client now requires sign-in for every video
     # It was previously an age-gate workaround for videos that were `playable_in_embed`
@@ -282,17 +284,8 @@ INNERTUBE_CLIENTS = {
             },
         },
         'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 85,
-    },
-    # This client has pre-merged video+audio 720p/1080p streams
-    'mediaconnect': {
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
-            'client': {
-                'clientName': 'MEDIA_CONNECT_FRONTEND',
-                'clientVersion': '0.1',
-            },
-        },
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 95,
-        'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': False,
+        'REQUIRE_AUTH': True,
+        'SUPPORTS_COOKIES': True,
     },
 }
 
@@ -321,6 +314,8 @@ def build_innertube_clients():
         ytcfg.setdefault('INNERTUBE_HOST', 'www.youtube.com')
         ytcfg.setdefault('REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER', True)
         ytcfg.setdefault('REQUIRE_PO_TOKEN', False)
+        ytcfg.setdefault('REQUIRE_AUTH', False)
+        ytcfg.setdefault('SUPPORTS_COOKIES', False)
         ytcfg.setdefault('PLAYER_PARAMS', None)
         ytcfg['INNERTUBE_CONTEXT']['client'].setdefault('hl', 'en')
 
@@ -577,207 +572,18 @@ class YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
         self._check_login_required()
 
     def _perform_login(self, username, password):
-        auth_type, _, user = (username or '').partition('+')
-
-        if auth_type != 'oauth':
-            raise ExtractorError(self._youtube_login_hint, expected=True)
-
-        self._initialize_oauth(user, password)
-
-    '''
-    OAuth 2.0 Device Authorization Grant flow, used by the YouTube TV client (youtube.com/tv).
-
-    For more information regarding OAuth 2.0 and the Device Authorization Grant flow in general, see:
-    - https://developers.google.com/identity/protocols/oauth2/limited-input-device
-    - https://accounts.google.com/.well-known/openid-configuration
-    - https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8628
-    - https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6749
-
-    Note: The official client appears to use a proxied version of the oauth2 endpoints on youtube.com/o/oauth2,
-    which applies some modifications to the response (such as returning errors as 200 OK).
-    Since the client works with the standard API, we will use that as it is well-documented.
-    '''
-
-    _OAUTH_PROFILE = None
-    _OAUTH_ACCESS_TOKEN_CACHE = {}
-    _OAUTH_DISPLAY_ID = 'oauth'
-
-    # YouTube TV (TVHTML5) client. You can find these at youtube.com/tv
-    _OAUTH_CLIENT_ID = '861556708454-d6dlm3lh05idd8npek18k6be8ba3oc68.apps.googleusercontent.com'
-    _OAUTH_CLIENT_SECRET = 'SboVhoG9s0rNafixCSGGKXAT'
-    _OAUTH_SCOPE = 'http://gdata.youtube.com https://www.googleapis.com/auth/youtube-paid-content'
-
-    # From https://accounts.google.com/.well-known/openid-configuration
-    # Technically, these should be fetched dynamically and not hard-coded.
-    # However, as these endpoints rarely change, we can risk saving an extra request for every invocation.
-    _OAUTH_DEVICE_AUTHORIZATION_ENDPOINT = 'https://oauth2.googleapis.com/device/code'
-    _OAUTH_TOKEN_ENDPOINT = 'https://oauth2.googleapis.com/token'
-
-    @property
-    def _oauth_cache_key(self):
-        return f'oauth_refresh_token_{self._OAUTH_PROFILE}'
-
-    def _read_oauth_error_response(self, response):
-        return traverse_obj(
-            self._webpage_read_content(response, self._OAUTH_TOKEN_ENDPOINT, self._OAUTH_DISPLAY_ID, fatal=False),
-            ({json.loads}, 'error', {str}))
-
-    def _set_oauth_info(self, token_response):
-        YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor._OAUTH_ACCESS_TOKEN_CACHE.setdefault(self._OAUTH_PROFILE, {}).update({
-            'access_token': token_response['access_token'],
-            'token_type': token_response['token_type'],
-            'expiry': time_seconds(
-                seconds=traverse_obj(token_response, ('expires_in', {float_or_none}), default=300) - 10),
-        })
-        refresh_token = traverse_obj(token_response, ('refresh_token', {str}))
-        if refresh_token:
-            self.cache.store(self._NETRC_MACHINE, self._oauth_cache_key, refresh_token)
-            YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor._OAUTH_ACCESS_TOKEN_CACHE[self._OAUTH_PROFILE]['refresh_token'] = refresh_token
-
-    def _initialize_oauth(self, user, refresh_token):
-        self._OAUTH_PROFILE = user or 'default'
-
-        if self._OAUTH_PROFILE in YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor._OAUTH_ACCESS_TOKEN_CACHE:
-            self.write_debug(f'{self._OAUTH_DISPLAY_ID}: Using cached access token for profile "{self._OAUTH_PROFILE}"')
-            return
-
-        YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor._OAUTH_ACCESS_TOKEN_CACHE[self._OAUTH_PROFILE] = {}
-
-        if refresh_token:
-            refresh_token = refresh_token.strip('\'') or None
-
-        # Allow refresh token passed to initialize cache
-        if refresh_token:
-            self.cache.store(self._NETRC_MACHINE, self._oauth_cache_key, refresh_token)
-
-        refresh_token = refresh_token or self.cache.load(self._NETRC_MACHINE, self._oauth_cache_key)
-        if refresh_token:
-            YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor._OAUTH_ACCESS_TOKEN_CACHE[self._OAUTH_PROFILE]['refresh_token'] = refresh_token
-            try:
-                token_response = self._refresh_token(refresh_token)
-            except ExtractorError as e:
-                error_msg = str(e.orig_msg).replace('Failed to refresh access token: ', '')
-                self.report_warning(f'{self._OAUTH_DISPLAY_ID}: Failed to refresh access token: {error_msg}')
-                token_response = self._oauth_authorize
-        else:
-            token_response = self._oauth_authorize
-
-        self._set_oauth_info(token_response)
-        self.write_debug(f'{self._OAUTH_DISPLAY_ID}: Logged in using profile "{self._OAUTH_PROFILE}"')
-
-    def _refresh_token(self, refresh_token):
-        try:
-            token_response = self._download_json(
-                self._OAUTH_TOKEN_ENDPOINT,
-                video_id=self._OAUTH_DISPLAY_ID,
-                note='Refreshing access token',
-                data=json.dumps({
-                    'client_id': self._OAUTH_CLIENT_ID,
-                    'client_secret': self._OAUTH_CLIENT_SECRET,
-                    'refresh_token': refresh_token,
-                    'grant_type': 'refresh_token',
-                }).encode(),
-                headers={'Content-Type': 'application/json'})
-        except ExtractorError as e:
-            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError):
-                error = self._read_oauth_error_response(e.cause.response)
-                if error == 'invalid_grant':
-                    # RFC6749 § 5.2
-                    raise ExtractorError(
-                        'Failed to refresh access token: Refresh token is invalid, revoked, or expired (invalid_grant)',
-                        expected=True, video_id=self._OAUTH_DISPLAY_ID)
-                raise ExtractorError(
-                    f'Failed to refresh access token: Authorization server returned error {error}',
-                    video_id=self._OAUTH_DISPLAY_ID)
-            raise
-        return token_response
-
-    @property
-    def _oauth_authorize(self):
-        code_response = self._download_json(
-            self._OAUTH_DEVICE_AUTHORIZATION_ENDPOINT,
-            video_id=self._OAUTH_DISPLAY_ID,
-            note='Initializing authorization flow',
-            data=json.dumps({
-                'client_id': self._OAUTH_CLIENT_ID,
-                'scope': self._OAUTH_SCOPE,
-            }).encode(),
-            headers={'Content-Type': 'application/json'})
-
-        verification_url = traverse_obj(code_response, ('verification_url', {str}))
-        user_code = traverse_obj(code_response, ('user_code', {str}))
-        if not verification_url or not user_code:
+        if username.startswith('oauth'):
             raise ExtractorError(
-                'Authorization server did not provide verification_url or user_code', video_id=self._OAUTH_DISPLAY_ID)
+                f'Login with OAuth is no longer supported. {self._youtube_login_hint}', expected=True)
 
-        # note: The whitespace is intentional
-        self.to_screen(
-            f'{self._OAUTH_DISPLAY_ID}: To give yt-dlp access to your account, '
-            f'go to  {verification_url}  and enter code  {user_code}')
-
-        # RFC8628 § 3.5: default poll interval is 5 seconds if not provided
-        poll_interval = traverse_obj(code_response, ('interval', {int}), default=5)
-
-        for retry in self.RetryManager():
-            while True:
-                try:
-                    token_response = self._download_json(
-                        self._OAUTH_TOKEN_ENDPOINT,
-                        video_id=self._OAUTH_DISPLAY_ID,
-                        note=False,
-                        errnote='Failed to request access token',
-                        data=json.dumps({
-                            'client_id': self._OAUTH_CLIENT_ID,
-                            'client_secret': self._OAUTH_CLIENT_SECRET,
-                            'device_code': code_response['device_code'],
-                            'grant_type': 'urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:device_code',
-                        }).encode(),
-                        headers={'Content-Type': 'application/json'})
-                except ExtractorError as e:
-                    if isinstance(e.cause, TransportError):
-                        retry.error = e
-                        break
-                    elif isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError):
-                        error = self._read_oauth_error_response(e.cause.response)
-                        if not error:
-                            retry.error = e
-                            break
-
-                        if error == 'authorization_pending':
-                            time.sleep(poll_interval)
-                            continue
-                        elif error == 'expired_token':
-                            raise ExtractorError(
-                                'Authorization timed out', expected=True, video_id=self._OAUTH_DISPLAY_ID)
-                        elif error == 'access_denied':
-                            raise ExtractorError(
-                                'You denied access to an account', expected=True, video_id=self._OAUTH_DISPLAY_ID)
-                        elif error == 'slow_down':
-                            # RFC8628 § 3.5: add 5 seconds to the poll interval
-                            poll_interval += 5
-                            time.sleep(poll_interval)
-                            continue
-                        else:
-                            raise ExtractorError(
-                                f'Authorization server returned an error when fetching access token: {error}',
-                                video_id=self._OAUTH_DISPLAY_ID)
-                    raise
-
-                return token_response
-
-    def _update_oauth(self):
-        token = YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor._OAUTH_ACCESS_TOKEN_CACHE.get(self._OAUTH_PROFILE)
-        if token is None or token['expiry'] > time.time():
-            return
-
-        self._set_oauth_info(self._refresh_token(token['refresh_token']))
+        self.report_warning(
+            f'Login with password is not supported for YouTube. {self._youtube_login_hint}')
 
     @property
     def _youtube_login_hint(self):
-        return ('Use  --username=oauth[+PROFILE] --password=""  to log in using oauth, '
-                f'or else u{self._login_hint(method="cookies")[1:]}. '
-                'See  https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/wiki/Extractors#logging-in-with-oauth  for more on how to use oauth. '
-                'See  https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/wiki/Extractors#exporting-youtube-cookies  for help with cookies')
+        return (f'{self._login_hint(method="cookies")}. Also see  '
+                'https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/wiki/Extractors#exporting-youtube-cookies  '
+                'for tips on effectively exporting YouTube cookies')
 
     def _check_login_required(self):
         if self._LOGIN_REQUIRED and not self.is_authenticated:
@@ -927,7 +733,7 @@ class YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
 
     @functools.cached_property
     def is_authenticated(self):
-        return self._OAUTH_PROFILE or bool(self._generate_sapisidhash_header())
+        return bool(self._generate_sapisidhash_header())
 
     def extract_ytcfg(self, video_id, webpage):
         if not webpage:
@@ -937,16 +743,6 @@ class YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
                 r'ytcfg\.set\s*\(\s*({.+?})\s*\)\s*;', webpage, 'ytcfg',
                 default='{}'), video_id, fatal=False) or {}
 
-    def _generate_oauth_headers(self):
-        self._update_oauth()
-        oauth_token = YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor._OAUTH_ACCESS_TOKEN_CACHE.get(self._OAUTH_PROFILE)
-        if not oauth_token:
-            return {}
-
-        return {
-            'Authorization': f'{oauth_token["token_type"]} {oauth_token["access_token"]}',
-        }
-
     def _generate_cookie_auth_headers(self, *, ytcfg=None, account_syncid=None, session_index=None, origin=None, **kwargs):
         headers = {}
         account_syncid = account_syncid or self._extract_account_syncid(ytcfg)
@@ -976,14 +772,10 @@ class YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
             'Origin': origin,
             'X-Goog-Visitor-Id': visitor_data or self._extract_visitor_data(ytcfg),
             'User-Agent': self._ytcfg_get_safe(ytcfg, lambda x: x['INNERTUBE_CONTEXT']['client']['userAgent'], default_client=default_client),
-            **self._generate_oauth_headers(),
             **self._generate_cookie_auth_headers(ytcfg=ytcfg, account_syncid=account_syncid, session_index=session_index, origin=origin),
         }
         return filter_dict(headers)
 
-    def _generate_webpage_headers(self):
-        return self._generate_oauth_headers()
-
     def _download_ytcfg(self, client, video_id):
         url = {
             'web': 'https://www.youtube.com',
@@ -993,8 +785,7 @@ class YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
         if not url:
             return {}
         webpage = self._download_webpage(
-            url, video_id, fatal=False, note=f'Downloading {client.replace("_", " ").strip()} client config',
-            headers=self._generate_webpage_headers())
+            url, video_id, fatal=False, note=f'Downloading {client.replace("_", " ").strip()} client config')
         return self.extract_ytcfg(video_id, webpage) or {}
 
     @staticmethod
@@ -1565,6 +1356,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
     }
     _SUBTITLE_FORMATS = ('json3', 'srv1', 'srv2', 'srv3', 'ttml', 'vtt')
     _DEFAULT_CLIENTS = ('ios', 'mweb')
+    _DEFAULT_AUTHED_CLIENTS = ('web_creator', 'mweb')
 
     _GEO_BYPASS = False
 
@@ -3133,7 +2925,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
             # Obtain from MPD's maximum seq value
             old_mpd_url = mpd_url
             last_error = ctx.pop('last_error', None)
-            expire_fast = immediate or last_error and isinstance(last_error, HTTPError) and last_error.status == 403
+            expire_fast = immediate or (last_error and isinstance(last_error, HTTPError) and last_error.status == 403)
             mpd_url, stream_number, is_live = (mpd_feed(format_id, 5 if expire_fast else 18000)
                                                or (mpd_url, stream_number, False))
             if not refresh_sequence:
@@ -3259,8 +3051,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
             code = self._download_webpage(
                 player_url, video_id, fatal=fatal,
                 note='Downloading player ' + player_id,
-                errnote=f'Download of {player_url} failed',
-                headers=self._generate_webpage_headers())
+                errnote=f'Download of {player_url} failed')
             if code:
                 self._code_cache[player_id] = code
         return self._code_cache.get(player_id)
@@ -3543,8 +3334,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
 
             self._download_webpage(
                 url, video_id, f'Marking {label}watched',
-                'Unable to mark watched', fatal=False,
-                headers=self._generate_webpage_headers())
+                'Unable to mark watched', fatal=False)
 
     @classmethod
     def _extract_from_webpage(cls, url, webpage):
@@ -3610,7 +3400,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
             'frameworkUpdates', 'entityBatchUpdate', 'mutations',
             lambda _, v: v['payload']['macroMarkersListEntity']['markersList']['markerType'] == 'MARKER_TYPE_HEATMAP',
             'payload', 'macroMarkersListEntity', 'markersList', 'markers', ..., {
-                'start_time': ('startMillis', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                'start_time': ('startMillis', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'end_time': {lambda x: (int(x['startMillis']) + int(x['durationMillis'])) / 1000},
                 'value': ('intensityScoreNormalized', {float_or_none}),
             })) or None
@@ -3636,7 +3426,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'author_is_verified': ('author', 'isVerified', {bool}),
                 'author_url': ('author', 'channelCommand', 'innertubeCommand', (
                     ('browseEndpoint', 'canonicalBaseUrl'), ('commandMetadata', 'webCommandMetadata', 'url'),
-                ), {lambda x: urljoin('https://www.youtube.com', x)}),
+                ), {urljoin('https://www.youtube.com')}),
             }, get_all=False),
             'is_favorited': (None if toolbar_entity_payload is None else
                              toolbar_entity_payload.get('heartState') == 'TOOLBAR_HEART_STATE_HEARTED'),
@@ -4033,12 +3823,13 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
     def _get_requested_clients(self, url, smuggled_data):
         requested_clients = []
         excluded_clients = []
+        default_clients = self._DEFAULT_AUTHED_CLIENTS if self.is_authenticated else self._DEFAULT_CLIENTS
         allowed_clients = sorted(
             (client for client in INNERTUBE_CLIENTS if client[:1] != '_'),
             key=lambda client: INNERTUBE_CLIENTS[client]['priority'], reverse=True)
         for client in self._configuration_arg('player_client'):
             if client == 'default':
-                requested_clients.extend(self._DEFAULT_CLIENTS)
+                requested_clients.extend(default_clients)
             elif client == 'all':
                 requested_clients.extend(allowed_clients)
             elif client.startswith('-'):
@@ -4048,7 +3839,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
             else:
                 requested_clients.append(client)
         if not requested_clients:
-            requested_clients.extend(self._DEFAULT_CLIENTS)
+            requested_clients.extend(default_clients)
         for excluded_client in excluded_clients:
             if excluded_client in requested_clients:
                 requested_clients.remove(excluded_client)
@@ -4058,9 +3849,19 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
         if smuggled_data.get('is_music_url') or self.is_music_url(url):
             for requested_client in requested_clients:
                 _, base_client, variant = _split_innertube_client(requested_client)
-                music_client = f'{base_client}_music'
+                music_client = f'{base_client}_music' if base_client != 'mweb' else 'web_music'
                 if variant != 'music' and music_client in INNERTUBE_CLIENTS:
-                    requested_clients.append(music_client)
+                    client_info = INNERTUBE_CLIENTS[music_client]
+                    if not client_info['REQUIRE_AUTH'] or (self.is_authenticated and client_info['SUPPORTS_COOKIES']):
+                        requested_clients.append(music_client)
+
+        if self.is_authenticated:
+            unsupported_clients = [
+                client for client in requested_clients if not INNERTUBE_CLIENTS[client]['SUPPORTS_COOKIES']
+            ]
+            for client in unsupported_clients:
+                self.report_warning(f'Skipping client "{client}" since it does not support cookies', only_once=True)
+                requested_clients.remove(client)
 
         return orderedSet(requested_clients)
 
@@ -4167,16 +3968,18 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 else:
                     prs.append(pr)
 
+            ''' This code is pointless while web_creator is in _DEFAULT_AUTHED_CLIENTS
             # EU countries require age-verification for accounts to access age-restricted videos
             # If account is not age-verified, _is_agegated() will be truthy for non-embedded clients
             if self.is_authenticated and self._is_agegated(pr):
                 self.to_screen(
                     f'{video_id}: This video is age-restricted and YouTube is requiring '
                     'account age-verification; some formats may be missing', only_once=True)
-                # web_creator and mediaconnect can work around the age-verification requirement
-                # _testsuite & _vr variants can also work around age-verification
+                # web_creator can work around the age-verification requirement
+                # android_vr may also be able to work around age-verification
                 # tv_embedded may(?) still work around age-verification if the video is embeddable
-                append_client('web_creator', 'mediaconnect')
+                append_client('web_creator')
+            '''
 
         prs.extend(deprioritized_prs)
 
@@ -4192,8 +3995,8 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
         return prs, player_url
 
     def _needs_live_processing(self, live_status, duration):
-        if (live_status == 'is_live' and self.get_param('live_from_start')
-                or live_status == 'post_live' and (duration or 0) > 2 * 3600):
+        if ((live_status == 'is_live' and self.get_param('live_from_start'))
+                or (live_status == 'post_live' and (duration or 0) > 2 * 3600)):
             return live_status
 
     def _extract_formats_and_subtitles(self, streaming_data, video_id, player_url, live_status, duration):
@@ -4303,7 +4106,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                     continue
 
             tbr = float_or_none(fmt.get('averageBitrate') or fmt.get('bitrate'), 1000)
-            format_duration = traverse_obj(fmt, ('approxDurationMs', {lambda x: float_or_none(x, 1000)}))
+            format_duration = traverse_obj(fmt, ('approxDurationMs', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}))
             # Some formats may have much smaller duration than others (possibly damaged during encoding)
             # E.g. 2-nOtRESiUc Ref: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/2823
             # Make sure to avoid false positives with small duration differences.
@@ -4389,7 +4192,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
         skip_manifests = set(self._configuration_arg('skip'))
         if (not self.get_param('youtube_include_hls_manifest', True)
                 or needs_live_processing == 'is_live'  # These will be filtered out by YoutubeDL anyway
-                or needs_live_processing and skip_bad_formats):
+                or (needs_live_processing and skip_bad_formats)):
             skip_manifests.add('hls')
 
         if not self.get_param('youtube_include_dash_manifest', True):
@@ -4525,7 +4328,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
             if pp:
                 query['pp'] = pp
             webpage = self._download_webpage(
-                webpage_url, video_id, fatal=False, query=query, headers=self._generate_webpage_headers())
+                webpage_url, video_id, fatal=False, query=query)
 
         master_ytcfg = self.extract_ytcfg(video_id, webpage) or self._get_default_ytcfg()
 
@@ -4587,14 +4390,14 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
             expected_type=dict)
 
         translated_title = self._get_text(microformats, (..., 'title'))
-        video_title = (self._preferred_lang and translated_title
+        video_title = ((self._preferred_lang and translated_title)
                        or get_first(video_details, 'title')  # primary
                        or translated_title
                        or search_meta(['og:title', 'twitter:title', 'title']))
         translated_description = self._get_text(microformats, (..., 'description'))
         original_description = get_first(video_details, 'shortDescription')
         video_description = (
-            self._preferred_lang and translated_description
+            (self._preferred_lang and translated_description)
             # If original description is blank, it will be an empty string.
             # Do not prefer translated description in this case.
             or original_description if original_description is not None else translated_description)
@@ -4668,6 +4471,9 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                     self.raise_geo_restricted(subreason, countries, metadata_available=True)
                 reason += f'. {subreason}'
             if reason:
+                if 'sign in' in reason.lower():
+                    reason = remove_end(reason, 'This helps protect our community. Learn more')
+                    reason = f'{remove_end(reason.strip(), ".")}. {self._youtube_login_hint}'
                 self.raise_no_formats(reason, expected=True)
 
         keywords = get_first(video_details, 'keywords', expected_type=list) or []
@@ -4776,7 +4582,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
             'live_status': live_status,
             'release_timestamp': live_start_time,
             '_format_sort_fields': (  # source_preference is lower for potentially damaged formats
-                'quality', 'res', 'fps', 'hdr:12', 'source', 'vcodec:vp9.2', 'channels', 'acodec', 'lang', 'proto'),
+                'quality', 'res', 'fps', 'hdr:12', 'source', 'vcodec', 'channels', 'acodec', 'lang', 'proto'),
         }
 
         subtitles = {}
@@ -5192,6 +4998,10 @@ class YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
         for item in grid_renderer['items']:
             if not isinstance(item, dict):
                 continue
+            if lockup_view_model := traverse_obj(item, ('lockupViewModel', {dict})):
+                if entry := self._extract_lockup_view_model(lockup_view_model):
+                    yield entry
+                continue
             renderer = self._extract_basic_item_renderer(item)
             if not isinstance(renderer, dict):
                 continue
@@ -5290,7 +5100,27 @@ class YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 continue
             yield self._extract_video(renderer)
 
+    def _extract_lockup_view_model(self, view_model):
+        content_id = view_model.get('contentId')
+        if not content_id:
+            return
+        content_type = view_model.get('contentType')
+        if content_type not in ('LOCKUP_CONTENT_TYPE_PLAYLIST', 'LOCKUP_CONTENT_TYPE_PODCAST'):
+            self.report_warning(
+                f'Unsupported lockup view model content type "{content_type}"{bug_reports_message()}', only_once=True)
+            return
+        return self.url_result(
+            f'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list={content_id}', ie=YoutubeTabIE, video_id=content_id,
+            title=traverse_obj(view_model, (
+                'metadata', 'lockupMetadataViewModel', 'title', 'content', {str})),
+            thumbnails=self._extract_thumbnails(view_model, (
+                'contentImage', 'collectionThumbnailViewModel', 'primaryThumbnail', 'thumbnailViewModel', 'image'), final_key='sources'))
+
     def _rich_entries(self, rich_grid_renderer):
+        if lockup_view_model := traverse_obj(rich_grid_renderer, ('content', 'lockupViewModel', {dict})):
+            if entry := self._extract_lockup_view_model(lockup_view_model):
+                yield entry
+            return
         renderer = traverse_obj(
             rich_grid_renderer,
             ('content', ('videoRenderer', 'reelItemRenderer', 'playlistRenderer', 'shortsLockupViewModel'), any)) or {}
@@ -5813,7 +5643,7 @@ class YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
         webpage, data = None, None
         for retry in self.RetryManager(fatal=fatal):
             try:
-                webpage = self._download_webpage(url, item_id, note='Downloading webpage', headers=self._generate_webpage_headers())
+                webpage = self._download_webpage(url, item_id, note='Downloading webpage')
                 data = self.extract_yt_initial_data(item_id, webpage or '', fatal=fatal) or {}
             except ExtractorError as e:
                 if isinstance(e.cause, network_exceptions):
@@ -5988,7 +5818,7 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw',
             'title': '3Blue1Brown - Playlists',
-            'description': 'md5:4d1da95432004b7ba840ebc895b6b4c9',
+            'description': 'md5:602e3789e6a0cb7d9d352186b720e395',
             'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw',
             'channel': '3Blue1Brown',
             'channel_id': 'UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw',
@@ -6912,22 +6742,22 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
         },
         'playlist_count': 0,
     }, {
-        # Podcasts tab, with rich entry playlistRenderers
+        # Podcasts tab, with rich entry lockupViewModel
         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@99percentinvisiblepodcast/podcasts',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'UCVMF2HD4ZgC0QHpU9Yq5Xrw',
             'channel_id': 'UCVMF2HD4ZgC0QHpU9Yq5Xrw',
             'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@99percentinvisiblepodcast',
             'description': 'md5:3a0ed38f1ad42a68ef0428c04a15695c',
-            'title': '99 Percent Invisible - Podcasts',
-            'uploader': '99 Percent Invisible',
+            'title': '99% Invisible - Podcasts',
+            'uploader': '99% Invisible',
             'channel_follower_count': int,
             'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCVMF2HD4ZgC0QHpU9Yq5Xrw',
             'tags': [],
-            'channel': '99 Percent Invisible',
+            'channel': '99% Invisible',
             'uploader_id': '@99percentinvisiblepodcast',
         },
-        'playlist_count': 0,
+        'playlist_count': 5,
     }, {
         # Releases tab, with rich entry playlistRenderers (same as Podcasts tab)
         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@AHimitsu/releases',
@@ -7007,7 +6837,7 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
         tab_url = urljoin(base_url, traverse_obj(
             tab, ('endpoint', 'commandMetadata', 'webCommandMetadata', 'url')))
 
-        tab_id = (tab_url and self._get_url_mobj(tab_url)['tab'][1:]
+        tab_id = ((tab_url and self._get_url_mobj(tab_url)['tab'][1:])
                   or traverse_obj(tab, 'tabIdentifier', expected_type=str))
         if tab_id:
             return {
@@ -7857,7 +7687,7 @@ class YoutubeClipIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
             'section_start': int(clip_data['startTimeMs']) / 1000,
             'section_end': int(clip_data['endTimeMs']) / 1000,
             '_format_sort_fields': (  # https protocol is prioritized for ffmpeg compatibility
-                'proto:https', 'quality', 'res', 'fps', 'hdr:12', 'source', 'vcodec:vp9.2', 'channels', 'acodec', 'lang'),
+                'proto:https', 'quality', 'res', 'fps', 'hdr:12', 'source', 'vcodec', 'channels', 'acodec', 'lang'),
         }
 
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/zaiko.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/zaiko.py
index 4563b7ba07..13ce5de12e 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/zaiko.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/zaiko.py
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ class ZaikoIE(ZaikoBaseIE):
                 'uploader': ('profile', 'name', {str}),
                 'uploader_id': ('profile', 'id', {str_or_none}),
                 'release_timestamp': ('stream', 'start', 'timestamp', {int_or_none}),
-                'categories': ('event', 'genres', ..., {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'categories': ('event', 'genres', ..., filter),
             }),
             'alt_title': traverse_obj(initial_event_info, ('title', {str})),
             'thumbnails': [{'url': url, 'id': url_basename(url)} for url in thumbnail_urls if url_or_none(url)],
diff --git a/yt_dlp/options.py b/yt_dlp/options.py
index c4d2a72743..930d9d4bef 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/options.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/options.py
@@ -419,7 +419,9 @@ def create_parser():
     general.add_option(
         '--flat-playlist',
         action='store_const', dest='extract_flat', const='in_playlist', default=False,
-        help='Do not extract the videos of a playlist, only list them')
+        help=(
+            'Do not extract a playlist\'s URL result entries; '
+            'some entry metadata may be missing and downloading may be bypassed'))
     general.add_option(
         '--no-flat-playlist',
         action='store_false', dest='extract_flat',
@@ -483,13 +485,13 @@ def create_parser():
                 'no-attach-info-json', 'embed-thumbnail-atomicparsley', 'no-external-downloader-progress',
                 'embed-metadata', 'seperate-video-versions', 'no-clean-infojson', 'no-keep-subs', 'no-certifi',
                 'no-youtube-channel-redirect', 'no-youtube-unavailable-videos', 'no-youtube-prefer-utc-upload-date',
-                'prefer-legacy-http-handler', 'manifest-filesize-approx', 'allow-unsafe-ext',
+                'prefer-legacy-http-handler', 'manifest-filesize-approx', 'allow-unsafe-ext', 'prefer-vp9-sort',
             }, 'aliases': {
-                'youtube-dl': ['all', '-multistreams', '-playlist-match-filter', '-manifest-filesize-approx', '-allow-unsafe-ext'],
-                'youtube-dlc': ['all', '-no-youtube-channel-redirect', '-no-live-chat', '-playlist-match-filter', '-manifest-filesize-approx', '-allow-unsafe-ext'],
+                'youtube-dl': ['all', '-multistreams', '-playlist-match-filter', '-manifest-filesize-approx', '-allow-unsafe-ext', '-prefer-vp9-sort'],
+                'youtube-dlc': ['all', '-no-youtube-channel-redirect', '-no-live-chat', '-playlist-match-filter', '-manifest-filesize-approx', '-allow-unsafe-ext', '-prefer-vp9-sort'],
                 '2021': ['2022', 'no-certifi', 'filename-sanitization'],
                 '2022': ['2023', 'no-external-downloader-progress', 'playlist-match-filter', 'prefer-legacy-http-handler', 'manifest-filesize-approx'],
-                '2023': [],
+                '2023': ['prefer-vp9-sort'],
             },
         }, help=(
             'Options that can help keep compatibility with youtube-dl or youtube-dlc '
@@ -700,7 +702,8 @@ def create_parser():
     selection.add_option(
         '--break-on-existing',
         action='store_true', dest='break_on_existing', default=False,
-        help='Stop the download process when encountering a file that is in the archive')
+        help='Stop the download process when encountering a file that is in the archive '
+             'supplied with the --download-archive option')
     selection.add_option(
         '--no-break-on-existing',
         action='store_false', dest='break_on_existing',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/plugins.py b/yt_dlp/plugins.py
index 204558d603..94335a9a32 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/plugins.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/plugins.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import contextlib
+import functools
 import importlib
 import importlib.abc
 import importlib.machinery
@@ -13,7 +14,6 @@ import zipimport
 from pathlib import Path
 from zipfile import ZipFile
 
-from .compat import functools  # isort: split
 from .utils import (
     Config,
     get_executable_path,
@@ -183,4 +183,4 @@ def load_plugins(name, suffix):
 
 sys.meta_path.insert(0, PluginFinder(f'{PACKAGE_NAME}.extractor', f'{PACKAGE_NAME}.postprocessor'))
 
-__all__ = ['directories', 'load_plugins', 'PACKAGE_NAME', 'COMPAT_PACKAGE_NAME']
+__all__ = ['COMPAT_PACKAGE_NAME', 'PACKAGE_NAME', 'directories', 'load_plugins']
diff --git a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/__init__.py b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/__init__.py
index 164540b5db..7b16205449 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/__init__.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/__init__.py
@@ -44,4 +44,4 @@ def get_postprocessor(key):
 
 globals().update(_PLUGIN_CLASSES)
 __all__ = [name for name in globals() if name.endswith('PP')]
-__all__.extend(('PostProcessor', 'FFmpegPostProcessor'))
+__all__.extend(('FFmpegPostProcessor', 'PostProcessor'))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/common.py b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/common.py
index eeeece82c2..be2bb33f64 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/common.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/common.py
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ from ..utils import (
     RetryManager,
     _configuration_args,
     deprecation_warning,
-    encodeFilename,
 )
 
 
@@ -151,7 +150,7 @@ class PostProcessor(metaclass=PostProcessorMetaClass):
 
     def try_utime(self, path, atime, mtime, errnote='Cannot update utime of file'):
         try:
-            os.utime(encodeFilename(path), (atime, mtime))
+            os.utime(path, (atime, mtime))
         except Exception:
             self.report_warning(errnote)
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/embedthumbnail.py b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/embedthumbnail.py
index 16c8bcdda7..d8ba220cab 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/embedthumbnail.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/embedthumbnail.py
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ from ..utils import (
     PostProcessingError,
     check_executable,
     encodeArgument,
-    encodeFilename,
     prepend_extension,
     shell_quote,
 )
@@ -68,7 +67,7 @@ class EmbedThumbnailPP(FFmpegPostProcessor):
             self.to_screen('There are no thumbnails on disk')
             return [], info
         thumbnail_filename = info['thumbnails'][idx]['filepath']
-        if not os.path.exists(encodeFilename(thumbnail_filename)):
+        if not os.path.exists(thumbnail_filename):
             self.report_warning('Skipping embedding the thumbnail because the file is missing.')
             return [], info
 
@@ -85,7 +84,7 @@ class EmbedThumbnailPP(FFmpegPostProcessor):
             thumbnail_filename = convertor.convert_thumbnail(thumbnail_filename, 'png')
             thumbnail_ext = 'png'
 
-        mtime = os.stat(encodeFilename(filename)).st_mtime
+        mtime = os.stat(filename).st_mtime
 
         success = True
         if info['ext'] == 'mp3':
@@ -154,12 +153,12 @@ class EmbedThumbnailPP(FFmpegPostProcessor):
                 else:
                     if not prefer_atomicparsley:
                         self.to_screen('mutagen was not found. Falling back to AtomicParsley')
-                    cmd = [encodeFilename(atomicparsley, True),
-                           encodeFilename(filename, True),
+                    cmd = [atomicparsley,
+                           filename,
                            encodeArgument('--artwork'),
-                           encodeFilename(thumbnail_filename, True),
+                           thumbnail_filename,
                            encodeArgument('-o'),
-                           encodeFilename(temp_filename, True)]
+                           temp_filename]
                     cmd += [encodeArgument(o) for o in self._configuration_args('AtomicParsley')]
 
                     self._report_run('atomicparsley', filename)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/ffmpeg.py b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/ffmpeg.py
index 164c46d143..8965806ae7 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/ffmpeg.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/ffmpeg.py
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ from ..utils import (
     determine_ext,
     dfxp2srt,
     encodeArgument,
-    encodeFilename,
     filter_dict,
     float_or_none,
     is_outdated_version,
@@ -243,13 +242,13 @@ class FFmpegPostProcessor(PostProcessor):
         try:
             if self.probe_available:
                 cmd = [
-                    encodeFilename(self.probe_executable, True),
+                    self.probe_executable,
                     encodeArgument('-show_streams')]
             else:
                 cmd = [
-                    encodeFilename(self.executable, True),
+                    self.executable,
                     encodeArgument('-i')]
-            cmd.append(encodeFilename(self._ffmpeg_filename_argument(path), True))
+            cmd.append(self._ffmpeg_filename_argument(path))
             self.write_debug(f'{self.basename} command line: {shell_quote(cmd)}')
             stdout, stderr, returncode = Popen.run(
                 cmd, text=True, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
@@ -282,7 +281,7 @@ class FFmpegPostProcessor(PostProcessor):
         self.check_version()
 
         cmd = [
-            encodeFilename(self.probe_executable, True),
+            self.probe_executable,
             encodeArgument('-hide_banner'),
             encodeArgument('-show_format'),
             encodeArgument('-show_streams'),
@@ -335,9 +334,9 @@ class FFmpegPostProcessor(PostProcessor):
         self.check_version()
 
         oldest_mtime = min(
-            os.stat(encodeFilename(path)).st_mtime for path, _ in input_path_opts if path)
+            os.stat(path).st_mtime for path, _ in input_path_opts if path)
 
-        cmd = [encodeFilename(self.executable, True), encodeArgument('-y')]
+        cmd = [self.executable, encodeArgument('-y')]
         # avconv does not have repeat option
         if self.basename == 'ffmpeg':
             cmd += [encodeArgument('-loglevel'), encodeArgument('repeat+info')]
@@ -353,7 +352,7 @@ class FFmpegPostProcessor(PostProcessor):
                 args.append('-i')
             return (
                 [encodeArgument(arg) for arg in args]
-                + [encodeFilename(self._ffmpeg_filename_argument(file), True)])
+                + [self._ffmpeg_filename_argument(file)])
 
         for arg_type, path_opts in (('i', input_path_opts), ('o', output_path_opts)):
             cmd += itertools.chain.from_iterable(
@@ -522,8 +521,8 @@ class FFmpegExtractAudioPP(FFmpegPostProcessor):
                 return [], information
             orig_path = prepend_extension(path, 'orig')
             temp_path = prepend_extension(path, 'temp')
-        if (self._nopostoverwrites and os.path.exists(encodeFilename(new_path))
-                and os.path.exists(encodeFilename(orig_path))):
+        if (self._nopostoverwrites and os.path.exists(new_path)
+                and os.path.exists(orig_path)):
             self.to_screen(f'Post-process file {new_path} exists, skipping')
             return [], information
 
@@ -627,7 +626,7 @@ class FFmpegEmbedSubtitlePP(FFmpegPostProcessor):
             sub_ext = sub_info['ext']
             if sub_ext == 'json':
                 self.report_warning('JSON subtitles cannot be embedded')
-            elif ext != 'webm' or ext == 'webm' and sub_ext == 'vtt':
+            elif ext != 'webm' or (ext == 'webm' and sub_ext == 'vtt'):
                 sub_langs.append(lang)
                 sub_names.append(sub_info.get('name'))
                 sub_filenames.append(sub_info['filepath'])
@@ -838,7 +837,7 @@ class FFmpegMergerPP(FFmpegPostProcessor):
                 args.extend(['-map', f'{i}:v:0'])
         self.to_screen(f'Merging formats into "{filename}"')
         self.run_ffmpeg_multiple_files(info['__files_to_merge'], temp_filename, args)
-        os.rename(encodeFilename(temp_filename), encodeFilename(filename))
+        os.rename(temp_filename, filename)
         return info['__files_to_merge'], info
 
     def can_merge(self):
@@ -1039,7 +1038,7 @@ class FFmpegSplitChaptersPP(FFmpegPostProcessor):
 
     def _ffmpeg_args_for_chapter(self, number, chapter, info):
         destination = self._prepare_filename(number, chapter, info)
-        if not self._downloader._ensure_dir_exists(encodeFilename(destination)):
+        if not self._downloader._ensure_dir_exists(destination):
             return
 
         chapter['filepath'] = destination
diff --git a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/movefilesafterdownload.py b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/movefilesafterdownload.py
index 35e87051b4..964ca1f921 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/movefilesafterdownload.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/movefilesafterdownload.py
@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@ from .common import PostProcessor
 from ..compat import shutil
 from ..utils import (
     PostProcessingError,
-    decodeFilename,
-    encodeFilename,
     make_dir,
 )
 
@@ -21,25 +19,25 @@ class MoveFilesAfterDownloadPP(PostProcessor):
         return 'MoveFiles'
 
     def run(self, info):
-        dl_path, dl_name = os.path.split(encodeFilename(info['filepath']))
+        dl_path, dl_name = os.path.split(info['filepath'])
         finaldir = info.get('__finaldir', dl_path)
         finalpath = os.path.join(finaldir, dl_name)
         if self._downloaded:
-            info['__files_to_move'][info['filepath']] = decodeFilename(finalpath)
+            info['__files_to_move'][info['filepath']] = finalpath
 
-        make_newfilename = lambda old: decodeFilename(os.path.join(finaldir, os.path.basename(encodeFilename(old))))
+        make_newfilename = lambda old: os.path.join(finaldir, os.path.basename(old))
         for oldfile, newfile in info['__files_to_move'].items():
             if not newfile:
                 newfile = make_newfilename(oldfile)
-            if os.path.abspath(encodeFilename(oldfile)) == os.path.abspath(encodeFilename(newfile)):
+            if os.path.abspath(oldfile) == os.path.abspath(newfile):
                 continue
-            if not os.path.exists(encodeFilename(oldfile)):
+            if not os.path.exists(oldfile):
                 self.report_warning(f'File "{oldfile}" cannot be found')
                 continue
-            if os.path.exists(encodeFilename(newfile)):
+            if os.path.exists(newfile):
                 if self.get_param('overwrites', True):
                     self.report_warning(f'Replacing existing file "{newfile}"')
-                    os.remove(encodeFilename(newfile))
+                    os.remove(newfile)
                 else:
                     self.report_warning(
                         f'Cannot move file "{oldfile}" out of temporary directory since "{newfile}" already exists. ')
diff --git a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/sponskrub.py b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/sponskrub.py
index 525b6392a4..ac6db1bc7b 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/sponskrub.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/sponskrub.py
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ from ..utils import (
     check_executable,
     cli_option,
     encodeArgument,
-    encodeFilename,
     prepend_extension,
     shell_quote,
     str_or_none,
@@ -52,7 +51,7 @@ class SponSkrubPP(PostProcessor):
             return [], information
 
         filename = information['filepath']
-        if not os.path.exists(encodeFilename(filename)):  # no download
+        if not os.path.exists(filename):  # no download
             return [], information
 
         if information['extractor_key'].lower() != 'youtube':
@@ -71,8 +70,8 @@ class SponSkrubPP(PostProcessor):
                 self.report_warning('If sponskrub is run multiple times, unintended parts of the video could be cut out.')
 
         temp_filename = prepend_extension(filename, self._temp_ext)
-        if os.path.exists(encodeFilename(temp_filename)):
-            os.remove(encodeFilename(temp_filename))
+        if os.path.exists(temp_filename):
+            os.remove(temp_filename)
 
         cmd = [self.path]
         if not self.cutout:
diff --git a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/xattrpp.py b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/xattrpp.py
index 166aabaf92..e486b797b7 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/xattrpp.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/xattrpp.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import os
 
 from .common import PostProcessor
-from ..compat import compat_os_name
 from ..utils import (
     PostProcessingError,
     XAttrMetadataError,
@@ -57,7 +56,7 @@ class XAttrMetadataPP(PostProcessor):
                 elif e.reason == 'VALUE_TOO_LONG':
                     self.report_warning(f'Unable to write extended attribute "{xattrname}" due to too long values.')
                 else:
-                    tip = ('You need to use NTFS' if compat_os_name == 'nt'
+                    tip = ('You need to use NTFS' if os.name == 'nt'
                            else 'You may have to enable them in your "/etc/fstab"')
                     raise PostProcessingError(f'This filesystem doesn\'t support extended attributes. {tip}')
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/update.py b/yt_dlp/update.py
index 3a8d78de41..ca2ec5f376 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/update.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/update.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import atexit
 import contextlib
+import functools
 import hashlib
 import json
 import os
@@ -12,8 +13,6 @@ import sys
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from zipimport import zipimporter
 
-from .compat import functools  # isort: split
-from .compat import compat_realpath
 from .networking import Request
 from .networking.exceptions import HTTPError, network_exceptions
 from .utils import (
@@ -135,7 +134,7 @@ def _get_binary_name():
 
 
 def _get_system_deprecation():
-    MIN_SUPPORTED, MIN_RECOMMENDED = (3, 8), (3, 9)
+    MIN_SUPPORTED, MIN_RECOMMENDED = (3, 9), (3, 9)
 
     if sys.version_info > MIN_RECOMMENDED:
         return None
@@ -146,18 +145,6 @@ def _get_system_deprecation():
     if sys.version_info < MIN_SUPPORTED:
         return f'Python version {major}.{minor} is no longer supported! {PYTHON_MSG}'
 
-    EXE_MSG_TMPL = ('Support for {} has been deprecated. '
-                    'See  https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/{}  for details.\n{}')
-    STOP_MSG = 'You may stop receiving updates on this version at any time!'
-    variant = detect_variant()
-
-    # Temporary until Windows builds use 3.9, which will drop support for Win7 and 2008ServerR2
-    if variant in ('win_exe', 'win_x86_exe'):
-        platform_name = platform.platform()
-        if any(platform_name.startswith(f'Windows-{name}') for name in ('7', '2008ServerR2')):
-            return EXE_MSG_TMPL.format('Windows 7/Server 2008 R2', 'issues/10086', STOP_MSG)
-        return None
-
     return f'Support for Python version {major}.{minor} has been deprecated. {PYTHON_MSG}'
 
 
@@ -213,8 +200,6 @@ class UpdateInfo:
     binary_name: str | None = _get_binary_name()  # noqa: RUF009: Always returns the same value
     checksum: str | None = None
 
-    _has_update = True
-
 
 class Updater:
     # XXX: use class variables to simplify testing
@@ -535,7 +520,7 @@ class Updater:
     @functools.cached_property
     def filename(self):
         """Filename of the executable"""
-        return compat_realpath(_get_variant_and_executable_path()[1])
+        return os.path.realpath(_get_variant_and_executable_path()[1])
 
     @functools.cached_property
     def cmd(self):
@@ -574,62 +559,14 @@ class Updater:
             f'Unable to {action}{delim} visit  '
             f'https://github.com/{self.requested_repo}/releases/{path}', True)
 
-    # XXX: Everything below this line in this class is deprecated / for compat only
-    @property
-    def _target_tag(self):
-        """Deprecated; requested tag with 'tags/' prepended when necessary for API calls"""
-        return f'tags/{self.requested_tag}' if self.requested_tag != 'latest' else self.requested_tag
-
-    def _check_update(self):
-        """Deprecated; report whether there is an update available"""
-        return bool(self.query_update(_output=True))
-
-    def __getattr__(self, attribute: str):
-        """Compat getter function for deprecated attributes"""
-        deprecated_props_map = {
-            'check_update': '_check_update',
-            'target_tag': '_target_tag',
-            'target_channel': 'requested_channel',
-        }
-        update_info_props_map = {
-            'has_update': '_has_update',
-            'new_version': 'version',
-            'latest_version': 'requested_version',
-            'release_name': 'binary_name',
-            'release_hash': 'checksum',
-        }
-
-        if attribute not in deprecated_props_map and attribute not in update_info_props_map:
-            raise AttributeError(f'{type(self).__name__!r} object has no attribute {attribute!r}')
-
-        msg = f'{type(self).__name__}.{attribute} is deprecated and will be removed in a future version'
-        if attribute in deprecated_props_map:
-            source_name = deprecated_props_map[attribute]
-            if not source_name.startswith('_'):
-                msg += f'. Please use {source_name!r} instead'
-            source = self
-            mapping = deprecated_props_map
-
-        else:  # attribute in update_info_props_map
-            msg += '. Please call query_update() instead'
-            source = self.query_update()
-            if source is None:
-                source = UpdateInfo('', None, None, None)
-                source._has_update = False
-            mapping = update_info_props_map
-
-        deprecation_warning(msg)
-        for target_name, source_name in mapping.items():
-            value = getattr(source, source_name)
-            setattr(self, target_name, value)
-
-        return getattr(self, attribute)
-
 
 def run_update(ydl):
     """Update the program file with the latest version from the repository
     @returns    Whether there was a successful update (No update = False)
     """
+    deprecation_warning(
+        '"yt_dlp.update.run_update(ydl)" is deprecated and may be removed in a future version. '
+        'Use "yt_dlp.update.Updater(ydl).update()" instead')
     return Updater(ydl).update()
 
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/utils/_deprecated.py b/yt_dlp/utils/_deprecated.py
index a8ae8ecb5d..e4762699b7 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/utils/_deprecated.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/utils/_deprecated.py
@@ -9,31 +9,23 @@ passthrough_module(__name__, '.._legacy', callback=lambda attr: warnings.warn(
 del passthrough_module
 
 
-from ._utils import preferredencoding
+import re
+import struct
 
 
-def encodeFilename(s, for_subprocess=False):
-    assert isinstance(s, str)
-    return s
+def bytes_to_intlist(bs):
+    if not bs:
+        return []
+    if isinstance(bs[0], int):  # Python 3
+        return list(bs)
+    else:
+        return [ord(c) for c in bs]
 
 
-def decodeFilename(b, for_subprocess=False):
-    return b
+def intlist_to_bytes(xs):
+    if not xs:
+        return b''
+    return struct.pack('%dB' % len(xs), *xs)
 
 
-def decodeArgument(b):
-    return b
-
-
-def decodeOption(optval):
-    if optval is None:
-        return optval
-    if isinstance(optval, bytes):
-        optval = optval.decode(preferredencoding())
-
-    assert isinstance(optval, str)
-    return optval
-
-
-def error_to_compat_str(err):
-    return str(err)
+compiled_regex_type = type(re.compile(''))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/utils/_legacy.py b/yt_dlp/utils/_legacy.py
index 356e580226..d65b135d9d 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/utils/_legacy.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/utils/_legacy.py
@@ -313,3 +313,30 @@ def make_HTTPS_handler(params, **kwargs):
 
 def process_communicate_or_kill(p, *args, **kwargs):
     return Popen.communicate_or_kill(p, *args, **kwargs)
+
+
+def encodeFilename(s, for_subprocess=False):
+    assert isinstance(s, str)
+    return s
+
+
+def decodeFilename(b, for_subprocess=False):
+    return b
+
+
+def decodeArgument(b):
+    return b
+
+
+def decodeOption(optval):
+    if optval is None:
+        return optval
+    if isinstance(optval, bytes):
+        optval = optval.decode(preferredencoding())
+
+    assert isinstance(optval, str)
+    return optval
+
+
+def error_to_compat_str(err):
+    return str(err)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/utils/_utils.py b/yt_dlp/utils/_utils.py
index ea748898f2..699bf1e7f6 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/utils/_utils.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/utils/_utils.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import datetime as dt
 import email.header
 import email.utils
 import errno
+import functools
 import hashlib
 import hmac
 import html.entities
@@ -44,20 +45,15 @@ import xml.etree.ElementTree
 
 from . import traversal
 
-from ..compat import functools  # isort: split
 from ..compat import (
     compat_etree_fromstring,
     compat_expanduser,
     compat_HTMLParseError,
-    compat_os_name,
 )
 from ..dependencies import xattr
 
 __name__ = __name__.rsplit('.', 1)[0]  # noqa: A001: Pretend to be the parent module
 
-# This is not clearly defined otherwise
-compiled_regex_type = type(re.compile(''))
-
 
 class NO_DEFAULT:
     pass
@@ -212,6 +208,23 @@ def write_json_file(obj, fn):
         raise
 
 
+def partial_application(func):
+    sig = inspect.signature(func)
+    required_args = [
+        param.name for param in sig.parameters.values()
+        if param.kind in (inspect.Parameter.POSITIONAL_ONLY, inspect.Parameter.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD)
+        if param.default is inspect.Parameter.empty
+    ]
+
+    @functools.wraps(func)
+    def wrapped(*args, **kwargs):
+        if set(required_args[len(args):]).difference(kwargs):
+            return functools.partial(func, *args, **kwargs)
+        return func(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    return wrapped
+
+
 def find_xpath_attr(node, xpath, key, val=None):
     """ Find the xpath xpath[@key=val] """
     assert re.match(r'^[a-zA-Z_-]+$', key)
@@ -857,7 +870,7 @@ class Popen(subprocess.Popen):
             kwargs.setdefault('encoding', 'utf-8')
             kwargs.setdefault('errors', 'replace')
 
-        if shell and compat_os_name == 'nt' and kwargs.get('executable') is None:
+        if shell and os.name == 'nt' and kwargs.get('executable') is None:
             if not isinstance(args, str):
                 args = shell_quote(args, shell=True)
             shell = False
@@ -1192,6 +1205,7 @@ def extract_timezone(date_str, default=None):
     return timezone, date_str
 
 
+@partial_application
 def parse_iso8601(date_str, delimiter='T', timezone=None):
     """ Return a UNIX timestamp from the given date """
 
@@ -1269,6 +1283,7 @@ def unified_timestamp(date_str, day_first=True):
         return calendar.timegm(timetuple) + pm_delta * 3600 - timezone.total_seconds()
 
 
+@partial_application
 def determine_ext(url, default_ext='unknown_video'):
     if url is None or '.' not in url:
         return default_ext
@@ -1438,7 +1453,7 @@ def system_identifier():
 @functools.cache
 def get_windows_version():
     """ Get Windows version. returns () if it's not running on Windows """
-    if compat_os_name == 'nt':
+    if os.name == 'nt':
         return version_tuple(platform.win32_ver()[1])
     else:
         return ()
@@ -1451,7 +1466,7 @@ def write_string(s, out=None, encoding=None):
     if not out:
         return
 
-    if compat_os_name == 'nt' and supports_terminal_sequences(out):
+    if os.name == 'nt' and supports_terminal_sequences(out):
         s = re.sub(r'([\r\n]+)', r' \1', s)
 
     enc, buffer = None, out
@@ -1484,21 +1499,6 @@ def deprecation_warning(msg, *, printer=None, stacklevel=0, **kwargs):
 deprecation_warning._cache = set()
 
 
-def bytes_to_intlist(bs):
-    if not bs:
-        return []
-    if isinstance(bs[0], int):  # Python 3
-        return list(bs)
-    else:
-        return [ord(c) for c in bs]
-
-
-def intlist_to_bytes(xs):
-    if not xs:
-        return b''
-    return struct.pack('%dB' % len(xs), *xs)
-
-
 class LockingUnsupportedError(OSError):
     msg = 'File locking is not supported'
 
@@ -1682,7 +1682,7 @@ _CMD_QUOTE_TRANS = str.maketrans({
 def shell_quote(args, *, shell=False):
     args = list(variadic(args))
 
-    if compat_os_name != 'nt':
+    if os.name != 'nt':
         return shlex.join(args)
 
     trans = _CMD_QUOTE_TRANS if shell else _WINDOWS_QUOTE_TRANS
@@ -1944,7 +1944,7 @@ def remove_start(s, start):
 
 
 def remove_end(s, end):
-    return s[:-len(end)] if s is not None and s.endswith(end) else s
+    return s[:-len(end)] if s is not None and end and s.endswith(end) else s
 
 
 def remove_quotes(s):
@@ -1973,6 +1973,7 @@ def base_url(url):
     return re.match(r'https?://[^?#]+/', url).group()
 
 
+@partial_application
 def urljoin(base, path):
     if isinstance(path, bytes):
         path = path.decode()
@@ -1988,21 +1989,6 @@ def urljoin(base, path):
     return urllib.parse.urljoin(base, path)
 
 
-def partial_application(func):
-    sig = inspect.signature(func)
-
-    @functools.wraps(func)
-    def wrapped(*args, **kwargs):
-        try:
-            sig.bind(*args, **kwargs)
-        except TypeError:
-            return functools.partial(func, *args, **kwargs)
-        else:
-            return func(*args, **kwargs)
-
-    return wrapped
-
-
 @partial_application
 def int_or_none(v, scale=1, default=None, get_attr=None, invscale=1, base=None):
     if get_attr and v is not None:
@@ -2583,6 +2569,7 @@ def urlencode_postdata(*args, **kargs):
     return urllib.parse.urlencode(*args, **kargs).encode('ascii')
 
 
+@partial_application
 def update_url(url, *, query_update=None, **kwargs):
     """Replace URL components specified by kwargs
        @param url           str or parse url tuple
@@ -2603,6 +2590,7 @@ def update_url(url, *, query_update=None, **kwargs):
     return urllib.parse.urlunparse(url._replace(**kwargs))
 
 
+@partial_application
 def update_url_query(url, query):
     return update_url(url, query_update=query)
 
@@ -2695,8 +2683,8 @@ def merge_dicts(*dicts):
     merged = {}
     for a_dict in dicts:
         for k, v in a_dict.items():
-            if (v is not None and k not in merged
-                    or isinstance(v, str) and merged[k] == ''):
+            if ((v is not None and k not in merged)
+                    or (isinstance(v, str) and merged[k] == '')):
                 merged[k] = v
     return merged
 
@@ -2924,6 +2912,7 @@ def error_to_str(err):
     return f'{type(err).__name__}: {err}'
 
 
+@partial_application
 def mimetype2ext(mt, default=NO_DEFAULT):
     if not isinstance(mt, str):
         if default is not NO_DEFAULT:
@@ -4508,7 +4497,7 @@ def urshift(val, n):
 def write_xattr(path, key, value):
     # Windows: Write xattrs to NTFS Alternate Data Streams:
     # http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTFS#Alternate_data_streams_.28ADS.29
-    if compat_os_name == 'nt':
+    if os.name == 'nt':
         assert ':' not in key
         assert os.path.exists(path)
 
@@ -4664,6 +4653,7 @@ def to_high_limit_path(path):
     return path
 
 
+@partial_application
 def format_field(obj, field=None, template='%s', ignore=NO_DEFAULT, default='', func=IDENTITY):
     val = traversal.traverse_obj(obj, *variadic(field))
     if not val if ignore is NO_DEFAULT else val in variadic(ignore):
@@ -4769,12 +4759,12 @@ def jwt_decode_hs256(jwt):
     return json.loads(base64.urlsafe_b64decode(f'{payload_b64}==='))
 
 
-WINDOWS_VT_MODE = False if compat_os_name == 'nt' else None
+WINDOWS_VT_MODE = False if os.name == 'nt' else None
 
 
 @functools.cache
 def supports_terminal_sequences(stream):
-    if compat_os_name == 'nt':
+    if os.name == 'nt':
         if not WINDOWS_VT_MODE:
             return False
     elif not os.getenv('TERM'):
@@ -4868,7 +4858,7 @@ def parse_http_range(range):
 
 def read_stdin(what):
     if what:
-        eof = 'Ctrl+Z' if compat_os_name == 'nt' else 'Ctrl+D'
+        eof = 'Ctrl+Z' if os.name == 'nt' else 'Ctrl+D'
         write_string(f'Reading {what} from STDIN - EOF ({eof}) to end:\n')
     return sys.stdin
 
@@ -5132,6 +5122,7 @@ class _UnsafeExtensionError(Exception):
         'rm',
         'swf',
         'ts',
+        'vid',
         'vob',
         'vp9',
 
@@ -5164,7 +5155,9 @@ class _UnsafeExtensionError(Exception):
         'heic',
         'ico',
         'image',
+        'jfif',
         'jng',
+        'jpe',
         'jpeg',
         'jxl',
         'svg',
@@ -5277,11 +5270,13 @@ class RetryManager:
             time.sleep(delay)
 
 
+@partial_application
 def make_archive_id(ie, video_id):
     ie_key = ie if isinstance(ie, str) else ie.ie_key()
     return f'{ie_key.lower()} {video_id}'
 
 
+@partial_application
 def truncate_string(s, left, right=0):
     assert left > 3 and right >= 0
     if s is None or len(s) <= left + right:
@@ -5324,8 +5319,11 @@ class FormatSorter:
     regex = r' *((?P<reverse>\+)?(?P<field>[a-zA-Z0-9_]+)((?P<separator>[~:])(?P<limit>.*?))?)? *$'
 
     default = ('hidden', 'aud_or_vid', 'hasvid', 'ie_pref', 'lang', 'quality',
-               'res', 'fps', 'hdr:12', 'vcodec:vp9.2', 'channels', 'acodec',
+               'res', 'fps', 'hdr:12', 'vcodec', 'channels', 'acodec',
                'size', 'br', 'asr', 'proto', 'ext', 'hasaud', 'source', 'id')  # These must not be aliases
+    _prefer_vp9_sort = ('hidden', 'aud_or_vid', 'hasvid', 'ie_pref', 'lang', 'quality',
+                        'res', 'fps', 'hdr:12', 'vcodec:vp9.2', 'channels', 'acodec',
+                        'size', 'br', 'asr', 'proto', 'ext', 'hasaud', 'source', 'id')
     ytdl_default = ('hasaud', 'lang', 'quality', 'tbr', 'filesize', 'vbr',
                     'height', 'width', 'proto', 'vext', 'abr', 'aext',
                     'fps', 'fs_approx', 'source', 'id')
@@ -5578,14 +5576,15 @@ class FormatSorter:
             value = get_value(field)
         return self._calculate_field_preference_from_value(format_, field, type_, value)
 
-    def calculate_preference(self, format):
+    @staticmethod
+    def _fill_sorting_fields(format):
         # Determine missing protocol
         if not format.get('protocol'):
             format['protocol'] = determine_protocol(format)
 
         # Determine missing ext
         if not format.get('ext') and 'url' in format:
-            format['ext'] = determine_ext(format['url'])
+            format['ext'] = determine_ext(format['url']).lower()
         if format.get('vcodec') == 'none':
             format['audio_ext'] = format['ext'] if format.get('acodec') != 'none' else 'none'
             format['video_ext'] = 'none'
@@ -5613,6 +5612,8 @@ class FormatSorter:
         if not format.get('tbr'):
             format['tbr'] = try_call(lambda: format['vbr'] + format['abr']) or None
 
+    def calculate_preference(self, format):
+        self._fill_sorting_fields(format)
         return tuple(self._calculate_field_preference(format, field) for field in self._order)
 
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/utils/traversal.py b/yt_dlp/utils/traversal.py
index df3ff406f5..76b51f53d1 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/utils/traversal.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/utils/traversal.py
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ from ._utils import (
     get_elements_html_by_class,
     get_elements_html_by_attribute,
     get_elements_by_attribute,
+    get_element_by_class,
     get_element_html_by_attribute,
     get_element_by_attribute,
     get_element_html_by_id,
@@ -331,14 +332,14 @@ class _RequiredError(ExtractorError):
 
 
 @typing.overload
-def subs_list_to_dict(*, ext: str | None = None) -> collections.abc.Callable[[list[dict]], dict[str, list[dict]]]: ...
+def subs_list_to_dict(*, lang: str | None = 'und', ext: str | None = None) -> collections.abc.Callable[[list[dict]], dict[str, list[dict]]]: ...
 
 
 @typing.overload
-def subs_list_to_dict(subs: list[dict] | None, /, *, ext: str | None = None) -> dict[str, list[dict]]: ...
+def subs_list_to_dict(subs: list[dict] | None, /, *, lang: str | None = 'und', ext: str | None = None) -> dict[str, list[dict]]: ...
 
 
-def subs_list_to_dict(subs: list[dict] | None = None, /, *, ext=None):
+def subs_list_to_dict(subs: list[dict] | None = None, /, *, lang='und', ext=None):
     """
     Convert subtitles from a traversal into a subtitle dict.
     The path should have an `all` immediately before this function.
@@ -351,7 +352,7 @@ def subs_list_to_dict(subs: list[dict] | None = None, /, *, ext=None):
     `quality`  The sort order for each subtitle
     """
     if subs is None:
-        return functools.partial(subs_list_to_dict, ext=ext)
+        return functools.partial(subs_list_to_dict, lang=lang, ext=ext)
 
     result = collections.defaultdict(list)
 
@@ -359,10 +360,16 @@ def subs_list_to_dict(subs: list[dict] | None = None, /, *, ext=None):
         if not url_or_none(sub.get('url')) and not sub.get('data'):
             continue
         sub_id = sub.pop('id', None)
-        if sub_id is None:
-            continue
-        if ext is not None and not sub.get('ext'):
-            sub['ext'] = ext
+        if not isinstance(sub_id, str):
+            if not lang:
+                continue
+            sub_id = lang
+        sub_ext = sub.get('ext')
+        if not isinstance(sub_ext, str):
+            if not ext:
+                sub.pop('ext', None)
+            else:
+                sub['ext'] = ext
         result[sub_id].append(sub)
     result = dict(result)
 
@@ -373,7 +380,7 @@ def subs_list_to_dict(subs: list[dict] | None = None, /, *, ext=None):
 
 
 @typing.overload
-def find_element(*, attr: str, value: str, tag: str | None = None, html=False): ...
+def find_element(*, attr: str, value: str, tag: str | None = None, html=False, regex=False): ...
 
 
 @typing.overload
@@ -381,34 +388,34 @@ def find_element(*, cls: str, html=False): ...
 
 
 @typing.overload
-def find_element(*, id: str, tag: str | None = None, html=False): ...
+def find_element(*, id: str, tag: str | None = None, html=False, regex=False): ...
 
 
 @typing.overload
-def find_element(*, tag: str, html=False): ...
+def find_element(*, tag: str, html=False, regex=False): ...
 
 
-def find_element(*, tag=None, id=None, cls=None, attr=None, value=None, html=False):
+def find_element(*, tag=None, id=None, cls=None, attr=None, value=None, html=False, regex=False):
     # deliberately using `id=` and `cls=` for ease of readability
     assert tag or id or cls or (attr and value), 'One of tag, id, cls or (attr AND value) is required'
-    if not tag:
-        tag = r'[\w:.-]+'
+    ANY_TAG = r'[\w:.-]+'
 
     if attr and value:
         assert not cls, 'Cannot match both attr and cls'
         assert not id, 'Cannot match both attr and id'
         func = get_element_html_by_attribute if html else get_element_by_attribute
-        return functools.partial(func, attr, value, tag=tag)
+        return functools.partial(func, attr, value, tag=tag or ANY_TAG, escape_value=not regex)
 
     elif cls:
         assert not id, 'Cannot match both cls and id'
         assert tag is None, 'Cannot match both cls and tag'
-        func = get_element_html_by_class if html else get_elements_by_class
+        assert not regex, 'Cannot use regex with cls'
+        func = get_element_html_by_class if html else get_element_by_class
         return functools.partial(func, cls)
 
     elif id:
         func = get_element_html_by_id if html else get_element_by_id
-        return functools.partial(func, id, tag=tag)
+        return functools.partial(func, id, tag=tag or ANY_TAG, escape_value=not regex)
 
     index = int(bool(html))
     return lambda html: get_element_text_and_html_by_tag(tag, html)[index]
@@ -419,23 +426,46 @@ def find_elements(*, cls: str, html=False): ...
 
 
 @typing.overload
-def find_elements(*, attr: str, value: str, tag: str | None = None, html=False): ...
+def find_elements(*, attr: str, value: str, tag: str | None = None, html=False, regex=False): ...
 
 
-def find_elements(*, tag=None, cls=None, attr=None, value=None, html=False):
+def find_elements(*, tag=None, cls=None, attr=None, value=None, html=False, regex=False):
     # deliberately using `cls=` for ease of readability
     assert cls or (attr and value), 'One of cls or (attr AND value) is required'
 
     if attr and value:
         assert not cls, 'Cannot match both attr and cls'
         func = get_elements_html_by_attribute if html else get_elements_by_attribute
-        return functools.partial(func, attr, value, tag=tag or r'[\w:.-]+')
+        return functools.partial(func, attr, value, tag=tag or r'[\w:.-]+', escape_value=not regex)
 
     assert not tag, 'Cannot match both cls and tag'
+    assert not regex, 'Cannot use regex with cls'
     func = get_elements_html_by_class if html else get_elements_by_class
     return functools.partial(func, cls)
 
 
+def trim_str(*, start=None, end=None):
+    def trim(s):
+        if s is None:
+            return None
+        start_idx = 0
+        if start and s.startswith(start):
+            start_idx = len(start)
+        if end and s.endswith(end):
+            return s[start_idx:-len(end)]
+        return s[start_idx:]
+
+    return trim
+
+
+def unpack(func, **kwargs):
+    @functools.wraps(func)
+    def inner(items):
+        return func(*items, **kwargs)
+
+    return inner
+
+
 def get_first(obj, *paths, **kwargs):
     return traverse_obj(obj, *((..., *variadic(keys)) for keys in paths), **kwargs, get_all=False)
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/version.py b/yt_dlp/version.py
index 17d7881845..f4b9400bc5 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/version.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/version.py
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 # Autogenerated by devscripts/update-version.py
 
-__version__ = '2024.10.22'
+__version__ = '2024.11.18'
 
-RELEASE_GIT_HEAD = '67adeb7bab00662ba55d473e405b301abb42fe61'
+RELEASE_GIT_HEAD = '7ea2787920cccc6b8ea30791993d114fbd564434'
 
 VARIANT = None
 
@@ -12,4 +12,4 @@ CHANNEL = 'stable'
 
 ORIGIN = 'yt-dlp/yt-dlp'
 
-_pkg_version = '2024.10.22'
+_pkg_version = '2024.11.18'