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Mon Apr 25 13:37:00 UTC 2011 Slackware 13.37 x86_64 stable is released! Thanks to everyone who pitched in on this release: the Slackware team, the folks producing upstream code, and linuxquestions.org for providing a great forum for collaboration and testing. The ISOs are off to be replicated, a 6 CD-ROM 32-bit set and a dual-sided 32-bit/64-bit x86/x86_64 DVD. Please consider supporting the Slackware project by picking up a copy from store.slackware.com. We're taking pre-orders now, and offer a discount if you sign up for a subscription. As always, thanks to the Slackware community for testing, suggestions, and feedback. :-) Have fun!
144 lines
5.7 KiB
HTML
144 lines
5.7 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
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"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
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<head>
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<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
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<title>Pagers: more, less, and most</title>
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<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" />
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<link rel="HOME" title="Slackware Linux Essentials" href="index.html" />
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<link rel="UP" title="Handling Files and Directories" href="file-commands.html" />
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<link rel="PREVIOUS" title="Handling Files and Directories" href="file-commands.html" />
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<link rel="NEXT" title="Simple Output: cat and echo" href="file-commands-output.html" />
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<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
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</head>
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<body class="SECT1" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
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alink="#0000FF">
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<div class="NAVHEADER">
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<table summary="Header navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0"
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cellspacing="0">
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<tr>
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<th colspan="3" align="center">Slackware Linux Essentials</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td width="10%" align="left" valign="bottom"><a href="file-commands.html"
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accesskey="P">Prev</a></td>
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<td width="80%" align="center" valign="bottom">Chapter 10 Handling Files and
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Directories</td>
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<td width="10%" align="right" valign="bottom"><a href="file-commands-output.html"
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accesskey="N">Next</a></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<hr align="LEFT" width="100%" />
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</div>
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<div class="SECT1">
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<h1 class="SECT1"><a id="FILE-COMMANDS-PAGERS" name="FILE-COMMANDS-PAGERS">10.2 Pagers:
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<tt class="COMMAND">more</tt>, <tt class="COMMAND">less</tt>, and <tt
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class="COMMAND">most</tt></a></h1>
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<div class="SECT2">
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<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN3491" name="AEN3491">10.2.1 <tt
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class="COMMAND">more</tt></a></h2>
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<p><tt class="COMMAND">more</tt>(1) is what we call a pager utility. Oftentimes the
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output of a particular command is too big to fit on one screen. The individual commands
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do not know how to fit their output to separate screens. They leave this job to the pager
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utility.</p>
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<p>The <tt class="COMMAND">more</tt> command breaks the output into individual screens
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and waits for you to press the space bar before continuing on to the next screen.
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Pressing the enter key will advance the output one line. Here is a good example:</p>
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<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
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<tr>
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<td>
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<pre class="SCREEN">
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<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /usr/bin</kbd>
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<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">ls -l</kbd>
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</pre>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p>That should scroll for a while. To break up the output screen by screen, just pipe it
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through more:</p>
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<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
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<tr>
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<td>
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<pre class="SCREEN">
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<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">ls -l | more</kbd>
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</pre>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p>That is the pipe character (shift backslash). The pipe is short for saying take the
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output of <tt class="COMMAND">ls</tt> and feed it into <tt class="COMMAND">more</tt>. You
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can pipe just about anything through the <tt class="COMMAND">more</tt> command, not just
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<tt class="COMMAND">ls</tt>. Piping is also covered in <a
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href="shell-command-line.html#SHELL-COMMAND-LINE-PIPING">Section 8.2.3</a>.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="SECT2">
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<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN3518" name="AEN3518">10.2.2 <tt
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class="COMMAND">less</tt></a></h2>
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<p>The <tt class="COMMAND">more</tt> command is quite handy, but often you will find that
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you have advanced past the screen you wanted. more does not provide a way to go back. The
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<tt class="COMMAND">less</tt>(1) command provides this functionality. It is used in the
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same way as the <tt class="COMMAND">more</tt> command, so the previous examples apply
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here too. So, <tt class="COMMAND">less</tt> is more than <tt class="COMMAND">more</tt>.
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Joost Kremers puts it this way:</p>
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<a id="AEN3530" name="AEN3530"></a>
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<blockquote class="BLOCKQUOTE">
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<p><tt class="COMMAND">less</tt> is more, but more <tt class="COMMAND">more</tt> than <tt
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class="COMMAND">more</tt> is, so <tt class="COMMAND">more</tt> is less <tt
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class="COMMAND">less</tt>, so use more <tt class="COMMAND">less</tt> if you want less <tt
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class="COMMAND">more</tt>.</p>
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</blockquote>
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</div>
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<div class="SECT2">
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<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN3539" name="AEN3539">10.2.3 <tt
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class="COMMAND">most</tt></a></h2>
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<p>Where <tt class="COMMAND">more</tt> and <tt class="COMMAND">less</tt> leave off, <tt
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class="COMMAND">most</tt>(1) picks back up. If <tt class="COMMAND">less</tt> is more than
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<tt class="COMMAND">more</tt>, <tt class="COMMAND">most</tt> is more than <tt
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class="COMMAND">less</tt>. Whereas the other pagers can only display one file at a time,
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<tt class="COMMAND">most</tt> is capable of viewing any number of files, as long as each
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file's window is at least 2 lines long. <tt class="COMMAND">most</tt> has a lot of
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options, check the man page for full details.</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="NAVFOOTER">
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<hr align="LEFT" width="100%" />
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<table summary="Footer navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0"
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cellspacing="0">
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<tr>
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<td width="33%" align="left" valign="top"><a href="file-commands.html"
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accesskey="P">Prev</a></td>
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<td width="34%" align="center" valign="top"><a href="index.html"
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accesskey="H">Home</a></td>
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<td width="33%" align="right" valign="top"><a href="file-commands-output.html"
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accesskey="N">Next</a></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td width="33%" align="left" valign="top">Handling Files and Directories</td>
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<td width="34%" align="center" valign="top"><a href="file-commands.html"
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accesskey="U">Up</a></td>
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<td width="33%" align="right" valign="top">Simple Output: <tt class="COMMAND">cat</tt>
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and <tt class="COMMAND">echo</tt></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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