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Mon Apr 25 13:37:00 UTC 2011 Slackware 13.37 x86_64 stable is released! Thanks to everyone who pitched in on this release: the Slackware team, the folks producing upstream code, and linuxquestions.org for providing a great forum for collaboration and testing. The ISOs are off to be replicated, a 6 CD-ROM 32-bit set and a dual-sided 32-bit/64-bit x86/x86_64 DVD. Please consider supporting the Slackware project by picking up a copy from store.slackware.com. We're taking pre-orders now, and offer a discount if you sign up for a subscription. As always, thanks to the Slackware community for testing, suggestions, and feedback. :-) Have fun!
210 lines
9.4 KiB
HTML
210 lines
9.4 KiB
HTML
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<head>
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<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
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<title>X Configuration</title>
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alink="#0000FF">
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<div class="NAVHEADER">
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<table summary="Header navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0"
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cellspacing="0">
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<tr>
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<th colspan="3" align="center">Slackware Linux Essentials</th>
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<tr>
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<td width="10%" align="left" valign="bottom"><a href="network-configuration-nfs.html"
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accesskey="P">Prev</a></td>
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<td width="80%" align="center" valign="bottom"></td>
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</div>
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<div class="CHAPTER">
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<h1><a id="X-WINDOW-SYSTEM" name="X-WINDOW-SYSTEM"></a>Chapter 6 X Configuration</h1>
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<div class="TOC">
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<dl>
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<dt><b>Table of Contents</b></dt>
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<dt>6.1 <a href="x-window-system.html#X-WINDOW-SYSTEM-XORGCONFIG"><tt
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class="COMMAND">xorgconfig</tt></a></dt>
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<dt>6.2 <a href="x-window-system-xorgsetup.html"><tt
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class="COMMAND">xorgsetup</tt></a></dt>
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<dt>6.3 <a href="x-window-system-xinitrc.html">xinitrc</a></dt>
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<dt>6.4 <a href="x-window-system-xwmconfig.html"><tt
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class="COMMAND">xwmconfig</tt></a></dt>
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<dt>6.5 <a href="x-window-system-xdm.html"><tt class="COMMAND">xdm</tt></a></dt>
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</dl>
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</div>
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<p>Starting with Slackware-10.0, the X Window environment in Slackware is provided by
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Xorg. X is responsible for providing a graphical user interface. It is independent from
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the operating system, unlike Windows or the MacOS.</p>
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<p>The X Window System is implemented through many programs that run in userland. The two
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main components are the server and the window manager. The server provides the lowlevel
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functions for interacting with your video hardware, thus it is system specific. The
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window manager sits on top of the server and provides the user interface. The advantage
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to this is you can have many different graphical interfaces by simply changing the window
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manager you use.</p>
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<p>Configuring X can be a complex task. The reason for this is the vast numbers of video
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cards available for the PC architecture, most of which use different programming
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interfaces. Luckily, most cards today support basic video standards known as VESA, and if
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your card is among them you'll be able to start X using the <tt
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class="COMMAND">startx</tt> command right out of the box.</p>
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<p>If this doesn't work with your card, or if you'd like to take advantage of the
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high-performance features of your video card such as hardware acceleration or 3-D
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hardware rendering, then you'll need to reconfigure X.</p>
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<p>To configure X, you'll need to make an <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/X11/xorg.conf</tt>
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file. This file contains lots of details about your video hardware, mouse, and monitor.
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It's a very complex configuration file, but fortunately there are several programs to
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help create one for you. We'll mention a few of them here.</p>
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<div class="SECT1">
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<h1 class="SECT1"><a id="X-WINDOW-SYSTEM-XORGCONFIG"
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name="X-WINDOW-SYSTEM-XORGCONFIG">6.1 <tt class="COMMAND">xorgconfig</tt></a></h1>
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<p>This is a simple menu driven frontend that's similar in feel to the Slackware
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installer. It simply tells the X server to take a look at the card, and then set up the
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best initial configuration file it can make based on the information it gathers. The
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generated <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/X11/xorg.conf</tt> file should be a good starting
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point for most systems (and should work without modification).</p>
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<p>This is a text-based X configuration program that's designed for the advanced system
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administrator. Here's a sample walkthrough using <tt class="COMMAND">xorgconfig</tt>.
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First, start the program:</p>
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<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
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<tr>
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<td>
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<pre class="SCREEN">
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<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">xorgconfig</kbd>
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</pre>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p>This will present a screenful of information about <tt
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class="COMMAND">xorgconfig</tt>. To continue, press <kbd class="USERINPUT">ENTER</kbd>.
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<tt class="COMMAND">xorgconfig</tt> will ask you to verify you have set your <tt
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class="ENVAR">PATH</tt> correctly. It should be fine, so go ahead and hit <kbd
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class="USERINPUT">ENTER</kbd>.</p>
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<div class="FIGURE"><a id="X-WINDOW-SYSTEM-1" name="X-WINDOW-SYSTEM-1"></a>
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<p><b>Figure 6-1. <tt class="COMMAND">xorgconfig</tt> Mouse Configuration</b></p>
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<p><img src="x-window-system/xorgconfig1-w.png" /></p>
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</div>
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<p>Select your mouse from the menu presented. If you don't see your serial mouse listed,
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pick the Microsoft protocol -- it's the most common and will probably work. Next <tt
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class="COMMAND">xorgconfig</tt> will ask you about using <var
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class="OPTION">ChordMiddle</var> and <var class="OPTION">Emulate3Buttons</var>. You'll
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see these options described in detail on the screen. Use them if the middle button on
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your mouse doesn't work under X, or if your mouse only has two buttons (<var
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class="OPTION">Emulate3Buttons</var> lets you simulate the middle button by pressing both
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buttons simultaneously). Then, enter the name of your mouse device. The default choice,
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<tt class="FILENAME">/dev/mouse</tt>, should work since the link was configured during
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Slackware setup. If you're running GPM (the Linux mouse server) in repeater mode, you can
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set your mouse type to <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/gpmdata</tt> to have X get information
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about the mouse through <tt class="COMMAND">gpm</tt>. In some cases (with busmice
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especially) this can work better, but most users shouldn't do this.</p>
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<p><tt class="COMMAND">xorgconfig</tt> will ask you about enabling special key bindings.
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If you need this say “<kbd class="USERINPUT">y</kbd>”. Most users can say
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“<kbd class="USERINPUT">n</kbd>” -- enter this if you're not sure.</p>
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<div class="FIGURE"><a id="X-WINDOW-SYSTEM-2" name="X-WINDOW-SYSTEM-2"></a>
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<p><b>Figure 6-2. <tt class="COMMAND">xorgconfig</tt> Horizontal Sync</b></p>
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<p><img src="x-window-system/xorgconfig2-w.png" /></p>
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</div>
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<p>In the next section you enter the sync range for your monitor. To start configuring
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your monitor, press <kbd class="USERINPUT">ENTER</kbd>. You will see a list of monitor
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types -- choose one of them. Be careful not to exceed the specifications of your monitor.
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Doing so could damage your hardware.</p>
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<div class="FIGURE"><a id="X-WINDOW-SYSTEM-3" name="X-WINDOW-SYSTEM-3"></a>
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<p><b>Figure 6-3. <tt class="COMMAND">xorgconfig</tt> Vertical Sync</b></p>
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<p><img src="x-window-system/xorgconfig3-w.png" /></p>
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</div>
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<p>Specify the vertical sync range for your monitor (you should find this in the manual
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for the monitor). xorgconfig will ask you to enter strings to identify the monitor type
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in the <tt class="FILENAME">xorg.conf</tt> file. Enter anything you like on these 3 lines
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(including nothing at all).</p>
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<div class="FIGURE"><a id="X-WINDOW-SYSTEM-4" name="X-WINDOW-SYSTEM-4"></a>
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<p><b>Figure 6-4. <tt class="COMMAND">xorgconfig</tt> Video Card</b></p>
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<p><img src="x-window-system/xorgconfig4-w.png" /></p>
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</div>
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<p>Now you have the opportunity to look at the database of video card types. You'll want
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to do this, so say “<kbd class="USERINPUT">y</kbd>”, and select a card from
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the list shown. If you don't see your exact card, try selecting one that uses the same
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chipset and it will probably work fine.</p>
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<p>Next, tell <tt class="COMMAND">xorgconfig</tt> how much RAM you have on your video
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card. <tt class="COMMAND">xorgconfig</tt> will want you to enter some more descriptive
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text about your video card. If you like, you can enter descriptions on these three
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lines.</p>
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<p>You'll then be asked which display resolutions you want to use. Again, going with the
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provided defaults should be fine to start with. Later on, you can edit the <tt
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class="FILENAME">/etc/X11/xorg.conf</tt> file and rearrange the modes so 1024x768 (or
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whatever mode you like) is the default.</p>
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<p>At this point, the <tt class="COMMAND">xorgconfig</tt> program will ask if you'd like
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to save the current configuration file. Answer yes, and the X configuration file is
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saved, completing the setup process. You can start X now with the <tt
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class="COMMAND">startx</tt> command.</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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<hr align="LEFT" width="100%" />
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accesskey="H">Home</a></td>
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<td width="33%" align="left" valign="top">Network File Systems</td>
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<td width="34%" align="center" valign="top"> </td>
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<td width="33%" align="right" valign="top"><tt class="COMMAND">xorgsetup</tt></td>
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