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Mon Apr 25 13:37:00 UTC 2011 Slackware 13.37 x86_64 stable is released! Thanks to everyone who pitched in on this release: the Slackware team, the folks producing upstream code, and linuxquestions.org for providing a great forum for collaboration and testing. The ISOs are off to be replicated, a 6 CD-ROM 32-bit set and a dual-sided 32-bit/64-bit x86/x86_64 DVD. Please consider supporting the Slackware project by picking up a copy from store.slackware.com. We're taking pre-orders now, and offer a discount if you sign up for a subscription. As always, thanks to the Slackware community for testing, suggestions, and feedback. :-) Have fun!
138 lines
5.1 KiB
HTML
138 lines
5.1 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
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"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
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<head>
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<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
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<title>Process Control</title>
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<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" />
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</head>
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<body class="CHAPTER" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
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alink="#0000FF">
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<div class="NAVHEADER">
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<table summary="Header navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0"
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cellspacing="0">
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<tr>
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<th colspan="3" align="center">Slackware Linux Essentials</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td width="10%" align="left" valign="bottom"><a href="file-commands-link.html"
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accesskey="P">Prev</a></td>
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<td width="80%" align="center" valign="bottom"></td>
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<td width="10%" align="right" valign="bottom"><a
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<hr align="LEFT" width="100%" />
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</div>
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<div class="CHAPTER">
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<h1><a id="PROCESS-CONTROL" name="PROCESS-CONTROL"></a>Chapter 11 Process Control</h1>
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<div class="TOC">
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<dl>
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<dt><b>Table of Contents</b></dt>
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<dt>11.1 <a
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href="process-control.html#PROCESS-CONTROL-BACKGROUNDING">Backgrounding</a></dt>
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<dt>11.2 <a href="process-control-foregrounding.html">Foregrounding</a></dt>
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<dt>11.3 <a href="process-control-ps.html"><tt class="COMMAND">ps</tt></a></dt>
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<dt>11.4 <a href="process-control-kill.html"><tt class="COMMAND">kill</tt></a></dt>
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<dt>11.5 <a href="process-control-top.html"><tt class="COMMAND">top</tt></a></dt>
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</dl>
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</div>
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<p>Every program that is running is called a process. These processes range from things
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like the X Window System to system programs (daemons) that are started when the computer
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boots. Every process runs as a particular user. Processes that are started at boot time
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usually run as <tt class="USERNAME">root</tt> or <tt class="USERNAME">nobody</tt>.
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Processes that you start will run as you. Processes started as other users will run as
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those users.</p>
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<p>You have control over all the processes that you start. Additionally, <tt
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class="USERNAME">root</tt> has control over all processes on the system, including those
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started by other users. Processes can be controlled and monitored through several
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programs, as well as some shell commands.</p>
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<div class="SECT1">
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<h1 class="SECT1"><a id="PROCESS-CONTROL-BACKGROUNDING"
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name="PROCESS-CONTROL-BACKGROUNDING">11.1 Backgrounding</a></h1>
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<p>Programs started from the command line start up in the foreground. This allows you to
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see all the output of the program and interact with it. However, there are several
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occasions when you'd like the program to run without taking up your terminal. This is
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called running the program in the background, and there are a few ways to do it.</p>
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<p>The first way to background a process is by adding an ampersand to the command line
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when you start the program. For example, assume you wanted to use the command line mp3
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player <tt class="COMMAND">amp</tt> to play a directory full of mp3s, but you needed to
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do something else on the same terminal. The following command line would start up amp in
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the background:</p>
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<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
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<tr>
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<td>
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<pre class="SCREEN">
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<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">amp *.mp3 &</kbd>
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</pre>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p>The program will run as normal, and you are returned to a prompt.</p>
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<p>The other way to background a process is to do so while it is running. First, start up
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a program. While it is running, hit <b class="KEYCAP">Control</b>+<b
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class="KEYCAP">z</b>. This suspends the process. A suspended process is basically paused.
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It momentarily stops running, but can be started up again at any time. Once you have
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suspended a process, you are returned to a prompt. You can background the process by
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typing:</p>
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<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
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<tr>
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<td>
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<pre class="SCREEN">
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<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">bg</kbd>
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</pre>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p>Now the suspended process is running in the background.</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="NAVFOOTER">
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<hr align="LEFT" width="100%" />
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<tr>
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<td width="33%" align="left" valign="top"><a href="file-commands-link.html"
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accesskey="P">Prev</a></td>
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accesskey="H">Home</a></td>
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accesskey="N">Next</a></td>
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<tr>
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<td width="33%" align="left" valign="top">Aliasing files with <tt
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class="COMMAND">ln</tt></td>
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<td width="34%" align="center" valign="top"> </td>
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<td width="33%" align="right" valign="top">Foregrounding</td>
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</tr>
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