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Mon Apr 25 13:37:00 UTC 2011 Slackware 13.37 x86_64 stable is released! Thanks to everyone who pitched in on this release: the Slackware team, the folks producing upstream code, and linuxquestions.org for providing a great forum for collaboration and testing. The ISOs are off to be replicated, a 6 CD-ROM 32-bit set and a dual-sided 32-bit/64-bit x86/x86_64 DVD. Please consider supporting the Slackware project by picking up a copy from store.slackware.com. We're taking pre-orders now, and offer a discount if you sign up for a subscription. As always, thanks to the Slackware community for testing, suggestions, and feedback. :-) Have fun!
182 lines
6.8 KiB
HTML
182 lines
6.8 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
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<head>
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<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
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<title>kill</title>
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<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" />
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<link rel="HOME" title="Slackware Linux Essentials" href="index.html" />
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<link rel="UP" title="Process Control" href="process-control.html" />
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<link rel="PREVIOUS" title="ps" href="process-control-ps.html" />
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<link rel="NEXT" title="top" href="process-control-top.html" />
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</head>
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<body class="SECT1" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
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alink="#0000FF">
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<div class="NAVHEADER">
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<table summary="Header navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0"
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cellspacing="0">
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<tr>
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<th colspan="3" align="center">Slackware Linux Essentials</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td width="10%" align="left" valign="bottom"><a href="process-control-ps.html"
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accesskey="P">Prev</a></td>
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<td width="80%" align="center" valign="bottom">Chapter 11 Process Control</td>
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<td width="10%" align="right" valign="bottom"><a href="process-control-top.html"
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accesskey="N">Next</a></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<hr align="LEFT" width="100%" />
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</div>
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<div class="SECT1">
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<h1 class="SECT1"><a id="PROCESS-CONTROL-KILL" name="PROCESS-CONTROL-KILL">11.4 <tt
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class="COMMAND">kill</tt></a></h1>
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<p>On occasion, programs misbehave and you'll need to put them back in line. The program
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for this kind of administration is called <tt class="COMMAND">kill</tt>(1), and it can be
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used for manipulating processes in several ways. The most obvious use of <tt
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class="COMMAND">kill</tt> is to kill off a process. You'll need to do this if a program
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has run away and is using up lots of system resources, or if you're just sick of it
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running.</p>
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<p>In order to kill off a process, you'll need to know its PID or its name. To get the
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PID, use the <tt class="COMMAND">ps</tt> command as was discussed in the last section.
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For example, to kill off process 4747, you'd issue the following:</p>
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<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
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<tr>
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<td>
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<pre class="SCREEN">
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<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">kill 4747</kbd>
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</pre>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p>Note that you'll have to be the owner of the process in order to kill it. This is a
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security feature. If you were allowed to kill off processes started by other users, it
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would be possible to do all sorts of malicious things. Of course, <tt
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class="USERNAME">root</tt> can kill off any process on the system.</p>
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<p>There's another variety of the <tt class="COMMAND">kill</tt> command called <tt
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class="COMMAND">killall</tt>(1). This program does exactly what it says: it kills all the
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running processes that have a certain name. If you wanted to kill off all the running <tt
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class="COMMAND">vim</tt> processes, you could type the following command:</p>
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<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
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<tr>
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<td>
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<pre class="SCREEN">
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<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">killall vim</kbd>
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</pre>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p>Any and all <tt class="COMMAND">vim</tt> processes you have running will die off.
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Doing this as <tt class="USERNAME">root</tt> would kill off all the <tt
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class="COMMAND">vim</tt> processes running for all users. This brings up an interesting
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way to kick everyone (including yourself) off the system:</p>
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<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
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<tr>
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<td>
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<pre class="SCREEN">
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<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">killall bash</kbd>
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</pre>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p>Sometimes a regular kill doesn't get the job done. Certain processes will not die with
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a kill. You'll need to use a more potent form. If that pesky PID 4747 wasn't responding
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to your kill request, you could do the following:</p>
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<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
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<tr>
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<td>
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<pre class="SCREEN">
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<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">kill -9 4747</kbd>
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</pre>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p>That will almost certainly cause process 4747 to die. You can do the same thing with
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<tt class="COMMAND">killall</tt>. What this is doing is sending a different signal to the
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process. A regular <tt class="COMMAND">kill</tt> sends a <var
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class="LITERAL">SIGTERM</var> (terminate) signal to the process, which tells it to finish
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what it's doing, clean up, and exit. <tt class="COMMAND">kill -9</tt> sends a <var
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class="LITERAL">SIGKILL</var> (kill) signal to the process, which essentially drops it.
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The process is not allowed to clean-up, and sometimes bad things like data corruption
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could occur by killing something with a <var class="LITERAL">SIGKILL</var>. There's a
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whole list of signals at your disposal. You can get a listing of signals by typing the
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following:</p>
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<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
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<tr>
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<td>
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<pre class="SCREEN">
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<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">kill -l</kbd>
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1) SIGHUP 2) SIGINT 3) SIGQUIT 4) SIGILL
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5) SIGTRAP 6) SIGABRT 7) SIGBUS 8) SIGFPE
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9) SIGKILL 10) SIGUSR1 11) SIGSEGV 12) SIGUSR2
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13) SIGPIPE 14) SIGALRM 15) SIGTERM 17) SIGCHLD
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18) SIGCONT 19) SIGSTOP 20) SIGTSTP 21) SIGTTIN
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22) SIGTTOU 23) SIGURG 24) SIGXCPU 25) SIGXFSZ
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26) SIGVTALRM 27) SIGPROF 28) SIGWINCH 29) SIGIO
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30) SIGPWR
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</pre>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p>The number must be used for <tt class="COMMAND">kill</tt>, while the name minus the
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leading “SIG” can be used with <tt class="COMMAND">killall</tt>. Here's
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another example:</p>
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<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
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<tr>
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<td>
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<pre class="SCREEN">
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<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">killall -KILL vim</kbd>
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</pre>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p>A final use of <tt class="COMMAND">kill</tt> is to restart a process. Sending a <var
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class="LITERAL">SIGHUP</var> will cause most processes to re-read their configuration
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files. This is especially helpful for telling system processes to re-read their config
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files after editing.</p>
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</div>
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accesskey="P">Prev</a></td>
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accesskey="N">Next</a></td>
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<td width="33%" align="left" valign="top"><tt class="COMMAND">ps</tt></td>
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