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Mon Apr 25 13:37:00 UTC 2011 Slackware 13.37 x86_64 stable is released! Thanks to everyone who pitched in on this release: the Slackware team, the folks producing upstream code, and linuxquestions.org for providing a great forum for collaboration and testing. The ISOs are off to be replicated, a 6 CD-ROM 32-bit set and a dual-sided 32-bit/64-bit x86/x86_64 DVD. Please consider supporting the Slackware project by picking up a copy from store.slackware.com. We're taking pre-orders now, and offer a discount if you sign up for a subscription. As always, thanks to the Slackware community for testing, suggestions, and feedback. :-) Have fun!
218 lines
8.9 KiB
HTML
218 lines
8.9 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
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"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
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<head>
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<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
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<title>Partitioning</title>
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<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" />
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<link rel="HOME" title="Slackware Linux Essentials" href="index.html" />
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<link rel="UP" title="Installation" href="installation.html" />
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<link rel="PREVIOUS" title="System Requirements" href="installation-requirements.html" />
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<link rel="NEXT" title="The setup Program" href="installation-setup.html" />
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<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
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</head>
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<body class="SECT1" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
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alink="#0000FF">
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<div class="NAVHEADER">
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<table summary="Header navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0"
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cellspacing="0">
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<tr>
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<th colspan="3" align="center">Slackware Linux Essentials</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td width="10%" align="left" valign="bottom"><a href="installation-requirements.html"
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accesskey="P">Prev</a></td>
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<td width="80%" align="center" valign="bottom">Chapter 3 Installation</td>
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<td width="10%" align="right" valign="bottom"><a href="installation-setup.html"
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accesskey="N">Next</a></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<hr align="LEFT" width="100%" />
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</div>
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<div class="SECT1">
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<h1 class="SECT1"><a id="INSTALLATION-PARTITIONING" name="INSTALLATION-PARTITIONING">3.3
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Partitioning</a></h1>
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<p>After booting from your preferred media, you will need to partition your hard disk.
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The disk partition is where the Linux filesystem will be created and is where Slackware
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will be installed. At the very minimum we recommend creating two partitions; one for your
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root filesystem (<tt class="FILENAME">/</tt>) and one for swap space.</p>
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<p>After the root disk finishes loading, it will present you with a login prompt. Log in
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as root (there is no password). At the shell prompt, run either <tt
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class="COMMAND">cfdisk</tt>(8) or <tt class="COMMAND">fdisk</tt>(8). The <tt
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class="COMMAND">cfdisk</tt> program provides a more user-friendly interface than the
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regular <tt class="COMMAND">fdisk</tt> program, but does lack some features. We will
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briefly explain the <tt class="COMMAND">fdisk</tt> program below.</p>
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<p>Begin by running <tt class="COMMAND">fdisk</tt> for your hard disk. In Linux, the hard
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disks do not have drive letters, but are represented by a file. The first IDE hard disk
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(primary master) is <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/hda</tt>, the primary slave is <tt
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class="FILENAME">/dev/hdb</tt>, and so on. SCSI disks follow the same type system, but
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are in the form of <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/sd<var class="REPLACEABLE">X</var></tt>. You
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will need to start <tt class="COMMAND">fdisk</tt> and pass it your hard disk:</p>
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<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
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<tr>
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<td>
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<pre class="SCREEN">
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<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">fdisk /dev/hda</kbd>
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</pre>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p>Like all good Unix programs, <tt class="COMMAND">fdisk</tt> gives you a prompt
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(thought you were getting a menu, right?). The first thing you should do is examine your
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current partitions. We do that by typing <kbd class="USERINPUT">p</kbd> at the <tt
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class="COMMAND">fdisk</tt> prompt:</p>
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<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
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<tr>
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<td>
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<pre class="SCREEN">
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Command (m for help): <kbd class="USERINPUT">p</kbd>
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</pre>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p>This will display all sorts of information about your current partitions. Most people
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pick a free drive to install to and then remove any existing partitions on it to create
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room for the Linux partitions.</p>
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<div class="WARNING">
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<table class="WARNING" width="100%" border="0">
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<tr>
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<td width="25" align="CENTER" valign="TOP"><img src="./imagelib/admon/warning.png"
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hspace="5" alt="Warning" /></td>
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<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
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<p>IT IS VERY IMPORTANT THAT YOU BACK UP ANY INFORMATION YOU WANT TO SAVE BEFORE
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DESTROYING THE PARTITION IT LIVES ON.</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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<p>There is no easy way to recover from deleting a partition, so always back up before
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playing with them.</p>
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<p>Looking at the table of partition information you should see a partition number, the
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size of the partition, and its type. There's more information, but don't worry about that
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for now. We are going to delete all of the partitions on this drive to create the Linux
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ones. We run the <kbd class="USERINPUT">d</kbd> command to delete those:</p>
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<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
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<tr>
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<td>
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<pre class="SCREEN">
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Command (m for help): <kbd class="USERINPUT">d</kbd>
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Partition number (1-4): <kbd class="USERINPUT">1</kbd>
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</pre>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p>This process should be continued for each of the partitions. After deleting the
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partitions we are ready to create the Linux ones. We have decided to create one partition
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for our root filesystem and one for swap. It is worth noting that Unix partitioning
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schemes are the subject of many flame wars, and that most users will tell you the best
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way to do it. At a minimum, you should create one partition for <tt
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class="FILENAME">/</tt> and one for swap. Over time, you'll develop a method that works
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well for you.</p>
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<p>I use two basic partition schemes. The first is for a desktop. I make 4 partitions,
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<tt class="FILENAME">/</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">/home</tt>, <tt
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class="FILENAME">/usr/local</tt>, and swap. This lets me re-install or upgrade the entire
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installation under <tt class="FILENAME">/</tt> without wiping out my data files under
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/home or my custom compiled applications under <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/local</tt>. For
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servers, I often replace the <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/local</tt> partition with a <tt
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class="FILENAME">/var</tt> partition. Many different servers store information on that
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partition and having it kept separate from <tt class="FILENAME">/</tt> has certain
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performance benefits. For now, we're sticking with just two partitions: <tt
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class="FILENAME">/</tt> and swap.</p>
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<p>Now we create the partitions with the <kbd class="USERINPUT">n</kbd> command:</p>
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<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
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<tr>
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<td>
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<pre class="SCREEN">
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Command (m for help): <kbd class="USERINPUT">n</kbd>
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Command action
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e extended
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p primary partition (1-4)
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<kbd class="USERINPUT">p</kbd>
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Partition number (1-4):<kbd class="USERINPUT">1</kbd>
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First cylinder (0-1060, default 0):<kbd class="USERINPUT">0</kbd>
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Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (0-1060, default 1060):<kbd
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class="USERINPUT">+64M</kbd>
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</pre>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p>You need to make sure you create primary partitions. The first partition is going to
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be our swap partition. We tell fdisk to make partition number 1 a primary partition. We
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start it at cylinder 0 and for the ending cylinder we type +64M. This will give us a 64
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megabyte partition for swap. (The size of the swap partition you need actually depends on
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the amount of RAM you have. It is conventional wisdom that a swap space double the size
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of your RAM should be created.) Then we define primary partition number 2 starting at the
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first available cylinder and going all the way to the end of the drive.</p>
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<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
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<tr>
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<td>
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<pre class="SCREEN">
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Command (m for help):<kbd class="USERINPUT">n</kbd>
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Command action
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e extended
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p primary partition (1-4)
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<kbd class="USERINPUT">p</kbd>
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Partition number (1-4):<kbd class="USERINPUT">2</kbd>
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First cylinder (124-1060, default 124):<kbd class="USERINPUT">124</kbd>
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Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (124-1060, default 1060):<kbd
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class="USERINPUT">1060</kbd>
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</pre>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p>We are almost done. We need to change the type of the first partition to type 82
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(Linux swap). Type <kbd class="USERINPUT">t</kbd> to change the type, select the first
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partition, and type <var class="LITERAL">82</var>. Before writing your changes to the
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disk, you should look at the new partition table one last time. Use the <kbd
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class="USERINPUT">p</kbd> in <tt class="COMMAND">fdisk</tt> to display the partition
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table. If everything looks good, type <kbd class="USERINPUT">w</kbd> to write your
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changes to the disk and quit <tt class="COMMAND">fdisk</tt>.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="NAVFOOTER">
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<hr align="LEFT" width="100%" />
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<table summary="Footer navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0"
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cellspacing="0">
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<tr>
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<td width="33%" align="left" valign="top"><a href="installation-requirements.html"
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accesskey="P">Prev</a></td>
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<td width="34%" align="center" valign="top"><a href="index.html"
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accesskey="H">Home</a></td>
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<td width="33%" align="right" valign="top"><a href="installation-setup.html"
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accesskey="N">Next</a></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td width="33%" align="left" valign="top">System Requirements</td>
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<td width="34%" align="center" valign="top"><a href="installation.html"
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accesskey="U">Up</a></td>
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<td width="33%" align="right" valign="top">The <tt class="COMMAND">setup</tt>
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Program</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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