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Mon Apr 25 13:37:00 UTC 2011 Slackware 13.37 x86_64 stable is released! Thanks to everyone who pitched in on this release: the Slackware team, the folks producing upstream code, and linuxquestions.org for providing a great forum for collaboration and testing. The ISOs are off to be replicated, a 6 CD-ROM 32-bit set and a dual-sided 32-bit/64-bit x86/x86_64 DVD. Please consider supporting the Slackware project by picking up a copy from store.slackware.com. We're taking pre-orders now, and offer a discount if you sign up for a subscription. As always, thanks to the Slackware community for testing, suggestions, and feedback. :-) Have fun!
184 lines
7.9 KiB
HTML
184 lines
7.9 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
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"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
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<head>
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<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
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<title>Mounting Devices</title>
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<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" />
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<link rel="HOME" title="Slackware Linux Essentials" href="index.html" />
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<link rel="UP" title="Filesystem Structure" href="filesystem-structure.html" />
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<link rel="PREVIOUS" title="Links" href="filesystem-structure-links.html" />
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<link rel="NEXT" title="NFS Mounts" href="filesystem-structure-nfs.html" />
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<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
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</head>
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<body class="SECT1" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
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alink="#0000FF">
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<div class="NAVHEADER">
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<table summary="Header navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0"
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cellspacing="0">
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<tr>
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<th colspan="3" align="center">Slackware Linux Essentials</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td width="10%" align="left" valign="bottom"><a href="filesystem-structure-links.html"
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accesskey="P">Prev</a></td>
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<td width="80%" align="center" valign="bottom">Chapter 9 Filesystem Structure</td>
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<td width="10%" align="right" valign="bottom"><a href="filesystem-structure-nfs.html"
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accesskey="N">Next</a></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<hr align="LEFT" width="100%" />
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</div>
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<div class="SECT1">
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<h1 class="SECT1"><a id="FILESYSTEM-STRUCTURE-MOUNTING"
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name="FILESYSTEM-STRUCTURE-MOUNTING">9.4 Mounting Devices</a></h1>
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<p>As was previously discussed in <a
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href="system-configuration.html#SYSTEM-CONFIGURATION-LAYOUT">Section 4.1.1</a>, all the
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drives and devices in your computer are one big filesystem. Various hard drive
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partitions, CD-ROMs, and floppies are all placed in the same tree. In order to attach
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these drives to the filesystem so that you can access them, you have to use the <tt
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class="COMMAND">mount</tt>(1) and <tt class="COMMAND">umount</tt>(1) commands.</p>
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<p>Some devices are automatically mounted when you boot up your computer. These are
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listed in the <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt> file. Anything that you want to be
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mounted automatically gets an entry in that file. For other devices, you'll have to issue
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a command every time you want to use the device.</p>
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<div class="SECT2">
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<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN3319" name="AEN3319">9.4.1 <tt
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class="FILENAME">fstab</tt></a></h2>
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<p>Let's look at an example of the <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt> file:</p>
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<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
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<tr>
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<td>
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<pre class="SCREEN">
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<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cat /etc/fstab</kbd>
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/dev/sda1 / ext2 defaults 1 1
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/dev/sda2 /usr/local ext2 defaults 1 1
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/dev/sda4 /home ext2 defaults 1 1
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/dev/sdb1 swap swap defaults 0 0
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/dev/sdb3 /export ext2 defaults 1 1
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none /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
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none /proc proc defaults 0 0
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/dev/fd0 /mnt ext2 defaults 0 0
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/dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom iso9660 ro 0 0
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</pre>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p>The first column is the device name. In this case, the devices are five partitions
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spread out across two SCSI hard drives, two special filesystems that don't need a device,
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a floppy, and a CD-ROM drive. The second column is where the device will be mounted. This
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needs to be a directory name, except in the case of a swap partition. The third column is
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the filesystem type of the device. For normal Linux filesystems, this will be <var
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class="LITERAL">ext2</var> (second extended filesystem). CD-ROM drives are <var
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class="LITERAL">iso9660</var>, and Windows-based devices will either be <var
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class="LITERAL">msdos</var> or <var class="LITERAL">vfat</var>.</p>
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<p>The fourth column is a listing of options that apply to the mounted filesystem.
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defaults is fine for just about everything. However, read-only devices should be given
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the <var class="LITERAL">ro</var> flag. There are a lot of options that can be used.
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Check the <tt class="FILENAME">fstab</tt>(5) man page for more information. The last two
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columns are used by <tt class="COMMAND">fsck</tt> and other commands that need to
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manipulate the devices. Check the man page for that information as well.</p>
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<p>When you install Slackware Linux, the setup program will build much of the <tt
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class="FILENAME">fstab</tt> file.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="SECT2">
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<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN3340" name="AEN3340">9.4.2 <tt class="COMMAND">mount</tt> and
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<tt class="COMMAND">umount</tt></a></h2>
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<p>Attaching another device to your filesystem is easy. All you have to do is use the <tt
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class="COMMAND">mount</tt> command, along with a few options. Using <tt
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class="COMMAND">mount</tt> can simplified if the device has an entry in the <tt
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class="FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt> file. For example, let's say that I wanted to mount my
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CD-ROM drive and that my <tt class="COMMAND">fstab</tt> file looked like the example from
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the previous section. I would call <tt class="COMMAND">mount</tt> like so:</p>
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<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
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<tr>
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<td>
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<pre class="SCREEN">
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<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">mount /cdrom</kbd>
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</pre>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p>Since there is an entry in <tt class="FILENAME">fstab</tt> for that mount point, <tt
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class="COMMAND">mount</tt> knows what options to use. If there wasn't an entry for that
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device, I would have to use several options for <tt class="COMMAND">mount</tt>:</p>
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<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
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<tr>
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<td>
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<pre class="SCREEN">
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<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd
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class="USERINPUT">mount -t iso9660 -o ro /dev/cdrom /cdrom</kbd>
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</pre>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p>That command line includes the same information as the example <tt
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class="FILENAME">fstab</tt> did, but we'll go over all the parts anyways. The <var
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class="OPTION">-t iso9660</var> is the filesystem type of the device to mount. In this
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case, it would be the iso9660 filesystem which is what CD-ROM drives most commonly use.
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The <var class="OPTION">-o ro</var> tells mount to mount the device read-only. The <tt
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class="FILENAME">/dev/cdrom</tt> is the name of the device to mount, and <tt
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class="FILENAME">/cdrom</tt> is the location on the filesystem to mount the drive.</p>
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<p>Before you can remove a floppy, CD-ROM, or other removable device that is currently
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mounted, you'll have to unmount it. That is done using the <tt
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class="COMMAND">umount</tt> command. Don't ask where the “n” went because we
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couldn't tell you. You can use either the mounted device or the mount point as the
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argument to <tt class="COMMAND">umount</tt>. For example, if you wanted to unmount the
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CD-ROM from the previous example, either of these commands would work:</p>
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<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
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<tr>
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<td>
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<pre class="SCREEN">
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<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">umount /dev/cdrom</kbd>
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<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">umount /cdrom</kbd>
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</pre>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="NAVFOOTER">
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<hr align="LEFT" width="100%" />
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<table summary="Footer navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0"
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cellspacing="0">
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<tr>
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<td width="33%" align="left" valign="top"><a href="filesystem-structure-links.html"
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accesskey="P">Prev</a></td>
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<td width="34%" align="center" valign="top"><a href="index.html"
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accesskey="H">Home</a></td>
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<td width="33%" align="right" valign="top"><a href="filesystem-structure-nfs.html"
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accesskey="N">Next</a></td>
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<tr>
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<td width="33%" align="left" valign="top">Links</td>
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<td width="34%" align="center" valign="top"><a href="filesystem-structure.html"
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accesskey="U">Up</a></td>
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<td width="33%" align="right" valign="top">NFS Mounts</td>
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</body>
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</html>
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