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Mon Apr 25 13:37:00 UTC 2011 Slackware 13.37 x86_64 stable is released! Thanks to everyone who pitched in on this release: the Slackware team, the folks producing upstream code, and linuxquestions.org for providing a great forum for collaboration and testing. The ISOs are off to be replicated, a 6 CD-ROM 32-bit set and a dual-sided 32-bit/64-bit x86/x86_64 DVD. Please consider supporting the Slackware project by picking up a copy from store.slackware.com. We're taking pre-orders now, and offer a discount if you sign up for a subscription. As always, thanks to the Slackware community for testing, suggestions, and feedback. :-) Have fun!
141 lines
6.2 KiB
HTML
141 lines
6.2 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
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"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
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<head>
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<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
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<title>Modes</title>
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<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" />
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<link rel="HOME" title="Slackware Linux Essentials" href="index.html" />
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<link rel="UP" title="Emacs" href="emacs.html" />
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<link rel="PREVIOUS" title="Buffers" href="emacs-buffers.html" />
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<link rel="NEXT" title="Basic Editing" href="emacs-basic-editing.html" />
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<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
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</head>
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<body class="SECT1" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
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alink="#0000FF">
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<div class="NAVHEADER">
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<table summary="Header navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0"
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cellspacing="0">
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<tr>
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<th colspan="3" align="center">Slackware Linux Essentials</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td width="10%" align="left" valign="bottom"><a href="emacs-buffers.html"
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accesskey="P">Prev</a></td>
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<td width="80%" align="center" valign="bottom">Chapter 17 Emacs</td>
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<td width="10%" align="right" valign="bottom"><a href="emacs-basic-editing.html"
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accesskey="N">Next</a></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<hr align="LEFT" width="100%" />
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</div>
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<div class="SECT1">
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<h1 class="SECT1"><a id="EMACS-MODES" name="EMACS-MODES">17.3 Modes</a></h1>
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<p>Every buffer in Emacs has an associated mode. This mode is very different from the
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idea of modes in <tt class="COMMAND">vi</tt>: a mode tells you what kind of buffer you
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are in. For example, there is text-mode for normal text files, but there are also modes
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such as c-mode for editing C programs, sh-mode for editing shell scripts, latex-mode for
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editing <b class="APPLICATION">LaTeX</b> files, mail-mode for editing email and news
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messages, etc. A mode provides special customizations and functionality that is useful
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for the kind of file you are editing. It is even possible for a mode to redefine keys and
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key commands. For example, in Text mode, the Tab key simply jumps to the next tab stop,
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but in many programming language modes, the <b class="KEYCAP">Tab</b> key indents the
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current line according to the depth of the block that line is in.</p>
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<p>The modes mentioned above are called major modes. Each buffer has exactly one major
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mode. Additionally, a buffer can have one or more minor modes. A minor mode provides
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additional features that may be useful for certain editing tasks. For example, if you hit
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the <b class="KEYCAP">INSERT</b> key, you invoke overwrite-mode, which does what you'd
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expect. There is also an auto-fill-mode, which is handy in combination with text-mode or
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latex-mode: it causes each line that you type to be automatically wrapped once the line
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reaches a certain number of characters. Without auto-fill-mode, you have to type <b
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class="KEYCAP">M</b>-<b class="KEYCAP">q</b> to fill out a paragraph. (Which you can also
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use to reformat a paragraph after you've edited some text in it and it is no longer
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nicely filled out.)</p>
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<div class="SECT2">
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<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="EMACS-OPENING-FILES" name="EMACS-OPENING-FILES">17.3.1 Opening
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files</a></h2>
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<p>To open a file in Emacs, type</p>
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<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
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<tr>
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<td>
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<pre class="SCREEN">
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<kbd class="USERINPUT">C-x C-f</kbd>
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</pre>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p>Emacs will ask you for the name of the file, filling in some default path for you
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(which is usually <tt class="FILENAME">~/</tt> ). After you type the filename (you can
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use <b class="KEYCAP">Tab</b> completion) and hit <b class="KEYCAP">ENTER</b> , Emacs
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will open the file in a new buffer and display that buffer on the screen.</p>
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<div class="NOTE">
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<table class="NOTE" width="100%" border="0">
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<tr>
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<td width="25" align="CENTER" valign="TOP"><img src="./imagelib/admon/note.png"
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hspace="5" alt="Note" /></td>
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<td align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
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<p>Emacs will automatically create a new buffer, it will not load the file into the
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current buffer.</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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<p>In order to create a new file in emacs, you cannot just go typing right away. You
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first have to create a buffer for it, and come up with a filename. You do this by typing
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<b class="KEYCAP">C</b>-<b class="KEYCAP">x</b> <b class="KEYCAP">C</b>-<b
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class="KEYCAP">f</b> and typing a filename, just as if you were opening an existing file.
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Emacs will notice that the file you typed doesn't exist, and will create a new buffer and
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report “(New file)” in the minibuffer.</p>
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<p>When you type <b class="KEYCAP">C</b>-<b class="KEYCAP">x</b> <b
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class="KEYCAP">C</b>-<b class="KEYCAP">f</b> and then enter a directory name instead of a
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filename, Emacs will create a new buffer in which you will find a list of all the files
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in that directory. You can move the cursor to the file that you are looking for and type
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, and Emacs will open it. (There are in fact a lot more actions you can perform here,
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such as deleting, renaming and moving files, etc. Emacs is now in dired-mode, which is
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basically a simple file manager.)</p>
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<p>When you have typed <b class="KEYCAP">C</b>-<b class="KEYCAP">x</b> <b
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class="KEYCAP">C</b>-<b class="KEYCAP">f</b> and suddenly change your mind, you can type
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<b class="KEYCAP">C</b>-<b class="KEYCAP">g</b> to cancel the action. <b
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class="KEYCAP">C</b>-<b class="KEYCAP">g</b> works almost everywhere where you want to
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cancel an action or command that you've started but don't want to finish.</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="NAVFOOTER">
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<hr align="LEFT" width="100%" />
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<table summary="Footer navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0"
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cellspacing="0">
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<tr>
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<td width="33%" align="left" valign="top"><a href="emacs-buffers.html"
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accesskey="P">Prev</a></td>
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<td width="34%" align="center" valign="top"><a href="index.html"
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accesskey="H">Home</a></td>
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<td width="33%" align="right" valign="top"><a href="emacs-basic-editing.html"
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accesskey="N">Next</a></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td width="33%" align="left" valign="top">Buffers</td>
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<td width="34%" align="center" valign="top"><a href="emacs.html"
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accesskey="U">Up</a></td>
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<td width="33%" align="right" valign="top">Basic Editing</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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