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Wed Aug 26 10:00:38 CDT 2009 Slackware 13.0 x86_64 is released as stable! Thanks to everyone who helped make this release possible -- see the RELEASE_NOTES for the credits. The ISOs are off to the replicator. This time it will be a 6 CD-ROM 32-bit set and a dual-sided 32-bit/64-bit x86/x86_64 DVD. We're taking pre-orders now at store.slackware.com. Please consider picking up a copy to help support the project. Once again, thanks to the entire Slackware community for all the help testing and fixing things and offering suggestions during this development cycle. As always, have fun and enjoy! -P.
184 lines
7.9 KiB
HTML
184 lines
7.9 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
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"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
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<head>
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<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
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<title>Mounting Devices</title>
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<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" />
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<link rel="HOME" title="Slackware Linux Essentials" href="index.html" />
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<link rel="UP" title="Filesystem Structure" href="filesystem-structure.html" />
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<link rel="PREVIOUS" title="Links" href="filesystem-structure-links.html" />
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<link rel="NEXT" title="NFS Mounts" href="filesystem-structure-nfs.html" />
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<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
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</head>
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<body class="SECT1" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
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alink="#0000FF">
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<div class="NAVHEADER">
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<table summary="Header navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0"
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cellspacing="0">
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<tr>
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<th colspan="3" align="center">Slackware Linux Essentials</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td width="10%" align="left" valign="bottom"><a href="filesystem-structure-links.html"
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accesskey="P">Prev</a></td>
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<td width="80%" align="center" valign="bottom">Chapter 9 Filesystem Structure</td>
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<td width="10%" align="right" valign="bottom"><a href="filesystem-structure-nfs.html"
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accesskey="N">Next</a></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<hr align="LEFT" width="100%" />
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</div>
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<div class="SECT1">
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<h1 class="SECT1"><a id="FILESYSTEM-STRUCTURE-MOUNTING"
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name="FILESYSTEM-STRUCTURE-MOUNTING">9.4 Mounting Devices</a></h1>
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<p>As was previously discussed in <a
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href="system-configuration.html#SYSTEM-CONFIGURATION-LAYOUT">Section 4.1.1</a>, all the
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drives and devices in your computer are one big filesystem. Various hard drive
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partitions, CD-ROMs, and floppies are all placed in the same tree. In order to attach
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these drives to the filesystem so that you can access them, you have to use the <tt
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class="COMMAND">mount</tt>(1) and <tt class="COMMAND">umount</tt>(1) commands.</p>
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<p>Some devices are automatically mounted when you boot up your computer. These are
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listed in the <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt> file. Anything that you want to be
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mounted automatically gets an entry in that file. For other devices, you'll have to issue
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a command every time you want to use the device.</p>
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<div class="SECT2">
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<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN3319" name="AEN3319">9.4.1 <tt
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class="FILENAME">fstab</tt></a></h2>
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<p>Let's look at an example of the <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt> file:</p>
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<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
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<tr>
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<td>
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<pre class="SCREEN">
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<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cat /etc/fstab</kbd>
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/dev/sda1 / ext2 defaults 1 1
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/dev/sda2 /usr/local ext2 defaults 1 1
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/dev/sda4 /home ext2 defaults 1 1
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/dev/sdb1 swap swap defaults 0 0
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/dev/sdb3 /export ext2 defaults 1 1
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none /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
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none /proc proc defaults 0 0
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/dev/fd0 /mnt ext2 defaults 0 0
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/dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom iso9660 ro 0 0
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</pre>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p>The first column is the device name. In this case, the devices are five partitions
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spread out across two SCSI hard drives, two special filesystems that don't need a device,
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a floppy, and a CD-ROM drive. The second column is where the device will be mounted. This
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needs to be a directory name, except in the case of a swap partition. The third column is
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the filesystem type of the device. For normal Linux filesystems, this will be <var
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class="LITERAL">ext2</var> (second extended filesystem). CD-ROM drives are <var
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class="LITERAL">iso9660</var>, and Windows-based devices will either be <var
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class="LITERAL">msdos</var> or <var class="LITERAL">vfat</var>.</p>
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<p>The fourth column is a listing of options that apply to the mounted filesystem.
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defaults is fine for just about everything. However, read-only devices should be given
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the <var class="LITERAL">ro</var> flag. There are a lot of options that can be used.
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Check the <tt class="FILENAME">fstab</tt>(5) man page for more information. The last two
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columns are used by <tt class="COMMAND">fsck</tt> and other commands that need to
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manipulate the devices. Check the man page for that information as well.</p>
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<p>When you install Slackware Linux, the setup program will build much of the <tt
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class="FILENAME">fstab</tt> file.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="SECT2">
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<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN3340" name="AEN3340">9.4.2 <tt class="COMMAND">mount</tt> and
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<tt class="COMMAND">umount</tt></a></h2>
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<p>Attaching another device to your filesystem is easy. All you have to do is use the <tt
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class="COMMAND">mount</tt> command, along with a few options. Using <tt
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class="COMMAND">mount</tt> can simplified if the device has an entry in the <tt
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class="FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt> file. For example, let's say that I wanted to mount my
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CD-ROM drive and that my <tt class="COMMAND">fstab</tt> file looked like the example from
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the previous section. I would call <tt class="COMMAND">mount</tt> like so:</p>
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<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
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<tr>
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<td>
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<pre class="SCREEN">
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<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">mount /cdrom</kbd>
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</pre>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p>Since there is an entry in <tt class="FILENAME">fstab</tt> for that mount point, <tt
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class="COMMAND">mount</tt> knows what options to use. If there wasn't an entry for that
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device, I would have to use several options for <tt class="COMMAND">mount</tt>:</p>
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<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
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<tr>
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<td>
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<pre class="SCREEN">
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<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd
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class="USERINPUT">mount -t iso9660 -o ro /dev/cdrom /cdrom</kbd>
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</pre>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p>That command line includes the same information as the example <tt
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class="FILENAME">fstab</tt> did, but we'll go over all the parts anyways. The <var
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class="OPTION">-t iso9660</var> is the filesystem type of the device to mount. In this
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case, it would be the iso9660 filesystem which is what CD-ROM drives most commonly use.
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The <var class="OPTION">-o ro</var> tells mount to mount the device read-only. The <tt
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class="FILENAME">/dev/cdrom</tt> is the name of the device to mount, and <tt
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class="FILENAME">/cdrom</tt> is the location on the filesystem to mount the drive.</p>
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<p>Before you can remove a floppy, CD-ROM, or other removable device that is currently
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mounted, you'll have to unmount it. That is done using the <tt
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class="COMMAND">umount</tt> command. Don't ask where the “n” went because we
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couldn't tell you. You can use either the mounted device or the mount point as the
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argument to <tt class="COMMAND">umount</tt>. For example, if you wanted to unmount the
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CD-ROM from the previous example, either of these commands would work:</p>
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<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
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<tr>
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<td>
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<pre class="SCREEN">
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<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">umount /dev/cdrom</kbd>
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<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">umount /cdrom</kbd>
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</pre>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="NAVFOOTER">
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<hr align="LEFT" width="100%" />
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<table summary="Footer navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0"
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cellspacing="0">
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<tr>
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<td width="33%" align="left" valign="top"><a href="filesystem-structure-links.html"
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accesskey="P">Prev</a></td>
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<td width="34%" align="center" valign="top"><a href="index.html"
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accesskey="H">Home</a></td>
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<td width="33%" align="right" valign="top"><a href="filesystem-structure-nfs.html"
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accesskey="N">Next</a></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td width="33%" align="left" valign="top">Links</td>
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<td width="34%" align="center" valign="top"><a href="filesystem-structure.html"
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accesskey="U">Up</a></td>
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<td width="33%" align="right" valign="top">NFS Mounts</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</body>
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</html>
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