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Wed Aug 26 10:00:38 CDT 2009 Slackware 13.0 x86_64 is released as stable! Thanks to everyone who helped make this release possible -- see the RELEASE_NOTES for the credits. The ISOs are off to the replicator. This time it will be a 6 CD-ROM 32-bit set and a dual-sided 32-bit/64-bit x86/x86_64 DVD. We're taking pre-orders now at store.slackware.com. Please consider picking up a copy to help support the project. Once again, thanks to the entire Slackware community for all the help testing and fixing things and offering suggestions during this development cycle. As always, have fun and enjoy! -P.
144 lines
5.7 KiB
HTML
144 lines
5.7 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
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"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
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<head>
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<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
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<title>Pagers: more, less, and most</title>
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<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" />
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<link rel="HOME" title="Slackware Linux Essentials" href="index.html" />
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<link rel="UP" title="Handling Files and Directories" href="file-commands.html" />
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<link rel="PREVIOUS" title="Handling Files and Directories" href="file-commands.html" />
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<link rel="NEXT" title="Simple Output: cat and echo" href="file-commands-output.html" />
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<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
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</head>
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<body class="SECT1" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
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alink="#0000FF">
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<div class="NAVHEADER">
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<table summary="Header navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0"
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cellspacing="0">
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<tr>
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<th colspan="3" align="center">Slackware Linux Essentials</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td width="10%" align="left" valign="bottom"><a href="file-commands.html"
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accesskey="P">Prev</a></td>
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<td width="80%" align="center" valign="bottom">Chapter 10 Handling Files and
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Directories</td>
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<td width="10%" align="right" valign="bottom"><a href="file-commands-output.html"
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accesskey="N">Next</a></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<hr align="LEFT" width="100%" />
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</div>
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<div class="SECT1">
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<h1 class="SECT1"><a id="FILE-COMMANDS-PAGERS" name="FILE-COMMANDS-PAGERS">10.2 Pagers:
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<tt class="COMMAND">more</tt>, <tt class="COMMAND">less</tt>, and <tt
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class="COMMAND">most</tt></a></h1>
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<div class="SECT2">
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<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN3491" name="AEN3491">10.2.1 <tt
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class="COMMAND">more</tt></a></h2>
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<p><tt class="COMMAND">more</tt>(1) is what we call a pager utility. Oftentimes the
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output of a particular command is too big to fit on one screen. The individual commands
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do not know how to fit their output to separate screens. They leave this job to the pager
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utility.</p>
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<p>The <tt class="COMMAND">more</tt> command breaks the output into individual screens
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and waits for you to press the space bar before continuing on to the next screen.
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Pressing the enter key will advance the output one line. Here is a good example:</p>
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<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
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<tr>
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<td>
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<pre class="SCREEN">
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<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /usr/bin</kbd>
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<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">ls -l</kbd>
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</pre>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p>That should scroll for a while. To break up the output screen by screen, just pipe it
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through more:</p>
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<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
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<tr>
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<td>
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<pre class="SCREEN">
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<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">ls -l | more</kbd>
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</pre>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p>That is the pipe character (shift backslash). The pipe is short for saying take the
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output of <tt class="COMMAND">ls</tt> and feed it into <tt class="COMMAND">more</tt>. You
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can pipe just about anything through the <tt class="COMMAND">more</tt> command, not just
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<tt class="COMMAND">ls</tt>. Piping is also covered in <a
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href="shell-command-line.html#SHELL-COMMAND-LINE-PIPING">Section 8.2.3</a>.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="SECT2">
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<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN3518" name="AEN3518">10.2.2 <tt
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class="COMMAND">less</tt></a></h2>
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<p>The <tt class="COMMAND">more</tt> command is quite handy, but often you will find that
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you have advanced past the screen you wanted. more does not provide a way to go back. The
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<tt class="COMMAND">less</tt>(1) command provides this functionality. It is used in the
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same way as the <tt class="COMMAND">more</tt> command, so the previous examples apply
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here too. So, <tt class="COMMAND">less</tt> is more than <tt class="COMMAND">more</tt>.
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Joost Kremers puts it this way:</p>
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<a id="AEN3530" name="AEN3530"></a>
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<blockquote class="BLOCKQUOTE">
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<p><tt class="COMMAND">less</tt> is more, but more <tt class="COMMAND">more</tt> than <tt
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class="COMMAND">more</tt> is, so <tt class="COMMAND">more</tt> is less <tt
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class="COMMAND">less</tt>, so use more <tt class="COMMAND">less</tt> if you want less <tt
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class="COMMAND">more</tt>.</p>
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</blockquote>
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</div>
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<div class="SECT2">
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<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN3539" name="AEN3539">10.2.3 <tt
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class="COMMAND">most</tt></a></h2>
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<p>Where <tt class="COMMAND">more</tt> and <tt class="COMMAND">less</tt> leave off, <tt
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class="COMMAND">most</tt>(1) picks back up. If <tt class="COMMAND">less</tt> is more than
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<tt class="COMMAND">more</tt>, <tt class="COMMAND">most</tt> is more than <tt
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class="COMMAND">less</tt>. Whereas the other pagers can only display one file at a time,
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<tt class="COMMAND">most</tt> is capable of viewing any number of files, as long as each
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file's window is at least 2 lines long. <tt class="COMMAND">most</tt> has a lot of
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options, check the man page for full details.</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="NAVFOOTER">
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<hr align="LEFT" width="100%" />
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<table summary="Footer navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0"
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cellspacing="0">
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<tr>
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<td width="33%" align="left" valign="top"><a href="file-commands.html"
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accesskey="P">Prev</a></td>
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<td width="34%" align="center" valign="top"><a href="index.html"
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accesskey="H">Home</a></td>
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<td width="33%" align="right" valign="top"><a href="file-commands-output.html"
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accesskey="N">Next</a></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td width="33%" align="left" valign="top">Handling Files and Directories</td>
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<td width="34%" align="center" valign="top"><a href="file-commands.html"
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accesskey="U">Up</a></td>
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<td width="33%" align="right" valign="top">Simple Output: <tt class="COMMAND">cat</tt>
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and <tt class="COMMAND">echo</tt></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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