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138 lines
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HTML
138 lines
6.5 KiB
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<head>
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<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
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<title>Virtual Terminals</title>
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<link rel="HOME" title="Slackware Linux Essentials" href="index.html" />
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<link rel="PREVIOUS" title="The Bourne Again Shell (bash)" href="shell-bash.html" />
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alink="#0000FF">
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<div class="NAVHEADER">
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<table summary="Header navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0"
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cellspacing="0">
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<tr>
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<th colspan="3" align="center">Slackware Linux Essentials</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td width="10%" align="left" valign="bottom"><a href="shell-bash.html"
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accesskey="P">Prev</a></td>
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<td width="80%" align="center" valign="bottom">Chapter 8 The Shell</td>
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<td width="10%" align="right" valign="bottom"><a href="filesystem-structure.html"
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accesskey="N">Next</a></td>
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<hr align="LEFT" width="100%" />
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</div>
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<div class="SECT1">
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<h1 class="SECT1"><a id="SHELL-VT" name="SHELL-VT">8.4 Virtual Terminals</a></h1>
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<p>So you're in the middle of working on something and you decide you need to do
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something else. You could just drop what you're doing and switch tasks, but this is a
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multi-user system, right? And you can log in as many times simultaneously as you want,
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right? So why should you have to do one thing at a time?</p>
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<p>You don't. We can't all have multiple keyboards, mice, and monitors for one machine;
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chances are most of us don't want them. Clearly, hardware isn't the solution. That leaves
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software, and Linux steps up on this one, providing “virtual terminals”, or
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“VTs”.</p>
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<p>By pressing <kbd class="USERINPUT">Alt</kbd> and a function key, you can switch
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between virtual terminals; each function key corresponds to one. Slackware has logins on
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6 VTs by default. <b class="KEYCAP">Alt</b>+<b class="KEYCAP">F2</b> will take you to the
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second one, <b class="KEYCAP">Alt</b>+<b class="KEYCAP">F3</b> to the third, etc.</p>
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<p>The rest of the function keys are reserved for X sessions. Each X session uses its own
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VT, beginning with the seventh (<b class="KEYCAP">Alt</b>+<b class="KEYCAP">F7</b>) and
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going up. When in X, the <b class="KEYCAP">Alt</b>+<b class="KEYCAP">Function key</b>
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combination is replaced with <b class="KEYCAP">Ctrl</b>+<b class="KEYCAP">Alt</b>+<b
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class="KEYCAP">Function</b>; so if you are in X and want to get back to a text login
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(without exiting your X session), <b class="KEYCAP">Ctrl</b>+<b class="KEYCAP">Alt</b>+<b
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class="KEYCAP">F3</b> will take you to the third. (<b class="KEYCAP">Alt</b>+<b
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class="KEYCAP">F7</b> will take you back, assuming you're using the first X session.)</p>
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<div class="SECT2">
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<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN3024" name="AEN3024">8.4.1 Screen</a></h2>
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<p>But what about situations where there are no virtual terminals? What then?
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Fortunately, slackware includes a beautiful screen manager aptly named <tt
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class="COMMAND">screen</tt>. <tt class="COMMAND">screen</tt> is a terminal emulator that
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has virtual terminal like capabilities. Executing <tt class="COMMAND">screen</tt> flashes
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a brief introduction, then dumps to a terminal. Unlike the standard virtual terminals,
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<tt class="COMMAND">screen</tt> has its own commands. All <tt class="COMMAND">screen</tt>
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commands are prefixed with a <b class="KEYCAP">Crtl</b>+<b class="KEYCAP">A</b>
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keystroke. For example, <b class="KEYCAP">Ctrl</b>+<b class="KEYCAP">A</b>+<b
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class="KEYCAP">C</b> will create a new terminal session. <b class="KEYCAP">Ctrl</b>+<b
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class="KEYCAP">A</b>+<b class="KEYCAP">N</b> will switch to the next terminal. <b
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class="KEYCAP">Ctrl</b>+<b class="KEYCAP">A</b>+<b class="KEYCAP">P</b> switches to the
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previous terminal.</p>
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<p><tt class="COMMAND">screen</tt> also supports detaching and re-attaching to <tt
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class="COMMAND">screen</tt> sessions which is particularly useful for remote sessions via
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<tt class="COMMAND">ssh</tt> and <tt class="COMMAND">telnet</tt>, (more on those later).
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<b class="KEYCAP">Ctrl</b>+<b class="KEYCAP">A</b>+<b class="KEYCAP">D</b> will detach
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from the currently running screen. Executing <tt class="COMMAND">screen -r</tt> will list
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all currently running screen sessions you may reattach to.</p>
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<table border="0" bgcolor="#E0E0E0" width="100%">
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<tr>
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<td>
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<pre class="SCREEN">
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<samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">screen -r</kbd>
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There are several suitable screens on:
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1212.pts-1.redtail (Detached)
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1195.pts-1.redtail (Detached)
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1225.pts-1.redtail (Detached)
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17146.pts-1.sanctuary (Dead ???)
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Remove dead screens with 'screen -wipe'.
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Type "screen [-d] -r [pid.]tty.host" to resume one of them.
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</pre>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p>Running <tt class="COMMAND">screen -r 1212</tt> would reattach to the first screen
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listed. I mentioned earlier how useful this was for remote sessions. If I were to login
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to a remote slackware server via <tt class="COMMAND">ssh</tt>, and my connection was
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severed by some chance occurrence such as a local power failure, whatever I was doing at
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that moment would instantly perish, which can be a horrible thing for your server. Using
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<tt class="COMMAND">screen</tt> prevents this by detaching my session if my connection is
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dropped. Once my connection is restored, I can reattach to my screen session and resume
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right where I left off.</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="NAVFOOTER">
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<hr align="LEFT" width="100%" />
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<table summary="Footer navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0"
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cellspacing="0">
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<tr>
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<td width="33%" align="left" valign="top"><a href="shell-bash.html"
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accesskey="P">Prev</a></td>
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<td width="34%" align="center" valign="top"><a href="index.html"
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accesskey="H">Home</a></td>
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<td width="33%" align="right" valign="top"><a href="filesystem-structure.html"
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accesskey="N">Next</a></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td width="33%" align="left" valign="top">The Bourne Again Shell (bash)</td>
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<td width="34%" align="center" valign="top"><a href="shell.html"
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accesskey="U">Up</a></td>
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<td width="33%" align="right" valign="top">Filesystem Structure</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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