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9.3 KiB
HTML
201 lines
9.3 KiB
HTML
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
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"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
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<head>
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<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
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<title>Modes</title>
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<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" />
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<link rel="HOME" title="Slackware Linux Essentials" href="index.html" />
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<link rel="UP" title="Vi" href="vi.html" />
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<link rel="PREVIOUS" title="Vi" href="vi.html" />
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<link rel="NEXT" title="Opening Files" href="vi-opening-files.html" />
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<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
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</head>
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<body class="SECT1" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
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alink="#0000FF">
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<div class="NAVHEADER">
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<table summary="Header navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0"
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cellspacing="0">
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<tr>
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<th colspan="3" align="center">Slackware Linux Essentials</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td width="10%" align="left" valign="bottom"><a href="vi.html"
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accesskey="P">Prev</a></td>
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<td width="80%" align="center" valign="bottom">Chapter 16 Vi</td>
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<td width="10%" align="right" valign="bottom"><a href="vi-opening-files.html"
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accesskey="N">Next</a></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<hr align="LEFT" width="100%" />
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</div>
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<div class="SECT1">
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<h1 class="SECT1"><a id="VI-MODES" name="VI-MODES">16.2 Modes</a></h1>
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<p><tt class="COMMAND">vi</tt> operates in various modes, which are used to accomplish
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various tasks. When you first start <tt class="COMMAND">vi</tt>, you are placed into
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command mode. From this point, you can issue various commands to manipulate text, move
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around in the file, save, quit, and change modes. Editing the text is done in insert
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mode. You can quickly move between modes with a variety of keystrokes, which are
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explained below.</p>
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<div class="SECT2">
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<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="VI-MODES-COMMAND-MODE" name="VI-MODES-COMMAND-MODE">16.2.1
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Command Mode</a></h2>
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<p>You are first placed into command mode. From this mode, you cannot directly enter text
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or edit what is already there. However, you can manipulate the text, search, quit, save,
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load new files, and more. This is intended only to be an introduction to the command
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mode. For a description of the various commands, see <a href="vi-keys.html">Section
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16.7</a>.</p>
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<p>Probably the most often used command in command mode is changing to insert mode. This
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is accomplished by hitting the <b class="KEYCAP">i</b> key. The cursor changes shapes,
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and <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">-- INSERT --</i></span> is displayed at
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the bottom of the screen (note that this does not happen in all clones of <tt
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class="COMMAND">vi</tt>). From there, all your keystrokes are entered into the current
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buffer and are displayed to the screen. To get back into command mode, hit the <b
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class="KEYCAP">ESCAPE</b> key.</p>
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<p>Command mode is also where you move around in the file. On some systems, you can use
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the arrow keys to move around. On other systems, you may need to use the more traditional
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keys of “<b class="KEYCAP">hjkl</b>”. Here is a simple listing of how these
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keys are used to move around:</p>
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<div class="INFORMALTABLE"><a id="AEN5604" name="AEN5604"></a>
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<table border="0" frame="void" width="100%" class="CALSTABLE">
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<col width="25%" />
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<col width="75%" />
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td><b class="KEYCAP">h</b></td>
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<td>move left one character</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><b class="KEYCAP">j</b></td>
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<td>move down one character</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><b class="KEYCAP">k</b></td>
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<td>move up one character</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><b class="KEYCAP">l</b></td>
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<td>move right one character</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</div>
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<p>Simply press a key to move. As you will see later, these keys can be combined with a
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number to move much more efficiently.</p>
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<p>Many of the commands that you will use in command mode begin with a colon. For
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example, quitting is <b class="KEYCAP">:q</b>, as discussed earlier. The colon simply
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indicates that it is a command, while the “<b class="KEYCAP">q</b>” tells <tt
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class="COMMAND">vi</tt> to quit. Other commands are an optional number, followed by a
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letter. These commands do not have a colon before them, and are generally used to
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manipulate the text.</p>
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<p>For example, deleting one line from a file is accomplished by hitting <b
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class="KEYCAP">dd</b>. This will remove the line that the cursor is on. Issuing the
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command <b class="KEYCAP">4dd</b> would tell <tt class="COMMAND">vi</tt> to remove the
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line that the cursor is on and the three after that. In general, the number tells <tt
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class="COMMAND">vi</tt> how many times to perform the command.</p>
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<p>You can combine a number with the movement keys to move around several characters at a
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time. For example, <b class="KEYCAP">10k</b> would move up ten lines on the screen.</p>
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<p>Command mode can also be used to cut and paste, insert text, and read other files into
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the current buffer. Copying text is accomplished with the <b class="KEYCAP">y</b> key (<b
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class="KEYCAP">y</b> stands for yank). Copying the current line is done by typing <b
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class="KEYCAP">yy</b>, and this can be prefixed with a number to yank more lines. Then,
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move to the location for the copy and hit <b class="KEYCAP">p</b>. The text is pasted on
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the line after the current one.</p>
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<p>Cutting text is done by typing <b class="KEYCAP">dd</b>, and <b class="KEYCAP">p</b>
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can be used to paste the cut text back into the file. Reading in text from another file
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is a simple procedure. Just type <b class="KEYCAP">:r</b>, followed by a space and the
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file name that contains the text to be inserted. The file's contents will be pasted into
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the current buffer on the line after the cursor. More sophisticated <tt
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class="COMMAND">vi</tt> clones even contain filename completion similar to the
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shell's.</p>
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<p>The final use that will be covered is searching. Command mode allows for simple
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searching, as well as complicated search-and-replace commands that make use of a powerful
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version of regular expressions. A complete discussion of regular expressions is beyond
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the scope of this chapter, so this section will only cover simple means of searching.</p>
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<p>A simple search is accomplished by hitting the <b class="KEYCAP">/</b> key, followed
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by the text that you are searching for. <tt class="COMMAND">vi</tt> will search forward
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from the cursor to the end of the file for a match, stopping when it finds one. Note that
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inexact matches will cause <tt class="COMMAND">vi</tt> to stop as well. For example, a
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search for “<span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">the</i></span>” will
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cause <tt class="COMMAND">vi</tt> to stop on “<span class="emphasis"><i
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class="EMPHASIS">then</i></span>”, “<span class="emphasis"><i
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class="EMPHASIS">therefore</i></span>”, and so on. This is because all of those
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words do match “<span class="emphasis"><i
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class="EMPHASIS">the</i></span>”.</p>
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<p>After <tt class="COMMAND">vi</tt> has found the first match, you can continue on to
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the next match simply by hitting the <b class="KEYCAP">/</b> key followed by enter. You
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can also search backwards through the file by replacing the slash with the <b
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class="KEYCAP">?</b> key. For example, searching backwards through the file for
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“<span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">the</i></span>” would be
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accomplished by typing <b class="KEYCAP">?the</b>.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="SECT2">
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<h2 class="SECT2"><a id="VI-MODES-INSET-MODE" name="VI-MODES-INSET-MODE">16.2.2 Insert
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Mode</a></h2>
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<p>Inserting and replacing text is accomplished in insert mode. As previously discussed,
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you can get into insert mode by hitting <b class="KEYCAP">i</b> from command mode. Then,
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all text that you type is entered into the current buffer. Hitting the <b
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class="KEYCAP">ESCAPE</b> key takes you back into command mode.</p>
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<p>Replacing text is accomplished in several ways. From command mode, hitting <b
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class="KEYCAP">r</b> will allow you to replace the one character underneath the cursor.
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Just type the new character and it will replace the one under the cursor. You will then
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be immediately placed back into command mode. Hitting <b class="KEYCAP">R</b> allows you
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to replace as many characters as you'd like. To get out of this replacement mode, just
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hit <b class="KEYCAP">ESCAPE</b> to go back into command mode.</p>
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<p>There is yet another way to toggle between insertion and replacement. Hitting the <b
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class="KEYCAP">INSERT</b> key from command mode will take you into insert mode. Once you
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are in insert mode, the keyboard's <b class="KEYCAP">INSERT</b> key serves as a toggle
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between insert and replace. Hitting it once will allow you to replace. Hitting it once
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more will once again allow you to insert text.</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="NAVFOOTER">
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<hr align="LEFT" width="100%" />
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<table summary="Footer navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0"
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cellspacing="0">
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<tr>
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<td width="33%" align="left" valign="top"><a href="vi.html" accesskey="P">Prev</a></td>
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<td width="34%" align="center" valign="top"><a href="index.html"
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accesskey="H">Home</a></td>
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<td width="33%" align="right" valign="top"><a href="vi-opening-files.html"
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accesskey="N">Next</a></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td width="33%" align="left" valign="top">Vi</td>
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<td width="34%" align="center" valign="top"><a href="vi.html" accesskey="U">Up</a></td>
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<td width="33%" align="right" valign="top">Opening Files</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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