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284 lines
9.2 KiB
Groff
284 lines
9.2 KiB
Groff
.\"
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.\" par2(1)
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (C) 2004 Andres Salomon
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.TH par2 1 "May 2004"
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.SH NAME
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par2 \- PAR 2.0 compatible file verification and repair tool.
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.B par2
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c(reate) [options] <par2 file> [files]
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.br
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.B par2
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v(erify) [options] <par2 file> [files]
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.br
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.B par2
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r(epair) [options] <par2 file> [files]
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.br
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.br
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Or:
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.br
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.br
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.B par2create
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[options] <par2 file> [files]
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.br
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.B par2verify
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[options] <par2 file> [files]
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.br
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.B par2repair
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[options] <par2 file> [files]
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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par2 is a program for creating and using PAR2 files to detect
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damage in data files and repair them if necessary. It can be used with
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any kind of file.
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.SH OPTIONS
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.TP
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.B -b<n>
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Set the Block-Count
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.TP
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.B -s<n>
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Set the Block-Size (Don't use both -b and -s)
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.TP
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.B -r<n>
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Level of Redundancy (%)
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.TP
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.B -c<n>
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Recovery block count (don't use both -r and -c)
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.TP
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.B -f<n>
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First Recovery-Block-Number
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.TP
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.B -u
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Uniform recovery file sizes
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.TP
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.B -l
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Limit size of recovery files (Don't use both -u and -l)
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.TP
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.B -n<n>
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Number of recovery files (Don't use both -n and -l)
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.TP
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.B -m<n>
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Memory (in MB) to use
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.TP
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.B -v [-v]
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Be more verbose
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.TP
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.B -q [-q]
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Be more quiet (-qq gives silence)
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.TP
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.B --
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Treat all remaining CommandLine as filenames
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.TP
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.BR
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.SH EXAMPLES
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With PAR 2.0 you can create PAR2 recovery files for as few as 1 or as many as
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32768 files. If you wanted to create PAR1 recovery files for a single file
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you are forced to split the file into muliple parts and RAR is frequently
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used for this purpose. You do NOT need to split files with PAR 2.0.
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To create PAR 2 recovery files for a single data file (e.g. one called
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test.mpg), you can use the following command:
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par2 create test.mpg
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If test.mpg is an 800 MB file, then this will create a total of 8 PAR2 files
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with the following filenames (taking roughly 6 minutes on a PC with a
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1500MHz CPU):
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test.mpg.par2 - This is an index file for verification only
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test.mpg.vol00+01.par2 - Recovery file with 1 recovery block
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test.mpg.vol01+02.par2 - Recovery file with 2 recovery blocks
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test.mpg.vol03+04.par2 - Recovery file with 4 recovery blocks
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test.mpg.vol07+08.par2 - Recovery file with 8 recovery blocks
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test.mpg.vol15+16.par2 - Recovery file with 16 recovery blocks
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test.mpg.vol31+32.par2 - Recovery file with 32 recovery blocks
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test.mpg.vol63+37.par2 - Recovery file with 37 recovery blocks
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The test.mpg.par2 file is 39 KB in size and the other files vary in size from
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443 KB to 15 MB.
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These par2 files will enable the recovery of up to 100 errors totalling 40 MB
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of lost or damaged data from the original test.mpg file when it and the par2
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files are posted on UseNet.
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When posting on UseNet it is recommended that you use the "-s" option to set
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a blocksize that is equal to the Article size that you will use to post the
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data file. If you wanted to post the test.mpg file using an article size
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of 300 KB then the command you would type is:
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par2 create -s307200 test.mpg
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This will create 9 PAR2 files instead of 8, and they will be capable of
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correcting up to 134 errors totalling 40 MB. It will take roughly 8 minutes
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to create the recovery files this time.
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In both of these two examples, the total quantity of recovery data created
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was 40 MB (which is 5% of 800 MB). If you wish to create a greater or lesser
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quantity of recovery data, you can use the "-r" option.
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To create 10% recovery data instead of the default of 5% and also to use a
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block size of 300 KB, you would use the following command:
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par2 create -s307200 -r10 test.mpg
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This would also create 9 PAR2 files, but they would be able to correct up to
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269 errors totalling 80 MB. Since twice as much recovery data is created, it
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will take about 16 minutes to do so with a 1500MHz CPU.
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The "-u" and "-n" options can be used to control exactly how many recovery
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files are created and how the recovery blocks are distributed amoungst them.
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They do not affect the total quantity of recovery data created.
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The "-f" option is used when you create additional recovery data.
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e.g. If you have already created 10% and want another 5% then you migh use
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the following command:
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par2 create -s307200 -r5 -f300 test.mpg
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This specifies the same block size (which is a requirement for additional
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recovery files), 5% recovery data, and a first block number of 300.
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The "-m" option controls how much memory par2 uses. It defaults to
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16 MB unless you override it.
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CREATING PAR2 FILES FOR MULTIPLE DATA FILES
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When creating PAR2 recovery files form multiple data files, you must specify
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the base filename to use for the par2 files and the names of all of the data
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files.
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If test.mpg had been split into multiple RAR files, then you could use:
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par2 create test.mpg.rar.par2 test.mpg.part*.rar
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The files filename "test.mpg.rar.par2" says what you want the par2 files to
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be called and "test.mpg.part*.rar" should select all of the RAR files.
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VERIFYING AND REPAIRING
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When using par2 recovery files to verify or repair the data files from
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which they were created, you only need to specify the filename of one
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of the par2 files to par2.
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e.g.:
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par2 verify test.mpg.par2
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This tells par2 to use the information in test.mpg.par2 to verify the
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data files.
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par2 will automatically search for the other par2 files that were
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created and use the information they contain to determine the filenames
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of the original data files and then to verify them.
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If all of the data files are ok, then par2 will report that repair
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will not be required.
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If any of the data files are missing or damaged, par2 will report
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the details of what it has found. If the recovery files contain enough
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recovery blocks to repair the damage, you will be told that repair is
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possible. Otherwise you will be told exactly how many recovery blocks
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will be required in order to repair.
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To carry out a repair use the following command:
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par2 repair test.mpg.par2
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This tells par2 to verify and if possible repair any damaged or
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missing files. If a repair is carried out, then each file which is
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repaired will be re-verified to confirm that the repair was successful.
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MISSNAMED AND INCOMPLETE DATA FILES
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If any of the recovery files or data files have the wrong filename, then
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par2 will not automatically find and scan them.
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To have par2 scan such files, you must include them on the command
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line when attempting to verify or repair.
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e.g.:
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par2 r test.mpg.par2 other.mpg
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This tells par2 to scan the file called other.mpg to see if it
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contains any data belonging to the original data files.
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If one of the extra files specified in this way is an exact match
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for a data file, then the repair process will rename the file so that
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it has the correct filename.
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Because par2 is designed to be able to find good data within a
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damaged file, it can do the same with incomplete files downloaded from
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UseNet. If some of the articles for a file are missing, you should still
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download the file and save it to disk for par2 to scan. If you
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do this then you may find that you can carry out a repair in a situation
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where you would not otherwise have sufficient recovery data.
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You can have par2 scan all files that are in the current directory
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using a command such as:
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par2 r test.mpg.par2 *
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WHAT TO DO WHEN YOU ARE TOLD YOU NEED MORE RECOVERY BLOCKS
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If par2 determines that any of the data files are damaged or
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missing and finds that there is insufficient recovery data to effect
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a repair, you will be told that you need a certain number of recovery
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blocks. You can obtain these by downloading additional recovery files.
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In order to make things easy, par2 files have filenames that tell you
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exactly how many recovery blocks each one contains.
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Assuming that the following command was used to create recovery data:
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par2 c -b1000 -r5 test.mpg
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Then the recovery files that are created would be called:
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test.mpg.par2
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test.mpg.vol00+01.par2
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test.mpg.vol01+02.par2
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test.mpg.vol03+04.par2
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test.mpg.vol07+08.par2
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test.mpg.vol15+16.par2
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test.mpg.vol31+19.par2
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The first file in this list does not contain any recovery data, it only
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contains information sufficient to verify the data files.
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Each of the other files contains a different number of recovery blocks.
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The number after the '+' sign is the number of recovery blocks and the
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number preceding the '+' sign is the block number of the first recovery
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block in that file.
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If par2 told you that you needed 10 recovery blocks, then you would
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need "test.mpg.vol01+02.par2" and "test.mpg.vol07+08.par". You might of course
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choose to fetch "test.mpg.vol15+16.par2" instead (in which case you would have
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an extra 6 recovery blocks which would not be used for the repair).
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.SH NOTES
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This version of par2 does not support recording path information for
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files. Whilst you can create recovery files for files from multiple locations,
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it will expect all files to be in the current directory when verifying and
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repairing. This limitation will be corrected in an update.
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.SH REED SOLOMON CODING
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PAR2 uses Reed Solomon Coding to perform its calculations. For details of this
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coding technique try the following link:
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``A Tutorial on Reed-Solomon Coding for Fault-Tolerance in RAID-like Systems''
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<http://www.cs.utk.edu/~plank/plank/papers/CS-96-332.html>
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.SH AUTHOR
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.br
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.B par2
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was written by Peter Brian Clements <peterbclements@users.sourceforge.net>.
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This man page was contributed by Andres Salomon <dilinger@voxel.net>
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for the Debian GNU/Linux system (but may be used by others).
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