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380 lines
12 KiB
Text
380 lines
12 KiB
Text
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Format for StarDict dictionary files
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------------------------------------
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StarDict homepage: http://stardict.sourceforge.net
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{0}. Number and Byte-order Conventions
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When you record the numbers that identify sizes, offsets, etc., you
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should use 32-bit numbers, such as you might represent with a glong.
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In order to make StarDict work on different platforms, these numbers
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must be in network byte order. You can ensure the correct byte order
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by using the g_htonl() function when creating dictionary files.
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Conversely, you should use g_ntohl() when reading dictionary files.
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Strings should be encoded in UTF-8.
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{1}. Files
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Every dictionary consists of three files:
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(1). somedict.ifo
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(2). somedict.idx or somedict.idx.gz
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(3). somedict.dict or somedict.dict.dz
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You can use gzip -9 to compress the .idx file. If the .idx file are not
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compressed, the loading can be fast and save memory when using, compress it
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will make the .idx file load into memory and make the quering fast when using.
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You can use dictzip to compress the .dict file.
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"dictzip" uses the same compression algorithm and file format as does gzip,
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but provides a table that can be used to randomly access compressed blocks
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in the file. The use of 50-64kB blocks for compression typically degrades
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compression by less than 10%, while maintaining acceptable random access
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capabilities for all data in the file. As an added benefit, files
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compressed with dictzip can be decompressed with gunzip.
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For more information about dictzip, refer to DICT project, please see:
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http://www.dict.org
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Stardict will search for the .ifo file, then open the .idx or
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.idx.gz file and the .dict.dz or .dict file which is in the same directory and
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has the same base name.
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{2}. The ".ifo" file's format.
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The .ifo file has the following format:
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StarDict's dict ifo file
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version=2.4.2
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[options]
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Note that the current "version" string must be "2.4.2". If it's not,
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then StarDict will refuse to read the file.
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[options]
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---------
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In the example above, [options] expands to any of the following lines
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specifying information about the dictionary. Each option is a keyword
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followed by an equal sign, then the value of that option, then a
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newline. The options may be appear in any order.
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Note that the dictionary must have at least a bookname, a wordcount and a
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idxfilesize, or the load will fail. All other information is optional. All
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strings should be encoded in UTF-8.
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Available options:
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bookname= // required
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wordcount= // required
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idxfilesize= // required
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author=
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email=
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website=
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description=
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date=
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sametypesequence= // very important.
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wordcount is the count of word entries in .idx file, it must be right.
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idxfilesize is the size(in bytes) of the .idx file, even the .idx is compressed
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to a .idx.gz file, this entry must record the original .idx file's size, and it
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must be right too. The .gz file don't contain its original size information,
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but knowing the original size can speed up the extraction to memory, as you
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don't need to call realloc() for many times.
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The "sametypesequence" option is described in further detail below.
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***
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sametypesequence
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You should first familiarize yourself with the .dict file format
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described in the next section so that you can understand what effect
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this option has on the .dict file.
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If the sametypesequence option is set, it tells StarDict that each
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word's data in the .dict file will have the same sequence of datatypes.
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In this case, we expect a .dict file that's been optimized in two
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ways: the type identifiers should be omitted, and the size marker for
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the last data entry of each word should be omitted.
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Let's consider some concrete examples of the sametypesequence option.
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Suppose that a dictionary records many .wav files, and so sets:
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sametypesequence=W
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In this case, each word's entry in the .dict file consists solely of a
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wav file. In the .dict file, you would leave out the 'W' character
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before each entry, and you would also omit the 32-bit integer at the
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front of each .wav entry that would normally give the entry's length.
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You can do this since the length is known from the information in the
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idx file.
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As another example, suppose a dictionary contains phonetic information
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and a meaning for each word. The sametypesequence option for this
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dictionary would be:
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sametypesequence=tm
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Once again, you can omit the 't' and 'm' characters before each data
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entry in the .dict file. In addition, you should omit the terminating
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'\0' for the 'm' entry for each word in the .dict file, as the length
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of the meaning string can be inferred from the length of the phonetic
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string (still indicated by a terminating '\0') and the length of the
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entire word entry (listed in the .idx file).
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So for cases where the last data entry for each word normally requires
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a terminating '\0' character, you should omit this character in the
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dict file. And for cases where the last data entry for each word
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normally requires an initial 32-bit number giving the length of the
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field (such as WAV and PNG entries), you must omit this number in the
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dictionary.
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Every dictionary should try to use the sametypesequence feature to
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save disk space.
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***
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{3}. The ".idx" file's format.
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The .idx file is just a word list.
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The word list is a sorted list of word entries.
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Each entry in the word list contains three fields, one after the other:
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word_str; // a utf-8 string terminated by '\0'.
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word_data_offset; // word data's offset in .dict file
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word_data_size; // word data's total size in .dict file
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word_str gives the string representing this word. It's the string
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that is "looked up" by the StarDict.
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word_data_offset and word_data_size should both be 32-bit numbers in
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network byte order.
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No two entries should have the same "word_str". In other words,
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(strcmp(s1, s2) != 0).
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The length of "word_str" should be less than 256. In other words,
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(strlen(word) < 256).
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The word list must be sorted by calling stardict_strcmp() on the "word_str"
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fields. If the word list order is wrong, StarDict will fail to function
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correctly!
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============
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gint stardict_strcmp(const gchar *s1, const gchar *s2)
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{
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gint a;
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a = g_ascii_strcasecmp(s1, s2);
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if (a == 0)
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return strcmp(s1, s2);
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else
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return a;
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}
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============
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g_ascii_strcasecmp() is a glib function:
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Unlike the BSD strcasecmp() function, this only recognizes standard
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ASCII letters and ignores the locale, treating all non-ASCII characters
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as if they are not letters.
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stardict_strcmp() works fine with English characters, but the other
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locale characters' sorting is not so good. There should be a _strcmp
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function which handles the utf-8 string sorting better. If you know
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one, email me :)
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g_utf8_collate()? This is a locale-dependent funcition. So if you look
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up Chinese characters while in the Chinese locale, it works fine. But
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if you are in some other locale then the lookup will fail, as the
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order is not the same as in the Chinese locale (which was used when
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creating the dictionary).
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g_utf8_to_ucs4() then do comparing? This sounds like a good solution, but..
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The complete solution can be found in "Unicode Technical Standard #10: Unicode
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Collation Algorithm", http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr10/
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I hope glib will provide a locale-independent g_utf8_collate() soon.
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http://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=112798
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{4}. The ".dict" file's format.
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The .dict file is a pure data sequence, as the offset and size of each
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word is recorded in the corresponding .idx file.
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If the "sametypesequence" option is not used in the .ifo file, then
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the .dict file has fields in the following order:
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==============
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word_1_data_1_type; // a single char identifying the data type
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word_1_data_1_data; // the data
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word_1_data_2_type;
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word_1_data_2_data;
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...... // the number of data entries for each word is determined by
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// word_data_size in .idx file
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word_2_data_1_type;
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word_2_data_1_data;
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......
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==============
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It's important to note that each field in each word indicates its
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own length, as described below. The number of possible fields per
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word is also not fixed, and is determined by simply reading data until
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you've read word_data_size bytes for that word.
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Suppose the "sametypesequence" option is used in the .idx file, and
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the option is set like this:
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sametypesequence=tm
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Then the .dict file will look like this:
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==============
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word_1_data_1_data
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word_1_data_2_data
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word_2_data_1_data
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word_2_data_2_data
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......
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==============
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The first data entry for each word will have a terminating '\0', but
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the second entry will not have a terminating '\0'. The omissions of
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the type chars and of the last field's size information are the
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optimizations required by the "sametypesequence" option described
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above.
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Type identifiers
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----------------
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Here are the single-character type identifiers that may be used with
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the "sametypesequence" option in the .idx file, or may appear in the
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dict file itself if the "sametypesequence" option is not used.
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Lower-case characters signify that a field's size is determined by a
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terminating '\0', while upper-case characters indicate that the data
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begins with a 32-bit integer that gives the length of the data field.
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'm'
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Word's pure text meaning.
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The data should be a utf-8 string ending with '\0'.
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'l'
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Word's pure text meaning.
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The data is NOT a utf-8 string, but is instead a string in locale
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encoding, ending with '\0'. Sometimes using this type will save disk
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space, but its use is discouraged.
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'g'
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A utf-8 string which is marked up with the Pango text markup language.
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For more information about this markup language, See the "Pango
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Reference Manual."
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You might have it installed locally at:
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file:///usr/share/gtk-doc/html/pango/PangoMarkupFormat.html
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't'
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English phonetic string.
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The data should be a utf-8 string ending with '\0'.
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Here are some utf-8 phonetic characters:
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θʃŋʧðʒæıʌʊɒɛəɑɜɔˌˈːˑ
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æɑɒʌәєŋvθðʃʒːɡˏˊˋ
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'y'
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Chinese YinBiao.
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The data should be a utf-8 string ending with '\0'.
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'W'
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wav file.
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The data begins with a network byte-ordered glong to identify the wav
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file's size, immediately followed by the file's content.
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'P'
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png file.
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The data begins with a network byte-ordered glong to identify the png
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file's size, immediately followed by the file's content.
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'X'
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this type identifier is reserved for experimental extensions.
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{5}. Tree Dictionary
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The tree dictionary support is used for information viewing, etc.
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A tree dictionary contains three file: sometreedict.ifo, sometreedict.tdx.gz
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and sometreedict.dict.dz.
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It is better to compress the .tdx file, as it is always load into memory.
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The .ifo file has the following format:
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StarDict's treedict ifo file
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version=2.4.2
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[options]
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Available options:
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bookname= // required
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tdxfilesize= // required
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wordcount=
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author=
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email=
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website=
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description=
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date=
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sametypesequence=
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wordcount is only used for info view in the dict manage dialog, so it is not
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important in tree dictionary.
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The .tdx file is just the word list.
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-----------
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The word list is a tree list of word entries.
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Each entry in the word list contains four fields, one after the other:
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word_str; // a utf-8 string terminated by '\0'.
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word_data_offset; // word data's offset in .dict file
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word_data_size; // word data's total size in .dict file. it can be 0.
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word_subentry_count; //have many sub word this entry has, 0 means none.
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Subentry is immidiately followed by its parent entry. This make the order is
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just as when a tree list with all its nodes extended, then sort from top to
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bottom.
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The .dict file's format is the same as the normal dictionary.
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{6}. More information.
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You can read "src/lib.cpp", "src/dictmanagedlg.cpp" and
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"src/tools/*.cpp" for more information.
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If you have any questions, email me. :)
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Thanks to Will Robinson <wsr23@stanford.edu> for cleaning up this file's
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English.
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Hu Zheng <huzheng_001@163.com>
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http://forlinux.yeah.net
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2003.11.11
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