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401
MANUAL.md
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@ -1,30 +1,24 @@
# **rpn** - reference manual
**rpn**
- is a structured full-featured **math-oriented language** inspired by Hewlett-Packard **R**everse **P**olish **L**isp (**HP28S** and **HP48GX** user manuals are provided as references), including **real**, **complex**, **stack**, **store**, **branch**, **program**, **test**, **trig** and **logs** commands and more to come
- is implemented as a **command-line calculator** for most popular Linux distributions
- is a structured full-featured **math-oriented language** inspired by Hewlett-Packard **R**everse **P**olish **L**isp (**HP28S** and **HP48GX** user manuals are provided as references), including **real**, **complex**, **stack**, **store**, **branch**, **program**, **test**, **trig** and **logs** commands and more to come,
- is implemented as a **command-line calculator**,
- brings powerfull calculation facilities on floating point numbers with __arbitrary precision__ provided by **GNU MP** and **GNU MPFR** libraries
- uses that so cool **reverse polish notation**
- uses that so cool **reverse polish notation**.
## Doc overview
This page gives some examples and lists the commands currently implemented.
For a most complete help, please refer to HP28S and HP48GX manuals provided in the sources
For a most complete help, please refer to HP28S and HP48GX manuals provided in the sources.
A help command is provided by rpn:
```
```rpn
rpn> help
rpn v2.4.0, (c) 2022 <louis@rubet.fr>, GNU LGPL v3
Reverse Polish Notation language
using GMP v6.1.2 under GNU LGPL
MPFR v4.0.1 under GNU LGPL
and linenoise-ng v1.0.0 under BSD
rpn v2.4.0, (c) 2022 <louis@rubet.fr>
Reverse Polish Notation CLI calculator
Syntax: rpn [command]
with optional command = list of commands
@ -37,8 +31,9 @@ help this help message
## Quick examples
### easy calculation with **stacked results**
```
### Easy calculation with **stacked results**
```rpn
rpn> 1 2 +
3
rpn> 2 sqrt
@ -46,9 +41,9 @@ rpn> 2 sqrt
1> 1.4142135623730950488016887242096980786
```
### **programs** and **variables**
### **Programs** and **variables**
```
```rpn
rpn> << rot * swap 2 / neg dup sq rot - sqrt >> 'quadratic_solution' sto
rpn> 1 2 -3 quadratic_solution
2> -1
@ -57,17 +52,19 @@ rpn> vars
var 1: name 'quadratic_solution', type program, value << rot * swap 2 / chs dup sq rot - sqrt >>
```
### **local variables**
```
### **Local variables**
```rpn
rpn> << -> x y << x y + ln >> >> 'P' sto
rpn> 1 2 P
rpn> 1.0986122886681096913952452369225257046
```
### **arbitrary precision**
### **Arbitrary precision**
The number of significant digits can be very large thanks to GNU MPFR
```
```rpn
rpn> 256 prec
rpn> pi
3.1415926535897932384626433832795028841971693993751058209749445923078164062862
@ -76,10 +73,11 @@ rpn> erase 10000 prec pi
rpn>
```
### object types
### Object types
The following objects are managed: **floating numbers**, **complexes**, **symbols**, **strings**, **programs**, plus language **keywords** (commands and flow controls).
```
```rpn
5> 12.3456
4> (1,-2.33)
3> 'symbol'
@ -106,9 +104,9 @@ Autocompletion works like those in Linux shells, with keys \<tab\>, Ctrl-R \<sea
- Arbitrary base numbers are entered as `<base>b<number>`.
- Representation can be individualy changed with keywords `dec`, `bin`, `hex` and `<n> base`.
ex:
```
```rpn
rpn> 5.6 0xaabb 0b1101 7b1252
4> 5.6
3> 0xaabb
@ -124,202 +122,203 @@ rpn> 7b1252 dec
### general
| keyword | description |
|-|-|
|`nop` | no operation
|`help` `h` `?` | this help message
|`quit` `q` `exit` | quit software
|`version` | show rpn version
|`uname` | show rpn complete identification string
|`history`| see commands history
|-------------------|-----------------------------------------|
| `nop` | no operation |
| `help` `h` `?` | this help message |
| `quit` `q` `exit` | quit software |
| `version` | show rpn version |
| `uname` | show rpn complete identification string |
| `history` | see commands history |
### usual operations - real and complex
| keyword | description |
|-|-|
|`+`| addition
|`-`| substraction
|`neg` `chs`| negation
|`*`| multiplication
|`/`| division
|`inv`| inverse
|`^` `pow`| power
|`sqrt`| square root
|`sq` `sqr`| square
|`abs`| absolute value for a number or `sqrt(re*re+im*im)` for a complex
|`dec`| decimal representation
|`hex`| hexadecimal representation
|`bin`| binary representation
|`base`| arbitrary base representation
|`sign`| sign of a real, unary vector in the same direction for a complex
|-------------|------------------------------------------------------------------|
| `+` | addition |
| `-` | substraction |
| `neg` `chs` | negation |
| `*` | multiplication |
| `/` | division |
| `inv` | inverse |
| `^` `pow` | power |
| `sqrt` | square root |
| `sq` `sqr` | square |
| `abs` | absolute value for a number or `sqrt(re*re+im*im)` for a complex |
| `dec` | decimal representation |
| `hex` | hexadecimal representation |
| `bin` | binary representation |
| `base` | arbitrary base representation |
| `sign` | sign of a real, unary vector in the same direction for a complex |
### operations on reals
| keyword | description |
|-|-|
|`%`| purcent
|`%CH`| inverse purcent
|`mod`| modulo
|`fact`| n! for integer n or Gamma(x+1) for fractional x
|`mant`| mantissa of a real number
|`xpon`| exponant of a real number
|`floor`| largest number <=
|`ceil`| smallest number >=
|`ip`| integer part
|`fp`| fractional part
|`min`| min of 2 real numbers
|`max`| max of 2 real numbers
|---------|-------------------------------------------------|
| `%` | purcent |
| `%CH` | inverse purcent |
| `mod` | modulo |
| `fact` | n! for integer n or Gamma(x+1) for fractional x |
| `mant` | mantissa of a real number |
| `xpon` | exponant of a real number |
| `floor` | largest number <= |
| `ceil` | smallest number >= |
| `ip` | integer part |
| `fp` | fractional part |
| `min` | min of 2 real numbers |
| `max` | max of 2 real numbers |
### operations on complexes
| keyword | description |
|-|-|
|`re`| complex real part
|`im`| complex imaginary part
|`conj`| complex conjugate
|`arg`| complex argument in radians
|`r->p`| rectangular to polar coordinates
|`p->r`| polar to rectangular coordinates
|`r->c`| transform 2 reals in a complex
|`c->r`| transform a complex in 2 reals
|---------|----------------------------------|
| `re` | complex real part |
| `im` | complex imaginary part |
| `conj` | complex conjugate |
| `arg` | complex argument in radians |
| `r->p` | rectangular to polar coordinates |
| `p->r` | polar to rectangular coordinates |
| `r->c` | transform 2 reals in a complex |
| `c->r` | transform a complex in 2 reals |
### mode
| keyword | description |
|-|-|
|`std`| standard floating numbers representation. ex: `std`
|`fix`| fixed point representation. ex: `6 fix`
|`sci`| scientific floating point representation. ex: `20 sci`
|`prec`| set float precision in bits. ex: `256 prec`
|`round`| set float rounding mode. Authorized values are: `"nearest"` `"toward zero"` `"toward +inf"` `"toward -inf"` `"away from zero"`. ex: `"nearest" round`
|`default` | set float representation and precision to default
|`type` | show type of stack first entry
|-----------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| `std` | standard floating numbers representation. ex: `std` |
| `fix` | fixed point representation. ex: `6 fix` |
| `sci` | scientific floating point representation. ex: `20 sci` |
| `prec` | set float precision in bits. ex: `256 prec` |
| `round` | set float rounding mode. Authorized values are: |
| | `"nearest (even)", "toward zero", "toward +inf", "toward -inf", "away from zero", "faithful rounding", "nearest (away from zero)"` |
| `default` | set float representation and precision to default |
| `type` | show type of stack first entry |
### test
| keyword | description |
|-|-|
|`>`| binary operator >
|`>=`| binary operator >=
|`<`| binary operator <
|`<=`| binary operator <=
|`!=`| binary operator != (different)
|`==`| binary operator == (equal)
|`and`| boolean operator and
|`or`| boolean operator or
|`xor`| boolean operator xor
|`not`| boolean operator not
|`same`| boolean operator same (equal)
|---------|--------------------------------|
| `>` | binary operator > |
| `>=` | binary operator >= |
| `<` | binary operator < |
| `<=` | binary operator <= |
| `!=` | binary operator != (different) |
| `==` | binary operator == (equal) |
| `and` | boolean operator and |
| `or` | boolean operator or |
| `xor` | boolean operator xor |
| `not` | boolean operator not |
| `same` | boolean operator same (equal) |
### stack
| keyword | description |
|-|-|
|`swap`| swap 2 first stack entries
|`drop`| drop first stack entry
|`drop2`| drop 2 first stack entries
|`dropn`| drop n first stack entries
|`del` `erase`| drop all stack entries
|`rot`| rotate 3 first stack entries
|`dup`| duplicate first stack entry
|`dup2`| duplicate 2 first stack entries
|`dupn`| duplicate n first stack entries
|`pick`| push a copy of the given stack level onto the stack
|`depth`| give stack depth
|`roll`| move a stack entry to the top of the stack
|`rolld`| move the element on top of the stack to a higher stack position
|`over`| push a copy of the element in stack level 2 onto the stack
|---------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------|
| `swap` | swap 2 first stack entries |
| `drop` | drop first stack entry |
| `drop2` | drop 2 first stack entries |
| `dropn` | drop n first stack entries |
| `del` `erase` | drop all stack entries |
| `rot` | rotate 3 first stack entries |
| `dup` | duplicate first stack entry |
| `dup2` | duplicate 2 first stack entries |
| `dupn` | duplicate n first stack entries |
| `pick` | push a copy of the given stack level onto the stack |
| `depth` | give stack depth |
| `roll` | move a stack entry to the top of the stack |
| `rolld` | move the element on top of the stack to a higher stack position |
| `over` | push a copy of the element in stack level 2 onto the stack |
### string
| keyword | description |
|-|-|
|`->str`| convert an object into a string
|`str->`| convert a string into an object
|`chr`| convert ASCII character code in stack level 1 into a string
|`num`| return ASCII code of the first character of the string in stack level 1 as a real number
|`size`| return the length of the string
|`pos`| seach for the string in level 1 within the string in level 2
|`sub`| return a substring of the string in level 3
|---------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| `->str` | convert an object into a string |
| `str->` | convert a string into an object |
| `chr` | convert ASCII character code in stack level 1 into a string |
| `num` | return ASCII code of the first character of the string in stack level 1 as a real number |
| `size` | return the length of the string |
| `pos` | seach for the string in level 1 within the string in level 2 |
| `sub` | return a substring of the string in level 3 |
### branch
| keyword | description |
|-|-|
|`if`| `(test-instruction) if then (true-instructions) else (false-instructions) end`
|`then`| used with if
|`else`| used with if
|`end`| used with various branch instructions
|`ift`| similar to if-then-end: `(test-instruction) (true-instruction) ift`
|`ifte`| similar to if-then-else-end: `(test-instruction) (true-instruction) (false-instruction) ifte`
|`start`| `(start) (end) start (instructions) [next,(step) step]`. ex: `10 20 30 1 2 start + next`
|`for`| `(start) (end) for (variable) (instructions) [next,(step) step]`. ex: `1 2 for i i 'a' sto+ 0.1 step`
|`next`| used with start and for
|`step`| used with start and for
|`do`| `do (instructions) until (condition) end`
|`until` | used with do
|`while` | `while (test-instruction) repeat (loop-instructions) end`
|`repeat` | used with while
|----------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| `if` | `(test-instruction) if then (true-instructions) else (false-instructions) end` |
| `then` | used with if |
| `else` | used with if |
| `end` | used with various branch instructions |
| `ift` | similar to if-then-end: `(test-instruction) (true-instruction) ift` |
| `ifte` | similar to if-then-else-end: `(test-instruction) (true-instruction) (false-instruction) ifte` |
| `start` | `(start) (end) start (instructions) [next,(step) step]`. ex: `10 20 30 1 2 start + next` |
| `for` | `(start) (end) for (variable) (instructions) [next,(step) step]`. ex: `1 2 for i i 'a' sto+ 0.1 step` |
| `next` | used with start and for |
| `step` | used with start and for |
| `do` | `do (instructions) until (condition) end` |
| `until` | used with do |
| `while` | `while (test-instruction) repeat (loop-instructions) end` |
| `repeat` | used with while |
### store
| keyword | description |
|-|-|
|`sto`| store a variable. ex: ```1 'name' sto```
|`rcl`| recall a variable. ex: ```'name' rcl```
|`purge`| delete a variable. ex: ```'name' purge```
|`vars`| list all variables
|`clusr`| erase all variables
|`edit`| edit a variable content
|`sto+`| add to a stored variable. ex: 1 'name' sto+ 'name' 2 sto+
|`sto-`| substract to a stored variable. ex: 1 'name' sto- 'name' 2 sto-
|`sto*`| multiply a stored variable. ex: 3 'name' sto* 'name' 2 sto*
|`sto/`| divide a stored variable. ex: 3 'name' sto/ 'name' 2 sto/
|`sneg`| negate a variable. ex: 'name' sneg
|`sinv`| inverse a variable. ex: 1 'name' sinv
|---------|-----------------------------------------------------------------|
| `sto` | store a variable. ex: ```1 'name' sto``` |
| `rcl` | recall a variable. ex: ```'name' rcl``` |
| `purge` | delete a variable. ex: ```'name' purge``` |
| `vars` | list all variables |
| `clusr` | erase all variables |
| `edit` | edit a variable content |
| `sto+` | add to a stored variable. ex: 1 'name' sto+ 'name' 2 sto+ |
| `sto-` | substract to a stored variable. ex: 1 'name' sto- 'name' 2 sto- |
| `sto*` | multiply a stored variable. ex: 3 'name' sto* 'name' 2 sto* |
| `sto/` | divide a stored variable. ex: 3 'name' sto/ 'name' 2 sto/ |
| `sneg` | negate a variable. ex: 'name' sneg |
| `sinv` | inverse a variable. ex: 1 'name' sinv |
### program
| keyword | description |
|-|-|
|`eval`| evaluate (run) a program, or recall a variable. ex: `'my_prog' eval`
|`->`| load program local variables. ex: `<< -> n m << 0 n m for i i + next >> >>`
|---------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| `eval` | evaluate (run) a program, or recall a variable. ex: `'my_prog' eval` |
| `->` | load program local variables. ex: `<< -> n m << 0 n m for i i + next >> >>` |
### trig on reals and complexes
| keyword | description |
|-|-|
|`pi`| pi constant
|`sin`| sinus
|`asin`| arg sinus
|`cos`| cosinus
|`acos`| arg cosinus
|`tan`| tangent
|`atan`| arg tangent
|`d->r`| convert degrees to radians
|`r->d`| convert radians to degrees
|---------|----------------------------|
| `pi` | pi constant |
| `sin` | sinus |
| `asin` | arg sinus |
| `cos` | cosinus |
| `acos` | arg cosinus |
| `tan` | tangent |
| `atan` | arg tangent |
| `d->r` | convert degrees to radians |
| `r->d` | convert radians to degrees |
### logs on reals and complexes
| keyword | description |
|-|-|
|`e`| Euler constant
|`ln` `log`| logarithm base e
|`lnp1`| ln(1+x) which is useful when x is close to 0
|`exp`| exponential
|`expm`| exp(x)-1 which is useful when x is close to 0
|`log10`| logarithm base 10
|`alog10` `exp10`| exponential base 10
|`log2`| logarithm base 2
|`alog2` `exp2`| exponential base 2
|`sinh`| hyperbolic sine
|`asinh`| inverse hyperbolic sine
|`cosh`| hyperbolic cosine
|`acosh`| inverse hyperbolic cosine
|`tanh`| hyperbolic tangent
|`atanh`| inverse hyperbolic tangent
|`time`| time in format HH.MMSSssssss
|`date`| date in format (M)M.DDYYYY
|`ticks`| system tick in µs
|------------------|-----------------------------------------------|
| `e` | Euler constant |
| `ln` `log` | logarithm base e |
| `lnp1` | ln(1+x) which is useful when x is close to 0 |
| `exp` | exponential |
| `expm` | exp(x)-1 which is useful when x is close to 0 |
| `log10` | logarithm base 10 |
| `alog10` `exp10` | exponential base 10 |
| `log2` | logarithm base 2 |
| `alog2` `exp2` | exponential base 2 |
| `sinh` | hyperbolic sine |
| `asinh` | inverse hyperbolic sine |
| `cosh` | hyperbolic cosine |
| `acosh` | inverse hyperbolic cosine |
| `tanh` | hyperbolic tangent |
| `atanh` | inverse hyperbolic tangent |
| `time` | time in format HH.MMSSssssss |
| `date` | date in format (M)M.DDYYYY |
| `ticks` | system tick in µs |
### default
@ -331,46 +330,58 @@ Default rounding mode is 'nearest'
## Tests
- A set of complete test sheets are given in the [test](https://github.com/louisrubet/rpn/tree/master/test) subdirectory. Each version is fully tested before delivery
- A set of complete test sheets are given in the [test](https://github.com/louisrubet/rpn/tree/master/test) subdirectory.
- All tests are run each at each pull on a pull request branch. Memory tests (`valgrind`) are also executed on each tests.
- Test sheets syntax is
```
# cat my_test_sheet.txt
```shell
cat my_test_sheet.md
## Test sheet example
default erase
# Test sheet example
`default del`
## test step 1
`1 dup 1 +`
# test step 1
1 dup 1 +
-> stack size should be 2
-> stack should be 1, 2
-> error should be 0
erase
# test step 2
2 4 / 0.5 ==
-> stack should be 1, 2
-> error should be 0
`del`
## test step 2
`2 4 / 0.5 ==`
-> stack should be 1
erase
`del`
```
- Test sheet can be played with the command `test`
```
rpn> "my_test_sheet.txt"
"my_test_sheet.txt"
rpn> test
```rpn
rpn> "my_test_sheet.md" test
rpn version is v2.3.2-68-g60099e3
my_test_sheet.md: Test sheet example
## test step 1 PASSED
## test step 2 PASSED
run 2 tests: 2 passed, 0 failed (4 steps: 4 passed, 0 failed)
my_test_sheet.txt: Test sheet example
# test step 1 PASSED
# test step 2 PASSED
my_test_sheet.txt: run 2 tests: 2 passed, 0 failed (4 steps: 4 passed, 0 failed)
Total: run 2 tests: 2 passed, 0 failed (4 steps: 4 passed, 0 failed)
rpn>
```
- Please follow these rules to write correct test sheets:
- make the test sheet begins by `default erase`
- make the test sheet begins by `default del`
- the 3 existing tests are `-> stack size should be (number)` `-> stack should be (values separated by commas)` `-> error should be (error number)`

4
README.md
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@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
# **rpn** - **R**everse **P**olish **N**otation CLI calculator [![License: LGPLv3](https://www.gnu.org/graphics/lgplv3-88x31.png)](https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.en.html)
A math functional language using reverse polish notation.
### A math functional language using reverse polish notation
```rpn
@ -42,7 +40,7 @@ rpn> pi
rpn>
```
### Variables, strings, structured programming
### Variables, structured programming
```rpn
rpn> « rot * swap 2 / chs dup sq rot - sqrt » 'quad' sto

6
src/program.cc
View file

@ -69,9 +69,9 @@ vector<program::keyword_t> program::keywords_{
{kKeyword, "sci", &program::RpnSci, "scientific floating point representation. ex: 20 sci"},
{kKeyword, "prec", &program::RpnPrecision, "set float precision in bits. ex: 256 prec"},
{kKeyword, "round", &program::RpnRound,
"set float rounding mode.\n\tex: [\"nearest (even)\", \"toward zero\", \"toward "
"+inf\", \"toward -inf\", \"away from zero\", \"faithful rounding\", \"nearest (away from zero)\"] round"},
"set float rounding mode in \n\t\"nearest (even)\", \"toward zero\", \"toward "
"+inf\", \"toward -inf\", \"away from zero\", \"faithful rounding\", \"nearest (away from zero)\""
"\n\tex: \"nearest (even)\" round"},
{kKeyword, "default", &program::RpnDefault, "set float representation and precision to default"},
{kKeyword, "type", &program::RpnType, "show type of stack first entry"},
{kKeyword, "hex", &program::RpnHex, "hexadecimal representation, applies on stack level 0 only"},