mirror of
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This allowed me to standardize the sourcetar and sf/* scripts: the base
directory (containing ./git) is now empty, except for maintenance scripts,
while the source files and build scripts of the annotations are stored in
a subdirectory of their own.
19 lines
1.1 KiB
Text
19 lines
1.1 KiB
Text
The way information is written to streams (or, occasionally, read from
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streams) is controlled by emi(formatting flags).
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Formatting is used when it is necessary to, e.g., set the width of an output
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field or input buffer and to determine the form (e.g., the emi(radix)) in
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which values are displayed. Most formatting features belong to the realm of
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the tt(ios) class. Formatting is controlled by flags, defined by the tt(ios)
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class. These flags may be manipulated in two ways: using specialized
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member functions or using em(manipulators), which are directly inserted into
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or extracted from streams. There is no special reason for using either
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method; usually both methods are possible. In the following overview
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the various member functions are first introduced. Following this the flags
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and manipulators themselves are covered. Examples are provided showing how
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the flags can be manipulated and what their effects are.
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Many manipulators are parameterless and are available once a stream header
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file (e.g., tt(iostream)) has been included. Some manipulators require
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arguments. To use the latter manipulators the header file ti(iomanip) must be
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included.
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