Fixed #53, citing language learning.

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Amy J. Ko 2020-08-14 10:13:48 -07:00
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Others might rely on public forums, such as Stack Overflow, for explanations of API behavior (<a href="#mamykina">Mamykina et al. 2011</a>).
These social help seeking strategies are strongly mediated by a developers' willingness to express that they need help to more expert teammates.
Some research, for example, has found that junior developers are reluctant to ask for help out of fear of looking incompetent, even when everyone on a team is willing to offer help and their manager prefers that the developer prioritize productivity over fear of stigma (<a href="#begel">Begel and Simon, 2008</a>).
And then, of course, learning is just hard.
For example, one study investigated the challenges that developers face in learning new programming languages, finding that unlearning old habits, shifting to new language paradigms, learning new terminology, and adjusting to new tools all required materials that could bridge from their prior knowledge to the new language, but few such materials existed (<a href="#shrestha">Shrestha et al. 2020</a>).
These findings suggest the critical importance of teams ensuring that newcomers view them as psychologically safe places, where vulnerable actions like expressing a need for help will not be punished, ridiculed, or shamed, but rather validated, celebrated, and encouraged.
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<p id="ray">Baishakhi Ray, Daryl Posnett, Vladimir Filkov, and Premkumar Devanbu. 2014. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2635868.2635922" target="_blank">A large scale study of programming languages and code quality in GitHub</a>. In Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Foundations of Software Engineering (FSE 2014). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 155-165.</p>
<p id="roehm">Tobias Roehm, Rebecca Tiarks, Rainer Koschke, and Walid Maalej. 2012. <a href="http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2337254" target="_blank">How do professional developers comprehend software?</a> In Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE '12). IEEE Press, Piscataway, NJ, USA, 255-265.</p>
<p id="salvaneschi">Guido Salvaneschi, Sven Amann, Sebastian Proksch, and Mira Mezini. 2014. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/2635868.2635895" target="_blank">An empirical study on program comprehension with reactive programming</a>. In Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Foundations of Software Engineering (FSE 2014). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 564-575.</p>
<p id="shrestha">Shrestha, N., Botta, C., Barik, T., & Parnin, C. (2020, May). <a href="http://nischalshrestha.me/docs/cross_language_interference.pdf">Here We Go Again: Why Is It Difficult for Developers to Learn Another Programming Language?</a>. International Conference on Software Engineering.</p>
<p id="sillito">Jonathan Sillito, Gail C. Murphy, and Kris De Volder. 2006. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1181775.1181779" target="_blank">Questions programmers ask during software evolution tasks</a>. In Proceedings of the 14th ACM SIGSOFT international symposium on Foundations of software engineering (SIGSOFT '06/FSE-14). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 23-34.</p>
<p id="woodfield">S. N. Woodfield, H. E. Dunsmore, and V. Y. Shen. 1981. <a href="http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=802534" target="_blank">The effect of modularization and comments on program comprehension</a>. In Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Software engineering (ICSE '81). IEEE Press, Piscataway, NJ, USA, 215-223.</p>
<p id="stefik">Andreas Stefik and Susanna Siebert. 2013. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/2534973" target="_blank">An Empirical Investigation into Programming Language Syntax</a>. ACM Transactions on Computing Education 13, 4, Article 19 (November 2013), 40 pages.</p>