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Fixed #145, errant dashes

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Amy J. Ko 2021-01-27 07:25:40 -08:00
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chapters/productivity.md
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@ -15,14 +15,14 @@ Aside from individual and team factors, productivity is also influenced by the p
A different way to think about productivity is to consider it from a "waste" perspective, in which waste is defined as any activity that does not contribute to a product's value to users or customers. Sedano et al. investigated this view across two years and eight software development projects in a software development consultancy<sedano17>, contributing a taxonomy of waste: A different way to think about productivity is to consider it from a "waste" perspective, in which waste is defined as any activity that does not contribute to a product's value to users or customers. Sedano et al. investigated this view across two years and eight software development projects in a software development consultancy<sedano17>, contributing a taxonomy of waste:
* *Building the wrong feature or product*. The cost of building a feature or product that does not address user or business needs. * *Building the wrong feature or product*. The cost of building a feature or product that does not address user or business needs.
* *Mismanaging the backlog*. The cost of duplicating work, expediting lower value user features, or delaying nec- essary bug fixes. * *Mismanaging the backlog*. The cost of duplicating work, expediting lower value user features, or delaying necessary bug fixes.
* *Rework*. The cost of altering delivered work that should have been done correctly but was not. * *Rework*. The cost of altering delivered work that should have been done correctly but was not.
* *Unnecessarily complex solutions*. The cost of creating a more complicated solution than necessary, a missed opportu- nity to simplify features, user interface, or code. * *Unnecessarily complex solutions*. The cost of creating a more complicated solution than necessary, a missed opportunity to simplify features, user interface, or code.
* *Extraneous cognitive load*. The costs of unneeded expenditure of mental energy, such as poorly written code, context switching, confusing APIs, or technical debt. * *Extraneous cognitive load*. The costs of unneeded expenditure of mental energy, such as poorly written code, context switching, confusing APIs, or technical debt.
* *Psychological distress*. The costs of burdening the team with unhelpful stress arising from low morale, pace, or interpersonal conflict. * *Psychological distress*. The costs of burdening the team with unhelpful stress arising from low morale, pace, or interpersonal conflict.
* *Waiting/multitasking*. The cost of idle time, often hidden by multi-tasking, due to slow tests, missing information, or context switching. * *Waiting/multitasking*. The cost of idle time, often hidden by multi-tasking, due to slow tests, missing information, or context switching.
* *Knowledge loss*. The cost of re-acquiring information that the team once knew. * *Knowledge loss*. The cost of re-acquiring information that the team once knew.
* *Ineffective communication*. The cost of incomplete, incorrect, mislead- ing, inefficient, or absent communication. * *Ineffective communication*. The cost of incomplete, incorrect, misleading, inefficient, or absent communication.
One could imagine using these concepts to refine processes and practices in a team, helping both developers and managers be more aware of sources of waste that harm productivity. One could imagine using these concepts to refine processes and practices in a team, helping both developers and managers be more aware of sources of waste that harm productivity.