Fixed #23, citing mmanagers paper.

process.html

@@ -48,7 +48,16 @@
 
 		<p>Because of the importance of awareness and communication, the <strong>distance</strong> between teammates is also a critical factor. This is most visible in companies that hire remote developers, building distributed teams. The primary motivation for doing this is to reduce costs or gain access to engineering talent that is distant from a team's geographical center, but over time, companies have found that doing so necessitates significant investments in travel and socialization to ensure quality, minimizing geographical, temporal and cultural separation (<a href="#smite">Smite 2010</a>). Researchers have found that there appear to be fundamental tradeoffs between productivity, quality, and/or profits in these settings (<a href="#ramasubbu">Ramasubbu et al. 2011</a>). For example, more distance appears to lead to slower communication (<a href="#wagstrom">Wagstrom & Datta 2014</a>). Despite these tradeoffs, most rigorous studies of the cost of distributed development have found that when companies work hard to minimize temporal and cultural separation, the actual impact on defects was small (<a href="#kocaguneli">Kocaguneli et al. 2013</a>). Some researchers have begun to explore even more extreme models of distributed development, hiring contract developers to complete microtasks over a few days without hiring them as employees; early studies suggest that these models have the worst of outcomes, with greater costs, poor scalability, and more significant quality issues (<a href="#stol">Stol & Fitzgerald 2014</a>).</p>
 	
-		<p>While all of these research was being conducted, industry explored its own ideas about process, devising frameworks that addressed issues of distance, pace, ownership, awareness, and process improvement. Extreme Programming (<a href="beck">Beck 1999</a>) was one of these frameworks and it was full of ideas:</p>
+		<p>
+			A critical part of ensuring all that a team is successful is having someone responsible for managing these factors of distance, pace, ownership, awareness, and overall process.
+			The most obvious person to oversee this is, of course, a project manager.
+			Research on what skills software engineering project managers need suggests that while some technical knowledge is necessary, it the soft skills necessary for managing all of these factors in communication and coordination that distinguish great managers (<a href="#kall">Kalliamvakou et al. 2017</a>).
+		</p>
+	
+		<p>
+			While all of this research has strong implications for practice, industry has largely explored its own ideas about process, devising frameworks that addressed issues of distance, pace, ownership, awareness, and process improvement. 
+			Extreme Programming (<a href="beck">Beck 1999</a>) was one of these frameworks and it was full of ideas:
+		</p>
 		
 		<ul>
 			<li>Be iterative</li>
@@ -89,6 +98,7 @@
 		<p id="herbslebmockus">James D. Herbsleb and Audris Mockus. 2003. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/940071.940091" target="_blank">Formulation and preliminary test of an empirical theory of coordination in software engineering</a>. In Proceedings of the 9th European software engineering conference held jointly with 11th ACM SIGSOFT international symposium on Foundations of software engineering (ESEC/FSE-11). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 138-137.</p>
 		<p id="herbsleb">James Herbsleb. 2016. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/2950290.2994160" target="_blank">Building a socio-technical theory of coordination: why and how</a>. In Proceedings of the 2016 24th ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Foundations of Software Engineering (FSE 2016). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 2-10.</p>
 		<p id="hoda">Rashina Hoda, James Noble, and Stuart Marshall. 2010. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/1806799.1806843" target="_blank">Organizing self-organizing teams</a>. In Proceedings of the 32nd ACM/IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering - Volume 1 (ICSE '10), Vol. 1. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 285-294.</p>
+		<p id="kall">Kalliamvakou, E., Bird, C., Zimmermann, T., Begel, A., DeLine, R., & German, D. M. (2017). <a href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8094304/" target="_blank">What makes a great manager of software engineers</a>? IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering.</p>
 		<p id="ko">Andrew J. Ko, Robert DeLine, and Gina Venolia. 2007. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICSE.2007.45" target="_blank">Information Needs in Collocated Software Development Teams</a>. In Proceedings of the 29th international conference on Software Engineering (ICSE '07). IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA, 344-353.</p>
 		<p id="ko2">Andrew J. Ko (2017). <a href="http://faculty.washington.edu/ajko/papers/Ko2017AnswerDashReflection.pdf" target="_blank">A Three-Year Participant Observation of Software Startup Software Evolution</a>. International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE), Software Engineering in Practice, to appear.</a>
 		<p id="kocaguneli">Ekrem Kocaguneli, Thomas Zimmermann, Christian Bird, Nachiappan Nagappan, and Tim Menzies. 2013. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSE.2013.6606637" target="_blank">Distributed development considered harmful?</a> In Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE '13). IEEE Press, Piscataway, NJ, USA, 882-890.</p>