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<span class="navbar-brand">Gtk4 tutorial</span>
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<a class="nav-link" href="sec4.html">Prev: section4</a>
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<a class="nav-link" href="sec6.html">Next: section6</a>
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<h1 id="widgets-2">Widgets (2)</h1>
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<h2 id="gtktextview-gtktextbuffer-and-gtkscrolledwindow">GtkTextView,
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GtkTextBuffer and GtkScrolledWindow</h2>
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<h3 id="gtktextview-and-gtktextbuffer">GtkTextView and
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GtkTextBuffer</h3>
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<p>GtkTextView is a widget for multi-line text editing. GtkTextBuffer is
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a text buffer which is connected to GtkTextView. See the sample program
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<code>tfv1.c</code> below.</p>
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<div class="sourceCode" id="cb1"><pre
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class="sourceCode numberSource C numberLines"><code class="sourceCode c"><span id="cb1-1"><a href="#cb1-1"></a><span class="pp">#include </span><span class="im"><gtk/gtk.h></span></span>
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<span id="cb1-2"><a href="#cb1-2"></a></span>
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<span id="cb1-3"><a href="#cb1-3"></a><span class="dt">static</span> <span class="dt">void</span></span>
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<span id="cb1-4"><a href="#cb1-4"></a>app_activate <span class="op">(</span>GApplication <span class="op">*</span>app<span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">{</span></span>
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<span id="cb1-5"><a href="#cb1-5"></a> GtkWidget <span class="op">*</span>win<span class="op">;</span></span>
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<span id="cb1-6"><a href="#cb1-6"></a> GtkWidget <span class="op">*</span>tv<span class="op">;</span></span>
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<span id="cb1-7"><a href="#cb1-7"></a> GtkTextBuffer <span class="op">*</span>tb<span class="op">;</span></span>
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<span id="cb1-8"><a href="#cb1-8"></a> gchar <span class="op">*</span>text<span class="op">;</span></span>
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<span id="cb1-9"><a href="#cb1-9"></a></span>
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<span id="cb1-10"><a href="#cb1-10"></a> text <span class="op">=</span></span>
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<span id="cb1-11"><a href="#cb1-11"></a> <span class="st">"Once upon a time, there was an old man who was called Taketori-no-Okina. "</span></span>
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<span id="cb1-12"><a href="#cb1-12"></a> <span class="st">"It is a japanese word that means a man whose work is making bamboo baskets.</span><span class="sc">\n</span><span class="st">"</span></span>
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<span id="cb1-13"><a href="#cb1-13"></a> <span class="st">"One day, he went into a mountain and found a shining bamboo. "</span></span>
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<span id="cb1-14"><a href="#cb1-14"></a> <span class="st">"</span><span class="sc">\"</span><span class="st">What a mysterious bamboo it is!,</span><span class="sc">\"</span><span class="st"> he said. "</span></span>
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<span id="cb1-15"><a href="#cb1-15"></a> <span class="st">"He cut it, then there was a small cute baby girl in it. "</span></span>
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<span id="cb1-16"><a href="#cb1-16"></a> <span class="st">"The girl was shining faintly. "</span></span>
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<span id="cb1-17"><a href="#cb1-17"></a> <span class="st">"He thought this baby girl is a gift from Heaven and took her home.</span><span class="sc">\n</span><span class="st">"</span></span>
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<span id="cb1-18"><a href="#cb1-18"></a> <span class="st">"His wife was surprized at his story. "</span></span>
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<span id="cb1-19"><a href="#cb1-19"></a> <span class="st">"They were very happy because they had no children. "</span></span>
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<span id="cb1-20"><a href="#cb1-20"></a> <span class="op">;</span></span>
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<span id="cb1-21"><a href="#cb1-21"></a> win <span class="op">=</span> gtk_application_window_new <span class="op">(</span>GTK_APPLICATION <span class="op">(</span>app<span class="op">));</span></span>
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<span id="cb1-22"><a href="#cb1-22"></a> gtk_window_set_title <span class="op">(</span>GTK_WINDOW <span class="op">(</span>win<span class="op">),</span> <span class="st">"Taketori"</span><span class="op">);</span></span>
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<span id="cb1-23"><a href="#cb1-23"></a> gtk_window_set_default_size <span class="op">(</span>GTK_WINDOW <span class="op">(</span>win<span class="op">),</span> <span class="dv">400</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="dv">300</span><span class="op">);</span></span>
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<span id="cb1-24"><a href="#cb1-24"></a></span>
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<span id="cb1-25"><a href="#cb1-25"></a> tv <span class="op">=</span> gtk_text_view_new <span class="op">();</span></span>
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<span id="cb1-26"><a href="#cb1-26"></a> tb <span class="op">=</span> gtk_text_view_get_buffer <span class="op">(</span>GTK_TEXT_VIEW <span class="op">(</span>tv<span class="op">));</span></span>
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<span id="cb1-27"><a href="#cb1-27"></a> gtk_text_buffer_set_text <span class="op">(</span>tb<span class="op">,</span> text<span class="op">,</span> <span class="op">-</span><span class="dv">1</span><span class="op">);</span></span>
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<span id="cb1-28"><a href="#cb1-28"></a> gtk_text_view_set_wrap_mode <span class="op">(</span>GTK_TEXT_VIEW <span class="op">(</span>tv<span class="op">),</span> GTK_WRAP_WORD_CHAR<span class="op">);</span></span>
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<span id="cb1-29"><a href="#cb1-29"></a></span>
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<span id="cb1-30"><a href="#cb1-30"></a> gtk_window_set_child <span class="op">(</span>GTK_WINDOW <span class="op">(</span>win<span class="op">),</span> tv<span class="op">);</span></span>
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<span id="cb1-31"><a href="#cb1-31"></a></span>
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<span id="cb1-32"><a href="#cb1-32"></a> gtk_window_present <span class="op">(</span>GTK_WINDOW <span class="op">(</span>win<span class="op">));</span></span>
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<span id="cb1-33"><a href="#cb1-33"></a><span class="op">}</span></span>
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<span id="cb1-34"><a href="#cb1-34"></a></span>
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<span id="cb1-35"><a href="#cb1-35"></a><span class="dt">int</span></span>
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<span id="cb1-36"><a href="#cb1-36"></a>main <span class="op">(</span><span class="dt">int</span> argc<span class="op">,</span> <span class="dt">char</span> <span class="op">**</span>argv<span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">{</span></span>
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<span id="cb1-37"><a href="#cb1-37"></a> GtkApplication <span class="op">*</span>app<span class="op">;</span></span>
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<span id="cb1-38"><a href="#cb1-38"></a> <span class="dt">int</span> stat<span class="op">;</span></span>
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<span id="cb1-39"><a href="#cb1-39"></a></span>
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<span id="cb1-40"><a href="#cb1-40"></a> app <span class="op">=</span> gtk_application_new <span class="op">(</span><span class="st">"com.github.ToshioCP.tfv1"</span><span class="op">,</span> G_APPLICATION_DEFAULT_FLAGS<span class="op">);</span></span>
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<span id="cb1-41"><a href="#cb1-41"></a> g_signal_connect <span class="op">(</span>app<span class="op">,</span> <span class="st">"activate"</span><span class="op">,</span> G_CALLBACK <span class="op">(</span>app_activate<span class="op">),</span> NULL<span class="op">);</span></span>
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<span id="cb1-42"><a href="#cb1-42"></a> stat <span class="op">=</span> g_application_run <span class="op">(</span>G_APPLICATION <span class="op">(</span>app<span class="op">),</span> argc<span class="op">,</span> argv<span class="op">);</span></span>
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<span id="cb1-43"><a href="#cb1-43"></a> g_object_unref <span class="op">(</span>app<span class="op">);</span></span>
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<span id="cb1-44"><a href="#cb1-44"></a> <span class="cf">return</span> stat<span class="op">;</span></span>
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<span id="cb1-45"><a href="#cb1-45"></a><span class="op">}</span></span></code></pre></div>
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<p>Look at line 25. A GtkTextView instance is created and its pointer is
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assigned to <code>tv</code>. When the GtkTextView instance is created, a
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GtkTextBuffer instance is also created and connected to the GtkTextView
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automatically. “GtkTextBuffer instance” will be referred to simply as
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“GtkTextBuffer” or “buffer”. In the next line, the pointer to the buffer
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is assigned to <code>tb</code>. Then, the text from line 10 to 20 is
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assigned to the buffer. If the third argument of
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<code>gtk_text_buffer_set_text</code> is a positive integer, it is the
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length of the text. It it is -1, the string terminates with NULL.</p>
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<p>GtkTextView has a wrap mode. When it is set to
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<code>GTK_WRAP_WORD_CHAR</code>, text wraps in between words, or if that
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is not enough, also between graphemes.</p>
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<p>Wrap mode is written in <a
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href="https://docs.gtk.org/gtk4/enum.WrapMode.html">Gtk_WrapMode</a> in
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the GTK 4 API document.</p>
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<p>In line 30, <code>tv</code> is added to <code>win</code> as a
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child.</p>
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<p>Now compile and run it.</p>
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<pre><code>$ cd src/tfv
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$ comp tfv1
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$ ./a.out</code></pre>
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<figure>
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<img src="image/screenshot_tfv1.png" alt="GtkTextView" />
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<figcaption aria-hidden="true">GtkTextView</figcaption>
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</figure>
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<p>There’s an I-beam pointer in the window. You can add or delete any
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characters on the GtkTextView, and your changes are kept in the
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GtkTextBuffer. If you add more characters beyond the limit of the
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window, the height increases and the window extends. If the height gets
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bigger than the height of the display screen, you won’t be able to
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control the size of the window or change it back to the original size.
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This is a problem, that is to say a bug. This can be solved by adding a
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GtkScrolledWindow between the GtkApplicationWindow and GtkTextView.</p>
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<h3 id="gtkscrolledwindow">GtkScrolledWindow</h3>
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<p>What we need to do is:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Create a GtkScrolledWindow and insert it as a child of the
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GtkApplicationWindow</li>
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<li>Insert the GtkTextView widget to the GtkScrolledWindow as a
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child.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Modify <code>tfv1.c</code> and save it as <code>tfv2.c</code>. There
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is only a few difference between these two files.</p>
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<pre><code>$ cd tfv; diff tfv1.c tfv2.c
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5a6
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> GtkWidget *scr;
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24a26,28
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> scr = gtk_scrolled_window_new ();
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> gtk_window_set_child (GTK_WINDOW (win), scr);
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>
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30c34
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< gtk_window_set_child (GTK_WINDOW (win), tv);
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---
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> gtk_scrolled_window_set_child (GTK_SCROLLED_WINDOW (scr), tv);
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40c44
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< app = gtk_application_new ("com.github.ToshioCP.tfv1", G_APPLICATION_DEFAULT_FLAGS);
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---
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> app = gtk_application_new ("com.github.ToshioCP.tfv2", G_APPLICATION_DEFAULT_FLAGS);</code></pre>
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<p>The whole code of <code>tfv2.c</code> is as follows.</p>
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<div class="sourceCode" id="cb4"><pre
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||
class="sourceCode numberSource C numberLines"><code class="sourceCode c"><span id="cb4-1"><a href="#cb4-1"></a><span class="pp">#include </span><span class="im"><gtk/gtk.h></span></span>
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<span id="cb4-2"><a href="#cb4-2"></a></span>
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<span id="cb4-3"><a href="#cb4-3"></a><span class="dt">static</span> <span class="dt">void</span></span>
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<span id="cb4-4"><a href="#cb4-4"></a>app_activate <span class="op">(</span>GApplication <span class="op">*</span>app<span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">{</span></span>
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<span id="cb4-5"><a href="#cb4-5"></a> GtkWidget <span class="op">*</span>win<span class="op">;</span></span>
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<span id="cb4-6"><a href="#cb4-6"></a> GtkWidget <span class="op">*</span>scr<span class="op">;</span></span>
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<span id="cb4-7"><a href="#cb4-7"></a> GtkWidget <span class="op">*</span>tv<span class="op">;</span></span>
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<span id="cb4-8"><a href="#cb4-8"></a> GtkTextBuffer <span class="op">*</span>tb<span class="op">;</span></span>
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<span id="cb4-9"><a href="#cb4-9"></a> gchar <span class="op">*</span>text<span class="op">;</span></span>
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<span id="cb4-10"><a href="#cb4-10"></a></span>
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<span id="cb4-11"><a href="#cb4-11"></a> text <span class="op">=</span></span>
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<span id="cb4-12"><a href="#cb4-12"></a> <span class="st">"Once upon a time, there was an old man who was called Taketori-no-Okina. "</span></span>
|
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<span id="cb4-13"><a href="#cb4-13"></a> <span class="st">"It is a japanese word that means a man whose work is making bamboo baskets.</span><span class="sc">\n</span><span class="st">"</span></span>
|
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<span id="cb4-14"><a href="#cb4-14"></a> <span class="st">"One day, he went into a mountain and found a shining bamboo. "</span></span>
|
||
<span id="cb4-15"><a href="#cb4-15"></a> <span class="st">"</span><span class="sc">\"</span><span class="st">What a mysterious bamboo it is!,</span><span class="sc">\"</span><span class="st"> he said. "</span></span>
|
||
<span id="cb4-16"><a href="#cb4-16"></a> <span class="st">"He cut it, then there was a small cute baby girl in it. "</span></span>
|
||
<span id="cb4-17"><a href="#cb4-17"></a> <span class="st">"The girl was shining faintly. "</span></span>
|
||
<span id="cb4-18"><a href="#cb4-18"></a> <span class="st">"He thought this baby girl is a gift from Heaven and took her home.</span><span class="sc">\n</span><span class="st">"</span></span>
|
||
<span id="cb4-19"><a href="#cb4-19"></a> <span class="st">"His wife was surprized at his story. "</span></span>
|
||
<span id="cb4-20"><a href="#cb4-20"></a> <span class="st">"They were very happy because they had no children. "</span></span>
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<span id="cb4-21"><a href="#cb4-21"></a> <span class="op">;</span></span>
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<span id="cb4-22"><a href="#cb4-22"></a> win <span class="op">=</span> gtk_application_window_new <span class="op">(</span>GTK_APPLICATION <span class="op">(</span>app<span class="op">));</span></span>
|
||
<span id="cb4-23"><a href="#cb4-23"></a> gtk_window_set_title <span class="op">(</span>GTK_WINDOW <span class="op">(</span>win<span class="op">),</span> <span class="st">"Taketori"</span><span class="op">);</span></span>
|
||
<span id="cb4-24"><a href="#cb4-24"></a> gtk_window_set_default_size <span class="op">(</span>GTK_WINDOW <span class="op">(</span>win<span class="op">),</span> <span class="dv">400</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="dv">300</span><span class="op">);</span></span>
|
||
<span id="cb4-25"><a href="#cb4-25"></a></span>
|
||
<span id="cb4-26"><a href="#cb4-26"></a> scr <span class="op">=</span> gtk_scrolled_window_new <span class="op">();</span></span>
|
||
<span id="cb4-27"><a href="#cb4-27"></a> gtk_window_set_child <span class="op">(</span>GTK_WINDOW <span class="op">(</span>win<span class="op">),</span> scr<span class="op">);</span></span>
|
||
<span id="cb4-28"><a href="#cb4-28"></a></span>
|
||
<span id="cb4-29"><a href="#cb4-29"></a> tv <span class="op">=</span> gtk_text_view_new <span class="op">();</span></span>
|
||
<span id="cb4-30"><a href="#cb4-30"></a> tb <span class="op">=</span> gtk_text_view_get_buffer <span class="op">(</span>GTK_TEXT_VIEW <span class="op">(</span>tv<span class="op">));</span></span>
|
||
<span id="cb4-31"><a href="#cb4-31"></a> gtk_text_buffer_set_text <span class="op">(</span>tb<span class="op">,</span> text<span class="op">,</span> <span class="op">-</span><span class="dv">1</span><span class="op">);</span></span>
|
||
<span id="cb4-32"><a href="#cb4-32"></a> gtk_text_view_set_wrap_mode <span class="op">(</span>GTK_TEXT_VIEW <span class="op">(</span>tv<span class="op">),</span> GTK_WRAP_WORD_CHAR<span class="op">);</span></span>
|
||
<span id="cb4-33"><a href="#cb4-33"></a></span>
|
||
<span id="cb4-34"><a href="#cb4-34"></a> gtk_scrolled_window_set_child <span class="op">(</span>GTK_SCROLLED_WINDOW <span class="op">(</span>scr<span class="op">),</span> tv<span class="op">);</span></span>
|
||
<span id="cb4-35"><a href="#cb4-35"></a></span>
|
||
<span id="cb4-36"><a href="#cb4-36"></a> gtk_window_present <span class="op">(</span>GTK_WINDOW <span class="op">(</span>win<span class="op">));</span></span>
|
||
<span id="cb4-37"><a href="#cb4-37"></a><span class="op">}</span></span>
|
||
<span id="cb4-38"><a href="#cb4-38"></a></span>
|
||
<span id="cb4-39"><a href="#cb4-39"></a><span class="dt">int</span></span>
|
||
<span id="cb4-40"><a href="#cb4-40"></a>main <span class="op">(</span><span class="dt">int</span> argc<span class="op">,</span> <span class="dt">char</span> <span class="op">**</span>argv<span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">{</span></span>
|
||
<span id="cb4-41"><a href="#cb4-41"></a> GtkApplication <span class="op">*</span>app<span class="op">;</span></span>
|
||
<span id="cb4-42"><a href="#cb4-42"></a> <span class="dt">int</span> stat<span class="op">;</span></span>
|
||
<span id="cb4-43"><a href="#cb4-43"></a></span>
|
||
<span id="cb4-44"><a href="#cb4-44"></a> app <span class="op">=</span> gtk_application_new <span class="op">(</span><span class="st">"com.github.ToshioCP.tfv2"</span><span class="op">,</span> G_APPLICATION_DEFAULT_FLAGS<span class="op">);</span></span>
|
||
<span id="cb4-45"><a href="#cb4-45"></a> g_signal_connect <span class="op">(</span>app<span class="op">,</span> <span class="st">"activate"</span><span class="op">,</span> G_CALLBACK <span class="op">(</span>app_activate<span class="op">),</span> NULL<span class="op">);</span></span>
|
||
<span id="cb4-46"><a href="#cb4-46"></a> stat <span class="op">=</span> g_application_run <span class="op">(</span>G_APPLICATION <span class="op">(</span>app<span class="op">),</span> argc<span class="op">,</span> argv<span class="op">);</span></span>
|
||
<span id="cb4-47"><a href="#cb4-47"></a> g_object_unref <span class="op">(</span>app<span class="op">);</span></span>
|
||
<span id="cb4-48"><a href="#cb4-48"></a> <span class="cf">return</span> stat<span class="op">;</span></span>
|
||
<span id="cb4-49"><a href="#cb4-49"></a><span class="op">}</span></span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>Compile and run it.</p>
|
||
<p>Now, the window doesn’t extend even if you type a lot of characters,
|
||
it just scrolls.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
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|
||
</body>
|
||
</html>
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